This document provides an overview of the shrimp sector in Bangladesh. It finds that while shrimp production and exports have increased substantially in recent decades, generating employment and foreign earnings, the sector faces several challenges. These include environmental degradation from intensive farming methods, bans on exports due to antibiotic contamination in shrimp, and generally low yields from traditional cultivation practices. The document conducts a gendered value chain analysis of the shrimp sector to understand how women and men participate differently and receive unequal benefits, with the goal of developing policies to maximize opportunities for vulnerable groups.
AATF provides concise summaries in 3 sentences or less that provide the high level and essential information from the document.
The document discusses AATF's work over the past decade to improve access to agricultural technologies for smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa through partnerships. AATF negotiates access to proprietary technologies, manages their development and deployment, and ensures their sustainable use. Key projects include developing striga-resistant maize, banana resistant to bacterial wilt disease, and water efficient rice varieties.
NASFAM is Malawi's largest smallholder farmers' organization with over 100,000 members. Most members have small land holdings and rely on rain-fed subsistence farming. Food insecurity is a major challenge in Malawi due to low agricultural productivity, poverty, and frequent droughts exacerbated by climate change. Long-term strategies to address food insecurity include increasing productivity through irrigation, crop diversification, improved seeds, and linking farmers to markets.
Introduction of orange flesh sweet potato in aquatic agricultural systems val...WorldFish
Presented by WorldFish scientist Sonia Allauca recently at the 'Value Chain Study Results Presentation and Strategy Formulation', held at the BRAC Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh, on the 12th and 13th of November. It was later presented at the 'Sweetpotato Value Chain Strategy as a core component of nutrition promotion and women enterprise development', which was held from the 11th to the 13th of February, 2013, in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
The document discusses increasing genetic gains in farmers' fields in Africa through public sector crop breeding programs. It notes that current rates of genetic gain achieved by these programs are suboptimal. The key points are:
1. Genetic gain is measured as the annual increase in productivity due to breeding, but is difficult to measure directly in farmers' fields. Estimates suggest average genetic gains of around 0.3% per year for maize in Africa.
2. Higher genetic gains over the long term can transform agriculture by providing steady improvements, effective climate adaptation, and reduced environmental impacts. However, rates of 1-2% per year are needed to have significant impacts.
3. To increase genetic gains, public breeding
The document discusses the future of Indian agriculture and the role of the Indian seed industry. It notes that while food grain and oilseed production has increased substantially over the past 40 years, growth has not been adequate to meet future demand. Key challenges include low productivity compared to other countries, lack of technological interventions, issues with government policies and regulation, and labor shortages. Addressing these challenges will require using superior planting materials, agronomic innovations tailored to specific genotypes, and expanding extension services. Public-private partnerships can help disseminate best practices to farmers and increase yields. The seed industry will play a major role through developing high-yielding varieties and hybrids, utilizing new breeding technologies, and advocating for policy reforms that incent
The presentation summarizes the status of hybrid seed production in Bangladesh. It outlines the major public and private sector organizations involved in seed production, including Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), Lal Teer Seed, Advanced Chemical Industries (ACI), Giant Agro Processing Ltd., and Supreme Seed Company. It provides details on the varieties and quantities of seeds produced, research facilities, production and storage capacity, and sales networks of these leading seed companies in Bangladesh.
Mahadi The role of indigenous gums and resins in pastoralist livelihood secur...futureagricultures
The document discusses the role of indigenous gums and resins in supporting the livelihoods of pastoralists in Northern Kenya. It finds that collecting and selling gums and resins provides around 59% of households with income, which is used to support livestock keeping and purchase essentials. However, collectors face challenges like lack of capital, declining gum production from trees, and an underdeveloped market dominated by traders. The document recommends improving financing for collectors, building capacity in tapping techniques, developing the value chain, and attracting private sector investment to better support collectors and the gum industry in the region.
10. Corporate agriculture farming (caf) A Presentation By Mr. Allah Dad Khan...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Corporate agriculture farming (CAF) describes large-scale industrialized farming run by mega-corporations. According to the Pakistani government, CAF aims to increase efficiency, incomes, and competitiveness through technology and expertise. However, others argue CAF primarily benefits large companies and poses risks to small farmers and food security. The document provides recommendations for Pakistan to develop agriculture through alternative policies that support small farmers rather than large corporate control of the sector.
AATF provides concise summaries in 3 sentences or less that provide the high level and essential information from the document.
The document discusses AATF's work over the past decade to improve access to agricultural technologies for smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa through partnerships. AATF negotiates access to proprietary technologies, manages their development and deployment, and ensures their sustainable use. Key projects include developing striga-resistant maize, banana resistant to bacterial wilt disease, and water efficient rice varieties.
NASFAM is Malawi's largest smallholder farmers' organization with over 100,000 members. Most members have small land holdings and rely on rain-fed subsistence farming. Food insecurity is a major challenge in Malawi due to low agricultural productivity, poverty, and frequent droughts exacerbated by climate change. Long-term strategies to address food insecurity include increasing productivity through irrigation, crop diversification, improved seeds, and linking farmers to markets.
Introduction of orange flesh sweet potato in aquatic agricultural systems val...WorldFish
Presented by WorldFish scientist Sonia Allauca recently at the 'Value Chain Study Results Presentation and Strategy Formulation', held at the BRAC Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh, on the 12th and 13th of November. It was later presented at the 'Sweetpotato Value Chain Strategy as a core component of nutrition promotion and women enterprise development', which was held from the 11th to the 13th of February, 2013, in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
The document discusses increasing genetic gains in farmers' fields in Africa through public sector crop breeding programs. It notes that current rates of genetic gain achieved by these programs are suboptimal. The key points are:
1. Genetic gain is measured as the annual increase in productivity due to breeding, but is difficult to measure directly in farmers' fields. Estimates suggest average genetic gains of around 0.3% per year for maize in Africa.
2. Higher genetic gains over the long term can transform agriculture by providing steady improvements, effective climate adaptation, and reduced environmental impacts. However, rates of 1-2% per year are needed to have significant impacts.
