This paper presents an audio personalization framework for mobile devices. The multimedia
models MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 are used to describe metadata information. The metadata which support personalization are stored into each device. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) language is used to produce and manipulate the relative ontological descriptions. The process is distributed according to the MapReduce framework and implemented over the Android platform. It determines a hierarchical system structure consisted of Master and Worker devices. The Master retrieves a list of audio tracks matching specific criteria using SPARQL queries.
This paper presents a semantic model which delivers personalized audio information. The personalization process is automated and decentralized. The metadata which support personalization are separated in two categories: the metadata describing user preferences stored at each user and the resource adaptation metadata stored at the server. The multimedia models MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 are used to describe metadata information. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) language is used to produce and manipulate the relative ontological descriptions.
Personalized Multimedia Web Services in Peer to Peer Networks Using MPEG-7 an...University of Piraeus
Multimedia information has been increased in the recent years while new content delivery services enhanced with personalization functionalities are provided to users. Several standards are proposed for the representation and retrieval of multimedia content. This paper makes an overview of the available standards and technologies. Furthermore a prototype semantic P2P architecture is presented which delivers personalized audio information. The metadata which support personalization are separated in two categories: the metadata describing user preferences stored at each user and the resource adaptation metadata stored at the P2P network’s web services. The multimedia models MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 are used to describe metadata information and the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to produce and manipulate ontological descriptions. SPARQL is used for querying the OWL ontologies. The MPEG Query Format (MPQF) is also used, providing a well-known framework for applying queries to the metadata and to the ontologies.
QEBU: AN ADVANCED GRAPHICAL EDITOR FOR THE EBUCORE METADATA SET | Paolo PASIN...FIAT/IFTA
Creation and management of metadata documents can be quite a difficult task to accomplish manually. To address this issue in the context of the EBUCore v1.3 metadata set, we propose a GUI-based metadata editor, QEbu, developed during the Multimedia Archival Techniques course, held at the Polytechnic University of Turin in collaboration with RAI.
The aim is to provide a user-friendly graphical editor to create and manage XML documents, relieving the user from the burden of worrying about the structure of the data and letting him focus on the actual content.
QEbu has been developed in C++ using the cross-platform and open source library Qt 4.8; this framework was chosen in order to exploit its natural features for developing interface-centered applications.
Profile based Video segmentation system to support E-learningGihan Wikramanayake
S C Premaratne, D D Karunaratna, G N Wikramanayake, K P Hewagamage, G K A Dias (2004) "Profile Based Video Segmentation System to Support e-Learning" In:6th International Information Technology Conference, Edited by:V.K. Samaranayake et al. pp. 74-81. Infotel Lanka Society, Colombo, Sri Lanka: IITC Nov 29-Dec 1, ISBN: 955-8974-01-3
This document provides a summary of key concepts in computer networks:
1. It defines a computer network and describes the basic components - PCs, interconnections like network cards and cables, switches, and routers.
2. It discusses common network applications like email, web browsers, instant messaging, and collaboration tools.
3. It describes the seven-layer OSI model and compares it to the TCP/IP model, explaining the functions of the physical, data link, network, and transport layers.
4. It discusses networking software, network performance metrics like bandwidth and latency, and link layer services like acknowledged and unacknowledged connection-oriented services.
USING ONTOLOGIES TO OVERCOMING DRAWBACKS OF DATABASES AND VICE VERSA: A SURVEYcseij
This document summarizes research on using ontologies to overcome drawbacks of databases and vice versa. It discusses how ontologies can be used to store and manage large numbers of database instances to improve performance. It also explains how databases can help address issues with ontologies, such as a lack of semantics, by providing structured storage. The document reviews drawbacks of both databases and ontologies and how each can help address limitations of the other through integration. This mutual benefit is an active area of research at the intersection of databases and ontologies.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a customized ontological model for representing user profiles to improve web information gathering. The model uses both a global knowledge base and local user repositories to construct personalized ontologies. It introduces a multidimensional ontology mining method to analyze ontology concepts. The local repositories are then used to populate the personalized ontologies with background knowledge. An evaluation compares the proposed model to benchmarks and finds it successfully represents user profiles.
