Millions of people in India have been lifted out of poverty as a result of economic growth, and society has modernised. economic aspiration has not been accomplished without expense. Energy security has been impacted by Indias increased reliance on energy imports. Air quality is impacted by pollution from industry, transportation, and conventional cook stoves, which is also raising greenhouse gas emissions and accelerating climate change. India began producing biofuels about a decade ago in order to lessen its reliance on imported oil and so enhance energy security, and it is currently one of the leading producers of Jatropha oil. In 2001, the government launched a 5 ethanol blending E5 pilot programme, and in 2003, it established the National Mission on Biodiesel, with the goal of reaching 20 biodiesel blends by 2011 2012. Government of India, 2002, 2003 . Indias biofuel initiatives, like those of many other countries throughout the world, have suffered difficulties, owing mostly to supply constraints and global worries about food security. In 2009, Indias National Regulatory on Biofuels set a non mandatory aim of a 20 mix for both biodiesel and ethanol by 2017, as well as a broad plan for the biofuels programme and policy measures to support it. The purpose of the article is to examine how biofuels may be used in India to offset the countrys reliance on fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions. It will be discussed how biofuels have been used recently and historically in relation to recent changes in government policy. A whole lifecycle evaluation will be utilised to analyse sample materials crops, wastes, and residues that can be used for biofuels. Case studies showcasing biofuel utilizations failures and achievements will be provided as examples of the difficulties and possibilities for use of biofuels in India, as well as recommendations for their potential future use. Prof. V. K. Nema | Deepak Kumar Sahu "A Review on Biodiesel Production" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52360.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/52360/a-review-on-biodiesel-production/prof-v-k-nema
This document summarizes information about eco-friendly fuels such as compressed natural gas, biodiesel, solar energy, and electricity. It discusses why eco-friendly fuels are needed to reduce global warming and maintain ecological balance. Examples of eco-friendly fuels are provided along with details about biodiesel production in India. The advantages of eco-friendly fuels include lower emissions and renewability, while the disadvantages include higher production costs and potential impacts on food prices. The future of biofuels in India is seen as promising due to potential for rural development and energy security, with a target of 20% blending by 2017.
The BioFuel industry in India has faced turmoil recently due to an investigation into suppression of the bio-diesel market. The Competition Commission of India is probing whether the petroleum ministry and state-run oil companies have prevented the bio-diesel market from growing despite Rs. 2,500 crores of investments by producers. Meanwhile, some positive developments continue, such as plans for 500 government buses in Mysore to run on bio-diesel, the Indian Railways establishing biodiesel plants, and a research project fueling a vehicle with biodiesel from marine microalgae.
The transportation, agricultural and power sector of India is largely dependent on
fossil fuels that decrease day by day. The government has to import large volumes of
fuel from foreign sources to meet the fuel demand for power production, causing a
negative impact on the country’s economy. Biodiesel can thus be a destined source to
future energy demands. Increasing the usage of biodiesel will also decrease the global
problem of environmental pollution, as fossil fuels are considered to be the major
source of harmful emissions. In a developing country like India this is not practically
feasible to divert the edible oil for production of Biodiesel as the edible oil demand for
human consumption is always higher than its domestic production. Under Indian
climatic conditions only few plant sources can be considered for biodiesel production
which produces non-edible oil in greater quantity and can be cultivated at large scale
on non-cropped marginal and wastelands. In this study the available potential of
cotton seed oil and rice bran oil biodiesel feed stocks, comparison of cost analysis are
discussed. Producing biodiesel from cotton seed oil and rice bran oil feed stocks is
greatly possible, cost-effectiveness and availability of biodiesel needs to be carried out
to help ensure that biodiesel will be able to fully replace fossil fuel and can thus assist
in future energy needs
Comparative Analysis of CI Engine Fuelled with Mahua oil & Jatropha oil deriv...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of operating a compression ignition (CI) engine using fuels comprised of single and dual biodiesel blends derived from Mahua and Jatropha oils. Biodiesel is produced through a transesterification process involving vegetable oils and an alcohol (typically methanol) catalyzed by a base. The properties of biodiesel are similar to conventional diesel, including improved characteristics like reduced sulfur and aromatics content. The study aims to test Mahua oil biodiesel, Jatropha oil biodiesel, and a 50% blend of each, to analyze their performance characteristics when used in a CI engine. The results will help determine if dual biodiesel blends can provide benefits like reduced
Bio diesel energy systems and technology best sie.v17 ch9 twas trieste publicProf Parameshwar P Iyer
Chapter from an UNDP Project Report on Sustainable Energy Systems prepared by the Third World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy based on an International Workshop conducted in August 2006
What Is Biofuel Manufacturing Plant In India And How To Set Up One In India.pdfPranshuCorpseed
Biofuels are gaining traction as a viable and environmentally acceptable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. As the globe grapples with climate change and decreasing fossil fuel supplies, India has realized the promise of biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while simultaneously ensuring energy security. This article goes into the interesting world of biofuel manufacturing in India, investigating its importance, types, legal framework, and the stages needed in establishing a biofuel manufacturing plant.
Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It discusses biodiesel production processes and feedstocks used worldwide. The key points are:
- Biodiesel has advantages over fossil fuels like being renewable, biodegradable and reducing exhaust emissions. However, biodiesel has less energy content than diesel.
- Common biodiesel feedstocks discussed are cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, jatropha and palm oil. Feedstock selection is important as it affects 75% of production costs.
- The document also looks at biodiesel potential in India, including a national mission to promote jatropha cultivation and use. It concludes that biodiesel can reduce
The Royal Thai Government recognizes the importance of sustainable economic development. Various policies have been introduced to address technological, economic and institutional challenges to move the country towards a sustainable biobased economy.
This document summarizes information about eco-friendly fuels such as compressed natural gas, biodiesel, solar energy, and electricity. It discusses why eco-friendly fuels are needed to reduce global warming and maintain ecological balance. Examples of eco-friendly fuels are provided along with details about biodiesel production in India. The advantages of eco-friendly fuels include lower emissions and renewability, while the disadvantages include higher production costs and potential impacts on food prices. The future of biofuels in India is seen as promising due to potential for rural development and energy security, with a target of 20% blending by 2017.
The BioFuel industry in India has faced turmoil recently due to an investigation into suppression of the bio-diesel market. The Competition Commission of India is probing whether the petroleum ministry and state-run oil companies have prevented the bio-diesel market from growing despite Rs. 2,500 crores of investments by producers. Meanwhile, some positive developments continue, such as plans for 500 government buses in Mysore to run on bio-diesel, the Indian Railways establishing biodiesel plants, and a research project fueling a vehicle with biodiesel from marine microalgae.
