At a time in which online platforms are being utilized in any number of different sectors, this particular study was based on a field experiment which most of us don't have the opportunity to conduct.
Okyvoky is a one-stop destination for online shopping to buy men and women apparels. We at Okyvoky cater our customers with a wide assortment of products ranging from branded clothing for men and women, perfumes and fashionable accessories.
This document discusses how perceived product risk influences consumers' preferences for different types of online retailers, or "e-tailers". It hypothesizes that consumers will prefer retailers with lower perceived product risk and that prestigious store-based e-tailers (like Bloomingdales.com) will be preferred over value-oriented store-based (like Walmart.com) and pure online retailers. The study aims to provide insights into how perceived economic and psychosocial product risks affect patronage of different e-tailer formats.
Seller reputation impact on sales performance in public e-marketplace BukalapakTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of seller reputation on sales performance in the Indonesian e-marketplace Bukalapak. Specifically, it investigates the relationship between four measures of seller reputation (number of positive reviews, negative reviews, price, and number of followers) and sales volume. The study collects data on these variables for five smartphone products sold on Bukalapak over 30 days. Regression analysis finds that for two of the products, price and number of positive reviews significantly impacted sales volume, while number of followers impacted one product. Overall, the analysis provides insight into how seller reputation factors influence sales in the Indonesian online market context.
The document discusses how marketers are using data mining of social networks to better understand consumer behaviors and improve targeted advertising. It describes research showing people within social networks have similar buying habits. Companies are gathering data from various online sources and social media to create consumer profiles and target ads. While this improves marketing effectiveness, it also raises privacy concerns about how consumer data is collected and shared without their consent.
Online consumer behaviour : An review and agenda for future researchGiang Coffee
This document provides a literature review and proposed framework for analyzing online consumer behavior. It summarizes 351 research articles on the topic. The key points are:
- Research on online consumer behavior has increased dramatically in recent years, with over 120 articles published in 2001 alone.
- The literature is fragmented and lacks a unified theoretical model. To address this, the document proposes a new framework with three building blocks: intention, adoption, and continuance.
- The most commonly used theories in existing research are the Theory of Reasoned Action, Technology Acceptance Model, and Theory of Planned Behavior. Expectation-Confirmation Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory are also frequently applied.
This document summarizes a research paper that examined how electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) influences online consumers' purchasing decisions. It developed an information adoption model to understand what factors encourage consumers to accept and adopt online consumer reviews. The model was tested using data from users of the online customer community Openrice.com. The research found that comprehensiveness and relevance of the information were the most influential components of argument quality, making them key drivers of information adoption. Only 46% of variance in adoption was explained however, indicating there may be additional motivational factors beyond information usefulness alone.
Okyvoky is a one-stop destination for online shopping to buy men and women apparels. We at Okyvoky cater our customers with a wide assortment of products ranging from branded clothing for men and women, perfumes and fashionable accessories.
This document discusses how perceived product risk influences consumers' preferences for different types of online retailers, or "e-tailers". It hypothesizes that consumers will prefer retailers with lower perceived product risk and that prestigious store-based e-tailers (like Bloomingdales.com) will be preferred over value-oriented store-based (like Walmart.com) and pure online retailers. The study aims to provide insights into how perceived economic and psychosocial product risks affect patronage of different e-tailer formats.
Seller reputation impact on sales performance in public e-marketplace BukalapakTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of seller reputation on sales performance in the Indonesian e-marketplace Bukalapak. Specifically, it investigates the relationship between four measures of seller reputation (number of positive reviews, negative reviews, price, and number of followers) and sales volume. The study collects data on these variables for five smartphone products sold on Bukalapak over 30 days. Regression analysis finds that for two of the products, price and number of positive reviews significantly impacted sales volume, while number of followers impacted one product. Overall, the analysis provides insight into how seller reputation factors influence sales in the Indonesian online market context.
The document discusses how marketers are using data mining of social networks to better understand consumer behaviors and improve targeted advertising. It describes research showing people within social networks have similar buying habits. Companies are gathering data from various online sources and social media to create consumer profiles and target ads. While this improves marketing effectiveness, it also raises privacy concerns about how consumer data is collected and shared without their consent.
Online consumer behaviour : An review and agenda for future researchGiang Coffee
This document provides a literature review and proposed framework for analyzing online consumer behavior. It summarizes 351 research articles on the topic. The key points are:
- Research on online consumer behavior has increased dramatically in recent years, with over 120 articles published in 2001 alone.
- The literature is fragmented and lacks a unified theoretical model. To address this, the document proposes a new framework with three building blocks: intention, adoption, and continuance.
- The most commonly used theories in existing research are the Theory of Reasoned Action, Technology Acceptance Model, and Theory of Planned Behavior. Expectation-Confirmation Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory are also frequently applied.
This document summarizes a research paper that examined how electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) influences online consumers' purchasing decisions. It developed an information adoption model to understand what factors encourage consumers to accept and adopt online consumer reviews. The model was tested using data from users of the online customer community Openrice.com. The research found that comprehensiveness and relevance of the information were the most influential components of argument quality, making them key drivers of information adoption. Only 46% of variance in adoption was explained however, indicating there may be additional motivational factors beyond information usefulness alone.