Automated Java Code Generation (ICDIM 2006)IT Industry
Rule based Production Systems for Automatic Code Generation in Java
This document describes a system that can automatically generate UML diagrams and code from natural language requirements. It analyzes text written in English to extract objects, classes, attributes and methods. It then generates UML class, activity, sequence and use case diagrams based on the analysis. Finally, it produces code in languages like Java, C# and VB.NET corresponding to the diagrams. The system aims to save time and costs by automating modeling and a significant portion of coding based on input requirements. It provides a more efficient alternative to traditional manual modeling and coding approaches.
This paper presents a semantic model which delivers personalized audio information. The personalization process is automated and decentralized. The metadata which support personalization are separated in two categories: the metadata describing user preferences stored at each user and the resource adaptation metadata stored at the server. The multimedia models MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 are used to describe metadata information. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) language is used to produce and manipulate the relative ontological descriptions.
Personalized Multimedia Web Services in Peer to Peer Networks Using MPEG-7 an...University of Piraeus
Multimedia information has been increased in the recent years while new content delivery services enhanced with personalization functionalities are provided to users. Several standards are proposed for the representation and retrieval of multimedia content. This paper makes an overview of the available standards and technologies. Furthermore a prototype semantic P2P architecture is presented which delivers personalized audio information. The metadata which support personalization are separated in two categories: the metadata describing user preferences stored at each user and the resource adaptation metadata stored at the P2P network’s web services. The multimedia models MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 are used to describe metadata information and the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to produce and manipulate ontological descriptions. SPARQL is used for querying the OWL ontologies. The MPEG Query Format (MPQF) is also used, providing a well-known framework for applying queries to the metadata and to the ontologies.
QEBU: AN ADVANCED GRAPHICAL EDITOR FOR THE EBUCORE METADATA SET | Paolo PASIN...FIAT/IFTA
Creation and management of metadata documents can be quite a difficult task to accomplish manually. To address this issue in the context of the EBUCore v1.3 metadata set, we propose a GUI-based metadata editor, QEbu, developed during the Multimedia Archival Techniques course, held at the Polytechnic University of Turin in collaboration with RAI.
The aim is to provide a user-friendly graphical editor to create and manage XML documents, relieving the user from the burden of worrying about the structure of the data and letting him focus on the actual content.
QEbu has been developed in C++ using the cross-platform and open source library Qt 4.8; this framework was chosen in order to exploit its natural features for developing interface-centered applications.
Profile based Video segmentation system to support E-learningGihan Wikramanayake
S C Premaratne, D D Karunaratna, G N Wikramanayake, K P Hewagamage, G K A Dias (2004) "Profile Based Video Segmentation System to Support e-Learning" In:6th International Information Technology Conference, Edited by:V.K. Samaranayake et al. pp. 74-81. Infotel Lanka Society, Colombo, Sri Lanka: IITC Nov 29-Dec 1, ISBN: 955-8974-01-3
This document provides a summary of key concepts in computer networks:
1. It defines a computer network and describes the basic components - PCs, interconnections like network cards and cables, switches, and routers.
2. It discusses common network applications like email, web browsers, instant messaging, and collaboration tools.
3. It describes the seven-layer OSI model and compares it to the TCP/IP model, explaining the functions of the physical, data link, network, and transport layers.
4. It discusses networking software, network performance metrics like bandwidth and latency, and link layer services like acknowledged and unacknowledged connection-oriented services.
USING ONTOLOGIES TO OVERCOMING DRAWBACKS OF DATABASES AND VICE VERSA: A SURVEYcseij
This document summarizes research on using ontologies to overcome drawbacks of databases and vice versa. It discusses how ontologies can be used to store and manage large numbers of database instances to improve performance. It also explains how databases can help address issues with ontologies, such as a lack of semantics, by providing structured storage. The document reviews drawbacks of both databases and ontologies and how each can help address limitations of the other through integration. This mutual benefit is an active area of research at the intersection of databases and ontologies.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a customized ontological model for representing user profiles to improve web information gathering. The model uses both a global knowledge base and local user repositories to construct personalized ontologies. It introduces a multidimensional ontology mining method to analyze ontology concepts. The local repositories are then used to populate the personalized ontologies with background knowledge. An evaluation compares the proposed model to benchmarks and finds it successfully represents user profiles.