The transportation, agricultural and power sector of India is largely dependent on
fossil fuels that decrease day by day. The government has to import large volumes of
fuel from foreign sources to meet the fuel demand for power production, causing a
negative impact on the country’s economy. Biodiesel can thus be a destined source to
future energy demands. Increasing the usage of biodiesel will also decrease the global
problem of environmental pollution, as fossil fuels are considered to be the major
source of harmful emissions. In a developing country like India this is not practically
feasible to divert the edible oil for production of Biodiesel as the edible oil demand for
human consumption is always higher than its domestic production. Under Indian
climatic conditions only few plant sources can be considered for biodiesel production
which produces non-edible oil in greater quantity and can be cultivated at large scale
on non-cropped marginal and wastelands. In this study the available potential of
cotton seed oil and rice bran oil biodiesel feed stocks, comparison of cost analysis are
discussed. Producing biodiesel from cotton seed oil and rice bran oil feed stocks is
greatly possible, cost-effectiveness and availability of biodiesel needs to be carried out
to help ensure that biodiesel will be able to fully replace fossil fuel and can thus assist
in future energy needs
Comparative Analysis of CI Engine Fuelled with Mahua oil & Jatropha oil deriv...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of operating a compression ignition (CI) engine using fuels comprised of single and dual biodiesel blends derived from Mahua and Jatropha oils. Biodiesel is produced through a transesterification process involving vegetable oils and an alcohol (typically methanol) catalyzed by a base. The properties of biodiesel are similar to conventional diesel, including improved characteristics like reduced sulfur and aromatics content. The study aims to test Mahua oil biodiesel, Jatropha oil biodiesel, and a 50% blend of each, to analyze their performance characteristics when used in a CI engine. The results will help determine if dual biodiesel blends can provide benefits like reduced
Bio diesel energy systems and technology best sie.v17 ch9 twas trieste publicProf Parameshwar P Iyer
Chapter from an UNDP Project Report on Sustainable Energy Systems prepared by the Third World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy based on an International Workshop conducted in August 2006
What Is Biofuel Manufacturing Plant In India And How To Set Up One In India.pdfPranshuCorpseed
Biofuels are gaining traction as a viable and environmentally acceptable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. As the globe grapples with climate change and decreasing fossil fuel supplies, India has realized the promise of biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while simultaneously ensuring energy security. This article goes into the interesting world of biofuel manufacturing in India, investigating its importance, types, legal framework, and the stages needed in establishing a biofuel manufacturing plant.
Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It discusses biodiesel production processes and feedstocks used worldwide. The key points are:
- Biodiesel has advantages over fossil fuels like being renewable, biodegradable and reducing exhaust emissions. However, biodiesel has less energy content than diesel.
- Common biodiesel feedstocks discussed are cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, jatropha and palm oil. Feedstock selection is important as it affects 75% of production costs.
- The document also looks at biodiesel potential in India, including a national mission to promote jatropha cultivation and use. It concludes that biodiesel can reduce
The Royal Thai Government recognizes the importance of sustainable economic development. Various policies have been introduced to address technological, economic and institutional challenges to move the country towards a sustainable biobased economy.
Biogas as a sustainable alternative for current energy need of india.Sandip Magdum
This document discusses biogas as a sustainable energy alternative for India. It notes that India's per capita energy consumption is declining while its population increases, straining the economy. Biogas production from organic waste has benefits like waste management, fertilizer production, healthcare, employment, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The document argues that biogas can help meet India's growing energy needs in a sustainable way by decentralizing production in rural areas and centralizing it in urban areas. Overall, biogas is presented as an ideal renewable energy source that can provide social, economic, and environmental benefits for India.
Biodiesel 2020, Vol 2 tracks the U.S. and global markets for biodiesel growth, details major feedstock trends, and provides analysis of biodiesel consumption and production trends. Europe, China, India and Brazil are also covered as case studies. Proprietary forecasts developed for this study are also used to produce 2020 "Scenarios" for the U.S., Europe, China, India and Brazil. The widely acclaimed Biodiesel 2020 study has been featured in the Financial Times, Wall Street Journal, Business 2.0, Biodiesel magazine, Reuters TV, Fox News Energy Week, Biofuels International, Renewable Energy Access, The Futurist, and on Finland's TV network 'N" news. For more information, or a consultation, visit http://www.emerging-markets.com
Biodiesel 2020, 2nd edition provides an update on the first study; further explores feedstock trends and provides detailed analysis of the current transition from 1st generation biodiesel markets to 2nd generation markets for biodiesel, renewable diesel and biomass to liquids for biodiesel projects.
This document discusses India's energy landscape and opportunities for liquid fuels from sugarcane. It notes that India imports a large portion of its energy needs and is seeking to boost domestic production. Sugarcane is discussed as a feedstock for ethanol, butanol, methanol, and hydrogen. The sugar industry has become more integrated as a biorefinery model. Opportunities exist to increase ethanol production to meet blending mandates and fuel demand through increasing sugarcane acreage and yields. Other liquid fuels like butanol and methanol are mentioned as alternatives that can be produced from sugarcane.
India and China both rely heavily on oil and natural gas, importing a significant portion of their needs. Both countries are pursuing strategies to increase domestic production and diversify foreign sources to improve energy security. This includes China's investments in overseas oil assets and pipelines. There is also tension as both countries' hydrocarbon demands rise and compete for the same sea lanes and regions like the South China Sea.
The document outlines Indonesia's roadmap and regulations for its bioenergy program. Key points include:
1) A shift towards a renewable energy based, sustainable economy that utilizes energy resources for national development rather than export.
2) Targets for increasing portions of gas, coal, and renewable energy in the energy mix by 2025 and 2050 according to the National Energy Policy and Presidential Decree.
3) Plans to increase biofuel production and utilization, including biodiesel blending targets of 30% by 2025, to enhance energy independence and economic benefits.
