This document is a project study report submitted for a Master's degree in Business Administration (Finance). It examines the retail industry in a global environment. The report includes an introduction to the retail industry, objectives and role of the industry, a literature review on challenges in the industry, hypotheses on the past, present and future of the industry, limitations of the study, methodology, and significance of studying the industry. It also includes sections on opportunities for Western retailers in India, benefits to Indian consumers, research and analysis of trends and major players, findings, and conclusions.
Case study on Visual Merchandising in Reliance Retail- By Raghav KulkarniRaghav kulkarni
The following Case study sheds Light on how Reliance Retail uses concept of Visual Merchandising and how it influences and Impacts the customer Buying Pattern and Problems associated with it.
Retail Sore, Store management, Responsibilities of store manager, Store objectives, Store design, Principles of store design, Layout, Types of layout, Signage, Feature Areas
Case study on Visual Merchandising in Reliance Retail- By Raghav KulkarniRaghav kulkarni
The following Case study sheds Light on how Reliance Retail uses concept of Visual Merchandising and how it influences and Impacts the customer Buying Pattern and Problems associated with it.
Retail Sore, Store management, Responsibilities of store manager, Store objectives, Store design, Principles of store design, Layout, Types of layout, Signage, Feature Areas
CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AT PANTALOONSSrihari Reddy
Customer Buying Behavior is the study of individuals and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Customer behavior is increasingly a part of strategic planning for the future investment and growth of any industry. Retail industry or precisely to say apparel industry is no exception.
Project Report- A study of floor operations(Reliance Trends) at Avani Mall, h...SOUMYAJIT MUKHERJEE
This is my Summer Internship Project Report (MBA).
I am not sharing any kind of sensitive data in it.
While making my project report I had faced a bit problem to find the company profile of Reliance Trends.
For that reason I am helping others, who are opting for the interview or who is doing their S.I.P with Reliance Trends.
I believe this presentation will be a helpful one....,,,
Thank you very much for surfing my Presentation and dont forget to give your feedback...
• The project was undertaken to find out the perception of the consumer of buying grocery items through online website.
• The project studied factors like- Attributes of online shopping website which the consumer prefers, issues regarding the online shopping and the perception of the consumer towards shopping of grocery items through online portals.
Retail Management Notes, Basics of Retail Management, Classification of Retailers, Types of Retailers, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailers, Role of Retailers in Distribution Channel, Indian retailscape, organized and Unorganized Retailers,
The field of Visual Merchandising is developing quick as the Indian retail is making its nearness felt in national and global field. Today's savage rivalry and the similitude of stock compel every section of the design business to use visual promoting to enhance the attractive quality of items. This study speaks to a commitment to a more profound comprehension about the effect of visual marketing on purchaser purchasing conduct in shopping stores. The primary goal of this paper is to examine the impact of visual promoting, particularly the one identified with the shop-windows, on shopper purchasing conduct as per store traits most esteemed by customers.
The Student Trapti Khandelwal is a Final Year Student of Dezyne E' cole college doing her BBA.. This Project has been undertaken by the Student during her Summer Internship at Future Group,Home Town. The Topic of her Internship is Marketing in Home Furnishing Retail.
CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AT PANTALOONSSrihari Reddy
Customer Buying Behavior is the study of individuals and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Customer behavior is increasingly a part of strategic planning for the future investment and growth of any industry. Retail industry or precisely to say apparel industry is no exception.
Project Report- A study of floor operations(Reliance Trends) at Avani Mall, h...SOUMYAJIT MUKHERJEE
This is my Summer Internship Project Report (MBA).
I am not sharing any kind of sensitive data in it.
While making my project report I had faced a bit problem to find the company profile of Reliance Trends.
For that reason I am helping others, who are opting for the interview or who is doing their S.I.P with Reliance Trends.
I believe this presentation will be a helpful one....,,,
Thank you very much for surfing my Presentation and dont forget to give your feedback...
• The project was undertaken to find out the perception of the consumer of buying grocery items through online website.
• The project studied factors like- Attributes of online shopping website which the consumer prefers, issues regarding the online shopping and the perception of the consumer towards shopping of grocery items through online portals.
Retail Management Notes, Basics of Retail Management, Classification of Retailers, Types of Retailers, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailers, Role of Retailers in Distribution Channel, Indian retailscape, organized and Unorganized Retailers,
The field of Visual Merchandising is developing quick as the Indian retail is making its nearness felt in national and global field. Today's savage rivalry and the similitude of stock compel every section of the design business to use visual promoting to enhance the attractive quality of items. This study speaks to a commitment to a more profound comprehension about the effect of visual marketing on purchaser purchasing conduct in shopping stores. The primary goal of this paper is to examine the impact of visual promoting, particularly the one identified with the shop-windows, on shopper purchasing conduct as per store traits most esteemed by customers.
The Student Trapti Khandelwal is a Final Year Student of Dezyne E' cole college doing her BBA.. This Project has been undertaken by the Student during her Summer Internship at Future Group,Home Town. The Topic of her Internship is Marketing in Home Furnishing Retail.
Summer Internship Project Report on the STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF CONSUMER BEH...Amartya .
STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE FASHION RETAIL MALL - HYDERABAD CENTRAL, The flagship retail format of Future Lifestyle Fashions Ltd.
The report describes the marketing mechanics executed to increase the number of footfalls and increase the profitability of the mall during the biannual sale i.e. the Happiness Sale at Hyderabad Central.
This a RPG group giant Spencer's Retail Ltd Summer Internship Report. this project is done for knowing the market potential and consumers preferences regarding Supermarket's/ Spencer's Retail of a particular area. if you need any help please contact me
A Study on Supply Chain Management of Future Retail LimitedSudip Kaushal
A Study on Supply Chain Management of Future Retail Limited. The research is informative and deliberate sampling method is used to to explore the horizon of the research.
All project reports are free for mba bba marketing recruitment etc etc by www.gameswala.com. Please play worlds best online games for free thanks bhai log apne dosto ko bhi fwd karein meri site. Vikas (Chandigarh)
Indian bakery industry is one of the biggest sections in the processed food industry of the nation and has undergone a massive change majorly on account of changing perception of bakery products and evolving consumer tastes.Rising urbanization and growth in the disposable incomes of the Indian population has proven to be a magnet for international bakery chains owing to which the sector has seen an influx of foreign bakery companies foraying into India which has helped in improving the quality of Indian bakery products.
The market research report titled ‘Bakery Industry in India (Bread, Biscuits and Other Products) – Present & Future Prospects, Market Size, Statistics, Trends, SWOT Analysis and Forecasts (Upto 2017)’ released by Niir Project Consultancy Services, provides a comprehensive analysis on Indian bakery industry covering detailed reporting of the bread and biscuits sector in India. The report also provides a bird’s eye view of the global bakery industry with details on projected market size and then progresses to evaluate the Indian industry in detail.
The report provides an expansive market analysis of the Indian bakery sector by covering areas like growth drivers, trends prevailing in the industry as well as comprehensive SWOT analysis of the sector. Further it scrutinizes the demand supply scenario of the bakery industry with projections of important numbers for the overall bakery sector as well as for biscuit and bread segment also.
See more: https://goo.gl/9f2Qsn
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When we think about refreshment, the first thing that comes to our mind is coffee or tea. Most people prefer coffee and most prefer tea and these two drinks have become a part of a human being’s life.
Here we (I) have concentrated on coffee which is considered as a traditional drinks especially in south India. People here start their everyday life with a cup of coffee. Not only in south India but in all parts of the world people are so dependent and addicted to coffee that it acts as a daily schedule to every body every where. But this coffee is not grown in all parts of the world but is grown in very few places with right kind or weather, atmosphere and most important of all, the soil of that region.
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The sugar industry occupies a major portion in the (organization) industries of India. The sugar industries have rank second next to cotton and textile industries. The sugar industry started since 1830. China is the first producer of sugar in the world. It provides highest direct employment opportunities.
The sugar industry is one of the important Ago-based industry of the country India is the fourth major sugar production in the world. The first three is Russia, Brazil and Cuba. Sugar industry provides direct employment to nearly 3lakh persons this industry supports about 25 million agriculturists. It pay’s both to the central government and the state government about Rs.350 crores by way of different taxes. The capital employed in the industry is of the order of Rs.780 crores. There are about 414 mills producing sugar, which are spread all over the country.
When we think about refreshment, the first thing that comes to our mind is coffee or tea. Most people prefer coffee and most prefer tea and these two drinks have become a part of a human being’s life.
Here we (I) have concentrated on coffee which is considered as a traditional drinks especially in south India. People here start their everyday life with a cup of coffee. Not only in south India but in all parts of the world people are so dependent and addicted to coffee that it acts as a daily schedule to every body every where. But this coffee is not grown in all parts of the world but is grown in very few places with right kind or weather, atmosphere and most important of all, the soil of that region. It is usually grown in hill stations with adequate amount of rainfall and such places which are high above sea level. Therefore in India, Karnataka is such a place, especially South Karnataka which produces the highest amount of coffee in whole India. Most parts of Karnataka such as Chikmagalur district and many parts in Hassan District, and also Coorg.
A Study on Sugar Industry at Chamundeshwari SugarProjects Kart
The discovery of sugarcane from which sugar was produced had been known since thousands of years. It is thought to have originated in New Guinea, and was spread along routes to Southeast Asia and India. The process known for creation of sugar, by pressing out the juice and then boiling it into crystals, was developed in India around 500 BC.
Its cultivation was not introduced into Europe until the middle-ages, when it was brought to Spain by Arabs to thrive in a most favorable climate.
Study on Inventory Management at Reid & Taylor (India) LtdProjects Kart
Inventory is a list of goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in stock by a business. Inventory management is primarily about specifying the size and placement of stocked goods. Inventory management is required at different locations within a facility or within multiple locations of a supply network to protect the regular and planned course of production against the random disturbance of running out of materials or goods. The scope of inventory management also concerns the fine lines between replenishment lead time, carrying costs of inventory, asset management, inventory forecasting, inventory valuation, inventory visibility, future inventory price forecasting, physical inventory, available physical space for inventory, quality management, replenishment, returns and defective goods and demand forecasting.
Study on Working Capital Management at PNBProjects Kart
The prime objective of any business is to maximize the value of the company and to maximize the wealth of its shareholders. Working capital management has its own role to play in attaining this goal. Working capital is the funds required for day to day working in a business concern. The working capital management involves deciding upon the amount and composition of current assets and how to finance those assets. There should be a proper trade off between risk and profitability in each decision relating to it. This project work has been undertaken to know the procedures involved in the working capital management in PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK. An attempt is made to study the factors contributing towards working capital and the sources on which the company is depending for funds. The research study was also conducted to derive working capital ratios, to know the performance and efficiency of working capital management and to know the kind of policy adopted in this part of the management. For analyzing the factors and conditions influencing working capital tables and graphs were drawn based on the study. pubjab national bank mba project, summer internship 2017, project reprot, punjab national bank pdf, risk, project report pdf, project report, customer satisfaction in punjab national bank
Study on Mutual Fund is the Better Investment PlanProjects Kart
Mutual funds have become a hot favorite of millions of people all over the world. The driving force of mutual fund is the ‘safety of the principal’ guaranteed, plus the added advantage of capital appreciation together with the income earned in the form of interest or dividend. People prefer Mutual Funds to bank deposits, life insurance and even bond because with a little money, they can get into the investment game. One can own string blue chips like ITC, TISCO, Reliance etc., through mutual funds. Thus, mutual funds act as a gateway to enter into big companies hitherto inaccessible to an ordinary investor with his small investment.