Exploring Online Consumer Behaviors
John A. Smith and Jane L. Doe
Liberty University
References
Janda, S. (2008). Does gender moderate the effect of online concerns on purchase likelihood? Journal of Internet Commerce, 7(3), 339-358. doi:10.1080/15332860802250401
Jeon, S., Crutsinger, C., & Kim, H. (2008). Exploring online auction behaviors and motivations. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 100(2), 31-40. Retrieved by http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/218160218
Koyuncu, C., & Lien, D. (2003). E-commerce and consumer's purchasing behaviour. Applied Economics, 35(6), 721. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA102272684&v=2.1&u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w
Kukar-Kinney,M.,Monroe, K.B.,Ridgway,N.M. (2008). The relationship between consumers’ tendencies to buy compulsively and their motivations to shop and buy on the internet. Journal of Retailing: Consumer Behavior and Retailing, 85(3), 298-307. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org. ezproxy.liberty.edu: 2048/10.1016/j.jretai.2009.05.002
Stibel, J. (2005). Mental models and online consumer behaviour. Behaviour & Information Technology, 24(2), 147-150. doi:10.1080/01449290512331321901
Vazquez,D., & Xu,X.(2009). Investigation linkages between online purchase behavior variables. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37(5), 408-419. doi:10.1108/09590550910954900
Abstract Comment by user: Double space between all lines of the manuscript. This includes the elimination of any extra spacing before or after the paragraph (APA Manual 5.03). The default setting in Microsoft Word is to add extra spacing after paragraphs. You can change this setting under the page layout tab in Microsoft Word.
Internet usage has skyrocketed in the past few decades, along with this increase comes the increase in internet shopping by consumers. This research examines the behaviors, motivations, and attitudes of this new form of consumer entity. Online consumer behavior has been studied for over 20 years and will undoubtedly be the source of many future researches as internet consumerism expands. This paper will examine the following research questions: (1) How do factors previously researched affect the online purchasing behavior of consumers and (2) what are the significant consumer behaviors both positive and negative that affect internet consumerism? By identifying these factors and variables, new strategies can be formulated and both consumer and supplier can gain knowledge and understanding of behaviors which exist. The purpose of this research paper is to integrate the varied research information together and draw coherent linkages to how consumer thoughts, attitudes and motivational behavior affect online buying, thus building a broader framework of analysis in which to build upon. Comment by user:
APA style uses one inch margins. Paragraphs should be indented five to seven spaces (about 1/2 inch ...
Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination: Case Study - Online Pharmacy, 2014
The paper outlines the difference between data analytics and data forensics, discusses the various methodologies that had to be applied in order to obtain and analyse the data (once secured) and briefly touches upon Benford’s Law and suitable software packages.
Textual analysis is discussed in more detail and linked to the significance of integrity of data in order to be accepted as evidence.
The essay concludes with a discussion of money-laundering techniques and an analysis of the various beneficiaries in the case that spanned more than 6,000 affiliates.
A Review Of Online Consumer Behavior ResearchAngel Evans
This document provides a review of online consumer behavior research from 1995 to 2009. It summarizes the research in three key areas: 1) The development of the research around the world, with the US leading initially and China becoming a major contributor more recently. 2) The theoretical foundations of the research, which are based on theories from marketing, psychology and information systems like the technology acceptance model. 3) The focused topics of research, including consumer trust, satisfaction and service quality, acceptance of information technologies, consumer choice and decision making, and consumer loyalty. The review is intended to provide insights into the current state and future directions of research on online consumer behavior.
This was my dissertation on the efficiency of the capital markets in developing countries compared to those in developed countries. The results came conclusive that there is insider trading present regardless of the territory of the capital market.
Summary of Paper : Taxonomy of websearch by BroderBhavesh Singh
This document summarizes a paper that classified web search queries into three categories: navigational, informational, and transactional. Navigational queries aim to reach a specific website, informational queries seek information on a topic, and transactional queries want to perform an online activity like shopping. The paper found through surveys and query log analysis that around 20-25% of queries were navigational, 40-50% informational, and 25-35% transactional. It also proposed that early search engines only handled informational and navigational queries directly, while third generation engines aimed to better support all query types through semantic analysis and blending external databases.
What makes consumers buy from internetGiang Coffee
This document summarizes a research study that investigated factors affecting online shopping behavior. The study:
1) Developed a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior to identify key factors influencing online shopping intentions and behavior, such as subjective norms, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intentions.
2) Augmented the model with two additional constructs: personal innovativeness and perceived consequences of online shopping.
3) Empirically tested the model in a longitudinal study with two surveys to better understand how factors predict actual online purchasing over time.
The Predictive Effects of Communication and Search Quality on Behavioral Inte...Russ Merz, Ph.D.
A Presentation delivered to the Fifth Tricontinental Conference on Global Advances in Business Communications (GABC), Antwerp, Belgium May 29th-31st 2013. Details the results of a theory building study that examines how contextual elements impact the perceptions of information and search quality of a corporate e-commerce website.
The document summarizes William Beaver's perspectives on major areas of capital markets research over the past ten years. It discusses five key areas: market efficiency, Feltham-Ohlson modeling, value relevance, analysts' behavior, and discretionary behavior. Regarding market efficiency, it notes that recent studies have found evidence of market inefficiency in areas like post-earnings announcement drift and market-to-book ratios. It also discusses links between market efficiency and analysts' behavior in processing accounting information.