N.S. EPC Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. incorporated entity (erstwhile brand of N.S. Consultants) founded by Sushil Sharma and N. Nagaraja in 2005. Presently Mr. Sushil Sharma being the Executive Director & CEO of the Company joined by Mr. B.B.Pathak- Director-Operations & Principal Consultant, Er. Archit Sharma- Director-Technical and Ms. Aadya Sharma- Director-HR came stakeholder as well. It is a leading EPC company providing solutions and consultancy for Ethanol Plants in India. The company is having best team composition for grain-based distillery. Consultancy Advisory of the company will facilitate the ‘Improved Profit Margin’ of the Ethanol Plants in India. For any service related to the manufacturing of Ethanol plant, we will be happy to help and serve you for improved margins with improved output at the most optimized cost. The company is into Engineering, Procurement, and Construction and have been leading the change in providing ‘Green Energy Solutions’ to an extensive and diverse array of Industry. Well equipped with large infrastructure, vast experience, and expertise we have a proven track record in undertaking large turnkey projects and a variety of integrated comprehensive designs to deliver solutions to diverse Polymers, Chemical, and Process Industries with a major emphasis on the continuous improvement, development, and application of Biodegradable Products Biofuels, Bioethanol, and Biomass driven processes. As turnkey project suppliers, the company provided ‘Single-Point Solutions Provider’ for the entire spectrum of the plant design and build – right from evaluation, assessment, planning of business opportunities, and financing to Pre-Construction feasibility studies for complete Installation including Commissioning, Operation & Maintenance assistance.https://nsepc.in, #ethanolconsultantsindia
#EthanolEPCcompaniesIndia
#EthanolplantConsultants
#GrainbasedDistilleryConsultants
#ProfitmargininethanolplantinIndia
#EthanolplantmanufacturersinIndia
This document summarizes a research paper analyzing the sustainability opportunities and challenges of the biofuels industry in India. The paper aims to answer three questions: 1) What are some significant sustainability opportunities and challenges of the biofuels industry? 2) What is the current state of biofuel operations in India? 3) What initial steps can be taken toward sustainable biofuel development? The response analyzes strategic sustainable development approaches and tools like the Natural Step Framework. Key points discussed include economic, environmental and social sustainability assessments of biomass and biofuels, including issues of profitability, efficiency, equity, energy balance, greenhouse gas emissions and life cycle assessments. Challenges in implementing ethanol blending programs in India like taxation and availability of
Bioethanol from sugarcane has become a major source of energy due to concerns over food shortages from other biofuel feedstocks. Vietnam has great potential for biofuel production from its sugarcane, cassava, agricultural residues and cellulosic biomass. Two ethanol plants are planned to begin operations in 2008-2009, producing ethanol from sugarcane molasses and cassava, while biodiesel may be produced from catfish oil, used cooking oil, and Jatropha oil.
This document summarizes a literature review of biomass resources and bio-fuels industries in India. It begins by providing background on biomass energy use in India, noting that biomass meets the cooking energy needs of most rural households and 50% of urban households. It then reviews estimates of biomass consumption and supply in India. Next, it discusses the status of biomass technologies in India, including traditional biomass use, bagasse-based cogeneration, biomass gasifiers, and megawatt-scale grid-connected power generation. It concludes by reviewing India's biofuels industries, including the development of jatropha plantations and barriers to implementing biodiesel programs.
This document summarizes information about biodiesel, including its production process from vegetable oils and animal fats, its properties, applications as a fuel blended with petroleum diesel or used in pure form in certain engines, economic and environmental impacts, and global policies supporting biodiesel production and use. While biodiesel provides benefits like reduced greenhouse gas emissions and decreased dependence on oil imports, its production has also been linked to negative environmental consequences such as deforestation if crops are grown on cleared rainforest lands.
Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Palm Oil Biodiesel in a Diesel...ijtsrd
The majority of petroleum products are utilised in automobiles, and an alarming problem of outflow is the thickening of vehicles in urban areas. An alternate fuel option is biodiesel. A renewable and generally domestic source, such as fresh or used vegetable oil or animal fats, are trans esterified with an alcohol methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to create biodiesel. It has been demonstrated that using biodiesel lowers engine emissions of SOx, CO, and particulate matter PM . It has been shown that biodiesel lowers the emission of CO, CO2, and hydrocarbons. Among all current raw materials, palm oil contains a high concentration of palmitic and oleic acids, which are generally acknowledged as the best sources for biodiesel synthesis. In this Present work, Experiments were carried out in this thesis on a compresses injection internal combustion engine and a naturally aspirated diesel engine to investigate the performance characteristics and production of biodiesel and its mixes derived from Palm Biodiesel. Experiments with only 10 and 20 blending with diesel fuels were carried out. Results revealed that at 1500 rpm constant engine speed, the brakes thermal efficiency of B10 and B20 is comparable to or lower than diesel fuel. The thermal efficiency of B20 brakes was found to be more equivalent to diesel. More blending are necessary for a thorough knowledge of brake thermal efficiency. Also, the fuel consumption of B10 and B20 has risen in comparison to diesel. It was discovered that at the same braking load, the engine used more fuel B10 and B 20 than standard diesel fuel. Prof. V. K. Nema | Deepak Kumar Sahu "Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Palm Oil Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52359.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/52359/experimental-investigation-on-the-influence-of-palm-oil-biodiesel-in-a-diesel-engine/prof-v-k-nema
Forbes: Biofuels' Bright Future by Will Thurmond, Emerging Markets Online www...Will Thurmond
Published in Forbes magazine. Written by Will Thurmond, CEO, Emerging Markets Online. Author, Algae 2020 and Biodiesel 2020 studies of biofuels markets, feedstocks and technologies, For more information, visit www.emerging-markets.com
India has committed to reducing its emissions intensity by 20-25% below 2005 levels by 2020 through reducing emissions from energy use and increasing forestry measures. Key areas of investment opportunities in India include renewable energy such as wind and solar, energy efficiency, forestry projects, and CDM projects that provide carbon offsets. India has also introduced a clean energy tax on coal to fund emissions reduction programs and established regulatory frameworks around renewable energy goals and trading schemes.
The document discusses biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels. It outlines two main types of biofuels - bioethanol and biodiesel. Bioethanol is produced from plant materials like sugarcane, corn, and grains through fermentation. Biodiesel is produced from oilseeds like Jatropha seeds which contain 27-40% oil. The document also discusses various countries' approaches to biofuel production, including Brazil which produces bioethanol from sugarcane, and India which blends ethanol produced from sugarcane byproducts into gasoline. While biofuels provide benefits, their large-scale production could increase competition for land and water resources.
This document discusses India's climate change initiatives and expectations for financing from the upcoming Paris Climate Summit. It notes that the summit provides an opportunity to craft a fair agreement for implementing the UNFCCC. For developing countries like India, one key issue is strengthening climate finance and ensuring developed countries provide financial support. India has invested over $230 billion in its National Action Plan on Climate Change and state-level plans. It estimates needing $2.5 trillion between now and 2030 to meet its climate goals. At the summit, India will look for an equitable agreement that upholds the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and fulfills developed countries' financing commitments.
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and recycled cooking oil. It is cleaner burning and more environmentally friendly than petroleum diesel. Pakistan aims to replace 5% of its diesel consumption with biodiesel by 2015 and 10% by 2025 in order to reduce pollution, promote the use of domestic renewable resources, and develop its biodiesel industry. Pakistan State Oil, the largest fuel supplier, has conducted successful biodiesel production trials and aims to significantly participate in blending biodiesel with petroleum diesel to meet the country's targets.