3. To increase genetic gains, public breeding
The document discusses the future of Indian agriculture and the role of the Indian seed industry. It notes that while food grain and oilseed production has increased substantially over the past 40 years, growth has not been adequate to meet future demand. Key challenges include low productivity compared to other countries, lack of technological interventions, issues with government policies and regulation, and labor shortages. Addressing these challenges will require using superior planting materials, agronomic innovations tailored to specific genotypes, and expanding extension services. Public-private partnerships can help disseminate best practices to farmers and increase yields. The seed industry will play a major role through developing high-yielding varieties and hybrids, utilizing new breeding technologies, and advocating for policy reforms that incent
The presentation summarizes the status of hybrid seed production in Bangladesh. It outlines the major public and private sector organizations involved in seed production, including Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), Lal Teer Seed, Advanced Chemical Industries (ACI), Giant Agro Processing Ltd., and Supreme Seed Company. It provides details on the varieties and quantities of seeds produced, research facilities, production and storage capacity, and sales networks of these leading seed companies in Bangladesh.
Mahadi The role of indigenous gums and resins in pastoralist livelihood secur...futureagricultures
The document discusses the role of indigenous gums and resins in supporting the livelihoods of pastoralists in Northern Kenya. It finds that collecting and selling gums and resins provides around 59% of households with income, which is used to support livestock keeping and purchase essentials. However, collectors face challenges like lack of capital, declining gum production from trees, and an underdeveloped market dominated by traders. The document recommends improving financing for collectors, building capacity in tapping techniques, developing the value chain, and attracting private sector investment to better support collectors and the gum industry in the region.
10. Corporate agriculture farming (caf) A Presentation By Mr. Allah Dad Khan...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Corporate agriculture farming (CAF) describes large-scale industrialized farming run by mega-corporations. According to the Pakistani government, CAF aims to increase efficiency, incomes, and competitiveness through technology and expertise. However, others argue CAF primarily benefits large companies and poses risks to small farmers and food security. The document provides recommendations for Pakistan to develop agriculture through alternative policies that support small farmers rather than large corporate control of the sector.
The document provides details about Nuziveedu Seeds, a leading seed company in India. It discusses the company's profile, objectives, vision, management team, seed production process, processing facilities, quality control measures, and key crops. Nuziveedu Seeds produces over 60,000 metric tons of seeds annually across 95,000 acres and 28 production centers. It has a network of 95,000 seed growers and markets over 350 varieties of seeds across India.
Emerging models to drive rice intensification in West Africa
1) Rice demand is exploding in West Africa due to population growth, but current smallholder systems lack efficiency in production and market access.
2) The Syngenta Foundation aims to integrate smallholders into functioning rice value chains through projects providing access to inputs, equipment, and markets.
3) Example projects in Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal involve thousands of smallholders in contract farming and warrantage models with a focus on improved production, post-harvest handling, and market linkages.
- The Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) is the only CGIAR Research Center owned by African countries. It works to increase rice production and self-sufficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa through research and partnerships.
- AfricaRice has developed over 200 improved rice varieties, good agricultural practices, and innovations along the rice value chain to boost yields and incomes for farmers.
- It aims to increase rice self-sufficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa to 90% by 2020 through implementation of its 2011-2020 strategic plan which focuses on strengthening rice production, processing, and marketing.
AfricaRice Director General Dr Harold Roy-Macauley made a presentation on “Achieving rice self-sufficiency in Africa,” which served as a basis for an in-depth discussion by a panel of speakers consisting of Mr Ade Adefeko, Vice President and Head of Corporate and Government Relations at Olam-Nigeria; Mr Pieter Grobler, Head of Land Development at Dangote Rice Limited; and Mr Busuyi Okeowo, Deputy Team Leader at Growth & Employment in States (GEMS 4), Nigeria.
The panel discussion was organized as part of the Third Edition of the Agra Innovate West Africa Conference, on 23 November 2016 in Lagos, Nigeria, with support from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) and the Nigeria Agribusiness Group (NABG).
The document discusses opportunities for microfinance in agricultural value chains in the Philippines. It notes that while agriculture makes up a small portion of GDP, it employs over a third of the labor force. Key agricultural commodities like coconut, rice, and fish employ many poor rural Filipinos. The document analyzes supply chains for these commodities and identifies gaps like low yields, poor infrastructure, and lack of access to credit that microfinance could potentially help address. It also discusses harvest cycles for various crops and opportunities for short-term lending to activities immediately after harvest.
3rd Africa Rice Congress
Theme 4: Rice policy for food security through smallholder and agribusiness development
Mini symposium1: Trade policies to boost Africa’s rice sector
Author: Kuku-Shittu
1) Bangladesh has an agriculture-based economy, with agriculture accounting for 23% of GDP. Agricultural production could increase 15-20% through use of quality seeds.
2) Historically, the government produced and supplied seeds, but policies in the 1990s allowed greater private sector involvement in seed production. Several donor projects also aimed to strengthen the seed sector.
3) Currently, both public and private actors are involved in seed production, though public research continues to dominate plant breeding. Overall seed quality remains low due to various institutional weaknesses across the sector. Improving coordination between different actors is needed to enhance seed supply and quality.
This document summarizes a presentation on seed sector development in Bangladesh. It outlines several key challenges: the large gap between seed supply and demand, with only 20% of demand for quality seed being met; shortcomings in both the public and private sectors; and inadequate knowledge and facilities for farmers. It discusses the key players in the public and private sectors and identifies issues with the current regulatory framework. Recommendations include reviewing policies and laws to better align with the national seed policy, increasing variety development, improving information systems, strengthening the private sector, and reforming the Seed Certification Agency.
1. African farmers today are more educated, connected, market-oriented, and aware of issues like climate change than previous generations. They are also more open to new ideas and collective action approaches.
2. Efforts to improve agriculture must consider rural-to-urban migration trends in Africa. While migration is driven by rural challenges, the younger generation remaining in rural areas is more educated and eager for progressive agriculture.