Study on Store Environment and Merchandising Mix at Big BazaarProjects Kart
Retailing consists of those business activities involved in the sale of goods and services to consumers for their personal, family, or household use. Retailing comprises of four elements customer orientation, coordinated effort, value-driven, and goal orientation. The word "Retail" originates from a French-Italian word. Retailer-someone who cuts off or sheds a small piece from something. Retailing is the set of activities that markets products or services to final consumers for their own personal or household use. It does this by organizing their availability on a relatively large scale and supplying them to customers on a relatively small scale. Retailer is a Person or Agent or Agency or Company or Organization who is instrumental in reaching the Goods or Merchandise or Services to the End User or Ultimate Consumer.
Initial Public Offers and Due DiligenceProjects Kart
This report, as the Title “Initial Public Offers and Due Diligence: The Role of a Investment Banker”, is an attempt to bring forth the importance of the process of Due Diligence and the significance of the vital role played by the Investment Banker in managing the issue of an Initial Public Offer (IPO).
When a Company issues an IPO, it means it is going public. The issue of an IPO introduces a great degree of transparency in a Company‟s operations. All the relevant and updated information pertaining to the company is laid down before the investors so that they may make an investment decision. Again, there are set procedures, rules, regulations and laws to be followed in laying down this information before the investors. A document called the Prospectus‟ must be prepared. The Prospectus captures all the necessary information that is to be made available to the investors. Apart from the Prospectus, there are various other company documents that need to be verified and summarized in order to present them before the investors.
Influence of ADR on Underlying Stock PricesProjects Kart
Globalization has opened the door for the investors to avail various investment avenues across the globe. American Depository Receipt (ADR) is one such opportunity to the investing community. The ADR is a proxy for the Indian shares to enable them to be traded in the American stock exchanges. Various studies conducted on Depository Receipts (DRs) have shown that the trading on the DR sin the foreign market has its influence in the home country’s stock in terms of price, volatility and volume. This interested me and this project is concerned about studying “Whether the price fluctuations of ADR affect the corresponding Indian share prices?”
After the liberalization of the economy in 1991, the corporatist started sourcing their capital from both domestic and foreign markets. The Indian shares cannot be directly listed in the American stock exchanges. ADRs have been very helpful in this purpose. So a custodian bank receives the shares as deposit and issues receipt to the market. These receipts are issued in appropriate ratio to the shares deposited with the depository. The market players in the stock exchanges trade these receipts.
Impact of ERP on Organizational Functions in Retail SectorProjects Kart
The business environment has changed more in the last five years than it did in the previous five decades. Winning in today’s business climate requires more than just providing high-quality, low-cost products to customers, when and how the customers want them. The ability to respond to new customer needs and seize market opportunities as they arise, without compromising on the profitability of the firm is critical for the success of any organization. Competitive pressures frequently force manufacturers to decrease prices in spite of the fact that their internal costs continue to rise. Enterprises are continuously striving to improve themselves in the areas of quality, time to market, customer satisfaction, performance and profitability. Making informed business decisions in this manner would enable organizations to accomplish their business growth and at the same time enable them to utilize the information to competitive advantage. To make it possible for the companies to execute this vision, there is a need for an infrastructure that will provide information across all functions and locations within the organization and this is the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solution available in the market today.
The Impact of Creativity and Wow Factor in AdvertisingProjects Kart
The approach used in this report is a case study approach. It essentially deals with two aspects; creativity and WOW factor. These two terms have been defined and the impact they have in advertising has been studied. The objectives of doing such a study were to understand creativity, to define it and to find factors that elicit a WOW response from viewers.
Impact of Advertisements on Investors at HDFC Standard Life InsuranceProjects Kart
This project is managing study on “Impact of advertisement on Investors – A case study in HDFC Standard Life Insurance” The scope of study is regarding the advertisements and therefore the presence of HDFC SLIC with relation to in door advertisements and their advertisements & their effectiveness & out door advertisements, however the folks wish to watch them. to understand the notice within the public like better to watch the ads and medium.
Impact of Advertising on Customers in Tata MotorsProjects Kart
The consumer durable market in India has been very competitive in the recent years, with opening up of market for international players due to liberalization; the domestic players are facing a tough competition. So it‟s time for domestic companies to frame new strategies for their production and marketing activities. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the past activities of a company will enable the company in framing these new strategies. Such an effort has been made through this market research to know the http://www.projectskart.com/ on Customers in TATA MOTORS (A case study in AUTO MATRIX, HASSAN).
Recruitment and Selection at Aviva Life InsuranceProjects Kart
The MBA project titled “RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION” Undertaken in AVIVA life insurance.
AVIVA is a UK based insurance group. It has a long history dating back to 1834 and has a joint venture with DABUR groups. Aviva holds a 26 per cent stake in the joint venture and the Dabur group holds the balance 74 per cent share.
It is one of the leading providers of life and pensions products to Europe and has substantial businesses elsewhere around the world.
The project report is about recruitment and selection process that‟s an important part of any organization. Which is considered as a necessary asset of a company? In fact, recruitment and selection gives a home ground to the organization acumen that is needed for proper functioning of the organization.
Financial Freedom through Reverse MortgageProjects Kart
The world population structure shows that population worldwide is ageing owing to exaggerated longevity of older folks and small birth rates in developed and most developing countries. Visit www.projectskart.com for more information. In Asian nation alone, statistics show that variety of older as a proportion of population can show a 107% growth, from 113 million in 2016 and 179 million by 2026 severally.
Financial Analysis on Recession Period at M&M TractorsProjects Kart
Financial ANalysis (also stated as financial plan analysis or accounting analysis) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitable of a business, sub-business or project. Visit www.projectskart.com for more information. It is performed by professionals World Health Organization prepare reports exploitation ratios that create use of data taken from monetary statements and different reports. These reports area unit typically given to prime management mutually of their bases in creating business selections.
Effective Supply Chain Management as a Strategic AdvantageProjects Kart
TSS was established in 1913 and since then it has been in Sirsi. The products have got their own brand image and also customers. Based on the service provided by TSS to its customers we can know how the organization considers its customers and its products to the customers. A study Effective supply chain management as a strategic advantage at TSS is undertaken for assessing the supply towards the customers and to understand the expectations of the customers towards arecanut and its products which will in turn help to take appropriate action by the management for removing the loop holes.
Brand Awareness of Spencer's and Comparative Analysis with Big BazaarProjects Kart
By 2004 the retail industry was growing rapidly in India, and Spencer's Retail decided to pursue an aggressive expansion strategy. The company had the customers, the products, and the employees to make it happen. It just needed an IT infrastructure that could support rapid growth. Visit http://www.projectskart.com/p/contact-us.html for more information. Current servers were at capacity, and the company needed to upgrade before adding new stores. Amit Mukerjee, Group CIO of the RPG Group, describes the challenge as part of the learning curve for retail development in India. ―Retailing is a new business in this country. As the business matures, the process matures, and IT systems must evolve accordingly. The company also needed an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution to handle critical processes such as supply-chain management. It decided to implement mySAP ERP, now called SAP ERP, and realized the solution needed to run on high-performance servers. Spencer's Retail evaluated several possibilities, including servers from HP, IBM, and Sun Microsystems. It decided to build its IT infrastructure on Sun systems for several reasons. Sun SPARC Enterprise Servers had the performance and scalability needed to sustain its business, and they delivered higher performance at less cost. Sun's knowledge of the retail space in India, as well as its long history with RGP Enterprises, were also deciding factors.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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A project report on retail industry in global environment
1. Projectsformba.blogspot.com
A
Project Study Report
On
“RETAIL INDUSTRY IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the
Award of degree of
Master of Business Administration
(Finance)
Submitted By: -
Submitted TO:-
Department of management
SIRT-S
Sagar institute of research & technology science
AYODHYA BY PASS ROAD, BHOPAL- 462041
(Affiliated to Barkatullahl University, Bhopal)
2008-2010
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work incorporated in the present research
project entitled: “RETAIL INDUSTRY IN GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENT” is my own work and is original in nature. This
work (in Part or in full) has not been submitted to Barkatullah
University, Bhopal for the award of a degree.
Place:
Date:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere thanks to my project guide, ……………………………
………………………………….. for guiding me right from the inception till
the successful completion of the project. I sincerely acknowledge him/her/them
for extending their valuable guidance, support for literature, critical reviews of
project and the report and above all the moral support she/they had provided to
me with all stages of this project.
I would also like to thank the supporting staff of ……………………………
……………, for their help and cooperation throughout our project.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter Content Page No.
Acknowledgement II
List of Tables VI
List of Diagrams VII
(1) Introduction
1.1 Retail Industry 8-26
• What is Retail Industry?
• Structure of Retail Industry
• Evolution of Retailing
• Indian Scenario of Retail Industry
• Retail Worldwide scenario
1.2 Objectives and Role of Retail Industry 27
1.3 Review of Literature 28-34
• Major / Minor Challenges in Industry
• Example of Some Published Issue’s
1.4 Hypothesis 35-46
• Past/ Present/ Future of Industry
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• Impact of Retail Industry in India
1.5 Limitations of the Study
47-49
1.6 Methodology 50-51
• Source of Data
• Other Source
(2) Significance of the study 52
2.1 Opportunities of the Western 53
Retailers in India
2.2 Contribution of ‘FDI’ In Retailing 54
2.3 Benefits To The Indian Consumer 54
(3) Research and Analysis 55
3.1 Latest Trends in Retail Sector 56-59
3.2 Major Player of Retail Industry 60-75
(4) Finding 74
(5) Conclusion 78
(6) Bibliography 81
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Table No. Title of the Table
Page No.
1.1. Growth of Retail Industry
15
1.2. Continuation of GDP
21
1.3. World Organization Trade
25
1.4. Comparison of Retail Industry 36
3.1. World-Wide Retail 72
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Table No. Title of the Diagram Page No.
1.1. Indian Retail Market 10
1.2. Map of Income Classes 12
1.3. Organized Retail Market 13
1.4 . Growing Format in India
17
1.5 . Retailing Map in India
18
1.6. Journey of Organized Retail 20
1.7. Total Retail Sales 2007 23
1.8. US Retailing Format 25
1.9 Penetration of Retail
26
1.10 Challenges in Retail Market 28
1.11 Retail Challenge 32
3.1 Retail Analysis
58
3.2 Retail Market
59
3.3 Retail Segment 60
3.4 Retail Touches Economy 81
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Part-1.1RETAIL INDUSTRY
The word "Retail" originates from a French-Italian word. Retailer-
someone who cuts off or sheds a small piece from something. Retailing is the
set of activities that markets products or services to final consumers for their
own personal or household use. It does this by organizing their availability on a
relatively large scale and supplying them to customers on a relatively small
scale. Retailer is a Person or Agent or Agency or Company or Organization
who is instrumental in reaching the Goods or Merchandise or Services to the
End User or Ultimate Consumer.
Retail is India's largest industry. It accounts for over 10 per cent of the
India's GDP and around eight per cent of the employment. Retail sector is one
of India's fastest growing sectors with a 5 per cent compounded annual growth
rate. India's huge middle class base and its untapped retail industry are key
attractions for global retail giants planning to enter newer markets. Driven by
changing lifestyles, strong income growth and favorable demographic patterns,
Indian retail is expected to grow 25 per cent annually. It is expected that retail
in India could be worth US$ 175-200 billion by 2016.