Automated Java Code Generation (ICDIM 2006)IT Industry
Rule based Production Systems for Automatic Code Generation in Java
This document describes a system that can automatically generate UML diagrams and code from natural language requirements. It analyzes text written in English to extract objects, classes, attributes and methods. It then generates UML class, activity, sequence and use case diagrams based on the analysis. Finally, it produces code in languages like Java, C# and VB.NET corresponding to the diagrams. The system aims to save time and costs by automating modeling and a significant portion of coding based on input requirements. It provides a more efficient alternative to traditional manual modeling and coding approaches.
In tech application-of_data_mining_technology_on_e_learning_material_recommen...Enhmandah Hemeelee
The document describes a recommendation system that applies data mining techniques to recommend e-learning materials. It proposes using LDAP for fast searching of materials across systems, JAXB for parsing content, and association rule mining and collaborative filtering for recommendations. A web spider collects content indexes from learning management systems and stores data in an LDAP directory. Users can search for related materials, and the system mines log data to associate frequently searched terms and recommend additional resources.
This document summarizes the CoQUOS approach for maintaining consistency of continuous queries in unstructured peer-to-peer networks. CoQUOS is a lightweight middleware that supports registering long-standing queries and notifying peers when new matching content appears. It uses cluster-resilient random walks and dynamic probability-based query registration. The consistency maintenance mechanism ensures timely updates and avoids unnecessary replication by adaptively polling replicas based on query and update rates. Evaluation shows CoQUOS achieves high consistency efficiency at low cost.
Ontology-based Semantic Approach for Learning Object RecommendationIDES Editor
The main focus of this paper is to apply an ontologybased
approach for semantic learning object recommendation
towards personalized e-learning systems. Ontologies for
learner model, learning objects and semantic mapping rules
are proposed. The recommender can be able to provide
individually learning object by taking the learner preferences
and styles, which used to adjust or fine-tune in learning object
recommending process. In the proposed framework, we
demonstrated how the ontologies can be used to enable
machines to interpret and process learning resources in
recommendation system. The recommendation consists of four
steps: semantic mapping between learner and learning
objects, preference score calculation, learning object ranking
and recommending the learning object. As a result, a
personalized and most suitable learning object is
recommended to the learner.
The technology of object oriented databases was introduced to system developers in
the late 1980’s. Object DBMSs add database functionality to object programming languages. A
major benefit of this approach is the unification of the application and database development into
a seamless data model and language environment. As a result, applications require less code, use
more natural data modeling, and code bases are easier to maintain.
"Analysis of Different Text Classification Algorithms: An Assessment "ijtsrd
Theoretical Classification of information has become a significant research region. The way toward ordering archives into predefined classifications dependent on their substance is Text characterization. It is the mechanized task of common language writings to predefined classifications. The essential prerequisite of content recovery frameworks is content characterization, which recover messages because of a client inquiry, and content getting frameworks, which change message here and there, for example, responding to questions, creating outlines or removing information. In this paper we are concentrating the different grouping calculations. Order is the way toward isolating the information to certain gatherings that can demonstration either conditionally or freely. Our fundamental point is to show the examination of the different characterization calculations like K nn, Na¯ve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine SVM with quick digger and discover which calculation will be generally reasonable for the clients. Adarsh Raushan | Prof. Ankur Taneja | Prof. Naveen Jain "Analysis of Different Text Classification Algorithms: An Assessment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29869.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/29869/analysis-of-different-text-classification-algorithms-an-assessment/adarsh-raushan
Synchronization is The Co-ordination of The Events To Operate A System in Unison .
Systems operating with all their parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync.
R.S. Ram Prakash has over 2 years of experience as a System Engineer. He has proficiency in languages like C and Assembly along with technical skills including image processing, digital signal processing, and systems engineering. He holds an M.E. in Communication Systems from Anna University and has experience developing control software using MATLAB/Simulink. His past projects include developing POST software for avionics systems and a motor speed controller. He has also done work in 3D reconstruction from stereo images and published papers in conferences on topics like brain MRI classification.
The document discusses communication over networks and introduces several key concepts:
1. It describes the basic elements of communication including a source, destination, and channel. It notes devices communicate in the same way with senders, receivers, and a pathway.
2. It discusses how segmenting data into smaller packets allows for multiplexing of different transmissions and increases reliability over the network by allowing alternate paths if one fails.
3. It introduces the different components that make up a network including end devices, intermediary devices, and different types of media that provide the channel for communication.