3. Things that should be avoided include mechanization tied to large-scale capital-intensive operations, land grabs, and agricultural models that turn farmers into laborers with no opportunity for management roles. Monoculture and large-scale foreign-owned farming should also be avoided.
2nd september ,2020 daily global regional local rice e newsletterRiceplus Magazine
The quality of locally processed rice in Nigeria is poor due to inefficient processing techniques. Small-scale rice processors in Nigeria, who make up over 80% of local production, have limited access to modern processing equipment due to financial constraints. This leads to rice that is more expensive and lower quality than imported rice. To improve quality and increase local production, the Nigerian government needs to support rice processors by providing improved processing equipment and empowering farmers' cooperatives with access to credit and input supplies.
The document discusses rice value chains in Southeast Asia, including both traditional and modern chains. For traditional chains, it describes production systems and marketing pathways for rice in several countries in the region. These chains are characterized by small farm sizes, inefficient post-harvest handling and mills, government involvement, and a focus on self-sufficiency. The document then outlines how modern value chains driven by consumer trends could benefit farmers through improved access to credit, inputs and market stability via contract farming. However, it notes challenges in developing trust between farmers and buyers. Finally, it provides some examples of emerging modern rice value chains in the region using contract farming.
- The document discusses dynamics of agri-financing in Pakistan. It outlines strengths and weaknesses of the agricultural sector as well as opportunities and threats.
- Key strengths include agriculture being the backbone of the economy and providing employment and exports. However, weaknesses include a lack of institutional credit, education for farmers, and infrastructure.
- Opportunities exist in fulfilling the large unmet demand for credit and developing areas like livestock, dairy, and high-value crops. Threats include natural disasters, high interest rates from informal lenders, and a lack of support services.
- The document proposes using Islamic financing modes like murabahah, salam, ijara, and diminishing musharakah
Cowpea is the second most important legume crop in tropical Africa.
About 80% of the world’s production is in Africa with Nigeria being the leading producer.
Cowpea is an important food for humans and provides feed, forage, hay and silage for livestock and green manure and cover crops.
The dry seeds may be ground into meal or flour which is used in a number of ways.
The fresh seeds and immature pods are eaten as vegetables. The young shoots and leaves are eaten as spinach.
Study on smallholder rice farmers - Feb 2014vault_tec
Smallholder rice farmers in the Philippines often live in poverty due to challenges across the rice industry value chain. The document analyzes these challenges and proposes an integrated premium rice producer model to address them. Specifically, it would create a premium rice brand, implement supportive contract farming, and integrate the value chain. Interviews with over 20 participants across the private, public, academic and nonprofit sectors informed the analysis and recommendation.
This document summarizes 24 projects implemented by AGRA's Soil Health Programme across 11 countries in Africa to promote integrated soil fertility management. The projects fall into three categories: beyond demonstrations, where efforts focus on helping farmers access inputs, credit, markets and advice; input supplies, which aim to improve availability of fertilizers and other inputs; and training and education, describing initiatives to train soil specialists and extension workers. The cases demonstrate how combining organic and inorganic fertilizers along with other soil health practices can significantly increase yields for smallholder farmers. They also show how linking farmers to markets through value chains and strengthening farmers' organizations helps address systemic barriers preventing widespread adoption of these techniques. The book analyses the projects and draws lessons around partnerships, equity
Towards innovation and growth in Bangladesh’s seed sector by Firdousi Naherifpri_dhaka
The document discusses the seed system in Bangladesh and provides recommendations. It summarizes that the seed system has undergone policy reforms leading to increased private sector participation. However, challenges remain such as slow varietal turnover, crowding out by public sector organizations, and weak incentives for private research. It recommends creating stronger innovation incentives, a more level playing field for private companies, stronger quality control, and greater investment in research and extension.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
The document discusses the poultry sector in India. It notes that egg production in India is growing but still falls short of demand projections. There are also regional imbalances in production. It recommends increasing vertical integration to reduce costs, developing infrastructure for marketing, and exploring opportunities to export value-added egg products and meet standards in international markets. Quality, safety, and meeting import standards are keys to boosting domestic and export sales.
National Chickpea Innovation Platform: Way forward in EthiopiaTropical Legumes III
Bringing together all actors in the chickpea value chain was a key focus for setting up a National Chickpea Innovation Platform. Other new initiatives include enhancing chickpea productivity and marketing based on the targets of the Ethiopian Growth and Transformation Plan 2 (GTP2) and enhancing household consumption for nutrition and food security– were discussed at a recent workshop in Ethiopia.
The document discusses financing for organic supply chains in Thailand using the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC) as a case study. It provides background on organic agriculture development in Thailand. BAAC plays several roles in supporting organic farmers, including providing technical services, financial services, marketing support, and community development programs. BAAC works with various partners along the organic supply chain to facilitate financing. Opportunities for organic agriculture include growing demand for safe food, while challenges include increasing awareness and infrastructure development.
BUS 104: Shrimp Industry in Bangladesh - An Overview Saaruf Salahuddin
Shrimp Industry in Bangladesh - An overview (BUS 104)
Over the last two decades, shrimp farming has emerged as a major industry in Bangladesh. The impact of the process has economic, social and environmental dimensions. It can be said that this is a blessing for the people of Bangladesh.
Shrimp is the second-highest source of export earnings of the country which add more than $507 million in the last year to the export earnings. Bangladesh is the seventh highest exporter of shrimp around the world. Shrimp industry contributes almost 4.7% to GDP and 9.38% of total exports. Almost 1.2 million people of our country are directly and indirectly related to the activities of shrimp cultivation and shrimp export.
The document provides details about Nuziveedu Seeds, a leading seed company in India. It discusses the company's profile, objectives, vision, management team, seed production process, processing facilities, quality control measures, and key crops. Nuziveedu Seeds produces over 60,000 metric tons of seeds annually across 95,000 acres and 28 production centers. It has a network of 95,000 seed growers and markets over 350 varieties of seeds across India.
