A broad overview of the facilitation technique -questionning. After having completed this session, participants will:
Appreciate questioning as a fundamental technique for eliciting, synthesizing, analyzing information and/or decision making.
Be familiar with the range of questioning techniques such as: Chunking, Funnel and Probing questions.
Understand how to effectively design a questioning process framework.
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A Facilitation Technique The Art Of Questionning Helen Wythe
1. The Art of Questioning
By Facilitrix Helen – Helen Wythe
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 1
2.
After having completed this session,
g p
participants will:
◦ Appreciate questioning as a fundamental technique
for eliciting, synthesizing, analyzing information
eliciting synthesizing
and/or decision making.
◦ Be familiar with the range of questioning
techniques such as: Chunking, Funnel and Probing
questions.
◦ Understand how to effectively design a q
y g questioning
g
process framework.
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 2
3. Powerful questions, are the ones for which we
don’t l d have answers are open
d ’ already h
invitations to creativity and innovation,
calling forth ideas and insights that do not
yet exist.
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 3
4. Key Facilitation Technique – Questioning
Benefits Of Using Questions
◦ Modulate G
d l Group Dynamics
◦ Focus The Group
◦ Beyond Recall of Information
◦ Builds Knowledge - Makes Connections
◦ Directed Toward Learning - Evaluative Thinking
◦ Moves Group Forward
◦ Results In Creative, Critical And Innovative
Thinking.
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 4
5. With Any Topic and Process Design
◦ Opening A Session
◦ Brainstorming Ideas
◦ Synthesizing Large Number Of Ideas
◦ Analyzing A Situation
◦ Identifying Solutions
◦ Making Decisions
◦ Reviewing, Planning, Interpreting
◦ Drawing A Cl i
D i Closing O A Session
On S i
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 5
6. Clear and Concise
Relevant T S bj
R l To Subject MMaterial and P i i
i l d Participants
Inspire Participants To Think And Respond
The quality of the participants’ thinking, and
subsequent responses will be influenced by
responses,
the questioning techniques used by the
meeting facilitator.
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 6
7. Recognizes Wide Possibilities Of Thought
Builds Around Various Forms Of Thinking
Sparks Interest In Seeking Answers
Involves Critical And Creative Thinking
Provides Challenge But Not Too Overwhelming
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 7
8. Creating Powerful Questions Thought
Through And Prepared Prior To M i
Th hA dP d P i T Meeting
Attention To Three Aspects
◦ The Construction
◦ Scope
◦ Assumptions.
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 8
9. Closed Questions
◦ Begin With Do, Is, C
h Can, Could, Will, Would, Sh ll
C ld ll ld Shall
Or Should
◦ Only One Response
y p
◦ Recall Information/Assess Prior Knowledge.
Open Ended Questions
◦ Begin With Who, What, When, Where, Or How
◦ Many Different Responses
y p
◦ Responses Build On Group Knowledge
◦ Stimulate Group Discussion.
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 9
10. Look At The Type Of Question. Is It A Closed
Question? (Only One Possible Answer)
Use Diff
U Different Language To Change It Into An
L T Ch I I A
Open Question (With More Than One Answer).
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 10
11. Who
Where What
Topic
How Why
When
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 11
12. Purpose of Gathering, Analyzing,
p g, y g,
Synthesising And Evaluating Information
Chunking Questions * Funnel Questions
Probing Questions * Focus Questions
Directing Questions * Clarifying Questions
Leading Questions * Process Questions
Prompting Questions * Follow-Up
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 12
13. Follow – Up Questions Prompt For
◦ Clarification
◦ Perspectives
◦ Rationale
◦ Options
◦ Implications
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 13
14. Little boy blue, come blow your horn
The sheep's in the meadow, the cow's in the corn
Where is that boy who looks after the sheep?
Under the haystack fast asleep
Will you wake him? Oh no, not I
For if I do he will surely cry
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 14
15. Knowledge (Remembering): In this picture, what is the
colour of the boy’s coat?
y
Comprehension (Understanding): How would you
describe the picture in your own words?
Application (S l i ) D you k
A li ti (Solving): Do know someone lik Littl
like Little
Boy Blue?
Analysis (Reasoning): Why might he have fallen asleep?
Synthesis (Creating): How do you think he will explain
to the farmer how the cow got into the corn?
Evaluation (Judging): Why do you think it matters if he
falls asleep even if no one ever finds out?
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 15
16. Meeting Outcome
Process Design Outcome
Information Available
Participants
Time Available
l bl
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 16
17. Aim/Outcome/Deliverable/Objective
◦ Information Gathering
◦ Reviewing, Analyzing and Interpreting Information
◦ Addressing Issues
◦ Evaluating and Planning
◦ Making A Decision
◦ Taking Action
Individual, Small Group – Large Group
Natural Thinking Process
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 17
18. What/Facts
Gut Reaction/Feelings
So What?/Implications
Now What?/Decisions
Adapted from ICA Associates
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 18
19. Waking Up In the Morning
“What”/ Facts The alarm clock rings
“Gut Reaction /
Gut Reaction” You groan feel tired,
groan, tired
Feelings want more sleep
“So What /
So What” You remember that
Implications you have an early
morning meeting
“Now What” /
“N Wh ” You get up and get
Y d
Decisions ready for work
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 19
20. People walk in, take
in
OBJECTIVE things in with their
senses.