IRJET - Deep Learning Applications and Frameworks – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews deep learning applications and frameworks. It begins by defining deep learning and discussing how deep neural networks can be used to automatically identify patterns in large datasets. It then discusses several applications of deep learning, including self-driving cars, news aggregation, natural language processing, virtual assistants, and visual recognition. The document also describes artificial neural networks and deep neural networks. Finally, it reviews several popular deep learning frameworks, including TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, Caffe, and Chainer.
Imran Sarwar Bajwa, M. Abbas Choudhary [2006], "Natural Language Processing based Automated System for UML Diagrams Generation", in Saudi 18th National Conference on Computer Application, 2006, (18th NCCA) Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pp:171-176
A survey of techniques for achieving metadata interoperabilityunyil96
This document provides a survey of techniques for achieving metadata interoperability between heterogeneous metadata repositories. It begins by introducing the concept of metadata and identifying three key components: metadata instances, schemas, and schema definition languages. It then analyzes factors that can impede interoperability between distinct metadata descriptions, such as structural and semantic heterogeneities. Various techniques for establishing interoperability are categorized and described, with a focus on metadata mapping. Finally, the techniques are compared in terms of their ability to resolve different types of heterogeneities.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses what a network is, different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also describes the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and its seven layers. Finally, it discusses reference models for networking including the OSI model and TCP/IP model, and provides examples of different types of networks.
LIT (Lexicon of the Italian Television) is a project conceived by the Accademia della Crusca, the leading research institution on the Italian language, in collaboration with CLIEO (Center for theoretical and historical Linguistics: Italian, European and Oriental languages), with the aim of studying frequencies of the Italian lexicon used in television content and targets the specific sector of web applications for linguistic research. The corpus of transcriptions is constituted approximately by 170 hours of random television recordings transmitted by the national broadcaster RAI (Italian Radio Television) during the year 2006.
SOFIA - A Smart-M3 lab course: approach and design style to support student p...Sofia Eu
This document describes a lab course on smart spaces and ambient intelligence that was included in a postgraduate degree program. The course asked student groups to propose, develop, and demonstrate simple smart environment applications using Smart-M3, an open source interoperability platform. The course design was developed around the preliminary results of the European Project SOFIA. Students were introduced to key concepts and tools like semantic data representation using RDF and OWL ontologies. They then developed projects using a provided design style and application development process.
Cross Lingual Information Retrieval Using Search Engine and Data MiningIDES Editor
With the explosive growth of international users,
distributed information and the number of linguistic
resources, accessible throughout the World Wide Web,
information retrieval has become crucial for users to find,
retrieve and understand relevant information, in any language
and form. Cross- Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) is a
subfield of Information Retrieval which provides a query in
one language and searches document collections in one or
many languages but it also has a specific meaning of crosslanguage
information retrieval where a document collection
is multilingual. In the present research, we focus on query
translation, disambiguation of multiple translation candidates
and query expansion with various combinations, in order to
improve the effectiveness of retrieval. Extracting, selecting
and adding terms that emphasize query concepts are performed
using expansion techniques such as, pseudo-relevance
feedback, domain-based feedback and thesaurus-based
expansion. A method for information retrieval for a query
expressed in a native language is presented in this paper. It
uses insights from data mining and intelligent search for
formulating the query and parsing the results.
Ontology Mapping for Dynamic Multiagent Environment IJORCS
Ontologies are essential for the realization of the Semantic Web, which in turn relies on the ability of systems to identify and exploit relationships that exist between and within ontologies. As ontologies can be used to represent different domains, there is a high need for efficient ontology matching techniques that can allow information to be easily shared between different heterogeneous systems. There are various systems were proposed recently for ontology mapping. Ontology mapping is a prerequisite for achieving heterogeneous data integration on the Semantic Web. The vision of the Semantic Web implies that a large number of ontologies present on the web need to be aligned before one can make use of them. At the same time, these ontologies can be used as domain-specific background knowledge by the ontology mapping systems to increase the mapping precision. However, these ontologies can differ in representation, quality, and size that pose different challenges to ontology mapping. In this paper, we analyzed the various challenges of recently introduced Multi-Agent Ontology Mapping Framework, DSSim and we have integrated an efficient feature called QoS-Web Services Composition with DSSsim. ie we have improved this framework with QoS based Service Compositions Mechanism. From our experimental results, it is established that this developed QoS based Web Services Compositions Mechanism for Multiagent Ontology Mapping Framework minimizing uncertain reasoning and improves matching time, which are encouraging results of our proposed work.