Emerging markets such as India and China are the final frontier for retail
taking the focus away from saturated Western markets. Since 2001, 49 global
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retailers entered 90 new markets, but at the same time, 17 retailers left markets
in 2005.
The Indian retail industry in valued at about $300 billion and is expected
to grow to $427 billion in 2010 and $637 billion in 2015. Only three percent of
Indian retail is organized. Retailers of multiple brands can operate through a
franchise or a cash-and-carry wholesale model.
The Indian retail environment has attained $ 210bn quiche, witnessing a
strong development pace of five percent per year as per latest survey by Price
Waterhouse Coopers. As per the estimation 200 malls, presenting additional
50mn sq ft of retail space will be ready in next two years. Existing retail space
in 160 malls is nearly 32mn sq ft
1.1 Indian Retail Market
The analysts foresee bright future of the retail sector. A huge number of
shopping malls, nearly 100, have come up in the recent past, generating 20mn
sq ft. retail space, extending more space of about 12mn sq ft to it. Nearly 60
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malls are on the verge of completion and may be operational by the end of
current financial year. A forecasted number of nearly 200 malls, in a move to
make additional 50mn sq ft of retail space, will be completed within the next
two-years.
India retail industry is expanding itself most aggressively, as a result a
great demand for real estate is being created. Indian retailers preferred means of
expansion is to expand to other regions and to increase the number of their
outlets in a city. It is expected that by 2010, India may have 600 new shopping
centers.
In the Indian retailing industry, food is the most dominating sector and is
growing at a rate of 9% annually. The branded food industry is trying to enter
the India retail industry and convert Indian consumers to branded food. Since at
present 60% of the Indian grocery basket consists of non- branded items.
The global retail giants like Wal-Mart, Gap, Tesco, Versace, K-
Mart/SEARS, Carrefour, ZARA, FCUK, Fendi, NEXT, Mother Care, lKEA,
Trussardi, DKNY and Debenhams have made plans to march in the Indian
market.
ESPRIT, GUESS, Chanel, Mango and many other global marked their
presence in India by implementing licensing and franchisee agreements. The
global retailers on the line of control, awaiting the green signal from Govt. to
enter Indian retail market. However, the current scenario has encouraged
Indian players to speed up retail expansion and fresh retail ventures.
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Companies like Shoppers Stop, Trent, Reliance, Lifestyle, Pantaloons
Tanishq, Crossroads, Akbarallys' and Tanishq already have planned to invest
over Rs 5,000cr. Trent is on the edge to take both its brands 'Star India Bazaar'
and 'Westside' to new cities, meanwhile Shoppers' Stop has recently geared up
for expansion of present ones and to add 11 new stores including two
hypermarkets. Also, Pantaloon has planned to add eight 'Big Bazaar' malls
within the next 6 to 8 months.
After partition, Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) is substantially getting
ready to enter in field of retailing. RIL is poised to emerge as the single largest
player in this sector. On the other hand, Tosco’s, Wal-Marts or Safeway does
ultimately enter in the country. So finally, Shoppers' Stops, Westside,
Pantaloons and West sides in coming years have will face stiff competition.
1.2 Map of Income Classes
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STRUCTURE OF RETAIL INDUSTRY
The retail industry continued in India in the form of Kiranas till 1980.
Soon, following the modernization of the retail sector in India, many companies
started pouring in the retail industry in India like Bombay Dyeing, Grasim etc.
As has been mentioned earlier the retail sector in India can be widely split into
the organized and the unorganized sector.
Organized Retail Sector
After 50 years of unorganized retailing and fragmented Kiranas stores,
the Indian retail industry has finally begun to move towards modernization,
Systematization and consolidation. Today, modernization is the catch phrase
and the key to understanding retail in the next decade. Traditionally retailers
2006-07
1.3 Organized Retail Market
Have had localized operations. This localized nature of the industry is Changing
as retailers face lower growth rates and threatened profitability in home
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Markets. New geographies help them sustain top line growth in Addition to
enabling global sourcing and encasing on global advantages of getting the best
products at optimum prices.
There has been a boom in retail trade in India owing to a gradual increase
in the disposable incomes of the middle class households, as a result of good
performance of IT, Service and Infrastructure sectors. More and more players
are entering the retail business in India to introduce new formats like malls,
supermarkets, discount stores, department stores and even changing the
traditional looks of bookstores, chemist shops, and furnishing stores.
Organized retail formats prevalent globally
Supermarkets: Self-service 4000-20000 sq ft stores with shopping carts
typically focused on regular groceries, household goods and personal care
Hypermarkets: Huge stores over 40000 sq ft situated outside the town with
ample parking space aimed for bulk purchases stocking electronics, furniture
and clothing. Carrefour is the global major in this format.
Mass merchandisers: Large destination stores that sell everything at
competitive prices. They have cross-country chain operations with centralized
sourcing and a hub-and-spoke distribution. Makro and Sam's Club are leading
players in this format.
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Discounters: Aimed at bargain buyers offering less choice but deep discount on
bulk sourcing deals through controlled inventory. Aldi is the world leader in this
format.
Convenience Stores: Small stor
es located at convenient points
like petrol stations working
round the clock.
1.1 Growth of Retail Industry
Unorganized Retail Sector
The unorganized retail sector basically includes the local Kiranas, hand
cart, the vendors on the pavement etc. This sector constitutes about 98% of the
total retail trade. As 70% of the employment is generated in Agriculture sector,
hence this form of retailing is widely seen in those areas and of course to some
parts of the urban. There is a lot of hue and cry in the sector for opening of
sector for direct investment from the foreign players, but government can not
neglect the interests of small players. One of main reason of not opening this
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sector to FDI is it may shrink the employment in the unorganized sector and
expand that in the organized.
RETAILING FORMATS IN INDIA
Malls:
The largest form of organized retailing today. Located mainly in metro
cities, in proximity to urban outskirts. Ranges from 60,000 sq ft to 7,00,000 sq
ft and above. They lend an ideal shopping experience with an amalgamation of
product, service and entertainment, all under a common roof. Examples include
Shoppers Stop, Pyramid, and Pantaloon
Specialty Stores:
Chains such as the Bangalore based Kids Kemp, the Mumbai books
retailer Crossword, RPG's Music World and the Times Group's music chain
Planet M, are focusing on specific market segments and have established
themselves strongly in their sectors.
Discount Stores:
As the name suggests, discount stores or factory outlets, offer discounts
on the MRP through selling in bulk reaching economies of scale or excess stock
left over at the season. The product category can range from a variety of
perishable/ non perishable goods
• Department Stores:
Departmental Stores are expected to take over the apparel business from
exclusive brand showrooms. Among these, the biggest success is K Raheja's
Shoppers Stop, which started in Mumbai and now has more than seven large
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stores (over 30,000 sq. ft) across India and even has its own in store brand for
clothes called Stop.
Hyper marts/Supermarkets:
Large self service outlets, catering to varied shopper needs are termed as
Supermarkets. These are located in or near residential high streets. These stores
today contribute to 30% of all food & grocery organized retail sales. Super
Markets can further be classified in to mini supermarkets typically 1,000 sq ft to
2,000 sq ft and large supermarkets ranging from of 3,500 sq ft to 5,000 sq ft.
having a strong focus on food & grocery and personal sales.
Convenience Stores:
These are relatively small stores 400-2,000 sq. feet located near
residential areas. They stock a limited range of high-turnover convenience
products and are usually open for extended periods during the day, seven days a
week. Prices are slightly higher due to the convenience premium.
Mob's :
Multi Brand outlets, also known as Category Killers, offer several brands
across a single product category. These usually do well in busy market places
and Metros.
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1.4 Growing Format in India
19. Projectsformba.blogspot.com
RETAILING MAP IN INDIA
1.5 Retailing Map
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20. EVOLUTION OF RETAILING
Retailing, one of the largest sectors in the global economy, is going
through a transition phase in India. For a long time, the corner grocery store was
the only choice available to the consumer, especially in the urban areas. This is
slowly giving way to international formats of retailing. The traditional food and
grocery segment has seen the emergence of supermarkets/grocery chains,
convenience stores and fast-food chains.
The traditional grocers, by introducing self-service formats as well as
value-added services such as credit and home delivery, have tried to redefine
themselves. However, the boom in retailing has been confined primarily to the
urban markets in the country. Even there, large chunks are yet to feel the impact
of organized retailing. There are two primary reasons for this. First, the modern
retailer is yet to feel the saturation' effect in the urban market and has, therefore,
probably not looked at the other markets as seriously. Second, the modern
retailing trend, despite its cost-effectiveness, has come to be identified with
lifestyles.
In order to appeal to all classes of the society, retail stores would have to
identify with different lifestyles. In a sense, this trend is already visible with the
emergence of stores with an essentially `value for money' image. The
attractiveness of the other stores actually appeals to the existing affluent class as
21. Well as those who aspire to be part of this class. Hence, one can assume that the
retailing revolution is emerging along the lines of the economic evolution of
society.
It was only in the year 2000
that the economists put a
figure to it: Rs. 400,000
crore which is expected
develop to around Rs.
800,000 crore by the year
1.6 Journey of Organized Retail
2005 – an annual increase of 20 per cent. Retailing in India is unorganized with
poor supply chain management perspective. According to a recent survey by
some of the retail consulting bodies, an overwhelming proportion of the Rs.
400,000 crore retail markets are UNORGANISED. In fact, only a Rs. 20,000
crore segment of the market is organized. As much as 96 per cent of the 5
million-plus outlets are smaller than 500 square feet area. This means that India
per capita retailing space is about 2 square feet in comparison to 16 square feet
in the United States. India's per capita retailing space is thus the
lowest in the world.
22. INDIAN SCENARIO OF RETAIL INDUSTRY
The present value of the Indian retail market is estimated by the India
Retail Report to be around Rs. 12,00,000 crore($270 billion) and the annual
growth rate is 5.7 percent. Retail market for food and grocery with a worth of
Rs. 7,43,900 crore is the largest of the different types of retail industries present
in India. Furthermore around 15 million retail outlets help India win the crown
of having the highest retail outlet density in the world. The contribution of retail
sector to GDP has been manifested below:
Country Retail Sector's share in GDP (in %)
India 10
USA 10
China 8
Brazil 6
1.2 Continuation to GDP
As can be clearly seen, retailing in India is superior to those of its contenders.
Retail sector is a sunrise industry in India and the prospect for growth is simply
huge. There are many factors that have stimulated the rise of the shopping
centers and multiplex-malls in a jiffy. Some of them can be listed as follows:
1. Rise in the purchasing power of Indians- the rise in the per capita income
in the last few years has been magnificent. This has led to the generation of
insatiable wants of the upper and middle class. The demand of new as well as
second hand durables has risen throughout the country thus providing the
incentive for taking up retailing.
23. 2. Favorable to farmers- retailing has helped in removing the middlemen and
has thus enhanced the remuneration to farmers. This is a new revolution in the
agricultural sector in India and will go a long way in amending the condition of
agriculture, a major concern among policy makers.
3. Use of credit- a typical Indian is most conversant with using credit cards than
carrying money. This is led to shift of the consumer base towards supermarkets
and make the payments in the form of credit.