Presentation on progress and recent trends in biodiesel (2)Hari Roy
The document discusses biodiesel development and implementation in India. It begins with an introduction about the scarcity of fossil fuels and benefits of renewable biofuels. It then outlines India's national biofuel mission and progress including biodiesel blending programs and test runs of biodiesel in trains and vehicles. The document also covers advantages of biodiesel like being environmentally friendly, disadvantages like higher costs. Key challenges discussed are land availability and price competitiveness. It concludes by stating biodiesel's potential as a renewable and less polluting fuel.
The document is about a sustainability consulting firm called Sustainability Knowledge Group. It provides sustainability and CSR services like coaching, consulting, reporting, and training. It has clients in various industries and operates in several countries. The document also discusses India's progress in achieving sustainability goals like reducing poverty and improving access to resources while addressing environmental challenges through policies and businesses' CSR activities.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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Renewable Energy industry in india – a Path towards SustainabilityDr. Roger Achkar
India has traditionally relied heavily on non-renewable energy sources like coal, but is now shifting towards renewable sources to reduce emissions and tackle climate change. The government has set a target of installing 175 GW of renewable capacity by 2022, including 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind. Between 2010-2020, renewable energy consumption grew at a CAGR of 7.96% in India. While non-renewables still dominate energy consumption, the share of renewables has increased from 5.94% to 9.12% in the past decade. As of May 2021, India's total installed renewable capacity was 141.9 GW, with solar and wind being the largest components.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Biogas as a sustainable alternative for current energy need of india.Sandip Magdum
This document discusses biogas as a sustainable energy alternative for India. It notes that India's per capita energy consumption is declining while its population increases, straining the economy. Biogas production from organic waste has benefits like waste management, fertilizer production, healthcare, employment, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The document argues that biogas can help meet India's growing energy needs in a sustainable way by decentralizing production in rural areas and centralizing it in urban areas. Overall, biogas is presented as an ideal renewable energy source that can provide social, economic, and environmental benefits for India.
Biodiesel 2020, Vol 2 tracks the U.S. and global markets for biodiesel growth, details major feedstock trends, and provides analysis of biodiesel consumption and production trends. Europe, China, India and Brazil are also covered as case studies. Proprietary forecasts developed for this study are also used to produce 2020 "Scenarios" for the U.S., Europe, China, India and Brazil. The widely acclaimed Biodiesel 2020 study has been featured in the Financial Times, Wall Street Journal, Business 2.0, Biodiesel magazine, Reuters TV, Fox News Energy Week, Biofuels International, Renewable Energy Access, The Futurist, and on Finland's TV network 'N" news. For more information, or a consultation, visit http://www.emerging-markets.com
Biodiesel 2020, 2nd edition provides an update on the first study; further explores feedstock trends and provides detailed analysis of the current transition from 1st generation biodiesel markets to 2nd generation markets for biodiesel, renewable diesel and biomass to liquids for biodiesel projects.
This document discusses India's energy landscape and opportunities for liquid fuels from sugarcane. It notes that India imports a large portion of its energy needs and is seeking to boost domestic production. Sugarcane is discussed as a feedstock for ethanol, butanol, methanol, and hydrogen. The sugar industry has become more integrated as a biorefinery model. Opportunities exist to increase ethanol production to meet blending mandates and fuel demand through increasing sugarcane acreage and yields. Other liquid fuels like butanol and methanol are mentioned as alternatives that can be produced from sugarcane.
India and China both rely heavily on oil and natural gas, importing a significant portion of their needs. Both countries are pursuing strategies to increase domestic production and diversify foreign sources to improve energy security. This includes China's investments in overseas oil assets and pipelines. There is also tension as both countries' hydrocarbon demands rise and compete for the same sea lanes and regions like the South China Sea.
The document outlines Indonesia's roadmap and regulations for its bioenergy program. Key points include:
1) A shift towards a renewable energy based, sustainable economy that utilizes energy resources for national development rather than export.
2) Targets for increasing portions of gas, coal, and renewable energy in the energy mix by 2025 and 2050 according to the National Energy Policy and Presidential Decree.
3) Plans to increase biofuel production and utilization, including biodiesel blending targets of 30% by 2025, to enhance energy independence and economic benefits.
N.S. EPC Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. incorporated entity (erstwhile brand of N.S. Consultants) founded by Sushil Sharma and N. Nagaraja in 2005. Presently Mr. Sushil Sharma being the Executive Director & CEO of the Company joined by Mr. B.B.Pathak- Director-Operations & Principal Consultant, Er. Archit Sharma- Director-Technical and Ms. Aadya Sharma- Director-HR came stakeholder as well. It is a leading EPC company providing solutions and consultancy for Ethanol Plants in India. The company is having best team composition for grain-based distillery. Consultancy Advisory of the company will facilitate the ‘Improved Profit Margin’ of the Ethanol Plants in India. For any service related to the manufacturing of Ethanol plant, we will be happy to help and serve you for improved margins with improved output at the most optimized cost. The company is into Engineering, Procurement, and Construction and have been leading the change in providing ‘Green Energy Solutions’ to an extensive and diverse array of Industry. Well equipped with large infrastructure, vast experience, and expertise we have a proven track record in undertaking large turnkey projects and a variety of integrated comprehensive designs to deliver solutions to diverse Polymers, Chemical, and Process Industries with a major emphasis on the continuous improvement, development, and application of Biodegradable Products Biofuels, Bioethanol, and Biomass driven processes. As turnkey project suppliers, the company provided ‘Single-Point Solutions Provider’ for the entire spectrum of the plant design and build – right from evaluation, assessment, planning of business opportunities, and financing to Pre-Construction feasibility studies for complete Installation including Commissioning, Operation & Maintenance assistance.https://nsepc.in, #ethanolconsultantsindia
#EthanolEPCcompaniesIndia
#EthanolplantConsultants
#GrainbasedDistilleryConsultants
#ProfitmargininethanolplantinIndia
#EthanolplantmanufacturersinIndia
This document summarizes a research paper analyzing the sustainability opportunities and challenges of the biofuels industry in India. The paper aims to answer three questions: 1) What are some significant sustainability opportunities and challenges of the biofuels industry? 2) What is the current state of biofuel operations in India? 3) What initial steps can be taken toward sustainable biofuel development? The response analyzes strategic sustainable development approaches and tools like the Natural Step Framework. Key points discussed include economic, environmental and social sustainability assessments of biomass and biofuels, including issues of profitability, efficiency, equity, energy balance, greenhouse gas emissions and life cycle assessments. Challenges in implementing ethanol blending programs in India like taxation and availability of
Bioethanol from sugarcane has become a major source of energy due to concerns over food shortages from other biofuel feedstocks. Vietnam has great potential for biofuel production from its sugarcane, cassava, agricultural residues and cellulosic biomass. Two ethanol plants are planned to begin operations in 2008-2009, producing ethanol from sugarcane molasses and cassava, while biodiesel may be produced from catfish oil, used cooking oil, and Jatropha oil.