Estimating Network Effects in Two-Sided MarketsOliver Hinza,.docxtheodorelove43763
Estimating Network Effects in Two-Sided Markets
Oliver Hinza, Thomas Ottera, and Bernd Skierab
aFaculty of Business and Economics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; bFaculty of
Business and Economics, Goethe University Frankfurt (& Professorial Fellow at Deakin University, Australia),
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
ABSTRACT
The proliferation of the Internet has enabled platform intermediaries to
create two-sided markets in many industries. Time-series data on the
number of customers on both sides of the markets allow platform
intermediaries for estimating the direction and magnitude of network
effects, which can then support growth predictions and subsequent
information technology (IT) or marketing investment decisions. This
article investigates the conditions under which this estimation of same-
side and cross-side network effects should distinguish between its
impact on the number of new customers (i.e., acquisition) and existing
customers (i.e., their activity). The authors propose an influx-outflow
model for doing so and conduct a simulation study to benchmark the
new model against the traditional model. Further they compare the
models in an illustrative empirical study in which they study the growth
of an Internet auction platform. The results show that this separation of
effects is beneficial because the existing customers on both sides of the
market can influence the acquisition and dropout of other customers
asymmetrically. The paper thus makes an important contribution that
should impact the way how researchers and business practitioners
measure network effects in two-sided markets.
KEYWORDS
Two-sided markets;
electronic commerce; online
intermediaries; customer
churn; customer acquisition;
platform economy
Motivation
In two-sided markets, an intermediary provides a platform for interactions between two
distinct customer populations [35, 38]. For example, the intermediaries Amazon, Taobao.
com, and eBay use their platforms to enable transactions between sellers and buyers; and
the intermediary Monster.com brings together employers and employees. These two-sided
markets are not an entirely new phenomenon: In medieval times, for example, city
councils provided marketplaces as platforms for farmers to offer their products to buyers.
Yet, the rise of what Shapiro and Varian [40] label the “network economy” has resulted in
a plethora of two-sided markets due to the widespread use of the Internet ([3, 5, 13]; for
comprehensive overviews on both online and offline two-sided markets, see Parker and
Van Alstyne [32]).
Such markets facilitate different kinds of network effects: Cross-side network effects
describe the situation whereby the presence of many sellers attracts more buyers to the
market (e.g., eBay) and vice versa [26, 42]. In contrast, same-side network effects capture
the interplay within one customer population. Same-side and cross-side effects can some-
times go in different directions: For example, more.
Estimating Network Effects in Two-Sided MarketsOliver Hinza,.docxdebishakespeare
Estimating Network Effects in Two-Sided Markets
Oliver Hinza, Thomas Ottera, and Bernd Skierab
aFaculty of Business and Economics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; bFaculty of
Business and Economics, Goethe University Frankfurt (& Professorial Fellow at Deakin University, Australia),
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
ABSTRACT
The proliferation of the Internet has enabled platform intermediaries to
create two-sided markets in many industries. Time-series data on the
number of customers on both sides of the markets allow platform
intermediaries for estimating the direction and magnitude of network
effects, which can then support growth predictions and subsequent
information technology (IT) or marketing investment decisions. This
article investigates the conditions under which this estimation of same-
side and cross-side network effects should distinguish between its
impact on the number of new customers (i.e., acquisition) and existing
customers (i.e., their activity). The authors propose an influx-outflow
model for doing so and conduct a simulation study to benchmark the
new model against the traditional model. Further they compare the
models in an illustrative empirical study in which they study the growth
of an Internet auction platform. The results show that this separation of
effects is beneficial because the existing customers on both sides of the
market can influence the acquisition and dropout of other customers
asymmetrically. The paper thus makes an important contribution that
should impact the way how researchers and business practitioners
measure network effects in two-sided markets.
KEYWORDS
Two-sided markets;
electronic commerce; online
intermediaries; customer
churn; customer acquisition;
platform economy
Motivation
In two-sided markets, an intermediary provides a platform for interactions between two
distinct customer populations [35, 38]. For example, the intermediaries Amazon, Taobao.
com, and eBay use their platforms to enable transactions between sellers and buyers; and
the intermediary Monster.com brings together employers and employees. These two-sided
markets are not an entirely new phenomenon: In medieval times, for example, city
councils provided marketplaces as platforms for farmers to offer their products to buyers.
Yet, the rise of what Shapiro and Varian [40] label the “network economy” has resulted in
a plethora of two-sided markets due to the widespread use of the Internet ([3, 5, 13]; for
comprehensive overviews on both online and offline two-sided markets, see Parker and
Van Alstyne [32]).
Such markets facilitate different kinds of network effects: Cross-side network effects
describe the situation whereby the presence of many sellers attracts more buyers to the
market (e.g., eBay) and vice versa [26, 42]. In contrast, same-side network effects capture
the interplay within one customer population. Same-side and cross-side effects can some-
times go in different directions: For example, more.