4. Comfortable Atmosphere- a visit to a retail store appears to be more
soothing for the generation-Y. People and kids prefer to shop in an air
conditioned. The retail industry is the second largest employer in India. It
currently employs about 7 percent of the total labor force in India. Finance
Minister P. Chidambaram's recent statement “salaries ought not to be
legislated” is a welcome move as most of the organized retail is in private
hands. Only 4.6% of the total retail trade is into organized sector. It generates
about Rs.55,000 crore ($12.4 billion). The major and minor players desperately
need to work hard in this direction so that next time the figures look more
decent. The government must also make an attempt to ameliorate the situation
as political instability and infrastructure namely power and roads are the major
roadblocks in the path of smooth functioning of the market.
24. PRESENT INDIAN SCENARIO
* Unorganized market: Rs. 583,000 cores
* Organized market: Rs.5, 000 cores
* 5X growth in organized retailing between 2000-2005
* Over 4,000 new modern Outlets in the last 3 years
* Over 5,000,000 sq. ft. of mall space under development
* the top 3 modern retailers control over 750,000 sq. ft. of retail space
* Over 400,000 shoppers walk through their doors every week
* 47 global fortune companies & 25 of Asia's top 200 companies are retailers
* Biggest player in India is Pantaloon Retail India Limited
* Growth in organized retailing on par with expectations and projections of the
last 5 Years: on course to touch Rs. 35,000 corers (US$ 7 Billion) or more by
2005-06
1.7 Total Retail Sales 2007
25. RETAIL : WORLDWIDE SCENARIO
China- the total sales from retail market in China reached US$755 billion in
2005. However organized retailing in China accounts for only 20% of it. Also
the fragmentation of China's retail market is so high that top 100 retailers make
up for only 10.5% of the total market. The registered sales of department stores
grew by 25.7% and that of convenience stores grew by 36.5% in 2005. The
Chinese retail market is expected to reach new highs as the population of strong
middle class is expected to double by 2020 and mergers and acquisitions among
retailers are3 going in great guns. The WTO restrictions are also expected to
have a favorable impact on its retail sector. Key Players Analyzed This section
covers the key facts about players currently operating in the China retail
industry including Shanghai Bailian Group, Beijing Gome Electric, Carrefour,
Wal-Mart Stores, Wuhan Zhongbai Group, and China Paradise Electronics
Retail.
Japan- total annual sales for the Japanese retail industry for 2003 amounted to
JPY 133,273 billion. Japan had 1.2 million retail establishments in June 2004
and there were 42,738 specialty superstores. The year 2002 to 2004 the annual
sales per store increased by 3.8%. The growth was mainly driven by the grocery
superstores but the number of superstores specializing in clothes gradually came
down. The organized retail sector in Japan couldn't perform at its full efficiency
because of collapse of the 'bubble economy' in the early 90s
26. Spain- Spain Energy Industry Spain energy consumption is estimated to have
reached 165 Million Tons of Oil Equivalent in 2006. Fossil fuels are the major
sources for energy in Spain especially Oil (49.5%) & Natural Gas (19.9%).
With the Spanish objective of energy security & diversity, and clean energy
sources, renewable sources are expected to grow at rapid pace. Key Findings §
Spain is a net energy importer, with imports accounting for 99% of its total
annual oil and natural gas consumption and 50% of its coal consumption key
players in Spain energy such as Gas Natural Group, CEPS Group, Repsol YPF,
Endesa S.A. and Gamesa.
1.3 World Trade Organization
United State- Retail is the
second-largest industry in the U.S.
by number of businesses and
number of employees. Retail sales
in the U.S. (total retail sales
1.8 US Retailing Format
27. include the categories of gasoline, automobiles, and food service) were up about
3.8% in 2007, to $4.49 trillion (Plunkett Research estimate). The 2007 growth
was driven partly by higher gasoline costs as well as by deep price discounting
during the Christmas season by mass merchandisers and year-long discounting
by automobile dealers.
Brazil- Emerging as one of the world's largest retail markets. The sales in the
industry have been growing strongly since 2003 and are expected to continue at
this momentum only over the next few years as constantly declining inflation
rate allows for continued expansion of real incomes (increasing demand for non
durable consumer goods) and credit conditions ease (sustaining demand for
durable goods). A process of consolidation of the retail industry has been
underway but overall, the market remains relatively fragmented, indicating
substantial scope for the larger players to grow their market share in future. The
top five supermarket chains account for approximately 40% of total sales.. All
the market values have been converted to US$ at May 2007 exchange rate
where, 1 Brazil Real (BRL) = US$ 0.494 (Approx).
1.9 Penetration of Retail
28. Part 1.2OBJECTIVES & ROLE OF RETAIL INDUSTRY
Retail is clearly the sector that is poised to show the highest growth in
the next five years. The sector is set for a revolution, as both the present players
and new entrants are gearing up to explore the market. This sector contributes
10% of India's GDP and the current growth rate is 8.5%. The present size of the
organized retailing sector is approximately 3% and is expected to grow to
25-30% by the year 2010. There are about 300 new malls, 1500 supermarkets
and 325 departmental stores currently under construction. Many players are
coming up with huge investments, due to which the present 12 million mom-
and-pop shops and Kiranas stores fear losing their business. Most predictions
say that the sector might reach to US$ 400-600 billion by the year 2010
The retail sector has played a phenomenal role throughout the world in
increasing productivity of consumer goods and services. It is the second largest
industry in the United States of America in terms of numbers of employees and
establishments. Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in the United States is also the
largest employer in the United States with annual sales over $ 284 Billion.
There is no denying the fact that most of the developed economies are very
much relying on their retail sector as a locomotive of growth. Analysts, CEOs,
and others are using consumer spending and consumer confidence data
originating from the retail sector as an indicator to gauge the status of the economy
29. Part 1.3CHALLENGES OF RETAIL INDUSTRY
The big challenge for the Indian retailing industry is the heterogeneity of
the market. It is up to us retailers to evolve with consumers, predict where and
what they will spend on, be there and take the highest share of their wallet and
use this last leg of the economic chain to build India. At Panta-loon, through our
delivery formats, we touch 52% of the customer’s wallet. My vision is to
capture where this new, young and emergent India is going to spend and capture
as close to 100% of their shopping.
So far, modern-format
retail has scaled up its
presence in the metros and
a few cities. However, the
future will see tier-II and,
1.10 Challenges in Retail Market
maybe, even tier-III cities attract
more retail outlets. Consumer mindset and behavior is changing in these cities.
A growing base of affluent, upwardly mobile consumers have similar needs and
desires as their urban counterparts and they are looking for instant gratification.
With satellite television, internet and mobile communication available in
smaller cities, people are increasingly exposed to how the ‘West’ lives. Tier-II
and tier-III cities present an enormous growth potential over the next five years and are
the future of modern retail in India
30. MAJOR CHALLENGES
1. Amalgamation or Confusion- According to TATA Strategic Management
Group, India has a high density retail structure of 1 retail outlet per 90 people
and is the 9th largest retail market in the world. But the structure of the retail
industry in India is in utter jumble. The parallel operation of convenience stores,
supermarkets, hypermarkets and specialty stores in the economy is bewildering.
According to the 'Wheel of Retailing Theory', certain loopholes in one of the
forms of marketing can get communicated to other forms also.
2. What to sell- Another bemusement is the category of items to be offered.
According to researches, 41 percent of total consumption expenditure goes to
the segment of food and groceries and it accounts for 77 percent of total retail
sales. So it is obvious that this is the most preferred section of retailers. But
unfortunately the foible taste bias for 'wet market' (i.e. fresh food available
through hawkers) has marred this prospect also. Therefore supply chain
management, storage of fresh perishable foods and persuading the customers
that the food is inexpensive despite being fresh are genuine challenges to the
newcomers. Diversifying the product base to consumer products such as
readymade garments, furniture’s, mobiles and computers can mitigate the
losses, if any from food marketing and also broaden the reach to consumers.
31. 3. Nostalgia- Indian shopping habits are no different. People tend to attach
qualities like honesty, fair price, good behavior etc. to shopkeepers with whom
they have been dealing right from childhood. They find no reason to go to a
distant megaspore without any genuine reason. This problem is difficult to deal
with as it demands a change in long-formed mindset. Organized retail outlets
can overcome this problem by employing eligible local peoples who can
interact in vernacular language and win the confidence of people.
4. Information Technology- This is a major problem and India must act fast if
it wishes to create a smooth field for organized retailing. Digitization of services
will make transfer of goods easy and an improvement in supply chain
management will definitely play a significant role in attracting more consumers
and less consumer grievances. Besides, it will generate easier payments option
for customer and easier money movement for the CEOs of these highly
diversified malls.
MINOR CHALLENGES
1. Human resource crunch- the concern for insufficient manpower in the
industry has been in news for the last few months. This fear is somehow
unfounded. The retail industry according to recent reports is growing at a rate of
100 percent. Kishore Biyani's Future Group i.e. the Big Bazaar chain of retail
outlet alone provides employment to more than 18,000 people and is planning
32. to expand its employment base to 34,000 by June 2008. If we add to this the
foray by mega players like Reliance and Bharti-Walmart then the fear can surely
turn into a misperception. Retailing mainly deals with hard-selling of space,
trade of stocks and building of relationships. Since most of the openings are for
front line shop people, a graduation will suffice. Nowadays many institutes also
provide post-HSC and post-graduate retail-specific courses.
2. Hindrances from government- Some political parties want the government
to amend laws and improve curbs so that the mega players can't openly
decimate the unorganized retail sector. This is a conclusion based on a myopic
outlook and must be amended for a long term strategy. The fear is baseless
because of the reasons mentioned above. The mega stores will no doubt provide
employment to the less educated masses. Also taking business away especially
from small food vendors is more easily said than done. Instead the limiting
move will send wrong signals to the investors and will ward off investments
when the states need it most. Allowing 51 percent retail FDI in single brand
retailing is a welcome move in this direction. It is expected that the government
will create further opportunities for the organized retail to come up as home
grown investment is always sweeter than foreign investment.
33. OTHER CHALLENGES:
(1) LOCATION:
"Right Place, Right choice"
Location is the most important ingredient for any business that relies on
customers, and is typically the prime consideration in a customers store choice.
Locations decisions are harder to change because retailers have to either make
sustainable investments to buy and develop real estate or commit to long term
lease with developers. When formulating decision about where to locate, the
retailer must refer to the strategic plan:
* Investigate alternative trading areas.
* Determine the type of desirable store location
* Evaluate alternative specific store sites
2) MERCHANDISE:
The primary goal of the
most retailers is to sell the
right kind of merchandise
and nothing is more
1.11 Retail Challenge
central to the strategic thrust of the retailing firm. Merchandising consists of
activities involved in acquiring particular goods and services and making them
available at a place, time and quantity that enable the retailer to reach its goals.
34. Merchandising is perhaps, the most important function for any retail
organization, as it decides what finally goes on shelf of the store.
3) PRICING:
Pricing is a crucial strategic variable due to its direct relationship with a firm's
goal and its interaction with other retailing elements. The importance of pricing
decisions is growing because today's customers are looking for good value
when they buy merchandise and services. Price is the easiest and quickest
variable to change.
4) TARGET AUDIENCE:
"Consumer the prime mover"
"Consumer Pull", however, seems to be the most important driving factor
behind the sustenance of the industry. The purchasing power of the customers
has increased to a great extent, with the influencing the retail industry to a great
extent, a variety of other factors also seem to fuel the retailing boom.
5) SCALE OF OPERATIONS:
Scale of operations includes all the supply chain activities, which are carried out
in the business. It is one of the challenges that the Indian retailers are facing.
The cost of business operations is very high in India.