This document summarizes a literature review of biomass resources and bio-fuels industries in India. It begins by providing background on biomass energy use in India, noting that biomass meets the cooking energy needs of most rural households and 50% of urban households. It then reviews estimates of biomass consumption and supply in India. Next, it discusses the status of biomass technologies in India, including traditional biomass use, bagasse-based cogeneration, biomass gasifiers, and megawatt-scale grid-connected power generation. It concludes by reviewing India's biofuels industries, including the development of jatropha plantations and barriers to implementing biodiesel programs.
This document summarizes information about biodiesel, including its production process from vegetable oils and animal fats, its properties, applications as a fuel blended with petroleum diesel or used in pure form in certain engines, economic and environmental impacts, and global policies supporting biodiesel production and use. While biodiesel provides benefits like reduced greenhouse gas emissions and decreased dependence on oil imports, its production has also been linked to negative environmental consequences such as deforestation if crops are grown on cleared rainforest lands.
Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Palm Oil Biodiesel in a Diesel...ijtsrd
The majority of petroleum products are utilised in automobiles, and an alarming problem of outflow is the thickening of vehicles in urban areas. An alternate fuel option is biodiesel. A renewable and generally domestic source, such as fresh or used vegetable oil or animal fats, are trans esterified with an alcohol methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to create biodiesel. It has been demonstrated that using biodiesel lowers engine emissions of SOx, CO, and particulate matter PM . It has been shown that biodiesel lowers the emission of CO, CO2, and hydrocarbons. Among all current raw materials, palm oil contains a high concentration of palmitic and oleic acids, which are generally acknowledged as the best sources for biodiesel synthesis. In this Present work, Experiments were carried out in this thesis on a compresses injection internal combustion engine and a naturally aspirated diesel engine to investigate the performance characteristics and production of biodiesel and its mixes derived from Palm Biodiesel. Experiments with only 10 and 20 blending with diesel fuels were carried out. Results revealed that at 1500 rpm constant engine speed, the brakes thermal efficiency of B10 and B20 is comparable to or lower than diesel fuel. The thermal efficiency of B20 brakes was found to be more equivalent to diesel. More blending are necessary for a thorough knowledge of brake thermal efficiency. Also, the fuel consumption of B10 and B20 has risen in comparison to diesel. It was discovered that at the same braking load, the engine used more fuel B10 and B 20 than standard diesel fuel. Prof. V. K. Nema | Deepak Kumar Sahu "Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Palm Oil Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52359.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/52359/experimental-investigation-on-the-influence-of-palm-oil-biodiesel-in-a-diesel-engine/prof-v-k-nema
Forbes: Biofuels' Bright Future by Will Thurmond, Emerging Markets Online www...Will Thurmond
Published in Forbes magazine. Written by Will Thurmond, CEO, Emerging Markets Online. Author, Algae 2020 and Biodiesel 2020 studies of biofuels markets, feedstocks and technologies, For more information, visit www.emerging-markets.com
India has committed to reducing its emissions intensity by 20-25% below 2005 levels by 2020 through reducing emissions from energy use and increasing forestry measures. Key areas of investment opportunities in India include renewable energy such as wind and solar, energy efficiency, forestry projects, and CDM projects that provide carbon offsets. India has also introduced a clean energy tax on coal to fund emissions reduction programs and established regulatory frameworks around renewable energy goals and trading schemes.
The document discusses biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels. It outlines two main types of biofuels - bioethanol and biodiesel. Bioethanol is produced from plant materials like sugarcane, corn, and grains through fermentation. Biodiesel is produced from oilseeds like Jatropha seeds which contain 27-40% oil. The document also discusses various countries' approaches to biofuel production, including Brazil which produces bioethanol from sugarcane, and India which blends ethanol produced from sugarcane byproducts into gasoline. While biofuels provide benefits, their large-scale production could increase competition for land and water resources.
This document discusses India's climate change initiatives and expectations for financing from the upcoming Paris Climate Summit. It notes that the summit provides an opportunity to craft a fair agreement for implementing the UNFCCC. For developing countries like India, one key issue is strengthening climate finance and ensuring developed countries provide financial support. India has invested over $230 billion in its National Action Plan on Climate Change and state-level plans. It estimates needing $2.5 trillion between now and 2030 to meet its climate goals. At the summit, India will look for an equitable agreement that upholds the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and fulfills developed countries' financing commitments.
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and recycled cooking oil. It is cleaner burning and more environmentally friendly than petroleum diesel. Pakistan aims to replace 5% of its diesel consumption with biodiesel by 2015 and 10% by 2025 in order to reduce pollution, promote the use of domestic renewable resources, and develop its biodiesel industry. Pakistan State Oil, the largest fuel supplier, has conducted successful biodiesel production trials and aims to significantly participate in blending biodiesel with petroleum diesel to meet the country's targets.
Presentation on progress and recent trends in biodiesel (2)Hari Roy
The document discusses biodiesel development and implementation in India. It begins with an introduction about the scarcity of fossil fuels and benefits of renewable biofuels. It then outlines India's national biofuel mission and progress including biodiesel blending programs and test runs of biodiesel in trains and vehicles. The document also covers advantages of biodiesel like being environmentally friendly, disadvantages like higher costs. Key challenges discussed are land availability and price competitiveness. It concludes by stating biodiesel's potential as a renewable and less polluting fuel.
The document is about a sustainability consulting firm called Sustainability Knowledge Group. It provides sustainability and CSR services like coaching, consulting, reporting, and training. It has clients in various industries and operates in several countries. The document also discusses India's progress in achieving sustainability goals like reducing poverty and improving access to resources while addressing environmental challenges through policies and businesses' CSR activities.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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Renewable Energy industry in india – a Path towards SustainabilityDr. Roger Achkar
India has traditionally relied heavily on non-renewable energy sources like coal, but is now shifting towards renewable sources to reduce emissions and tackle climate change. The government has set a target of installing 175 GW of renewable capacity by 2022, including 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind. Between 2010-2020, renewable energy consumption grew at a CAGR of 7.96% in India. While non-renewables still dominate energy consumption, the share of renewables has increased from 5.94% to 9.12% in the past decade. As of May 2021, India's total installed renewable capacity was 141.9 GW, with solar and wind being the largest components.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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1.1. Biofuel Policy
1.1.1. History of Biofuel in India
India began its biofuel programme more than a
decade ago and has since implemented many
regulatory initiatives to boost biofuels. In 2002, India
introduced its "Ethanol Blending Programme,"
mandating a 5% ethanol (E5) mix with fuel in nine
states and four union territories beginning in January
2003 [5]. In July 2002, India's Planning Commission
established a Committee on Biofuel Development.