Emerging models to drive rice intensification in West Africa
1) Rice demand is exploding in West Africa due to population growth, but current smallholder systems lack efficiency in production and market access.
2) The Syngenta Foundation aims to integrate smallholders into functioning rice value chains through projects providing access to inputs, equipment, and markets.
3) Example projects in Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal involve thousands of smallholders in contract farming and warrantage models with a focus on improved production, post-harvest handling, and market linkages.
- The Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) is the only CGIAR Research Center owned by African countries. It works to increase rice production and self-sufficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa through research and partnerships.
- AfricaRice has developed over 200 improved rice varieties, good agricultural practices, and innovations along the rice value chain to boost yields and incomes for farmers.
- It aims to increase rice self-sufficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa to 90% by 2020 through implementation of its 2011-2020 strategic plan which focuses on strengthening rice production, processing, and marketing.
AfricaRice Director General Dr Harold Roy-Macauley made a presentation on “Achieving rice self-sufficiency in Africa,” which served as a basis for an in-depth discussion by a panel of speakers consisting of Mr Ade Adefeko, Vice President and Head of Corporate and Government Relations at Olam-Nigeria; Mr Pieter Grobler, Head of Land Development at Dangote Rice Limited; and Mr Busuyi Okeowo, Deputy Team Leader at Growth & Employment in States (GEMS 4), Nigeria.
The panel discussion was organized as part of the Third Edition of the Agra Innovate West Africa Conference, on 23 November 2016 in Lagos, Nigeria, with support from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) and the Nigeria Agribusiness Group (NABG).
The document discusses opportunities for microfinance in agricultural value chains in the Philippines. It notes that while agriculture makes up a small portion of GDP, it employs over a third of the labor force. Key agricultural commodities like coconut, rice, and fish employ many poor rural Filipinos. The document analyzes supply chains for these commodities and identifies gaps like low yields, poor infrastructure, and lack of access to credit that microfinance could potentially help address. It also discusses harvest cycles for various crops and opportunities for short-term lending to activities immediately after harvest.
3rd Africa Rice Congress
Theme 4: Rice policy for food security through smallholder and agribusiness development
Mini symposium1: Trade policies to boost Africa’s rice sector
Author: Kuku-Shittu
1) Bangladesh has an agriculture-based economy, with agriculture accounting for 23% of GDP. Agricultural production could increase 15-20% through use of quality seeds.
2) Historically, the government produced and supplied seeds, but policies in the 1990s allowed greater private sector involvement in seed production. Several donor projects also aimed to strengthen the seed sector.
3) Currently, both public and private actors are involved in seed production, though public research continues to dominate plant breeding. Overall seed quality remains low due to various institutional weaknesses across the sector. Improving coordination between different actors is needed to enhance seed supply and quality.
This document summarizes a presentation on seed sector development in Bangladesh. It outlines several key challenges: the large gap between seed supply and demand, with only 20% of demand for quality seed being met; shortcomings in both the public and private sectors; and inadequate knowledge and facilities for farmers. It discusses the key players in the public and private sectors and identifies issues with the current regulatory framework. Recommendations include reviewing policies and laws to better align with the national seed policy, increasing variety development, improving information systems, strengthening the private sector, and reforming the Seed Certification Agency.
1. African farmers today are more educated, connected, market-oriented, and aware of issues like climate change than previous generations. They are also more open to new ideas and collective action approaches.
2. Efforts to improve agriculture must consider rural-to-urban migration trends in Africa. While migration is driven by rural challenges, the younger generation remaining in rural areas is more educated and eager for progressive agriculture.
3. Things that should be avoided include mechanization tied to large-scale capital-intensive operations, land grabs, and agricultural models that turn farmers into laborers with no opportunity for management roles. Monoculture and large-scale foreign-owned farming should also be avoided.
2nd september ,2020 daily global regional local rice e newsletterRiceplus Magazine
The quality of locally processed rice in Nigeria is poor due to inefficient processing techniques. Small-scale rice processors in Nigeria, who make up over 80% of local production, have limited access to modern processing equipment due to financial constraints. This leads to rice that is more expensive and lower quality than imported rice. To improve quality and increase local production, the Nigerian government needs to support rice processors by providing improved processing equipment and empowering farmers' cooperatives with access to credit and input supplies.
The document discusses rice value chains in Southeast Asia, including both traditional and modern chains. For traditional chains, it describes production systems and marketing pathways for rice in several countries in the region. These chains are characterized by small farm sizes, inefficient post-harvest handling and mills, government involvement, and a focus on self-sufficiency. The document then outlines how modern value chains driven by consumer trends could benefit farmers through improved access to credit, inputs and market stability via contract farming. However, it notes challenges in developing trust between farmers and buyers. Finally, it provides some examples of emerging modern rice value chains in the region using contract farming.
- The document discusses dynamics of agri-financing in Pakistan. It outlines strengths and weaknesses of the agricultural sector as well as opportunities and threats.
- Key strengths include agriculture being the backbone of the economy and providing employment and exports. However, weaknesses include a lack of institutional credit, education for farmers, and infrastructure.
- Opportunities exist in fulfilling the large unmet demand for credit and developing areas like livestock, dairy, and high-value crops. Threats include natural disasters, high interest rates from informal lenders, and a lack of support services.
- The document proposes using Islamic financing modes like murabahah, salam, ijara, and diminishing musharakah
Cowpea is the second most important legume crop in tropical Africa.
About 80% of the world’s production is in Africa with Nigeria being the leading producer.
Cowpea is an important food for humans and provides feed, forage, hay and silage for livestock and green manure and cover crops.
The dry seeds may be ground into meal or flour which is used in a number of ways.
The fresh seeds and immature pods are eaten as vegetables. The young shoots and leaves are eaten as spinach.
Study on smallholder rice farmers - Feb 2014vault_tec
Smallholder rice farmers in the Philippines often live in poverty due to challenges across the rice industry value chain. The document analyzes these challenges and proposes an integrated premium rice producer model to address them. Specifically, it would create a premium rice brand, implement supportive contract farming, and integrate the value chain. Interviews with over 20 participants across the private, public, academic and nonprofit sectors informed the analysis and recommendation.