Research proposal sample|cheapassignmenthelp.comNicole Valerio
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This study examined the online shopping behaviors and attitudes of four groups of college students: non-web shoppers, web-store visitors, internet browsers, and internet buyers. It analyzed differences in their demographic characteristics, technology experiences, and attitudes toward factors influencing online shopping like privacy, convenience and company reputation. The study applied theories of reasoned action and diffusion of innovations to understand how attitudes predict intentions and behaviors regarding online purchases. Key findings showed that consumer attitudes around trust, convenience and company reputation were most significant in determining who intended to or did make online purchases.
This document is a research project submitted by a student to their professor. It examines what factors affect the target premium distribution of cross-border mergers and acquisitions involving US targets. Specifically, it analyzes how target cash reserves, growth opportunities, and other characteristics impact the variance in premiums paid. The student uses a sample of over 21,000 US deals from 1986 to 2011 to calculate target premiums and conducts a regression analysis to isolate which bidder and target traits influence premium levels. The main findings are that cross-border acquirers pay higher premiums, targets with more cash reserves receive a 2% higher premium on average, and targets with fewer growth opportunities earn a 4% higher premium.
The document discusses the marketing information system and market research process. It outlines five learning goals related to understanding the importance of information, defining the marketing information system, outlining the market research process, analyzing and distributing information, and special issues in market research. It then provides details on each step of the market research process, including defining the problem and objectives, developing the research plan through evaluating secondary and primary data sources, and determining the research approach, contact method, sampling plan, and research instruments.
The document discusses the marketing information system and market research process. It outlines five learning goals related to understanding the importance of information, defining the marketing information system, outlining the market research process, analyzing and distributing information, and special issues in market research. It then provides details on each step of the market research process, including defining the problem and objectives, developing the research plan through evaluating secondary and collecting primary data, and developing the sampling plan.
Secondary data refers to data that was collected previously for another purpose. It can save time and money compared to primary data but may be inaccurate, inconsistent, outdated or collected for a different purpose than intended. When using secondary data, it is important to evaluate if the data is relevant to the research problem, population, time period and variables of interest. Common sources of secondary data include government agencies, libraries, commercial databases, and syndicated services that collect and sell pooled data.
28th Workshop on Information Systems and EconomicsYunkun Zhao, PhD
The document discusses evaluating the effectiveness of different online customer touchpoints in omni-channel retailing environments. It identifies three gaps in previous research: a focus on distribution channels rather than information channels, consideration of only within-brand effects rather than cross-brand effects, and ignoring interdependencies among touchpoints. The study aims to address these gaps by analyzing a unique dataset from an omni-channel retailer to understand the relative impact of owned, paid, and earned media touchpoints on customer demand, including potential cross-brand effects and interdependencies among touchpoints. Preliminary results indicate customers on average spend 51 RMB, purchase 0.163 items with a 14.432% conversion rate given their exposures to different touchpoint media.
The document discusses a SWOT analysis of Tallink, an Estonian ferry company. It identifies Tallink's strengths as its well-established brand name in the market, international operations across multiple countries, and high profitability and revenue. Weaknesses include high operating costs and dependency on seasonal demand. Opportunities include expanding to new destinations and markets, and strengthening online sales. Threats are competitors offering lower prices and changes in regulations.
This document summarizes a study that compared hotel ratings from TripAdvisor reviews to ratings collected through a traditional survey. The study found:
1) Ratings from TripAdvisor reviews were consistently lower than ratings from the traditional survey, indicating that website ratings tell a different story than traditional surveys.
2) Only 3% of hotel guests who completed the traditional survey had actually posted a review of their stay online.
3) While the importance rankings of different customer experience categories (e.g. service, value) were similar between the two data sources, relying on only one source would lead to different conclusions about performance in these areas.
4) More research is needed to understand differences between online reviewers and
A Review Of Factors Affecting Online Buying BehaviorSteven Wallach
This document provides a literature review of factors affecting online buying behavior from 1997 to 2016. It identifies 26 initial factors and discusses the 7 most cited factors - price, convenience, security, information, enjoyment, access, and tangibility/sensation. The factors are explored over four phases: 1997-2001 focused on discounts, product quality, and security; 2002-2006 emphasized enjoyment, price, security, and trust; 2007-2011 highlighted information, convenience, price, and access; and 2012-2016 examined online purchase risk, delivery, and consumer service. The literature review aims to help businesses and academics understand online buying behavior.
The Business Model: Recent Developments and Future ResearchDr. Larry Pino
Evaluating the current literature on the concept of business models in an attempt to bridge the gap in silos of scholarship and identify what we know about business models.
The document summarizes research on how managerial overconfidence can influence corporate investment decisions. Specifically, it discusses two studies conducted by the authors.
The first study examines whether the investment of overconfident CEOs is more sensitive to the availability of internal cash flow compared to less overconfident CEOs. The authors predict this will be the case and that the effect will be more pronounced for equity-dependent firms. The study uses regression analysis of financial data from Compustat and CRSP databases to test this prediction.