The Committee's report, issued in 2003, advised that
India gradually move toward greater objectives for
biofuel blending, including expanding the ethanol
blending scheme.
Figure 1 Primary Energy Demands of India in
2016
However, because to a lack of bioethanol supply, the
5% blending demand for ethanol could not be
satisfied; in October 2004, the mandate was revised to
"require E5 blends only when enough ethanol
supplies were available" [7]. The 5% blending
mandate was increased in 2006 to encompass 20
states and 8 union territories; however, this objective
was not attained due to a lack of bioethanol supply.
The Union Cabinet established a 5% blending
objective for the country in September 2008.
Although the 5% aim could not be met, the
government established a 10% blending target in
October 2008.
The 2003 Planning Commission report advocated the
establishment of a National Mission on Biodiesel
based on non-edible oil and recognised Jatropha
curcas as the best tree-borne oilseed for biodiesel
production [8]. One of the Mission's goals was to
progressively increase the blending objective to 20%
by 2012. The Planning Commission calculated that
11.2 million hectares of land would be needed for
Jatropha planting in order to meet the 20% objective
by 2012, and identified 13.4 million hectares of land
that may be used for cultivation. The Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Gas issued a biodiesel
purchasing policy in October 2005, requiring Oil
Marketing Companies to source biodiesel in the
nation for blending with diesel beginning in January
2006.
The Government of India approved India's National
Biofuel Policy in December 2009 in order to
strengthen the country's faltering ethanol and
biodiesel blending programs.
1.1.2. National Biofuel Policy
The policy's goal is to assure the easy supply of
biofuels to satisfy demand, and it has suggested an
indicative target of 20% biofuel blending, both for
biodiesel and bioethanol, by 2017. The biodiesel
blending objective was planned to be optional, but the
bioethanol aim was supposed to be required.
The following are notable aspects of the biofuel
policy:
1. Biofuels will be based only on non-food
feedstocks grown in degraded or wastelands
unsuitable for agriculture, avoiding a potential
conflict between fuel and food security.
2. A Minimum Support Price will stimulate the
cultivation / planting of non-edible oil seeds for
the production of biodiesel.
3. Plantations that supply feedstock for biodiesel
and bio-ethanol will be supported by a Minimum
Support Price for the non-edible oil seeds used to
create bio-diesel. In addition, relevant financial
and fiscal measures will be considered from time
to time to boost the country's biofuel
development.
4. Research, development, and demonstration will
be supported in many elements of biofuel
feedstock production and processing, including
the creation of second generation biofuels.
The Policy Paper also includes interventions and
enabling systems for plantings, processing,
distribution, and marketing, finance, financial and
fiscal incentives, and R&D.
However, the biofuel business is now in a deplorable
stage of development. The 5% blending aim for
ethanol has proven elusive till now. Biodiesel
blending in the nation remains minimal; only around
500,000 hectares of Jatropha have been planted so far,
and biodiesel output in the country is low [9].
1.2. Biofuel Resources
Bio-fuel is most usually characterised as a renewable
energy source derived from biological materials or
biomass, such as sugar cane, corn, or vegetable oils.
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Bio-strategic fuel's objective is to augment or perhaps
replace fossil fuels. However, the policies emphasise
the utilisation of non-food biomass for biofuels. India
offers a multitude of species that may be produced
from traditional oil seeds, woody materials,
agricultural waste, and municipal trash. In fact, India
has approximately300 oil-seed producing tree species
[10].
India is rich in biomass, and the bulk of the Indian
people has traditionally used biofuels inefficiently,
resulting in a couple of severe societal concerns,
mainly the health implications of air pollution.
Appropriate technology for making biofuels available
to the public, as well as their successful use, would
have a substantial influence on India's socioeconomic
situation. Technologies for producing biofuels include
the following:
1. Energy plantation
2. Accumulation and/or reclamation of wastes
3. Conversion of biomass to bio-fuels
A. Using mechanical process
i. Extraction (Eg. bio-diesel)
ii. Compression (Eg. Pelletization)
B. Using chemical process
i. Liquefaction (Eg. Conversion of cellulosic
biomass to oil)
ii. pressurized water reactor in a hydrothermal
medium
a) hydrolysis
b) fractionation
c) gasification and
d) reaction
C. Using bacteria (Eg. Bio gasification through
biomethanisation)
D. Using algae for Conversion of micro-algal
biomass to biofuels
i. Oil extraction from microalgae
ii. Microalgae wastewater treatment
a) Hydrothermal gasification
b) super-critical water as reaction medium
c) ultrasonic treatment
Bio-fuels utilization technologies include the
following:
1. Direct burning, combustion or gasification for
heating or power generation or both
(cogeneration)
a) Co-firing along with fossil fuel(s)
b) Fluidized bed
c) Transported bed
d) Circulating fluid bed
e) Ablative (vortex and rotating blade)
f) Rotating cone
g) Vacuum
2. Bio-gas for cooking or fuel cells for power
generation or co-generation
3. Transport fuels
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The rising need for fuel, rising energy carrier prices,
and limited resources have created a severe challenge
for science and technology [1]. Due to its widespread
use in heavy-duty transport vehicles, rail transit
networks, agricultural machinery, and construction
equipment, diesel fuel is recognised as a crucial fuel
in many nations [2, 3]. Diesel fuel, on the other hand,
is a major polluter due to the presence of various
hydrocarbons, sulphur, and crude oil residues [2].
Best wealthy nations have now shifted toward mass
production and commercialization of bio-energy as
the most sustainable way to address the
aforementioned concerns [1]. Among the many kinds
of bio-energy, biodiesel has received a lot of attention
as the ultimate solution for partially or totally
replacing petro-diesel and thereby lowering
combustion emissions [3, 4]. Biodiesel is made by
Trans-esterifying renewable and typically domestic
sources like vegetable oil (fresh or waste) or animal
fats with an alcohol (methanol or ethanol) in the
presence of a catalyst. The use of biodiesel has been
shown to reduce engine emissions such as particulate
matter (PM), CO, and SOx.
This Chapter will examine the potential for biofuels
to offset the use of fossil fuels while reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
Obed M. Ali [4] has considered that the Depleting
non-renewable energy source sources joined by
constantly developing vitality requests lead to
expanded enthusiasm for elective vitality sources.