This document summarizes 24 projects implemented by AGRA's Soil Health Programme across 11 countries in Africa to promote integrated soil fertility management. The projects fall into three categories: beyond demonstrations, where efforts focus on helping farmers access inputs, credit, markets and advice; input supplies, which aim to improve availability of fertilizers and other inputs; and training and education, describing initiatives to train soil specialists and extension workers. The cases demonstrate how combining organic and inorganic fertilizers along with other soil health practices can significantly increase yields for smallholder farmers. They also show how linking farmers to markets through value chains and strengthening farmers' organizations helps address systemic barriers preventing widespread adoption of these techniques. The book analyses the projects and draws lessons around partnerships, equity
Towards innovation and growth in Bangladesh’s seed sector by Firdousi Naherifpri_dhaka
The document discusses the seed system in Bangladesh and provides recommendations. It summarizes that the seed system has undergone policy reforms leading to increased private sector participation. However, challenges remain such as slow varietal turnover, crowding out by public sector organizations, and weak incentives for private research. It recommends creating stronger innovation incentives, a more level playing field for private companies, stronger quality control, and greater investment in research and extension.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
The document discusses the poultry sector in India. It notes that egg production in India is growing but still falls short of demand projections. There are also regional imbalances in production. It recommends increasing vertical integration to reduce costs, developing infrastructure for marketing, and exploring opportunities to export value-added egg products and meet standards in international markets. Quality, safety, and meeting import standards are keys to boosting domestic and export sales.
National Chickpea Innovation Platform: Way forward in EthiopiaTropical Legumes III
Bringing together all actors in the chickpea value chain was a key focus for setting up a National Chickpea Innovation Platform. Other new initiatives include enhancing chickpea productivity and marketing based on the targets of the Ethiopian Growth and Transformation Plan 2 (GTP2) and enhancing household consumption for nutrition and food security– were discussed at a recent workshop in Ethiopia.
The document discusses financing for organic supply chains in Thailand using the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC) as a case study. It provides background on organic agriculture development in Thailand. BAAC plays several roles in supporting organic farmers, including providing technical services, financial services, marketing support, and community development programs. BAAC works with various partners along the organic supply chain to facilitate financing. Opportunities for organic agriculture include growing demand for safe food, while challenges include increasing awareness and infrastructure development.
BUS 104: Shrimp Industry in Bangladesh - An Overview Saaruf Salahuddin
Shrimp Industry in Bangladesh - An overview (BUS 104)
Over the last two decades, shrimp farming has emerged as a major industry in Bangladesh. The impact of the process has economic, social and environmental dimensions. It can be said that this is a blessing for the people of Bangladesh.
Shrimp is the second-highest source of export earnings of the country which add more than $507 million in the last year to the export earnings. Bangladesh is the seventh highest exporter of shrimp around the world. Shrimp industry contributes almost 4.7% to GDP and 9.38% of total exports. Almost 1.2 million people of our country are directly and indirectly related to the activities of shrimp cultivation and shrimp export.
Shrimp culture has vital role for rising economic success, shaping a more prosperous and sustainable future in Bangladesh, specially in the coastal area but this sector is under threat for various problems, faced by shrimp cultivators. This paper explains the problem, faced by shrimp cultivators in the coastal area of Bangladesh and the solution of those problems with the current attitude of shrimp farmers on shrimp culture. This study has been conducted in three districts, named Bagerhat, Khulna and Shatkhira district of Bangladesh. 200 respondents have been selected randomly who have been cultivating shrimp since several years. A semi-structured questionnaire has been used, four FGDs and three case study interviews have been conducted to identify problems and solutions of those problems and a scale has been used to know their current attitude on shrimp culture. Secondary data have been collected though journal, repots and newspaper. This study has focused on problems, disrupting the shrimp culture constantly and solutions in specific areas of shrimp cultivators but the whole problem of shrimp culture hasn’t been included in this study. This study has identified that shrimp cultivators are facing problems a lot which are eroding the benefit from shrimp culture, including shrimp fry remains sick, comparatively high price of shrimp fry, virus, pollution of water, comparatively low price during they sell shrimp, the price of feed is so high, lack of proper transportation, traditional process of culture and lack of monitoring bodies etc. True, to combat these troubling situations and create new possibilities, cooperation is crucial, including- soft loan, training, NGOs’ help, and Governmental initiatives. So, the Government of Bangladesh must take cognizance and act decisively to determine the barrier of shrimp cultivators and the solution of those barriers to make a suitable place of shrimp culture which will contribute to enrich the economy of Bangladesh.
Abdul karim Gazi. “The Problem and Prospect of Shrimp Cultivators in the Coastal Area of Bangladesh: An Analysis” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.2 (2019): 48-57.
The presentation was part of the Brussels Development Briefing on the topic of fish-farming, organized by the Technical Centre for Agriculture (CTA), the European Commission, and the African, Carribean, and Pacific (ACP) Secretariat on 3rd of July 2013 in Brussels.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
Bangladesh has a long history of agricultural extension services to support its smallholder farmers. The agricultural extension system in Bangladesh aims to improve food security and farm incomes through increasing productivity, diversifying crops, and linking farmers to markets. It utilizes a pluralistic, decentralized approach involving public agencies, NGOs, private providers and farmer groups. The national extension policy focuses on location-specific strategies and targeting marginalized smallholders through integrated approaches, value chain development, and capacity building of extension agents. The goals are to sustainably increase production and farm incomes while addressing poverty, nutrition, and climate challenges facing Bangladeshi agriculture.
This document discusses shrimp cultivation in Bangladesh and its various impacts. It notes that shrimp farming began in the 1970s and relies on wild fry for stocking. The research aims to assess the social, environmental, and economic impacts of unplanned shrimp cultivation with high water salinity. These impacts include increased soil salinity, health effects on local populations, destruction of biodiversity, and imbalance in sustainability. While shrimp cultivation is economically important, proper management and an ecological model are needed to minimize its worse effects on coastal regions in Bangladesh.