Begin to sense, like,
don t like,
don't like emotions
& feelings stir,
REFLECTIVE associations are
made, memories rise
to the surface
Make conscious
connections,
thoughts arise,
words, ideas form,
INTERPRETIVE understanding, we
think about what's
going on
Consider actions,
decisions, choices,
decisions choices
DECISIONAL what to do, how to
respond, how to
relate
Adapted from ICA Associates
20
21. Getting To Know One Another
Clarifying Expectations
Building Commitment
Developing Working Guidelines
Decision Making Ground Rules
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 21
22. Think, Pair, Square and Share - Design
Guidelines.
Aim: The Team will create a set of Working Guidelines
What Working Guidelines does our Team require to create a
productive working environment? – Focus Question
Individually – Jot down 2 3 key responses to this focus
2-3
question.
Pairs – Share your responses with one another person and
merge your Working Guideline requirements.
Square – With another pair – Share your responses and merge
your Working Guideline requirements.
Share - All groups share their responses. (Document on Flipchart)
◦ Where does there appear to be agreement on Working Guidelines?
◦ Where does there seem to be two ideas that are similar? How can we merge them to
create another Working Guideline we can agree to?
◦ Read list of Working Guidelines Is this Working Guidelines that our Team needs to
create a productive work environment?
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 22
23. What?
The Notice Questions
Objective And
Actions Reflective Observations
Now What? So What?
The Application The Meaning
Questions
Q ti Questions
Q ti
Decisional Interpretive
Reflections
Adapted from Making Questions Work
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 23
Dorothy Strachan
24. “What” ?
◦ R i awareness what they know and f l about
Raise h t th k d feel b t
something.
As we begin this planning session, what is in the front of your
mind with respect to this Project? What have noticed is
different about this Project? What is happening here?
“So What”
◦ Three Areas of Focus
What patterns do you see here?
How do you account for what is happening here?
What does all this mean?
“Now What”
◦ The Applications Questions (Actions)
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 24
25. 1. Understanding the Situation - Objective
2. Clarifying the Issues – Reflective/Interpretive
3. G
3 Generating Options - I t
ti O ti Interpretive
ti
4. Testing Options - Interpretive
5. Making a Decision – Decisional
6. Taking Action - Decisional
Addressing Issues
Adapted from Making Questions Work
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 25
Dorothy Strachan
26. 1. What words would you use to describe the issue
facing the Team associated with this Project?
2.What recurring patterns do you see here?
3. What do we need to do to get unstuck and
address this issue successfully?
4. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each
of these options?
5. According to the criteria we agreed upon,
which of these three options fits best?
6. What factors do we need to consider that
could impact implementation?
Addressing Issues
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 26
27. Looking Backward Looking Forward
◦ Whole Experience
p ◦ Celebrating Success
◦ Learning ◦ Building Ownership
◦ Productivity ◦ Taking Action
◦ Managing the Process ◦ Future Collaboration
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 27
28. Enabling Action Design
Aim: To clarify the impact of the meeting by providing an
opportunity for participants to debrief the session teasing
out the learning’s and insights.
Let’s look back at our experience of this meeting.
What words and or phrases do you remember?
h d d h d b
What is one thing that stood out for you during today’s meeting?
What did we get done during this meeting?
What were high points of the meeting?
Where did we struggle?
h dd l
What was a turning point in the meeting?
What new vantage point has this meeting given us?
What’s the Team’s next step in implementing what we decided during
this
thi meeting?
ti ?
What are you going to focus on in relation to (Topic) as a result of
participating in this meeting?
This meeting has been a significant step in moving this project forward.
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 28
29. Prepare To Draw Miss Allowing For
Range of Responses Individual Thought
From Participants Before Allowing
Use A Variety Of Responses
Get Di
G Discouraged If
d
Techniques
Your First Question
Provide Feedback Bombs – Rephrase
p
And Reinforcement
A dR i f Skimp on the
Spread Questions Questions - Plan for
Around The Group.
Group More Than You Need
Do’s Don’ts
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 29
30.
After having completed this session,
g p
participants will:
◦ Appreciate questioning as a fundamental technique
for eliciting, synthesizing, analyzing information
eliciting synthesizing
and/or decision making.
◦ Be familiar with the range of questioning
techniques such as: Chunking, Funnel and Probing
questions.
◦ Understand how to effectively design a q
y g questioning
g
process framework.
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 30
31. The F ili i Way
Th Facilitative W
◦ Priscilla H. Wilson
◦ 0-9729764-0-x
Making Questions Work
◦ Dorothy Strachan
◦ 0-86571-416-9
The Art of Focused Conversations
◦ R. Brain Stanfield
◦ 0-7879-8727-1
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 31
32. The Art of Questioning
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 32