35. SOME PUBLISHED ISSUE OF RETAIL INDUSTRY
The retail industry is expected to grow into a USD 427 billion industry by
2010- FICCI
India’s retail industry, which is in the middle of rapid growth, has already
scripted success stories fit to be the subject of a Bollywood film-Business
Standard
The impact of organized retailers that have seen swarming of malls lately, on
the “mom-n-pop stores” in 20 Indian cities- Indian Council of
Research in International Economic Relations (ICRIER)
Modern Retailing Comprehensive policy vital- The Hindu
Retail boom triggers ancillary industry growth- The Times of India
36. Part 1.4 PAST/ PRESENT/ FUTURE OF RETAIL INDUSTRY
Before the decade of eighties, India with hundreds of towns and cities
was a nation striving for development. The evolution was being witnessed at
various levels and the people of India were learning to play different roles as
businessmen and consumers.
Retail-which literally means to put on the market, is a very important
aspect of every city. Without a well organized retail industry we would not have
our necessities and luxuries fulfilled. Be it our daily groceries or fashion
accessories and everything in between, retail industry brings us the blissful
experience of shopping. Though organized retailing industry began much earlier
in the developed nations, India had not actively participated. However with its
vast expanse and young population, India in the 21st century emerges as a
highly potential retail market. The journey of retailing in India has been riveting
and the future promises further growth. Here is a complete picture deciphering
the past, present and future trends of Indian Retail Market.
It is widely accepted that the retail industry has undergone a drastic
change in last five years and there is yet more to come. Let us compare the
image of Indian retailing in 2004-05 to that of its status in 2007-08 in the
following table:
37. Magnification of the Indian Retail Industry
Yardstick Situation in 04-05 Situation in 07-08
Value of retail sales Rs. 10,20,000 crore Rs 12,00,000 crore
Annual growth rate 5% 5.7%
Value of organized market Rs 35,000 crore Rs 55,000 crore
Share of organized market in the 3.4% 4.6%
sector
Forecasts (after 5 years) about Over Rs. 1,00,000 Rs. 2,00,000 crore
size of organized retail market crore
Forecasts about growth rate of Around 30% Around 40%
organized retail market
1.4 Comparison of Retail Industry
The above table clearly shows that the retail market as well as the mindset
required for it has experienced a thorough revisal in the last three years. This is
just the beginning and Indians are sanguine that the sector will see rosy days in
the future. This confidence has helped India acquire the No.1 position among 30
most attractive retailing destinations in the world according to the Global Retail
Development Index of 2005 (by AT Kearney, India). Among emerging markets,
India holds the second position after China in the list of most favored retail
destinations
Past – Retail Industry in India
Before the decade of eighties, India with hundreds of towns and cities
was a nation striving for development. The evolution was being witnessed at
38. various levels and the people of the nation were learning to play different roles
as businessmen and consumers. The foundation for a strong economy were
being laid, youth were beckoning new awareness in all spheres. And this
brought in an opportunity for retail industry to flourish. First in the metros and
major cities later to impact sub urban and rural market as well.
Retailing in India at this stage was completely unorganized and it thrived as
separate entities operated by small and medium entrepreneurs in their own
territories. There was lack of international exposure and only a few Indian
companies explored the retail platform on a larger scale. From overseas only
companies like Levi's, Pepe, Marks and Spencer etc. had entered targeting
upper middle and rich classes of Indians. However as more than 50 %
population was formed by lower and lower middle class people, the market was
not completely captured. This was later realized by brands like Big Bazaar and
Pantaloons who made their products and services accessible to all classes of
people and today the success of these brands proves the potential of Indian retail
market.
A great shift that ushered in the Indian Retail Revolution was the eruption
of Malls across all regional markets. Now at its peak, the mall culture actually
brought in the organized format for Retailing in India which was absent
earlier.To your surprise there was not a single mall in India a decade before and
just a few years ago only a handful of them were striving, today there are more
39. than 50 malls across different cities and 2 years from now around 500 malls are
predicted to come up.
Present – Retail Industry in India
At present the Retail industry in India is accelerating. Though India is
still not at an equal pace with other Asian counterparts, Indian is geared to
become a major player in the Retail Market. The fact that most of the developed
nations are saturated and the developing ones still not prepared, India secures a
great position in the international market. Also with a highly diverse
demography, India provides immense scope for companies brining in different
products targeting different consumers.
According to the Global Retail Development Index, India is positioned as the
foremost destination for Retail investment and business development. The
factor that is presently playing a significant role here is the fact that a large
section of Indian population is in the age group of 20-34 with a considerably
high purchasing power; this has caused the increase in the demand in the urban
market resulting in consistent growth in the Retail business.
And though the metros and other tier 1 cities continue to sustain Retail
growth, the buzz has now shifted from these great cities to lesser known ones.
As the spending power is no longer limited to metros, every tier 2 city in the
country has good market for almost every product or service. Due to this, tier 2
cities like Chandigarh, Coimbatore, Pune, Kolkatta, Ahmedabad, Baroda,
40. Hyderabad, Cochin, Nagpur, Indore, Trivandrum etc. provide a good platform
for a brand to enter Indian market.
However there are a few precautions for every brand that explores Indian
market. As Indian consumers are very curious and have a broad perspective,
they respond well to a new product or concept and there are very fair chances of
a brand surviving well, but every Indian consumer be it an urbanite or a small
town dweller needs a feeling of value for money. Although labeled as tight
fisted, Indian consumers are great spenders once they realize that they are
getting value for their money. Also new product /service concepts from the
western world are better adopted first by the urban Indians, the smaller markets
respond well to the need based retailing rather than luxury concepts.
As the Indian retailing is getting more and more organized various retail
formats are emerging to capture the potential of the market.
* Mega Malls
* Multiplexes
* Large and small supermarkets
* Hypermarkets
* Departmental stores are a few formats which flourishing in the both big and
small regional markets.
As the major cities have made the present retail scenario pleasant, the future of
the Indian Retailing industry lies in the rural regions. Catering to these
consumers will bring tremendous business to brands from every sector.
41. However as the market expands companies entering India will have to be more
cautious with their strategic plans.
Future – Retail Industry in India
According to a study the size of the Indian Retail market is currently
estimated at Rs. 704 crores which accounts for a meager 3 % of the total retail
market. As the market becomes more and more organized the Indian retail
industry will gain greater worth. The Retail sector in the small towns and cities
will increase by 50 to 60 % pertaining to easy and inexpensive availability of
land and demand among consumers.
Growth in India Real estate sector is also complementing the Retail
sector and thus it becomes a strong feature for the future trend. Over a period of
next 4 years there will be a retail space demand of 40 million sq. ft. However
with growing real estate sector space constraint will not be there to meet this
demand. The growth in the retail sector is also caused by the development of
retail specific properties like malls and multiplexes.
According to a report, from the year 2003 to 2008 the retail sales are
growing at a rate of 8.3% per annum. With this the organized retail which
currently has only 3% of the total market share will acquire 15-20 % of the
market share by the year 2010.
Factors that are playing a role in fuelling the bright future of the Indian
Retail are as follows:
42. The income of an average Indian is increasing and thus there is a
proportional increase in the purchasing power.
The infrastructure is improving greatly in all regions is benefiting the
market.
Indian economy and its policies are also becoming more and more liberal
making way for a wide range of companies to enter Indian market.
Indian population has learnt to become a good consumer and all national
and international brands are benefiting with this new awareness.
Another great factor is the internet revolution, which is allowing foreign
brands to understand Indian consumers and influence them before
entering the market. Due to the reach of media in the remotest of the
markets, consumers are now aware of the global products and it helps
brands to build themselves faster in a new region
However despite these factors contributing to the growth of Indian retail
Industry, there are a few challenges that the industry faces which need to be
dealt with in order to realize the complete scope of growth in Indian market.
Foreign direct investment is not allowed in retail sector, which can be a concern
for many brands. But Franchise agreements circumvent this problem. Along
with this regulations and local laws and real estate purchase restrictions bring
up challenges. And with Good Planning, Timely Implementation and a media
campaign that touches Indian consumers any brand can go far ahead in the
Indian Retail Revolution.
43.
44. IMPACT OF RETAIL INDUSTRY IN GLOBAL WORLD
Organized retailing is spreading and making its presence felt in different
parts of the Country. The trend in grocery retailing however, has been slightly
different with a Growth concentration in the South. Though there was
traditional family owned retail Chains in South India such as Nilgiri’s as early
as 1905, the retail revolution happened With the RPG group starting the Food
world chain of food retail outlets in South India With focus on Chennai,
Hyderabad and Bangalore markets, preliminarily. The Experiment has reaped
rich dividends and the group is now foraying into other Territories as well as.
Owing to the success of Food world model of RPG group, several new models
such as Trinethra, Subhiksha, Margin Free and others have made their foray
into this sector albeit at regional levels. Today the food retail sector in India is
about Rupees Ten Lakh Crores (USD 200 billions) of which the organized food
retail segment is about 1 per cent and increasing at a pace of over 20% year to
year.
To be successful in food retailing in India essentially means to draw away
shoppers from, the roadside hawkers and Kiranas stores to supermarkets. This
transition can be achieved to some extent through pricing, so the success of a
food retailer depends on how best he understands and squeezes his supply
chain. The other major factor is that of Convenience shopping which the
supermarket has the edge over the traditionalKiranas Stores. On an average a
45. supermarket stocks up to 5000 SKU’s against few hundreds stocked at an
average Kiranas stores.
Though with excellent potential, India poses a complex situation for a
retailer, as this is a Country where each State is a mini-Country by itself. The
demography’s of a region Vary quite distinctly from others. In order to appeal
to all classes of the society, retail Stores would have to identify with different
lifestyles. Hence we may find more of Regional players and it would take
enormously long time before nation wide successful Retail chains emerge. This
is the main reason as to why the successful retail chains in the Countries today
operate at regional segments only and are not aiming at nation wide Presence, at
least for the time being.
In the organized retail industry, the gestation periods are long,
institutional funding is Difficult, and there is none or little Government support.
But the belief among top Retailer chains in the country is that the industry will
see large investments coming once. The current ban on foreign direct
investment is lifted. But that could be two-three years Away. Food and grocery
retailing is a tough business in India with margins being very Low and
consumers not dissatisfied with existing shops where they buy. For example, the
next-door grocery shopkeeper is smart and delivers good customer service,
though not value.
46. As of now, while Chennai has about five organized food and grocery retail
chains, other big cities such as Delhi, Bangalore, and Mumbai average only
two-three such chains. Almost all food retail players have been region-
specific as far as geographical presence is concerned in the country. To
illustrate with examples, the RPG Group's Food World, Nilgiri’s, Margin Free,
Giant, Varkey's and Subhiksha, all of which are more or less spread in the
Southern region; Sabka Bazaar has a presence only in and around Delhi; names
such as Haiko and Radhakrishna Food-land are Mumbai-centric; while Adani is
Ahmedabad-centric. Industry topography in India is such that spreading
presence across cities is a tough call. As pointed out by many experts, organized
food and grocery retailing chains going national requires significant
investments. Retailing within this sector is not just about the front-end, but
involves complex supply chain and logistics issues as well.