I am uploading the Presentation on Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Tilapia is 3rd largest most prefered fish in world which is cultured in 75 countries. This presentation may be helpful to the students of Aquaculture.
While small scale family farmers grow food, and produce 70% of the food in this region, we remain to be poorest, hungriest, mostmalnourished? Why ? First because many of us do not have adequate access , control or ownership of the basic natural resources needed to do farming: land, waters, forests, seeds. Without land rights, we cannot decide what to plant, when to plant, where to market the produce, and in many cases, get only a 30% share of the produce of the farm. Without water rights, the fishes we could have captured in our seas and waters are first captured by big commercial trawlers, leaving so little for the many of us who would like to fish. Without forestry rights, we lose our forests to big mining and logging companies. Without rights to breed, conserve, save and exchange seeds, we will be dependent on the seeds of big and multi-national seed companies..
Second, our yields are low, of inferior quality, and we do not have the money to buy necessary inputs such as seeds, fertilizers or even farm tools or put up needed services such as irrigation, electricity.
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
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A PRO-POOR ANALYSIS OF THE SHRIMP SECTOR IN BANGLADESH
1. A PRO-POOR ANALYSIS OF THE
SHRIMP SECTOR IN BANGLADESH
1
Course No. Econ 5205 Course Title: Economics of Industry
Presented by-
Farhana Afroj- MSS 171546
Md. Bayazid- MSS 171559
Economics Discipline, Khulna University
Authors: GATE publication
Journal of USAID/Bangladesh, GATE project (2006)
2. TERMINOLOGIES
Bagda it is a type of shrimp which is basically cultivated in the salt
water prone area. It also called salt water shrimp. It has high market
share
• Galda fresh water shrimp, larger in size, command high market
price.
(The countries that follow the development pattern of the leading
country.)
• FOB a situation where the seller is requested to deliver and load the
goods on board a ship or airplane specified in the contact of sale. No
insurance cost for the seller.
• Fry baby shrimp or prone.
• Fingerlings slightly larger size than fry.
• Spot market a market in which goods and services are traded for
immediate delivery.
3. TERMINOLOGIES (CONTINUED)
• Brood mother parents shrimp which is basically the main sources
of fry.
• Traditional production requires few inputs and low production.
Fry are caught in pond and grown from March to June.
• Modified traditional production uses more inputs, increased
technology, use of electric pumps to bring in salt water, mixing
cultivation (shrimp, other fish, rice crop) in the farm.
• Semi-intensive production requires greater inputs and investment
such as regulated water temperature, supplementary feed, and
better infrastructure. Though this method of production considers
significant higher production and profit, it also associated with
higher environmental cost.
4. TERMINOLOGIES (CONTINUED)
• Shrimp value chain the shrimp sector in Bangladesh is a buyer-
driven chain where producers have little ability to influence the
price at which they sell their product. They are frequently locked
into contracts that limit the price they receive.
• Fry catcher Fry collectors sift through the surf for post larvae. 40
percent of all fry catchers are men, 30 percent women, and another
30 percent girls and boys. Lacking land and assets, they are the
most vulnerable workers along the chain
• Fry faria, aratdar and commission agent Fry faria buy fry from
catchers or hatcheries throughout the year. They sell the fry to an
aratdar. Fry aratdar typically buy fry from the fry faria and sell fry
to the commission agent. Often faria and aratdar are indebted to
intermediaries higher up the chain and are committed to sell fry
exclusively to that lender. These contracts are sanctioned through
strict social codes and occasionally enforced by violence.
5. TERMINOLOGIES (CONTINUED)
Nursery nurseries are where the fry are adapted to the farm
environment. The majority of the fry goes directly to the farm.
Fry pass through nurseries before being delivered to the farms.
Farming shrimp are using primarily traditional and some modified
practices on the farmed bases.
Shrimp Faria they purchase shrimp from the farmers and sell them
on to other intermediaries. They may offer conditional loans to
farmers and buy shrimp from the farmers at a price that they
determine.
Shrimp aratdar buy shrimp from the farmer or faria, sell to the
commission agents who aggregate the shrimp, and then sell to the
processors and exporters.
Commission agents are typically medium to large size
entrepreneurs.
6. TERMINOLOGIES (CONTINUED)
• processor/Exporter There are 130 processing plants in
Bangladesh. Of these, 65 are in operation. Most plants clean,
preserve, and package shrimp. A number of plants are also
beginning to cook or semi-cook the shrimp to increase the value
added of the product.
.
7. 7
Pro-poor policy can be defined as those policies that aim to
improve the asses and capabilities of poor people. They include
policy interventions that directly target poor people or focus on
poverty reduction in general.
Open credit market it is a credit market in where the credit
givers provide the loan to the good customers without security.
Environmental cost is the cost connected with the actual or
potential deterioration of natural assets due to economic activities
TERMINOLOGIES (CONTINUED)
8. TERMINOLOGIES (CONTINUED)
• Focus group discussion is a good way to gather together people
from similar backgrounds or experiences to discuss a specific
topic of interest.
• Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing
production of goods or services at the same part of the supply
chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition
or merger. The process can lead to monopoly if a company
captures the vast majority of the market for that product or service.
• Fish aquaculture is a farming process implies some form of
intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as
regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators.
• Deveining shrimp means to remove a shrimp shell and the vein
that runs aling the shrimp’s back first, it toward the tail the tool
removes the shell and the vein in one motion.
9. TERMINOLOGIES (CONTINUED)
• De-heading shrimp means cutting the head of the shrimp and
than manufacture.
• Horticulture means the art or practice of garden cultivation and
management.
• Duncan index is a measure of occupational segregation based
on gender that measures whether there is a larger than expected
presence of one gender over another in a given occupation or
labor force by identifying the percentage of employed women or
men who would have to change occupations for the occupational
distribution of men and women to be equal.