1. The document describes a hybrid middleware for an RFID-based parking management system that combines publish-subscribe and group communication in overlay networks.
2. The hybrid middleware uses group communication relevant to P2P networks as the focus of its technology development. A group of peer nodes efficiently handle events from RFID readers and vehicle detectors to be processed by services.
3. The simulation results showed the approach improved performance of the P2P network. The implementation provides a lower-cost model for building an electronic parking management system.
- The document discusses requirements for distributed multimedia systems, including supporting continuous media streams, quality of service management, synchronization, and multiparty communications.
- It introduces two framework models for meeting these requirements: 1) A middleware platform that uses "binding objects" to establish and control quality of service for streaming multimedia between applications. 2) A framework providing different services and satisfying application requirements through service selection and integration in an IPv6 differentiated services environment.
- The key requirements discussed are the need to support continuous media streaming over long periods, sophisticated static and dynamic quality of service management, synchronization of multiple media streams, and programming/system support for multiparty communications.
A Mobile Audio Server enhanced with Semantic Personalization CapabilitiesUniversity of Piraeus
The document describes a mobile audio server enhanced with semantic personalization capabilities. The server and client are implemented on the Android platform to provide mobility. User preferences metadata is stored locally on each client to minimize central storage requirements, while audio resources and adaptation metadata are stored on the server. MPEG-21, MPEG-7 and OWL are used to semantically describe metadata about users, audio resources, and their relationships. The server uses the metadata to promote personalized audio tracks to clients based on their preferences.
A Personalized Audio Web Service using MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standardsUniversity of Piraeus
This document summarizes a paper that presents a personalized audio web service using MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards for metadata description and querying. The proposed system delivers personalized audio content to users based on their preferences stored using MPEG standards. It uses a decentralized architecture where user preferences are stored locally on clients, while audio resources and adaptation metadata are stored on the web service. The service utilizes standards like MPEG-7, MPEG-21, OWL, SPARQL and MPQF to manage metadata, ontologies and queries for personalizing audio content delivery.
The document discusses building an ontology for MPEG-7 multimedia content descriptions using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema language. It describes the process of reverse engineering an RDF class hierarchy and property relationships from the MPEG-7 XML Schema definitions. Challenges included expressing multiple range constraints and dealing with the lack of an existing data model. The results include RDF Schema definitions for the top-level multimedia entities, segments, decomposition relationships, and basic non-multimedia entities defined in MPEG-7. Expressing the MPEG-7 semantics in an RDF Schema ontology enables greater interoperability and integration with descriptions from other domains on the Semantic Web.
In tech application-of_data_mining_technology_on_e_learning_material_recommen...Enhmandah Hemeelee
The document describes a recommendation system that applies data mining techniques to recommend e-learning materials. It proposes using LDAP for fast searching of materials across systems, JAXB for parsing content, and association rule mining and collaborative filtering for recommendations. A web spider collects content indexes from learning management systems and stores data in an LDAP directory. Users can search for related materials, and the system mines log data to associate frequently searched terms and recommend additional resources.
This document summarizes the CoQUOS approach for maintaining consistency of continuous queries in unstructured peer-to-peer networks. CoQUOS is a lightweight middleware that supports registering long-standing queries and notifying peers when new matching content appears. It uses cluster-resilient random walks and dynamic probability-based query registration. The consistency maintenance mechanism ensures timely updates and avoids unnecessary replication by adaptively polling replicas based on query and update rates. Evaluation shows CoQUOS achieves high consistency efficiency at low cost.
Ontology-based Semantic Approach for Learning Object RecommendationIDES Editor
The main focus of this paper is to apply an ontologybased
approach for semantic learning object recommendation
towards personalized e-learning systems. Ontologies for
learner model, learning objects and semantic mapping rules
are proposed. The recommender can be able to provide
individually learning object by taking the learner preferences
and styles, which used to adjust or fine-tune in learning object
recommending process. In the proposed framework, we
demonstrated how the ontologies can be used to enable
machines to interpret and process learning resources in
recommendation system. The recommendation consists of four
steps: semantic mapping between learner and learning
objects, preference score calculation, learning object ranking
and recommending the learning object. As a result, a
personalized and most suitable learning object is
recommended to the learner.