The trend and mindset of the present retailer chains in India can be best
understood by studying Food-World as an example, which came in first in the
food and grocery retailing sector. The chain has no plans to venture beyond the
Southern region just yet. Current plans are to focus on the Southern markets and
achieve saturation. The intention is that by 2005, they could look at the other
regions. Subhiksha, a Chennai based discount chain, too wants to be the
principal store of purchase for at least 40 per cent of all consumers living within
47. 500-750 meters of the store, that is, within walking distance. This makes the
point very clear that the strategy among most existing retail chains of various
formats is to completely saturate the markets where they are already established
players and then move on to virtually untouched areas where the challenge of
sourcing resources and extending their supply chain model to best suit the size
and expanse of the market would be a challenging task.
Meanwhile, the RPG group plans to take its new formats such as Giant
Hypermarkets national over the next three years. Grocery is a large component
of this format, but not the only one. To elaborate on the hurdles of going pan-
Indian, fundamentally, the way a basic grocery retailing model works is that the
high set-up costs in terms of setting up buying/ distribution infrastructure is
gradually amortized over a larger number of stores. The back-end costs without
distribution centre costs, or what in retail jargon is called retail administration
costs, should stabilize at around 2.5 per cent to 3 per cent of sales.
48. Part-1.5 There are many problems face by Retail industry in Indian Market. They are
following:-
The format does not suit rural India: While the format suits the urban areas,
it does not suit the rural areas in a country like India. Today, in Indian,
organized retailing is confined to class A cities, the 23 largest cities. About 82
per cent of organized retailing comes form the top six cities and another 12
percent from the next four. Thus, the top 10 cities account for 94 per cent of all
organized retailing in India. The scattered location of consumers has been the
main deterrent to the rapid spread of the idea in the rural areas.
Purchasing patterns not very conducive: Even in urban centers, the
purchasing patterns of the Indian consumers differ form those of westerners.
Whereas in the west, the purchases are spread better over the month, in India.
Purchases are by and large made in the first week of the month. Theirs perhaps
has a correlation to patterns of payment of wages; Purchasing patterns differ
also because of the difference in the eating habits of people.
Inadequate growth of brands: Inadequate growth of brands is another factor,
In India, branding was almost not-existent in convenience products until
recently; this has naturally inhibited retailing through sophisticated chains.
Supply chain problems: As suppliers are not properly organized in the country,
replenishment of stock poses problems for large chains. Source development
also poses special problems.
Being family businesses, retailing enterprises have limitation in expansion;
Yet another reason for the slow pick up of mega retailing idea in India is that all
49. along retail enterprises have been family concerns. And, family businesses
usually have a limitation in expansion,
Example of Vivek’s; The Vivek’s (Formerly Vivek’s & Co. ) of Chennai, is an
example. For the past several years, it remained rather small because of its
family character. During the three decades from 1965 to 1995, it had just three
showrooms. It was a family concern and remained for a long time, a single store
outfit, managed by the father and assisted by his three sons. Once the father
grew old, the sons started managing the business, and because there were three
sons engaged in the business, the enterprise went in for three showrooms. In
recent years, however, it has emerged as a major chain, as it has shed its family
business character, now it is actually the largest consumer durable chain in the
country. It has big sales volumes and multiple locations.
Real estate problems; Real estate is an integral requirement of large scale
chain store operation. One needs a large number of stores in each city to achieve
optimum scale. Also, big chains have to operate in several cities. Real estate
thus becomes crucial. That is why groups that have been in real estate and hotel
businesses are more comfortable in branching off into retailing. Fro other firms,
real estate development are a problem; they don not command property in prime
locations.
50. Other Limitation of Retail Industry
The organized retail industry in India is faced with stiff competition from the
unorganized sector.
There is a shortage of quality real estate and infrastructure requirements in
our country.
Opposition to Foreign Direct Investment from small traders affects retail
industry.
A very high stamp duty on transfer of property affects the industry.
Shortage of retail space in central and downtown locations also hinders the
growth of retail industry.
Presence of strong Pro-tenancy laws makes it difficult to evict tenants and
this is posing problems.
Land-use conversion is time consuming and becoming complex.
For settling property disputes, it consumes lot of time.
Non residents are not allowed to own property except they are of Indian
origin.
Inadequacies in infrastructure such as lack of high quality road networks,
power shortages and insufficient storage spaces
The retail industry loses to the tune of US$120 to US$130 million every year
in frauds ,thefts and employee pilferage, shop lifting, vendor frauds or inacc
urate supervision despite using standard and modern security features.
51. Part 1.6 SOURCE OF DATA
Data’s are the useful information or any forms of document designed in a
systematic and standardize manner which are used for some further
proceedings. One of the important tools for conducting marketing research is
the availability of necessary and useful data. Some time the data are available
readily in one form or the other and some time the data are collected afresh. The
sources of Data fall under two categories, Primary Source and Secondary
Sources.
Primary Data- the primary data was collected through the following
activities:
Filled the Retail Industry related questionnaire to managers of a select group of
companies And Paper Conversation
Secondary Data- the secondary data was collected through the following:
Online Research material of the Various Institution/Outlets directly or indirectly
involved with Retail Industry, Secondary Data used in External Source of
Information Like internet, magazine, paper cutting
52. OTHER SOURCE
Information Sources
Information has been sourced from namely, books, newspapers, trade
journals, and white papers, industry portals, government agencies, trade
associations, monitoring industry news and developments, and through
access to access to more than 3000 paid databases.
Analysis Method
The analysis methods include the following: Ratio Analysis, Historical
Trend Analysis, Linear Regression Analysis using software tools,
Judgmental Forecasting and Cause and Effect Analysis etc.
54. Part 2.1 OPPORTUNITIES OF THE WESTERN RETAILERS
IN INDIA
The retail industries in the western countries have reached a point of
saturation and there is no way of expanding. In this backdrop the retail giants
are trying to make their mark in the retail market of countries that still have
untapped potential of expansion. India happens to be one of them. AT Kearney
has constructed the Global Retail Development Index which has helped the
western retailers to identify the countries in which investments could be made.
Opportunities in India have attracted the western retailers like Wal-Mart,
Euroset, and Supervalu who have plans to enter as single branded retailers. In
gauging whether to enter, the companies keep into account the timing factor that
is whether the consumers are ready to accept the products that are offered by
them. It is highly possible that there are potentials in the market but the
consumer preferences are skewed against the products that are offered.
55. Part 2.2 CONTRIBUTION OF ‘FDI’ IN RETAILING
Permitting Foreign Direct Investment in the retailing sector can have immense
benefits. It can generate huge employment for the semi-skilled as well as illiterate population
which otherwise can't be employed in the already confined rural and organized sector. The
retail sector is highly dependent on the rural sector. Thus it can facilitate the improvement of
the standard of living of farmers by purchasing commodities at a reasonable cost. It also
stems out an indirect employment generation channel by training and employing people in
the transportation and distribution sectors such as drivers, mechanics etc. It is also evident
that real estate is a genuine challenge for organized retailing. Traditional retailers can use this
situation in their favor by taking franchisees of the mega players of this industry. On the
other hand, the consumer gains from the wide variety of choices and a more diversified
basket of prices available under one roof. Secondly the indirect benefits like better roads,
online marketing, expansion of telecom sector etc. will give a 'big push' to other sectors
including the rural one itself. Last but not the least the huge tax revenue generated from these
retail biggies and collected in government coffers will gradually wipe out the ugly looking
fiscal and revenue deficits. Besides the transaction in foreign currencies by these MNCs will
create a balance in exchange rate and will bring in stable funds in the economy as opposed to
FII's hot money. This will in turn act as a boost to the developing (or 'transforming', as
suggested by the USAID) economy of India.
Part 2.3 BENEFITS TO THE INDIAN CONSUMER:
One has to agree that the entrance of big players will ensure the higher
quality of service and produce being sold to the consumers. There are other
indirect benefits in terms of choice and pricing that will be passed along to the
consumers as the big retailers will compete with each Other for greater share of
the market.
57. Part 3.1 LATEST TRENDS IN RETAIL SECTOR
Today, retail in India is huge, close to $200 billion, of which organized
retail accounts for just $6 billion. This $200 billion should become $300 billion
in the next five to six years. This is a time when organized retailing is just
getting into full steam and the opportunity is huge. Organized retail in India is
expected to grow at 40% for the next five years, thanks to the nascent stage of
modern retail and the ‘malling’ of India.
It is expected that by 2016 modern retail industry in India will be worth
US$ 175- 200 billion. India retail industry is one of the fastest growing
industries with revenue expected in 2007 to amount US$ 320 billion and is
increasing at a rate of 5% yearly. A further increase of 7-8% is expected in the
industry of retail in India by growth in consumerism in urban areas, rising
incomes, and a steep rise in rural consumption. It has further been predicted that
the retailing industry in India will amount to US$ 21.5 billion by 2010 from the
current size of US$ 7.5 billion. The retail sector would generate employment for
more than 2.5 million people by the year 2010, says an analysis by Ma Foi
Management Consultants Ltd. And A KPMG report says that the organized
retail would grow at a higher rate than GDP in the next five years
58. Recent Trends & Changes
• Retailing in India is witnessing a huge revamping exercise as can be seen in
the graph
• India is rated the fifth most attractive emerging retail market: a potential
goldmine
• Multiple drivers leading to a consumption boom:
• Favorable demographics
• Growth in income
• Increasing population of women
• Raising aspirations : Value added goods sales
3.1 Retail Analysis
• Organized retailing in India has been largely an urban phenomenon with
affluent classes and growing number of double-income households.
59. • Rural markets emerging as a huge opportunity for retailers reflected in the
share of the rural market across most categories of consumption.
• Companies using their own web portal or tie-sups with horizontal players
like Rediff.com and Indiatimes.com to offer products on the web
• Spencer's is also planning to set up 500 more stores by June 2008 with an
investment of nearly US$ 125.89 million
• DLF plans to invest US$ 4.02 billion over four years to develop about 20
large shopping malls across the country
•Israeli mall developer
Plaza Center NV plans to
invest US$ 1.25 billion
over the next five-seven
years to set up 50 malls
3.2 Retail Market in India.
Size
• Reliance Retail is going ahead with plans worth an investment of US$ 3.77
billion for setting up 205 stores
• IT is a tool that has been used by retailers ranging from Amazon.com to
eBay to radically change buying behavior across the globe
• Experimentation with formats: Retailing in India is still evolving and the
sector is witnessing a series of experiments across the country with new
60. formats being tested out. Ex. Quasi-mall, sub-urban discount stores, Cash
and carry etc
• Unorganized retailing is getting organized: To meet the challenges of
organized retailing such as large cineplexes, and malls, which are backed by
the corporate house such as 'Ansals' and 'PVR‘ the unorganized sector is
getting organized. 25 stores in Delhi under the banner of Provision mart are
joining hands to combine monthly buying. Bombay Bazaar and E-food mart
formed which are aggregations of Kiranas.
• Emergence of discount stores: They are expected to spearhead the
organized retailing revolution. Stores trying to emulate the model of Wal-
Mart. Ex. Big Bazaar, Bombay Bazaar, RPGs
3.3 Retail Segments
61. Part 3.2 MAJOR PLAYER OF RETAIL INDUSTRY
The Indian retail sector has been euphoria over the last five years. India
topped the A.T. Kearney's Global Retail Development Index for two
consecutive years and this has infatuated Indian as well as foreign retail players
to go gaga on the merchandising track. According to geographical expansion,
Delhi/NCR and Mumbai are the felicitated regions as the top companies have
rated the spending potential of consumers in the vicinity of the national capital
and the financial capital as excellent. Other metros such as Kolkata, Chennai,
Hyderabad and Bangalore have caught the sight of investors but their fortunes
are yet to be illuminated. Companies like the Future Group, Reliance, Bharti-
Walmart, DLF etc. have shown the way for other to enter. The countries are
expecting a surge in the growth sprint and let’s hope for the best.