Eutrophication the process by which a body of water becomes
enriched in dissolved nutrients that stimulate the growth of
aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved
oxygen.
11. INTRODUCTION
• In Bangladesh, shrimp production with export has been
increased rapidly over last two decades.
• With the increase of production area more than tripled, the
production of shrimp and prawn has been increased more than
14th times.
• In 2004 the foreign earning through export of shrimp was $360
million which is 4.9% of export. With this, it has created
employment opportunities over 6 lack people directly.
• Despite this, because of the production and processing
backwardness, it can't able to dominate the world market.
11
12. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. Provide a detailed summary of the shrimp sector value
chain in Bangladesh
2. Identify where women and men are located in the value
chain and explore any gender differences in returns,
wages, and profits
3. Develop policy and programmatic recommendations to
maximize opportunities for vulnerable groups—in
particular the resource poor, landless, women, and
minorities
12
13. APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGY
Employs gender value chain analysis, pro-poor livelihood
approach to shrimp sector, social and environmental impact
throughout shrimp value chain.
• Data: Primary data
• Data collection method: Focus group discussion and key
important interviews with structured questionnaire
• Time period: September 2005 to November 2005
• Study area: Khulna, Chittagong and Cox's Bazar
• A total of 188 individuals were interviewed representing each
node in the value chain.
13
14. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
• Value chain analysis focuses on the institutional arrangements
like producers, Processor, marketers, distributors and consumers.
In this paper gendered value chain analysis has been used to find
out the different positions and contributions of men and women
across the value chain
Pro-poor livelihood approach:
Pro-poor approach find out how growth in the sector can benefit the
poor ensuring that rent and returns are better distributed across
the value chain. Livelihood analysis is concerned about the
earning and employment.
So, A pro-poor livelihoods approach considers the entirety of
production and earnings for the poor and assesses how shrimp
and prawn fit into a household’s strategy for income and
employment.
14
15. OVERVIEW OF SHRIMP SECTOR
• Bangladesh is blessed with suitable environment to harvest fish
in numerous rivers.
• This contributes $360 million a year by domestic and export
earning.
• Export oriented shrimp culture has undergone rapid horizontal
expansion and rapid expansion occurs in the mid 1980s.
• Because of the global demand of shrimp, it has received credit
support in 1985 from world bank for increasing production,
construct embankments and boundaries to eliminate salt water
seepage.
15
16. Impediments:
• Environmental cost has been increased.
• With the contamination of shrimp from banned antibiotics
through feed supply and grow out system, shrimp export had
been banned in 1997.
• Despite the investment in processing, it failed to ensure the
quality shrimp.
• Another problem is low yield of shrimp because of the primitive
cultivation process.
OVERVIEW OF SHRIMP SECTOR
16
17. SHRIMPAND PRAWN PRODUCTION PROCESSES
There are 2 main verities of shrimp-
1)Galda- fresh water shrimp 2) Bagda- salt water shrimp
36 spices of these shrimp are harvested in Bangladesh.
Dominated shrimp production region: Chittagong-Cox’s Bazar and
Khulna-Shatkira-Bagerat
Shrimp Production methods:
There are 3 shrimp production process-
1) Traditional Extensive Production Process
2) Modified traditional Production Process
3) Semi-intensive Production Process
Most of the farmers use traditional cultivation technique. 17
18. SHRIMP PRODUCTION METHODS
Traditional Modified Traditional Semi-Intensive
Average Pond Size 4.5 hectares 2.5 hectares 3.0 hectares
Stocking Density
Post Larvae/m2
3.5-7.5 2.0 5.0
Water
Management
Mostly tidal Mostly tidal with some
pumping and aeration
Pumping and
aeration
Fry Sources Wild Wild and hatchery Wild and hatchery
Feeding1 Natural feeding with
occasional fertilization
Fertilization with
supplementary feed
Fertilization with
supplementary feed
Survival rates (%) 15-30 45-70 80+
Production
kg/ha/yr
100-250 600 2000
Cost (BDT/Ha/yr) 30,000-60,500 93,000 320,000
Cost (BDT/Kg)2 300-173 155 160
Returns
(BDT/Ha/yr)3
5,000-57,500 117,000 380,000
Table 1: Typology of Shrimp Production in Bangladesh
18
19. PRAWN PRODUCTION METHODS
• Prawn is mostly produced in the southwestern region in Bangladesh
mostly in Noakhali and Patuakhali .
• There are two culture systems:
Women are mostly engaged in these prawn production.
ponds using poly-
culture with carp
In paddy fields (ghers)
Farm size small Comparatively large
Farmers involved small large
Land preparation February to April February to April
System Integrated Not integrated
Harvested June November and December
Post larvae collection From the wild or
hatchery
From the wild or hatchery
19
21. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF LABOR
The fry catchers are the more vulnerable workers with least power in the
value chain. 40% workers are women and girl and left are men and boys.
They are adversely affected by-
• Ban enacted in 2000
• Lack of efficient and open credit market
• Dependence upon particular buyer
So the net earning is very low.
Health concerns: Suffering from Skin infections, fungal infections,
lesions, rashes, and cuts are frequent. Women fry collectors may suffer
particular types of vaginal and fungal infections as a result of their
activities.
Environmental concerns:
• Potential loss of other biodiversity
• Wastage is significant 21
22. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR WORKERS
IN SHRIMP PROCESSING PLANTS
• Violations of the 8 hour workday
• Forced overtime
• Unpaid overtime
• Failure to provide adequate health-care
• Failure to provide child-care and maternal leave
• Failure to observe the right to organize and collectively bargain
• Inadequate hygiene and health and safety measures
• Insufficient bathrooms and toilet facilities
22
23. OTHER KEY FUNCTIONS AND SERVICES IN
THE VALUE CHAIN
Transportation: Greatest transportation costs are bared by fry
aratdar, shrimp aratdar, processors, and exporters. Quality of
transportation and management during transportation plays an
important role throughout the value chain.