Mixed biodiesel fuel has been endorsed as a business
fuel at a low mixing proportion. Be that as it may,
issues identified with fuel properties are diligent at
high mixing proportions. Thus, in this examination,
the achievability of biodiesel created from palm oil
was researched. Portrayal of mixed fuel properties
with expanding palm biodiesel proportion is led to
assess motor execution test outcomes. The passing of
mixed fuel properties was utilized to show the most
extreme mixing proportion reasonable for use in
unmodified diesel motors as per the mixed fuel
standard ASTM D7467. The property test outcomes
uncovered that mixed fuel properties satisfy mixed
fuel guideline necessities at up to 30% palm oil
biodiesel. Moreover, mixing is productive for
decrease of the pour point from 14 for unblended
biodiesel to not exactly at a 30% biodiesel mixing
ratio. However, the vitality substance decreases by
about 1.42% for each 10% augmentation of biodiesel.
Motor test outcomes showed that there was no
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measurably huge contrast for motor brake warm
productivity among tried mixed energizes contrasted
with mineral diesel, and the least motor cyclic variety
was accomplished with mixed fuel B30.
Sateesh Yalavarthi et al.[12] has examined the
option of oxygenated mixes to diesel, supply extra
oxygen which results in all the more consuming of
the fuel and along these lines diminishing emanations.
In the present investigation, two oxygenated mixes,
for example, Ethoxy ethanol and Ethylene glycol are
considered on a 3.7KW, water cooled, and Kirloskar
motor. The chose oxygenated mixes are mixed with
diesel fuel in extents of 5% and 10% by volume and
the test study is directed to assess the exhibition and
emanations of the diesel motor. The information
acquired is contrasted and the traditional diesel fuel
and the outcomes uncover that Brake Thermal
Efficiency (BTE) diminished with increment in the
mix rate.
E. Mensah et al.[6] has considered that the motor
execution utilizing biodiesel from waste palm piece
oil (WPKO) and blended waste vegetable oils
(WVOs), which were contrasted and diesel fuel. A
four stroke single chamber air cooled diesel motor
was utilized. The motor execution was controlled by
estimating brake control, brake explicit fuel
utilization, warm productivity and fumes temperature.
The properties of the biodiesel mixes were
additionally decided in the lab. Among the properties
decided, sulphur substance and cetane record
demonstrated some huge contrasts in qualities
between the biodiesel mixes and diesel fuel. The
outcomes demonstrated that BM10 (90% diesel +
10% blended WVO biodiesel) and BM5 (95% diesel
+ 5% blended WVO biodiesel) mixes demonstrated
the least sulphur substance of 113.6 ppm and 1290
ppm individually contrasted with 1348 ppm for diesel
fuel. For cetane list, both biodiesel mixes of WPKO
and blended WVOs gave higher qualities than diesel
fuel. As far as motor execution, BPK10 (90%
diesel+10% waste palm part oil) and BPK20 (80%
diesel+20% waste palm portion oil) showed higher
brake control, higher warm proficiency yet lower
fumes temperatures at all motor stacking conditions.
Brake explicit fuel utilization was lower much of the
time for BPK10 and BPK20 mixes than the remainder
of different mixes. Thusly, it very well may be
presumed that 10% and 20% mixes of waste palm
piece oils (BPK10 and BPK20) can be utilized as an
elective fuel in diesel motor with no huge adjustment
of the motor and that the consistency of BPK20 was
like that of diesel fuel.
M. Habibullahet al.[13 ] has studiedthat Biodiesel is
an inexhaustible and practical elective non-renewable
energy source that is gotten from vegetable oils and
creature fats. This examination researches the
generation, portrayal, and impact of biodiesel mixes
from two unmistakable feedstocks, in particular, palm
and coconut (PB30 and CB30), on motors. To total
the upsides of high start nature of palm and high
oxygen substance of coconut, joined mix of this two
biodiesels (PB15CB15) is inspected to assess its
impact on motor execution and emanation attributes.
Biodiesels are delivered utilizing the soluble base
catalyzed trans esterification process. Different physic
substance properties are estimated and contrasted and
the ASTM D6751 standard. A 10 kW, level, single-
chamber, four-stroke, and direct-infusion diesel motor
is utilized under a full load and changing velocity
conditions. Biodiesel mixes produce a low brake
torque and high brake-explicit fuel utilization
(BSFC). Nonetheless, all emanations, aside from
NOx, are altogether decreased. PB15CB15 improves
brake torque and power yield while decreasing BSFC
and NOx discharges when contrasted and CB30. In
the interim, contrasted and PB30, PB15CB15 lessens
CO and HC emanations while improving brake
thermal proficiency. The trial investigation uncovers
that the joined mix of palm and coconut oil indicates
better execution and outflow over individual coconut
and palm biodiesel mixes
KhiraiyaKrunal B. et al.[8] has contemplated that
India has extraordinary potential for creation of
biodiesel from non-eatable oil seeds. From around
100 assortments of oil seeds, just 10-12 assortments
have been tapped up until now. The yearly assessed
potential is around 20 million tons for every annum.
Wild harvests developed in the west land likewise
structure a wellspring of biodiesel creation in India
and as per the Economic Survey of Government of
India, out of the developed land zone, around 175
million hectares are delegated waste and corrupted
land. In this manner, given an interest based market,
India can without much of a stretch tap its potential
and produce biodiesel in a huge scale.
Stewart et al.[14] has considered that the vegetable
oils incorporate soyabean oil, cottonseed oil,
sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, linseed oil,
jatropha oil, neem oil and mahua oil. There are in
excess of 350 oil bearing harvests recognized whose
cetane number and calorific worth are practically
identical with those of diesel energizes and are perfect
with material vehicle fuel framework. Vegetable oil is
of exceptional intrigue since it has appeared to
fundamentally diminish particulate discharge in
respect to oil diesel. Late examinations demonstrates
that cetane number, sweet-smelling substance and
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type, sulfur content, thickness are significant factor
for outflow control.
Donghui Lu et al. [10] This paper is to learn about
the various kinds of folios utilized for pelletization for
various sorts of biomass various covers, for example,
bentonite, rough glycerol, wood buildup and
lignosulfonate were tried and see the advantages of
utilizing these covers in pellets for the capacity and
transportation. Pellets of wheat straw with bentonite,
wood buildup, and lignosulfonate were gotten and the
properties, for example, explicit vitality utilization,
compound sythesis, rigidity, slag content, calorific
worth and dimensional soundness of the pellets were
resolved.