Top Companies: An analysis
Big Bazaar is a chain of department stores in
India, currently with 75 outlets. It is owned by
the Pantaloon Retail India Ltd, Future Group. It works on the same economy
model as Wal-Mart and has considerable success in many Indian cities and
small towns. The idea was pioneered by entrepreneur Kishore Biyani, the
CEO of Future Group. Currently Big Bazaar stores are located only in India.
62. It is the biggest and the fastest growing chain of department store and aims at
being 350 stores by the end of year 2010.
It offers all types of household items such as home furnishing, utensils, fashion
products etc. It has a grocery department and vegetable section known as the
Food Bazaar and its online shopping site is known as FutureBazaar.com. The
real estate fund management company promoted by the Future Group expects to
develop more than 50 projects across India covering a combined area of more
than 16 million sq. ft. On April 1 2007, Big Bazaar had to shut its outlets in
Mumbai as the 120 retrenched employees called a strike with the support of
Bhatia Kamgar Sena (the trade Union wing of Shiv Sena). Later the
management agreed to reinstate the sacked workers
Pantaloon Retail India Ltd, is India’s leading
retail company with presence across food, fashion,
home solutions and consumer electronics, books and music, health, wellness
and beauty, general merchandise, communication products, E-tailing and leisure
and entertainment.
Headquartered in Mumbai (Bombay), has over 450 stores across 30 cities in
India and employs over 18,000 people. Pantaloon founded by Mr. Kishore
Biyani. The company owns and manages multiple retail formats catering to a
wide cross-section of the Indian society and its width and depth of merchandise
helps it capture almost the entire consumption basket of the Indian consumer.
63. Founded in 1987, as a garment manufacturing company, Pantaloon Retail
forayed into modern retail in 1997 with the opening up of a chain of department
stores, Pantaloons. In 2001, it launched Big Bazaar, a hypermarket chain,
followed by Food Bazaar, a supermarket chain. It went on to launch Central, a
first of its kind, seamless mall located in the heart of major Indian cities. Some
of its other formats include, Collection I (home improvement products), E-Zone
(consumer electronics), Depot (books, music, gifts and stationeries), all (fashion
apparel for plus-size individuals), Shoe Factory (footwear) and Blue Sky
(fashion accessories). It has recently launched its retailing venture,
futurebazaar.com.
In India's chaotic markets, Kishore Biyani is the unchallenged king of retail. He
has the knack of catching rivals off-guard and striking where it hurts most. And
now that he's set himself the task of retaining control of the largest retail space
in the country, he won't let anyone - suppliers or international promoters
included - catch him slacking. The latest to face the wrath of the 43-year-old is
South African hypermarket Shop rite, which opened shop in Mumbai last month
through a franchise agreement with local company Normal Lifestyle.
The hypermarket began retailing products from big boys Nestle, Unilever and
Procter & Gamble at consumer discounts of 20-30 per cent, lower than even
Biyani's purchase prices in his Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar stores.
64. Reliance Fresh is the retail chain division of
Reliance Industries of India which is headed by
Mr.Mukesh Ambani. Reliance has entered into this segment by opening new
retail stores into almost every metropolitan and regional area of India. Reliance
plans to invest Rs 25000 cores in the next 4 years in their retail division and
plans to begin retail stores in 784 cities across the country. The Reliance Fresh
supermarket chain is RIL’s Rs 25,000 crore venture and it plans to add more
stores across different g, and eventually have a pan-India footprint by year
2011. The super marts will sell fresh fruits and vegetables, staples, groceries,
fresh juice bars and dairy products and also will sport a separate enclosure and
supply-chain for non-vegetarian products. Besides, the stores would provide
direct employment to 5 lakh young Indians and indirect job opportunities to a
million people, according to the company. The company also has plans to train
students and housewives in customer care and quality services for part-time
jobs.
Reliance Fresh recently (24th Jan, 2007) opened several "Fresh" outlets in
Chennai, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Mumbai, Chandigarh, Ludhiana
increasing its total store count to 40. Reliance is still testing its retail concepts
by controlled entry beginning in the southern states
65. Subhiksha is an Indian retail chain with
more than 760 outlets selling groceries, fruits,
vegetables, medicines and mobile phones. It was started and is managed by Mr.
R. Subramaniam, IIM Ahmedabad alumni. He also plans to invest Rs.500 crore
to increase the number of outlets to 2000 across the country by 2009.
Derived from the Sanskrit word, Subhiksham or "giver of all things good", It
opened its first store in Thiruvanmiyur in Chennai in March, 1997 with an
investment of about Rs. 5 lakh. The retail chain has seen a considerable growth
by offering goods at cheaper rates and there by increasing its customer base. It
is also dubbed as India's largest retail chain. Vision to deliver consistently better
value to Indian consumers, has guided Subhiksha to deliver savings to all
consumers on each and every item that they need in their daily lives, 365 days a
year, without any compromise on quality of goods purchased.
Subhiksha now has the pan Indian presence with stores across Delhi, UP,
Punjab, Hariyana, Gujarat, Maharashtra, AP, Karnataka and TN. It has recently
commenced operation in Kerala also. Today, it is a multi-location,
professionally managed and vibrant organization. Subhiksha now has even
opened Specialized Mobile shops called Subhiksha Mobile where mobiles are
sold at a discounted price
Subhiksha is India's largest supermarket, pharmacy and telecom chain. Started
in 1997 as a single store entity in South Chennai, it is now present nationally
across 1000 outlets and spread across more than 90 cities. You can now locate
66. the nearest Subhiksha store in your area with the Store Locators. ICICI Venture
Capital has a 24% stake in Subhiksha.
Food world is a chain of supermarket stores. It
was started in May 1996 as a division of Spencer & Co, a part of the RPG
Group. In August 1999 it became a separate company. Currently it operates 89
stores in Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Erode, Hyderabad, Kodai,
Pondichery, Pune, Secunderabad, Salem, Trivandrum and Vellore
DLF Retail Developers Ltd. is one of the troikas
of the DLF Group. Besides being India's largest real estate developer, DLF is
also of the leaders in innovating shopping malls in India. It caught public eye
when it launched the 2, 50,000 sq ft. shopping mall in Gurgaon. It has brought a
dramatic change in the lifestyles and entertainment with its City Centers and DT
Cinemas. DLF has plans to invest Rs. 2000-3000 crore in all the emerging areas
from metros to class cities in the next two years. Till last year the company was
involved in building 18 malls out of which 10 were in the NCR region. Future
plans of DLF involve opening up of 100 malls (specialty malls, big box
retailing and integrated malls) across 60 cities in next 8-10 years. They are
slowly transforming into 'lease' and 'revenue share' models.
Local players like ITC, the A.V. Birla Group and Tatas have given the hints to
67. enter organized retail. France’s Carrefour SA and Britain’s Tesco too were
recently in news for their future plans to explore the Indian retail market
Bharti Retail, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bharti
Enterprises. Has announced two joint ventures (JV)with
the international retailing behemoth, Wal-Mart. The first JV ensures cash and
carry business, in which 100 percent FDI is permitted and it can sell only to
retailers and distributors. The second JV concerns the franchise arrangement.
Sunil Mittal, Chairman of the Bharti Group assured that the ventures will use
“low prices every day” and “best practices for the satisfaction of the customer”.
Processed foods and vegetables will be delivered by Bharti Field Fresh, Bharti's
JV with Rothschild. Bharti Retail aims to foray every city with a population
exceeding 1 million. It has plans to come up with an investment of more than $2
billion in convenience stores, supermarkets and hypermarkets spread over an
aggregate 10 million sq. ft. The expansion drive looks ambitious but analysts
are worried that Bharti may face stiff competition from Pantaloon and Reliance
as they too have sanguine plans to flood the markets with thousands of retail
outlets in the coming five years. Bharti Telecom also has plans to offer all its
fixed and mobile telecom products and services from a single window to the
SMB (Small and Medium Business) enterprises under the Bharti Infotel
division...
68. Lifestyle is part of the Landmark Group, a
Dubai-based retail chain. With over 30 years’
experience in retailing, the Group has become the foremost retailer in the Gulf.
Positioned as a trendy, youthful and vibrant brand that offers customers a wide
variety of merchandise at exceptional value for money, Lifestyle began
operations in 1998 with its first store in Chennai in 1999 and now has 13
Lifestyle stores, 5 Home Centers and 1 Baby shop store across Chennai,
Hyderabad, Bangalore, Gurgaon, Delhi, Mumbai and Ahmedabad.
Business World-IMRB Most Respected Company Awards Survey has rated
Lifestyle as the Most Respected Company in the Retail Sector in 2003 and
2004. Lifestyle has also been awarded the ICICI-KSA Technopak Award for
Retail Excellence in 2005, the Reid & Taylor Retailer of the Year Award for
2006 and more recently, the Lycra Images Fashion Award for the Most Admired
Large Format Retailer of the Year in 2006
The foundation of Shopper's Stop was laid on
October 27, 1991 by the K. Raheja Corp. group of
companies Shoppers’ Stop aims to position itself as a
global retailer. The company intends to bring the world’s best retail technology,
retail practices and sales to India. Currently, they are adding 4 to 5 new stores
every year with an immense amount of expertise and credibility, Shopper's Stop
69. has become the highest benchmark for the Indian retail industry Shopper's Stop
in the only retailer from India to become a member of the prestigious
Intercontinental Group of Departmental Stores (IGDS).
With its wide range of merchandise, exclusive shop-in-shop counters of
international brands and world-class customer service, Shoppers’ Stop brought
international standards of shopping to the Indian consumer providing them with
a world class shopping experience. The stores offer a complete range of apparel
and lifestyle accessories for the entire family. From apparel brands like
Provogue, Color Plus, Arrow, Levi’s, Scullers, Zodiac to cosmetic brands like
Lakme, Chambor, Le Teint Ricci etc., Shoppers’ Stop caters to every lifestyle
need. Shoppers' Stop retails its own line of clothing namely Stop, Life, Kashish,
Vettorio Fratini and DIY. The merchandise at Shoppers’ Stop is sold at a quality
and price assurance backed by its guarantee stamp on every bill. Their
motto: “We are responsible for the goods we sell”.
Vishal Mega Mart is one of fastest growing
retailing groups in India. Its outlets cater to almost all
price ranges. The showrooms have over 70,000 products range which fulfills all
your household needs, and can be catered to less than one roof. It is covering
about 1996592 lac sq. ft. in 18 states across India. Each store gives you
international quality goods and prices hard to match. The cost benefits that is
derived from the large central purchase of goods and services is passed on to the
70. consumer the group had a turnover of Rs. 1463.12 million for fiscal 2005, under
the dynamic leadership of Mr. Ram Chandra Aggarwal. The group had of
turnover Rs 2884.43 million for fiscal 2006 and Rs. 6026.53 million for
fiscal 2007.the group’s prime focus is on retailing. The Vishal stores offer
affordable family fashion at prices to suit every pocket.
Welspun Retail Limited (W.R.L.) was established in
2003 as a part of Welspun Group, one of the fastest growing
business conglomerates in India. Welspun is a U.S. $1 billion group, into
diverse businesses, industries, regions and has six companies under the
umbrella brand. Our International Home Textiles Company; Welspun India
Limited (W I L) launched its Indian retail division, WRL with an aim to capture
the Home Textiles market in 2003. The Retail brands, SPACES- Home &
Beyond has carved its niche with its fashion driven model in the country's major
metros, while Welhome targets a larger audience with its value for money
model. The turn over of the Retail division stands at 100 crore, expected to
double in the next 5 years
Key Differentiating Attributes
W.R.L. is the first Retailer of soft furnishing for "Home" in India.