Feed and feed mills: In past, most of the feed are imported. Now
most farmers use locally produced feed which cause lack of
nutrients food. Used feed- Dried fin fish, Snail meat etc.
Financing processing and hatcheries: GoB has developed an
Entrepreneurs Equity Fund (EEF) targeting agri-based and other
commodity companies. Most of the financing offers from the
GoB are not well distributed. no funds or lines of credit are
available to farmers or other lower level participants in the value
chain.
23
24. Standardization and regulation: In the case of exporting shrimp,
the exporter has to fulfill some predefined quality set by importer. If
noncompliance is documented , there is risk of losing contracts. For
this the exporter has to bear greater costs to upgrade the
infrastructure and product quality.
SEGEMENTATION ALONG THE CHAIN: Men and women are
distributed unevenly across all sectors. This segmentation is
measured by Duncan Index. The formula is-
i = (1,2,...N) is the total number of sectors, industries, or occupations
fi and mi are the sectoral employment ratios of men and women to
their respective labor force
The Duncan Index of dissimilarity, ranging from 0 to 100
0=sectors or occupations are not sex-segregated and 100 =men and
women are in entirely different sectors or occupations.
In Bangladesh the index value calculated for 10 sectors in 1990=31
and in 2000=27
24
25. RANGE OF SHRIMP PRODUCTS EXPORTED
Product Process Value BDT/Kg
Head on shell with
claws
IQF, Semi-IQF and Block frozen 420
Headless shell on Head removed, neck meat trimmed, IQF raw consumer pack
and raw tray packs
616
Headless shell on
easy peel
Head removed, neck meat trimmed, IQF raw consumer pack
and raw tray packs with garlic and herb bases, butter-flied,
blanched and cooked in BF or IQF process
647
Peeled Peeled, headless, raw and cooked, BF or IQF 650
Pull de-veined (PD),
P&D tail on
Peeled, headless, de-veined, raw and cooked, BF or IQF 708
P&D butter-flied Peeled, headless, de-veined, butter-flied, raw and cooked, BF or
IQF
720
PD skewer, P&D
Butter-flied tail on
skewer
Peeled, pull de-veined, headless, IQF shutter pack raw 750
Cooked Peeled, de-veined, headless and cooked 832
25
26. WAGE DISPARITIES BY SEX ALONG THE CHAIN
Men Women Women's wages as a % of Men's
Fry catching
Catching and sorting 89.2 56.7 64.0
Shrimp farming
Pond repair 94.7 78.0 82.4
Seeding fingerlings 61
Casual day labor 60.9 50.0 82.2
Maintenance 73.4 60.0 81.7
Security 77.2
Harvesting labor 80.0
Processing Labor 97.0
Shrimp Processing
Building Repairs and
Maintenance
79.0 65.0 82.3
De-heading 100.0 83.0 83.0
Refrigeration 83.0 65.0 78.3
Cooking/breading 100.0 60.0 60.0
Packing 112.5 80.0 71.1
Administration 290.0 290.0 100.0
26
27. COSTS AND RETURNS IN THE VALUE CHAIN
Figure 3. Distribution of Costs and Returns Along the Value Chain ($/Kg)
27
28. COSTS AND RETURNS PER ACTIVITY
• The largest margin of earning are of farmers which are $3 per
kg for bagda and almost $4 per kg for golda
• The faria, aratdar and commission agents also earn at higher
amount
• Fry catchers earning is comparatively low.
• The earning of the integrated farmers are comparatively more
than the others.
• Shrimp processing adds significant value to the shrimp by
sorting, de-veining, de-heading, de-shelling, cleaning,
packaging, and freezing for export markets.
• Frozen shrimp has higher demand but it provides low returns
28
29. CREDIT AND FINANCING
• In the shrimp value chain, intermediaries obtain the funds from the
buyers or from banking sources and money lenders.
• Most of them borrow money from the buyers with high interest
rate.
• Borrowers most of the times failed to repay the loan which cause
indenture season after season.
29
30. COMPLEMENTARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
FRUIT AND HORTICULTURE
• Fruit and Horticulture: With oil-seeds, pulses, and vegetables,
shrimp is cultivated. It helps to increase income.
• Rice: Mixed aman rice and shrimp is also a viable strategy to
ensure food security and diversify income-earning.
• Fish Aquaculture: Various kinks of fishes and shrimp are
cultivated mutually.
30
31. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONCERNS
ALONG THE VALUE CHAIN
The bagda shrimp cultivation causes-
Increasing salinity and soil degradation
Decline in rice production: Percentage of the population cultivating
rice decreased from 33 to 13 percent as the proportion of farmers
cultivating shrimp rose from 20 to 32 percent
Deforestation and the destruction on homestead vegetation;
Loss of coastal vegetation; and decline of other fish spices
Water logging leading to irreversible changes in wetland ecology
and the loss of micro flora and fauna.
Eutrophication and Water borne disease
Decline in the diversity of agriculture: Cause the loss of poultry and
livestock, changes in social forestry 31
32. CONCLUSIONS
• In shrimp, throughout the chain, poor, small farmers,
intermediaries and exporters are engaged. But the benefits are not
evenly distributed. There are occupational segmentation, wage
inequality, and increased job insecurity for women.
• Indebtedness of fry-catchers and farmers make their returns very
low.
• Significant loss of the fry happens because of the multiple
intermediaries.
• Finally, social and environmental costs hamper growth in the
sector.
32
33. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. To increase incomes and assets for those lower down the
value chain;
o Shift to modified traditional practices
o Increased golda production
o Complementary production
o Feed production
o Extensive service
2. To improve the terms of trade and exchange;
o Marketing systems
o Credit and financial services
o Diversity products sold for export
o Link farmers with processing plants
33
34. RECOMMENDATIONS
3. Create a favorable policy and legal environment;
o Environmental regulations and guidelines
o Labor rights and benefits
o Land titling and access rights
o Data collection
4. To increase stakeholder dialogue and voice within the chain.
o Institutionalizing change
o Continuous monitoring
34