The second study aims to address criticisms of endogeneity in the first study by examining how overconfident CEOs' investment responds to an exogenous shock that impacts debt financing availability. The prediction is
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Exploring Online Consumer Behaviors
John A. Smith and Jane L. Doe
Liberty University
References
Janda, S. (2008). Does gender moderate the effect of online concerns on purchase likelihood? Journal of Internet Commerce, 7(3), 339-358. doi:10.1080/15332860802250401
Jeon, S., Crutsinger, C., & Kim, H. (2008). Exploring online auction behaviors and motivations. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 100(2), 31-40. Retrieved by http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/218160218
Koyuncu, C., & Lien, D. (2003). E-commerce and consumer's purchasing behaviour. Applied Economics, 35(6), 721. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA102272684&v=2.1&u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w
Kukar-Kinney,M.,Monroe, K.B.,Ridgway,N.M. (2008). The relationship between consumers’ tendencies to buy compulsively and their motivations to shop and buy on the internet. Journal of Retailing: Consumer Behavior and Retailing, 85(3), 298-307. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org. ezproxy.liberty.edu: 2048/10.1016/j.jretai.2009.05.002
Stibel, J. (2005). Mental models and online consumer behaviour. Behaviour & Information Technology, 24(2), 147-150. doi:10.1080/01449290512331321901
Vazquez,D., & Xu,X.(2009). Investigation linkages between online purchase behavior variables. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37(5), 408-419. doi:10.1108/09590550910954900
Abstract Comment by user: Double space between all lines of the manuscript. This includes the elimination of any extra spacing before or after the paragraph (APA Manual 5.03). The default setting in Microsoft Word is to add extra spacing after paragraphs. You can change this setting under the page layout tab in Microsoft Word.
Internet usage has skyrocketed in the past few decades, along with this increase comes the increase in internet shopping by consumers. This research examines the behaviors, motivations, and attitudes of this new form of consumer entity. Online consumer behavior has been studied for over 20 years and will undoubtedly be the source of many future researches as internet consumerism expands. This paper will examine the following research questions: (1) How do factors previously researched affect the online purchasing behavior of consumers and (2) what are the significant consumer behaviors both positive and negative that affect internet consumerism? By identifying these factors and variables, new strategies can be formulated and both consumer and supplier can gain knowledge and understanding of behaviors which exist. The purpose of this research paper is to integrate the varied research information together and draw coherent linkages to how consumer thoughts, attitudes and motivational behavior affect online buying, thus building a broader framework of analysis in which to build upon. Comment by user:
APA style uses one inch margins. Paragraphs should be indented five to seven spaces (about 1/2 inch ...
Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination: Case Study - Online Pharmacy, 2014
The paper outlines the difference between data analytics and data forensics, discusses the various methodologies that had to be applied in order to obtain and analyse the data (once secured) and briefly touches upon Benford’s Law and suitable software packages.
Textual analysis is discussed in more detail and linked to the significance of integrity of data in order to be accepted as evidence.
The essay concludes with a discussion of money-laundering techniques and an analysis of the various beneficiaries in the case that spanned more than 6,000 affiliates.
A Review Of Online Consumer Behavior ResearchAngel Evans
This document provides a review of online consumer behavior research from 1995 to 2009. It summarizes the research in three key areas: 1) The development of the research around the world, with the US leading initially and China becoming a major contributor more recently. 2) The theoretical foundations of the research, which are based on theories from marketing, psychology and information systems like the technology acceptance model. 3) The focused topics of research, including consumer trust, satisfaction and service quality, acceptance of information technologies, consumer choice and decision making, and consumer loyalty. The review is intended to provide insights into the current state and future directions of research on online consumer behavior.
This was my dissertation on the efficiency of the capital markets in developing countries compared to those in developed countries. The results came conclusive that there is insider trading present regardless of the territory of the capital market.
Summary of Paper : Taxonomy of websearch by BroderBhavesh Singh
This document summarizes a paper that classified web search queries into three categories: navigational, informational, and transactional. Navigational queries aim to reach a specific website, informational queries seek information on a topic, and transactional queries want to perform an online activity like shopping. The paper found through surveys and query log analysis that around 20-25% of queries were navigational, 40-50% informational, and 25-35% transactional. It also proposed that early search engines only handled informational and navigational queries directly, while third generation engines aimed to better support all query types through semantic analysis and blending external databases.
What makes consumers buy from internetGiang Coffee
This document summarizes a research study that investigated factors affecting online shopping behavior. The study:
1) Developed a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior to identify key factors influencing online shopping intentions and behavior, such as subjective norms, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intentions.
2) Augmented the model with two additional constructs: personal innovativeness and perceived consequences of online shopping.
3) Empirically tested the model in a longitudinal study with two surveys to better understand how factors predict actual online purchasing over time.
The Predictive Effects of Communication and Search Quality on Behavioral Inte...Russ Merz, Ph.D.
A Presentation delivered to the Fifth Tricontinental Conference on Global Advances in Business Communications (GABC), Antwerp, Belgium May 29th-31st 2013. Details the results of a theory building study that examines how contextual elements impact the perceptions of information and search quality of a corporate e-commerce website.
The document summarizes William Beaver's perspectives on major areas of capital markets research over the past ten years. It discusses five key areas: market efficiency, Feltham-Ohlson modeling, value relevance, analysts' behavior, and discretionary behavior. Regarding market efficiency, it notes that recent studies have found evidence of market inefficiency in areas like post-earnings announcement drift and market-to-book ratios. It also discusses links between market efficiency and analysts' behavior in processing accounting information.