W.R.L. has two models that cater to both, the aspiration clientele and the
value for money conscious clientele.
Launched Spaces -Home & Beyond and Welhome (Welspun Factory Outlet)
in the same year.
71. Phenomenal growth anticipated in FY 2007-08.
Design Studio ranks amongst the best in the country.
Panel of International Designers for the new collections.
Offer specialized products at affordable prices, Bed sheets starting at Rs. 199,
towels starting at Rs. 79 and Curtains starting at Rs. 99
Trent is the retail arm of the TATA
group. Started in 1998, Trent operates Westside, one of the many growing
retail chains in India. The foresight of the TATA Group, which invested in retail
relatively early, is paying high dividends as retail is one of the booming sectors
in India. The company has a turnover of Rs. 357.6 crores (FY 2005-2006) and
currently operates 22 stores in the major metros and mini metros of India. An
international shopping experience, a perception of values, and offering the latest
styles, has created a loyal following for Westside's own brand of merchandise.
Westside was named the 'Most Admired Large Format Retail Chain of the Year'
by the Lycra Images Fashion Awards 2005.Westside operates stores in
Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune,
Surat, Vadodara, Indore, Noida, Gurgaon, Ghaziabad, Mysore, Jaipur,
Lucknow, Nagpur.
72. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is an American
public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores. It is
the world's largest public corporation by revenue, according to the 2007 Fortune
Global 500. Founded by Sam Walton in 1962, it was incorporated on October
31, 1969. It opened its home office and first distribution center in Bentonville,
Arkansas. It had 38 stores operating with 1,500 employees and sales of $44.2
million .Wal-Mart is the largest grocery retailer in the United States, with
an estimated 20% of the retail grocery and consumables business, as well as the
largest toy seller in the U.S., with an estimated 22% share of the toy market.
Wal-Mart is the largest private user of electricity in the US. Owns a subsidiary
electric company in Texas, and will possibly move into the power business. It is
also undertaking a number of environmentally conscious initiatives to reduce
energy usage and waste. Wal-Mart operates in Mexico as Walmex, in the UK as
ASDA, and in Japan as Seiyu. It has wholly-owned operations in Argentina,
Brazil, Canada, Puerto Rico, and the UK. Wal-Mart's investments outside North
America have had mixed results: its operations in South America and China are
highly successful, but it sold its retail operations in South Korea and Germany
in 2006 after sustained losses. On September 12, 2007, Wal-Mart introduced
new advertising with the slogan, "Save Money Live Better," replacing the
"Always Low Prices, Always" slogan, which it had used for the previous 19
years. Global Insight, which conducted the research that supported the
ads, found that Wal-Mart's price level reduction resulted in savings for
73. consumers of $287 billion in 2006, which equated to $957 per person or $2,500
per household
3.1 World-Wide Retailers
Carrefour SA is a French international hypermarket
chain, with a global network of outlets. The group
was created by Marcel Fournier and Denis Deffore in 1957. It is the second
largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue after Wal-Mart. Carrefour
operates mainly in Europe, Brazil, Argentina, Dominican Republic and
Colombia, but also has shops in North Africa and Asia. Carrefour means cross-
road in French. Carrefour is active in many types of retail distribution:
hypermarkets, supermarkets, Discount Store, Grocery Stores, Cosmetics, and
Cash & Carry. Recently The $130 billion French retail Carrefour has set up a
100 percent-owned arm to enter the wholesale merchandise business in India
and will opt for the franchising route to open multi-brand retail stores in the
74. country, Carrefour WC&C India will also enter these areas where the Indian
franchisee can get the same technical expertise that go into running the retail
trade stores of the French company across the globally.
The Kroger Co. is an American retail supermarket chain
and parent company, founded by Bernard Henry Kroger in
1883 in Cincinnati, Ohio. It reported over US$66 billion in
sales during fiscal year 2007 and is currently the second-largest grocery retailer
in the country by volume and third-place general retailer in the country, with
Wal-Mart and The Home Depot filling slots one and two, respectively. Kroger
operated, either directly or through its subsidiaries, 2,500 grocery stores, 579 of
which had fuel centers, nearly 800 convenience stores, 400-plus jewelry stores,
and 42 manufacturing facilities in 32 states; we employ a growing family of
more than 290,000 associates coast-to-coast and presently Kroger is active in
many other Retail Distribution like Bakery, Banking, beer, dairy, wine etc….
The slogan of Kroger co. is “Right Store. Right Place”. Kroger’s recently
launched Perishable Donations Partnership will bring critically needed
perishable food items into the food bank process. The company-wide program
will increase the number of stores in the Kroger family that donate safe,
perishable food to Second Harvest food banks that are equipped to safely handle
and distribute fresh food. Kroger’s goal is to donate 50 million pounds
of nutritious, fresh food across the country.
75. Latest News of Retail Market in India
Israeli Giants Enter Indian Retail Sector
Israeli mall giants, owners of retail-linked realty assets across the world,
are buying into India’s money minting retail sector. Tel Aviv-based mall giant
Gazit Globe has tied up with one of the HDFC funds to pump in $150 million
into developing assets, including supermarket anchored retail play. Big
Shopping Group, of Israel’s biggies has teamed up with Lehman Brothers Real
Estate Private equity to set up ‘open malls’ in tier I and tier II cities.
Israeli tycoons and families, which raked in money from core real estate
developments in the US, have turned their attention to retail assets from Sao
Paulo to Macedonia, as mall ownership and management provides attractive
20% plus annualised returns in developing markets. Billionair eChaim
Katzman, at the helm of Gazit Globe, is no exception as he went on acquiring
shopping centers from market to market
Us Retail Major Kroger Plans Entry into Indian Real Estate
The $66-billion US based grocery giant, Kroger is all set to enter into
Real Estate India. According to reports, the company representatives have
already met 3-4 prominent real estate companies of India for joint ventures.
Some prominent sources said that Kroger is primarily interested in jointly
developing new FDI-compliant commercial projects or buying into existing
ones. Interestingly, America No. 3 general retailer behind Wal-Mart and The
Home Depot runs all its nearly 2,500 supermarket stores in the US
76. Reliance Retail plans to turn Adani outlets into specialty
Stores
Reliance Retail will be changing the format of its recently purchased
Adani Retail stores into specialty stores for jewelry, medicines, eyeglasses,
home furnishings, telecom and consumer electrical stores. The company has
also taken in some of the executives onto its own team. According to a senior
executive, the stores cannot be converted to Reliance Fresh stores as they are
too small, ranging from 2,000-3,000 sq ft, while most Reliance Fresh stores are
around 4,000 sq ft in size.
Source: The Economic Times
Pantaloon Retail pulls out from Gini & Jony
Pantaloon Retail India Ltd (PRIL) has officially pulled out of
Gini & Jony, a children’s wear brand and one of the first brands that Kishore
Biyani, MD of Pantaloon had invested in. Sources report that while the
financial arrangement with Gini & Jony will continue, it will break off all
operational ties. Pantaloon had invested in the company with the thought that
it would “drive business on its own” but unfortunately, it has not been able
to work in a cohesive manner with Pantaloon and become dependant on it.
Ultimately Pantaloon had to even depute top management, including the
CFO to take care of its functioning.
Source: The Economic Times
78. MAJOR FINDINGS
(1) The Retail Sector in India can be split up into two, the organized and the
unorganized. The organized sector whose size is expected to triple by 2010
can be further split up into departmental stores, supermarkets, shopping
malls.
(2) In terms of value the size of the retail sector in India is $300 billion. The
organized sector contributes about 4.6% to the total trade.
(3) The retail sector in India contributes 10% to the Gross Domestic Product
and 8% to the employment of the country.
(4) In terms of growth the FMCG retail sector is the fastest growing unit and
the retail relating to household care, confectionery etc, have lagged behind.
(5) The foreign retail giants were initially restricted from making
investments in India. But now FDI of 51% is permitted in India only
through single branded retail outlets. Multi brand outlets are still beyond
their reach. Again they can only enter the market through franchisees,. This
was how Wal-Mart had entered joining hands with Bharti Enterprises.
(6) On line retailing is still to leave a mark on the customers due to lacunae
that we have already mentioned.
(7) Cultural and regional differences in India are the biggest challenges in
front of retailers. This Factor deters the retailers in India from adopting a
single retail format.
79. (8) Hypermarket is emerging as the most favorable format for the time
being in India
Chapter (5)
CONCLUSION
80. For a start, these retailers need to invest much more in capturing more
specific market. Intelligence as well as almost real-time customer purchase
behavior information. The retailers also need to make substantial investment in
understanding/acquiring some advanced expertise in developing more accurate
and scientific demand forecasting models. Re-engineering of product sourcing
philosophies-aligned more towards collaborative planning and replenishment
should then be next on their agenda. The message, therefore for the existing
small and medium independent retailers is to closely examine what changes are
taking place in their immediate vicinity, and analyze Whether their current
market offers a potential redevelopment of the area into a more modern multi-
option destination. If it does, and most commercial areas in India do have this
potential, it would be very useful to form a consortium of other such small
retailers in that vicinity and take a pro-active approach to pool in resources and
improve the overall infrastructure. The next effort should be to encourage
retailers to make some investments in improving the interiors of their respective
establishments to make shopping an enjoyable experience for the customer.
As the retail marketplace changes shape and competition increases, the
potential for improving retail productivity and cutting costs is likely to decrease.
Therefore, it will become important for retailers to secure a distinctive position
in the marketplace based on value, relationships or experience.
81. Finally, it is important to note that these strategies are not strictly independent
of each other; value is function of not just price, quality and service but can also
be enhanced by Personalization and offering a memorable experience. In fact,
building relationships with customers can by itself increase the quality of
overall customer experience and thus the perceived value. But most importantly
for winning in this intensely competitive marketplace, it is critical to understand
the target customer's definition of value and make an offer, which not only
delights the customers but also is also difficult for competitors to replicate.
3.4 Retail Touches Economy
83. V S Ramaswamy, S Namakumari “Marketing Management”, Macmillan
Business Book, Delhi
Philips Kotler “Marketing Management” 11th Edition, Eastern Economy
Edition
Ramanuj Majumdar “Product Management In India” 2nd Edition, Eastern
Economy Edition.
Christopher Lovelock “Service Marketing” 5th Edition, Pearson Education
Dr. S L Gupta “Sales & Distribution Management”, Excel Books
Business and Marketing Magazine “4ps Business & Marketing”
Business Magazine “Business Today”
“Changing Consumer Interface of Market Driven Innovations”- Report
by Tarun Arora, Bharti Retail
“Retail Industry -Where does India stand?”- Report by Sanjeev Kumar,
Delamore Consulting Ltd.
“Retail Scenario in India-Unlimited Opportunity”- Report by CII
“Retail Outlook for China 2005”- Report by KPMG in Hong Kong,
“Global Powers of Retailing 2006”- Report by Stores Magazine, National
Retail Federation (NRF)
“The Great Indian Retail Story” –Report by Ernst & Young India
“Indian Retail Industry”- Report by www.Rocsearch.com
“Global Retail Industry Facts and Figures”- Report by UNEP