The technology of object oriented databases was introduced to system developers in
the late 1980’s. Object DBMSs add database functionality to object programming languages. A
major benefit of this approach is the unification of the application and database development into
a seamless data model and language environment. As a result, applications require less code, use
more natural data modeling, and code bases are easier to maintain.
"Analysis of Different Text Classification Algorithms: An Assessment "ijtsrd
Theoretical Classification of information has become a significant research region. The way toward ordering archives into predefined classifications dependent on their substance is Text characterization. It is the mechanized task of common language writings to predefined classifications. The essential prerequisite of content recovery frameworks is content characterization, which recover messages because of a client inquiry, and content getting frameworks, which change message here and there, for example, responding to questions, creating outlines or removing information. In this paper we are concentrating the different grouping calculations. Order is the way toward isolating the information to certain gatherings that can demonstration either conditionally or freely. Our fundamental point is to show the examination of the different characterization calculations like K nn, Na¯ve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine SVM with quick digger and discover which calculation will be generally reasonable for the clients. Adarsh Raushan | Prof. Ankur Taneja | Prof. Naveen Jain "Analysis of Different Text Classification Algorithms: An Assessment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29869.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/29869/analysis-of-different-text-classification-algorithms-an-assessment/adarsh-raushan
Synchronization is The Co-ordination of The Events To Operate A System in Unison .
Systems operating with all their parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync.
R.S. Ram Prakash has over 2 years of experience as a System Engineer. He has proficiency in languages like C and Assembly along with technical skills including image processing, digital signal processing, and systems engineering. He holds an M.E. in Communication Systems from Anna University and has experience developing control software using MATLAB/Simulink. His past projects include developing POST software for avionics systems and a motor speed controller. He has also done work in 3D reconstruction from stereo images and published papers in conferences on topics like brain MRI classification.
The document discusses communication over networks and introduces several key concepts:
1. It describes the basic elements of communication including a source, destination, and channel. It notes devices communicate in the same way with senders, receivers, and a pathway.
2. It discusses how segmenting data into smaller packets allows for multiplexing of different transmissions and increases reliability over the network by allowing alternate paths if one fails.
3. It introduces the different components that make up a network including end devices, intermediary devices, and different types of media that provide the channel for communication.
IRJET - Deep Learning Applications and Frameworks – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews deep learning applications and frameworks. It begins by defining deep learning and discussing how deep neural networks can be used to automatically identify patterns in large datasets. It then discusses several applications of deep learning, including self-driving cars, news aggregation, natural language processing, virtual assistants, and visual recognition. The document also describes artificial neural networks and deep neural networks. Finally, it reviews several popular deep learning frameworks, including TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, Caffe, and Chainer.
Imran Sarwar Bajwa, M. Abbas Choudhary [2006], "Natural Language Processing based Automated System for UML Diagrams Generation", in Saudi 18th National Conference on Computer Application, 2006, (18th NCCA) Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pp:171-176
A survey of techniques for achieving metadata interoperabilityunyil96
This document provides a survey of techniques for achieving metadata interoperability between heterogeneous metadata repositories. It begins by introducing the concept of metadata and identifying three key components: metadata instances, schemas, and schema definition languages. It then analyzes factors that can impede interoperability between distinct metadata descriptions, such as structural and semantic heterogeneities. Various techniques for establishing interoperability are categorized and described, with a focus on metadata mapping. Finally, the techniques are compared in terms of their ability to resolve different types of heterogeneities.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses what a network is, different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also describes the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and its seven layers. Finally, it discusses reference models for networking including the OSI model and TCP/IP model, and provides examples of different types of networks.
LIT (Lexicon of the Italian Television) is a project conceived by the Accademia della Crusca, the leading research institution on the Italian language, in collaboration with CLIEO (Center for theoretical and historical Linguistics: Italian, European and Oriental languages), with the aim of studying frequencies of the Italian lexicon used in television content and targets the specific sector of web applications for linguistic research. The corpus of transcriptions is constituted approximately by 170 hours of random television recordings transmitted by the national broadcaster RAI (Italian Radio Television) during the year 2006.