Estimating Network Effects in Two-Sided MarketsOliver Hinza,.docxtheodorelove43763
Estimating Network Effects in Two-Sided Markets
Oliver Hinza, Thomas Ottera, and Bernd Skierab
aFaculty of Business and Economics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; bFaculty of
Business and Economics, Goethe University Frankfurt (& Professorial Fellow at Deakin University, Australia),
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
ABSTRACT
The proliferation of the Internet has enabled platform intermediaries to
create two-sided markets in many industries. Time-series data on the
number of customers on both sides of the markets allow platform
intermediaries for estimating the direction and magnitude of network
effects, which can then support growth predictions and subsequent
information technology (IT) or marketing investment decisions. This
article investigates the conditions under which this estimation of same-
side and cross-side network effects should distinguish between its
impact on the number of new customers (i.e., acquisition) and existing
customers (i.e., their activity). The authors propose an influx-outflow
model for doing so and conduct a simulation study to benchmark the
new model against the traditional model. Further they compare the
models in an illustrative empirical study in which they study the growth
of an Internet auction platform. The results show that this separation of
effects is beneficial because the existing customers on both sides of the
market can influence the acquisition and dropout of other customers
asymmetrically. The paper thus makes an important contribution that
should impact the way how researchers and business practitioners
measure network effects in two-sided markets.
KEYWORDS
Two-sided markets;
electronic commerce; online
intermediaries; customer
churn; customer acquisition;
platform economy
Motivation
In two-sided markets, an intermediary provides a platform for interactions between two
distinct customer populations [35, 38]. For example, the intermediaries Amazon, Taobao.
com, and eBay use their platforms to enable transactions between sellers and buyers; and
the intermediary Monster.com brings together employers and employees. These two-sided
markets are not an entirely new phenomenon: In medieval times, for example, city
councils provided marketplaces as platforms for farmers to offer their products to buyers.
Yet, the rise of what Shapiro and Varian [40] label the “network economy” has resulted in
a plethora of two-sided markets due to the widespread use of the Internet ([3, 5, 13]; for
comprehensive overviews on both online and offline two-sided markets, see Parker and
Van Alstyne [32]).
Such markets facilitate different kinds of network effects: Cross-side network effects
describe the situation whereby the presence of many sellers attracts more buyers to the
market (e.g., eBay) and vice versa [26, 42]. In contrast, same-side network effects capture
the interplay within one customer population. Same-side and cross-side effects can some-
times go in different directions: For example, more.
Estimating Network Effects in Two-Sided MarketsOliver Hinza,.docxdebishakespeare
Estimating Network Effects in Two-Sided Markets
Oliver Hinza, Thomas Ottera, and Bernd Skierab
aFaculty of Business and Economics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; bFaculty of
Business and Economics, Goethe University Frankfurt (& Professorial Fellow at Deakin University, Australia),
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
ABSTRACT
The proliferation of the Internet has enabled platform intermediaries to
create two-sided markets in many industries. Time-series data on the
number of customers on both sides of the markets allow platform
intermediaries for estimating the direction and magnitude of network
effects, which can then support growth predictions and subsequent
information technology (IT) or marketing investment decisions. This
article investigates the conditions under which this estimation of same-
side and cross-side network effects should distinguish between its
impact on the number of new customers (i.e., acquisition) and existing
customers (i.e., their activity). The authors propose an influx-outflow
model for doing so and conduct a simulation study to benchmark the
new model against the traditional model. Further they compare the
models in an illustrative empirical study in which they study the growth
of an Internet auction platform. The results show that this separation of
effects is beneficial because the existing customers on both sides of the
market can influence the acquisition and dropout of other customers
asymmetrically. The paper thus makes an important contribution that
should impact the way how researchers and business practitioners
measure network effects in two-sided markets.
KEYWORDS
Two-sided markets;
electronic commerce; online
intermediaries; customer
churn; customer acquisition;
platform economy
Motivation
In two-sided markets, an intermediary provides a platform for interactions between two
distinct customer populations [35, 38]. For example, the intermediaries Amazon, Taobao.
com, and eBay use their platforms to enable transactions between sellers and buyers; and
the intermediary Monster.com brings together employers and employees. These two-sided
markets are not an entirely new phenomenon: In medieval times, for example, city
councils provided marketplaces as platforms for farmers to offer their products to buyers.
Yet, the rise of what Shapiro and Varian [40] label the “network economy” has resulted in
a plethora of two-sided markets due to the widespread use of the Internet ([3, 5, 13]; for
comprehensive overviews on both online and offline two-sided markets, see Parker and
Van Alstyne [32]).
Such markets facilitate different kinds of network effects: Cross-side network effects
describe the situation whereby the presence of many sellers attracts more buyers to the
market (e.g., eBay) and vice versa [26, 42]. In contrast, same-side network effects capture
the interplay within one customer population. Same-side and cross-side effects can some-
times go in different directions: For example, more.
