This document outlines a teaching activity to introduce students to principal component analysis (PCA). It involves having students implement PCA step-by-step on the MNIST handwritten digit dataset to visualize and cluster the images. The activity aims to help students build an intuitive understanding of linear algebra operations and their connection to neuronal models and brain function. Specifically, students will reshape and center the data, construct the covariance matrix, perform singular value decomposition to obtain eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and project the data onto the resulting eigenvector basis.
Unsupervised Learning is a form of learning technique (basically machine learning) all the topics are covered from Artificial Intelligence: Structure and strategies for complex problem solving Fifth Edition by George F Lugar.
Unsupervised Learning is a form of learning technique (basically machine learning) all the topics are covered from Artificial Intelligence: Structure and strategies for complex problem solving Fifth Edition by George F Lugar.
Jesse James Jamnik, fitness coach and body builder, shares with you some of his favorite tips for building muscle so you can get the body you've always wanted.
Every Women and girl want fit physique but only some of them can able to achieve their goals. So in this ppt we are going to share the important and top 10 fitness tips for women. Follow the mentioned fitness tips for women in order to get best results.
TL;DR: This tutorial was delivered at KDD 2021. Here we review recent developments to extend the capacity of neural networks to “learning to reason” from data, where the task is to determine if the data entails a conclusion.
The rise of big data and big compute has brought modern neural networks to many walks of digital life, thanks to the relative ease of construction of large models that scale to the real world. Current successes of Transformers and self-supervised pretraining on massive data have led some to believe that deep neural networks will be able to do almost everything whenever we have data and computational resources. However, this might not be the case. While neural networks are fast to exploit surface statistics, they fail miserably to generalize to novel combinations. Current neural networks do not perform deliberate reasoning – the capacity to deliberately deduce new knowledge out of the contextualized data. This tutorial reviews recent developments to extend the capacity of neural networks to “learning to reason” from data, where the task is to determine if the data entails a conclusion. This capacity opens up new ways to generate insights from data through arbitrary querying using natural languages without the need of predefining a narrow set of tasks.
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Jesse James Jamnik, fitness coach and body builder, shares with you some of his favorite tips for building muscle so you can get the body you've always wanted.
Every Women and girl want fit physique but only some of them can able to achieve their goals. So in this ppt we are going to share the important and top 10 fitness tips for women. Follow the mentioned fitness tips for women in order to get best results.
TL;DR: This tutorial was delivered at KDD 2021. Here we review recent developments to extend the capacity of neural networks to “learning to reason” from data, where the task is to determine if the data entails a conclusion.
The rise of big data and big compute has brought modern neural networks to many walks of digital life, thanks to the relative ease of construction of large models that scale to the real world. Current successes of Transformers and self-supervised pretraining on massive data have led some to believe that deep neural networks will be able to do almost everything whenever we have data and computational resources. However, this might not be the case. While neural networks are fast to exploit surface statistics, they fail miserably to generalize to novel combinations. Current neural networks do not perform deliberate reasoning – the capacity to deliberately deduce new knowledge out of the contextualized data. This tutorial reviews recent developments to extend the capacity of neural networks to “learning to reason” from data, where the task is to determine if the data entails a conclusion. This capacity opens up new ways to generate insights from data through arbitrary querying using natural languages without the need of predefining a narrow set of tasks.
This presentation covers the basics of neural network along with the back propagation training algorithm and a code for image classification at the end.
Introduction to Hamiltonian Neural NetworksMiles Cranmer
This is a tutorial on Hamiltonian Neural Networks based on Greydanus et al's work (and independently-proposed Bertalan et al). I go through the classical mechanics necessary to understand them, and discuss their connection to Neural Ordinary Differential Equations. I finish by with a PyTorch example to predict the path of a falling ball.
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Tensorflow-KR 논문읽기모임 95번째 발표영상입니다
Modularity Matters라는 제목으로 visual relational reasoning 문제를 풀 수 있는 방법을 제시한 논문입니다. 기존 CNN들이 이런 문제이 취약함을 보여주고 이를 해결하기 위한 방법을 제시합니다. 관심있는 주제이기도 하고 Bengio 교수님 팀에서 쓴 논문이라서 review 해보았습니다
발표영상: https://youtu.be/dAGI3mlOmfw
논문링크: https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.06765
2. Teaching activity objectives
• Visualize large data sets.
• Transform the data to aid in this
visualization.
• Clustering data.
• Implement basic linear algebra operations.
• Connect this operations to neuronal
models and brain function.
3. Context for the activity
• Homework Assignment in 9.40 Intro to
neural Computation (Sophomore/Junior).
• In-class activity 9.014 Quantitative
Methods and Computational Models in
Neuroscience (1st year PhD).
8. Is there a more principled way?
• Represent the data in a new basis set.
• Aids in visualization and potentially in
clustering and dimensionality reduction.
• PCA provides such a basis set by looking
at directions that capture most variance.
• The directions are ranked by decreasing
variance.
• It diagonalizes the covariance matrix.
9. Pedagogical approach
• Guide them step by step to implement PCA.
• Emphasize visualizations and geometrical
approach/intuition.
• We don’t use the MATLAB canned function
for PCA.
• We want students to get their hands “dirty”.
This helps build confidence and deep
understanding.
10. PCA Mantra
• Reshape the data to proper format for PCA.
• Center the data performing mean subtraction.
• Construct the data covariance matrix.
• Perform SVD to obtain the eigenvalues and
eigenvectors of the covariance matrix.
• Compute the variance explained per component
and plot it.
• Reshape the eigenvectors and visualize their
images.
• Project the mean subtracted data onto the
eigenvectors basis.
12. Projections onto the first 2 axes
• The first two PCs capture ~37% of the variance.
• The data forms clear clusters that are almost linearly separable
14. • 1949 book: 'The Organization
of Behavior' Theory about the
neural bases of learning
• Learning takes place at
synapses.
• Synapses get modified, they
get stronger when the pre- and
post- synaptic cells fire
together.
• "Cells that fire together, wire
together"
Hebbian Learning
Donald Hebb
16. Erkki Oja
Oja’s rule
A simplified neuron model as a principal component analyzer. Journal of Mathematical Biology,
15:267-273 (1982).
Feedback,forgetting term or regularizer
• Stabilizes the Hebbian rule.
• Leads to a covariance learning rule: the weights
converge to the first eigenvector of the covariance
matrix.
• Similar to power iteration method.
17. Learning outcomes
• Visualize and manipulate a relatively large and
complex data set.
• Perform PCA by building it step by step.
• Gain an intuition of the geometry involved in a
change of basis and projections.
• Start thinking about basic clustering
algorithms.
• Discuss on dimensionality reduction and other
PCA applications
18. Learning outcomes (cont)
• Discuss the assumptions, limitations and
shortcomings of applying PCA in different
contexts.
• Build a model of how PCA might actually
take place in neural circuits.
• Follow up: eigenfaces, is the brain doing
PCA to recognize faces?