Results demonstrated that the particular vitality
utilization for wheat straw palletisation fundamentally
diminished with the expansion of lignosulfonate,
bentonite, wood build-up, and pre-treated wood build-
up with rough glycerol. With the expansion of folios
the elasticity of wheat straw pellets was improved
with qualities going from 1.13 to 1.63 MPa. The
expansion of both pre-treated and non-pre-treated
wood build-up fundamentally diminished the fiery
debris substance of wheat straw pellets.
C.S. Rani et al. [11] this paper learn about the water
bubbling test for the different biomass pellets. The
notable Water Boiling Test (WBT) is an unpleasant
re-enactment of the cooking procedure that
encourages stove planners to see how vitality is
moved from the fuel to the cooking pot. It tends to be
performed on a large portion of the stoves all through
the world. It is straightforward test which aides in
institutionalization and replicable trial of various that
are made for various cooking applications.
The Water Boiling Test (WBT) comprises of three
stages that quickly pursue one another.
1. In the principal test, the chilly start high-control
test, in this the stove is at room temperature and a
determined measure of fuel to heat up a given
measure of water in a standard pot. This bubbled
water at that point supplanted with new chilly
water for further testing.
2. The second test, the hot-start high-control test,
this test is following the main test while stove is
as yet hot. Once more, a similar measure of fuel is
consume to bubble same measure of water. This
test discovers contrasts in execution of a stove
under these two conditions.
3. The third stage is soon after the second one in this
we decides the measure of fuel required to stew a
given measure of water at just beneath bubbling
for 55 minutes. This progression mimics the long
cooking of vegetables' a significant part of the
world. The yields of above test are:
time to bubble
burning rate
Explicit fuel utilization and warm effectiveness
This section incorporates all the exhibition parameter,
chart and their trademark with one another and talk of
it. In this test surrounding temperature is measure and
after that in the interim of 1 min take a perusing of
bubbling water temp by utilizing thermocouple and it
is increment with time straight. Rice husk take normal
13.20 min to bubble of 1kg of water and wooden
pellets take normal 6.56 min to bubble 2 kg of water.
Jaya Shankar et al. [12] The point of this
examination is to discover the impact of pellet kick
the bucket distance across on the strength and
thickness of the pellets produced using high
dampness herbaceous (for example wheat straw,
vitality sorghum and corn Stover) and woody
biomass. The pellets are made utilizing two
distinctive bite the dust breadths for example 8 mm
and 10 mm for a high dampness content (33%)
biomass. Anyway palletisation speeds and
introductory temperature kept steady for a wide range
of test. The outcome demonstrates that 8 mm breadth
kick the bucket brings about high dampness
misfortune when contrasted with the 10 mm
measurement pass on for woody biomass.
Additionally 10 mm distance across bites the dust
bring about higher thickness pellets aside from corn
Stover yet the toughness of all the example decline
with the expansion in the pass on breadth.
Reberto Gsrcia et al. [13] The reason for
investigation of this paper is to discover the impacts
of various strong lignin rich added substances like
Grape Pomace (GP), cocoa shell, miscanthus, olive
stone and olive pomace. Pine sawdust (PIN) and its
terrified partner (PINT) were utilized for testing
because of their broad effectively accessibility. The
outcome acquired from the analysis demonstrates that
on blending lignin-rich added substance such GP
increment the coupling limit of the biomass when
contrasted with crude PIN and PINT. However,
because of higher sulphur content in GP its amount is
restricted to 10 to 20 wt%. Additionally a limited
quantity of GP is a reasonable added substance to
upgrade the HHV particularly for unnerved example.
Wei yang et al. [14] this paper is to contemplate the
impacts of various covers and minerals on emanation
of particulate issue (PM) on burning of biomass
pellets. This investigation is finished utilizing a fixed
bed combustor alongside Dekati low weight impactor
and use cotton stalk pellets with various covers and
minerals. The outcome demonstrates that including
the Diatomite fastener lessens the discharge of PM,
though utilization of Ca (OH) 2 advances the
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arrangement of PM. Additionally Calcium
lignosulfonate and CMC likewise increment PM
development at different degree.
Jindaporn Jamradloedluk et al. [15] this paper is to
contemplate the impacts of folio type and blending
proportion on the diverse biomass pellets. The pellets
are produced using (for example natural product shell,
eucalyptus, and papaya and so on.) and utilizing
various covers (for example cashew nut, shell fluid,
dammar and so forth.). The outcome demonstrates
that the blending proportion has no criticalness
consequences for the thickness and mechanical
properties of the pellets created. Though the pellets
framed utilizing cashew nutshell fluid gives better
mechanical properties (for example yield quality,
most extreme pressure, greatest power and so on.) and
the pellets arranged utilizing dammar as a folio
demonstrates the higher warm productivity.
III. CONCLUSIONS
This article has shown that, despite legislation,
resources, and technology, the demand for biofuels
still outweighs their contribution to the existing fuel
mix. The development of biofuels in India faces a
variety of difficulties (and other parts of the world).
The following market obstacles serve as a concise
summary of the primary market restraints unique to
biofuels:
Economic hindrances: The cost of producing
biofuels is still high, and positive externalities are
not costed.
Technical difficulties: Some biofuels'
conservation methods are still in their infancy,
and the fuel quality is not yet consistent (e.g. for
synthetic biofuels.)
Trade obstacles: Some biofuels still don't have
quality standards in place.
Barriers related to infrastructure: Depending on
the kind of biofuel, new or modified
infrastructures are required. Particularly the use of
biomethane and biohydrogen.
Moral obstacles: Food supplies may be in
competition with biomass feedstock sources.
Knowledge gaps: Politicians and members of the
general public both lack information on biofuels.
Political impediments: Government subsidies for
kerosene continue to encourage its inefficient and
occasionally unlawful use, even though the target
population might have benefited just as much or
more from the use of biofuels if political will and
policy had been in place.
Conflict of interest: Disagreement between first-
and second-generation "promoters" The general
development of biofuels may be hampered by
biofuels.
In conclusion, future palm-biodiesel advances will
probably concentrate on striking a balance between
commercial demands and societal and consumer
views. Currently, efforts are being made to find
additional green biodiesel sources. Because they are
less expensive, more readily available, abundant,
environmentally friendly, and have no impact on food
security, this study suggests using mill effluent and
by-products from the palm oil industry as possible
biodiesel source materials. There aren't many
technologies that have been developed that still have
room for improvement. New research possibilities to
enhance product quality and address other issues,
including environmental issues, will be made possible
by a number of major challenges. For the foreseeable
future, a thorough investigation is still necessary.
The best currently available raw materials, palm oil
has the highest content of the widely regarded
palmitic and oleic acids.
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