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A field experiment: Growing Two-Sided Networks By Advertising The User Base
1. - 1 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Growing Two-Sided Networks by Advertising the User
Base: A Field Experiment
- 1 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
2. - 2 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
The Authors
Catherine Tucker
Professor of Marketing
MIT Sloan School of Management
PhD, Economics
Stanford University
Juanjuan Zhang
Professor of Marketing
MIT Sloan School of Management
PhD, Business Administration
University of California, Berkeley
3. - 3 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Purpose of the Study
A two-sided exchange network is a web-based platform which provides transactional
capability between two parties, typically a buyer and a seller. Commonly known two-
sided exchange networks are companies like OpenTable.com, VRBO.com, Monster.com,
and others. When set up properly, the two-sided exchange networks like Ebay.com and
Match.com experience explosive growth. On the other hand, if not structured
effectively, such as Chemdex.com and others, the companies flounder and ultimately
shut down. Critical to the success of a two-sided exchange network is growing network
participation by properly advertising the size of their user base. As critical as the
various informational display formats reflecting the number of buyers, sellers and
transactions might be, according to the authors, no research is extant guiding how two-
sided networks should advertise that information relying, instead, on
website designers, interns and graphic artists viewing the
display as a GUI function, as opposed to viewing the
decision as a strategic marketing variable. Note Table 1
following for current formats. As such, the purpose of the
Study is to provide useful data informing firms on how
they can effectively use “strategic information revelation as
a marketing tool to build two-sided networks.”
4. - 4 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Purpose of the Study
5. - 5 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Research Landscape of the Study
While no research is available in the literature to address the issue of whether two-
sided networks should be advertising the number of buyers, the number of sellers, the
number of transactions, or some combination of all of them, there is research
addressing additional components of the general field of information disclosure.
The authors have defined the information display formats as an “indirect network
externality” and, in so doing, rely on literature associated with two-sided networks
(Bucklin and Sismeiro, 2003; Ellison and Ellison, 2005)
In a related area, the authors argue that their findings are also related to the “retail
colocation” literature. For example Dudey (1990) and Wernerfelt (1994) “show that
competing retailers may choose to concentrate in the same shopping mall as a
commitment not to raise prices to exploit consumers’ sunk cost of traveling.”
6. - 6 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Research Landscape of the Study
(con’t) Additionally, Iyer and Pazgal (2003) “demonstrate that the gathering of competing
sellers through ‘Internet shopping agents’ can mitigate price competition as a larger
number of competitors decreases each seller’s chance of winning price-sensitive
shoppers.
• In other areas, the literature has addressed factors that affect network participation:
Fath and Sarvary (2003), for example, identify one particular growth strategy for B2B
exchanges, which is to subsidize buyers. And, Chen and Xie (2007) discover that the
“lack of customer loyalty can end up benefitting firms in the presence of cross-
market network effects.”
In short, the authors contribute to the research landscape by focusing in general on
information display formats and in particular on information associated with the
number of buyers, the number of sellers, and the number of transactions, for the
purpose of ascertaining what is the optimal marketing strategy for the purpose of
effectively growing a two-sided exchange platform.
7. - 7 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Data and Methodology
Field Experiment
The field experiment focused on a B2B website that resembles Craigslist.org, although
its actual name and location are protected by a Confidentiality Agreement. The
website receives 240,000 clicks per day and provides a common platform for sellers of
various types of goods and real estate properties listed in multiple specific categories.
The field experiment ran from November 29, 2006 to January 15, 2007 in the largest
city market that the website served out of the forty major metropolitan areas the
website served. A total of 3,314 attempted listings across fifteen categories were
exposed to the experiment.
In order to post a listing, a seller must register a user account, login to that user
account, and fill out a listing form. While there is no actual fee charged for a listing,
there is time spent which sellers must compare to the expected return (Fath and Sarvary,
2003). As a result, the seller attrition rate between the time a listing is started and the
submission is 16%.
8. - 8 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Data and Methodology
Nature of Treatments
The website randomized display of the number of sellers and/or buyers to reach
potential sellers and it randomized how many sellers/buyers it actually stated. The text
content displayed with respect to those randomized displays was drawn from the
following four treatment conditions:
1) “Presently, there are [#Sellers] listings and [#Buyers] users viewing these
listings in the [category name] category of [city name].”
2) “Presently, there are [#Sellers] listings in the [category name] category of [city
name].”
3) “Presently, there are [#Buyers] users viewing these listings in the [category
name] category of [city name].”
4) (A blank page.)
9. - 9 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Data and Methodology
Statistical Checks
The authors ran a number of statistical checks as follows:
• The #Sellers and #Buyers were randomized for each potential seller to protect
against confounds from unobservable variables.
• #Sellers and #Buyers were drawn from a uniform distribution between 1 and 200.
• The ambiguous word “presently” was used to allow some vagueness in order to
avoid deceiving customers through the randomization procedure.
• Regressions were used to confirm that the randomization procedures were
implemented correctly.
• The authors clustered standard errors at the category level in model
estimations which included category, week, day, hour, and number
of visits in order to control for any departure from full randomness.
• The authors retained data on each seller’s first visit on each day, but
removed data for subsequent visits on the same day in order to
parallel as best as can be done in a website field experiment a pure
between-subjects design.
10. - 10 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Statistical Checks (con’t)
• In the matching process, 128 observations out of a net of 3,314 observations were
unable to be matched and were therefore excluded from the empirical analysis.
• Spammers, defined as a seller who submitted more than ten listings in the same
category during the experimental period, were eliminated which resulted in the
removal of 1,509 listings. To the extent that a spammer or a bot posts the listing
irrespective of what information is displayed, an action taken by a spammer or bot
was not relevant to the purpose of this Study.
Data and Methodology
• And finally, the authors ran a seemingly
endless and unpronounceable series of
additional statistical checks apparently to
do something incomprehensible and
presumably academically career-enhancing
to produce statistical results totally
indecipherable.
11. - 11 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Data and Methodology
Data (Informational Display Formats)
The authors collected two data sets which were used for the analysis: A click-stream
data set and a treatment data set.
• A click-stream data set consisted of a time stamp, the users IP address, a record of
all Web page requests, and an error code.
• The treatment data set contained an IP address, a time stamp, the product category
the potential seller intended to list in, whether information on the number of
buyers and/or sellers was displayed, and the actual number of buyers and/or sellers
drawn if applicable.
• The click-stream data set was compared to the treatment data set using the IP
address and the time stamp and, based on that comparison comparative
correlations were evaluated.
12. - 12 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Data and Methodology
Data (Informational Display Formats)
13. - 13 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Data and Methodology
Data (Aggregate Economic Effects of Different Display Formats)
While the primary purpose of the Study was to provide data to assist two-sided
networks to identify what informational display formats were the most effective at
growing traffic, the authors also attempted to append to the Study an evaluation of the
economic effects of the differences obtained in their correlation data which could be
reduced to total cost savings in the acquisition cost per new seller.
• For that purpose, the authors relied on the actual traffic of the website replacing
#Sellers and #Buyers with the average actual number of sellers and buyers over the
two weeks prior to the experiment in order to approximate the word “presently.”
• They did so acknowledging the difficulties with that estimation and replacement
process.
Buyers Sellers
14. - 14 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Data and Methodology
Data (Aggregate Economic Effects of Different Display Formats)
• Recognizing that this particular field experiment dealt with categories in just one
regional market chosen for the experiment accounting for just 16% of the total
traffic, the authors extrapolated their underlying statistical results to what would
have happened had the findings been extended to the entire website for all
markets.
• That data multiplied the fitted listing probability for a particular category with
management’s forecast of potential new sellers in that category over a 12-month
period of time.
• Finally, the authors utilized a proxy for seller acquisition costs by utilizing the cost of
search advertising for a particular category in the entire country where the website
is based.
• Thereafter, in an attempt to generalize the implications (even though the
projections are based on a bootstrapping methodology), they conducted 1,000
replications of a randomized draw from the data with replacement to obtain
standard errors for the cost savings estimates.
• The results are identified in Table 4, which follows.
15. - 15 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Data and Methodology
16. - 16 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Summary of Data
17. - 17 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Results
Based upon the Study, the authors concluded as follows:
• Irrespective of the treatment condition, the probability a seller will list is 85% where
information is displayed and 84% where no information is shown.
• When information about both buyers and sellers is displayed, the existence of many
sellers deters further seller listings.
• However, this deterrence effect disappears when only the number of sellers is presented.
• A large number of buyers is more likely to attract new listings when it is displayed together
with the number of sellers.
• Displaying either seller or buyer information in isolation is
more effective than displaying both concurrently.
• The number of new sellers acquired is positively and
significantly correlated with buyer browsing time within a
category when only seller-side information is displayed.
• Providing more information does not always translate into
attracting more customers.
• The efficacy of the display formats varies by category.
18. - 18 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Results
• Seller information in isolation achieved Total Cost Savings of $27,992.
• Buyer information in isolation achieved Total Cost Savings of $32,992
• Displaying both seller and buyer information resulted in a loss of $85,096 in Total
Customer Acquisition Costs.
19. - 19 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Implications & Conclusions
The results suggest that two-sided networks’ optimal way of advertising the user base
should take into account potential customers’ knowledge about the network and buyers’
need for comparison shopping.
1. The authors have provided some very substantial and concrete results emanating
from a relatively tortuous methodology for identifying informational display formats.
That information is concrete and actionable. While the data themselves are not
substantially compelling, they are certainly directional and provide a basis for
rational managerial decision-making. That, in itself, is relatively supportable.
2. The Authors attempt to extrapolate those data results into a reduction of acquisition
costs per new seller appears somewhat tenuous to the extent that the analysis is
based primarily on generalized extrapolations, substantive managerial evaluations,
and a proxy which is, in itself, tautological. It would be
sufficient to conclude, based on the data, that there does
tend to be an optimal configuration of the informational
display format for the number of sellers, the number of
buyers, and the number of transactions, without
attempting a more rigorous approach to monetizing what
the cost savings are for the focal company.
20. - 20 - Laurence (Larry) J. Pino, (Esq.)
Implications & Conclusions
3. While the conclusions from the data also attempt to “shed light on some
documented ambiguities surrounding the effect of competition on entry,” the data
themselves do not necessarily have a great deal to do with any of that field of
research. Therefore, references to Camerer and Lovallo (1999); Toivanen and Waterson
(2005); Simonsohn (2010); Narasimhan and Zhang (2000); Debruyne and Reibstein (2005); Camerer
et al (2004); Wernerfelt (1995) might be appropriate as academic references, but shed
relatively little light on either the theoretical construct for the Study or the value of
the takeaways to academic scholars or managerial practitioners. In fact, they could
be viewed as a real head-scratcher.