SOFIA - A Smart-M3 lab course: approach and design style to support student p...Sofia Eu
This document describes a lab course on smart spaces and ambient intelligence that was included in a postgraduate degree program. The course asked student groups to propose, develop, and demonstrate simple smart environment applications using Smart-M3, an open source interoperability platform. The course design was developed around the preliminary results of the European Project SOFIA. Students were introduced to key concepts and tools like semantic data representation using RDF and OWL ontologies. They then developed projects using a provided design style and application development process.
Cross Lingual Information Retrieval Using Search Engine and Data MiningIDES Editor
With the explosive growth of international users,
distributed information and the number of linguistic
resources, accessible throughout the World Wide Web,
information retrieval has become crucial for users to find,
retrieve and understand relevant information, in any language
and form. Cross- Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) is a
subfield of Information Retrieval which provides a query in
one language and searches document collections in one or
many languages but it also has a specific meaning of crosslanguage
information retrieval where a document collection
is multilingual. In the present research, we focus on query
translation, disambiguation of multiple translation candidates
and query expansion with various combinations, in order to
improve the effectiveness of retrieval. Extracting, selecting
and adding terms that emphasize query concepts are performed
using expansion techniques such as, pseudo-relevance
feedback, domain-based feedback and thesaurus-based
expansion. A method for information retrieval for a query
expressed in a native language is presented in this paper. It
uses insights from data mining and intelligent search for
formulating the query and parsing the results.
Ontology Mapping for Dynamic Multiagent Environment IJORCS
Ontologies are essential for the realization of the Semantic Web, which in turn relies on the ability of systems to identify and exploit relationships that exist between and within ontologies. As ontologies can be used to represent different domains, there is a high need for efficient ontology matching techniques that can allow information to be easily shared between different heterogeneous systems. There are various systems were proposed recently for ontology mapping. Ontology mapping is a prerequisite for achieving heterogeneous data integration on the Semantic Web. The vision of the Semantic Web implies that a large number of ontologies present on the web need to be aligned before one can make use of them. At the same time, these ontologies can be used as domain-specific background knowledge by the ontology mapping systems to increase the mapping precision. However, these ontologies can differ in representation, quality, and size that pose different challenges to ontology mapping. In this paper, we analyzed the various challenges of recently introduced Multi-Agent Ontology Mapping Framework, DSSim and we have integrated an efficient feature called QoS-Web Services Composition with DSSsim. ie we have improved this framework with QoS based Service Compositions Mechanism. From our experimental results, it is established that this developed QoS based Web Services Compositions Mechanism for Multiagent Ontology Mapping Framework minimizing uncertain reasoning and improves matching time, which are encouraging results of our proposed work.
1. The document describes a hybrid middleware for an RFID-based parking management system that combines publish-subscribe and group communication in overlay networks.
2. The hybrid middleware uses group communication relevant to P2P networks as the focus of its technology development. A group of peer nodes efficiently handle events from RFID readers and vehicle detectors to be processed by services.
3. The simulation results showed the approach improved performance of the P2P network. The implementation provides a lower-cost model for building an electronic parking management system.
- The document discusses requirements for distributed multimedia systems, including supporting continuous media streams, quality of service management, synchronization, and multiparty communications.
- It introduces two framework models for meeting these requirements: 1) A middleware platform that uses "binding objects" to establish and control quality of service for streaming multimedia between applications. 2) A framework providing different services and satisfying application requirements through service selection and integration in an IPv6 differentiated services environment.
- The key requirements discussed are the need to support continuous media streaming over long periods, sophisticated static and dynamic quality of service management, synchronization of multiple media streams, and programming/system support for multiparty communications.
A Mobile Audio Server enhanced with Semantic Personalization CapabilitiesUniversity of Piraeus
The document describes a mobile audio server enhanced with semantic personalization capabilities. The server and client are implemented on the Android platform to provide mobility. User preferences metadata is stored locally on each client to minimize central storage requirements, while audio resources and adaptation metadata are stored on the server. MPEG-21, MPEG-7 and OWL are used to semantically describe metadata about users, audio resources, and their relationships. The server uses the metadata to promote personalized audio tracks to clients based on their preferences.
A Personalized Audio Web Service using MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standardsUniversity of Piraeus
This document summarizes a paper that presents a personalized audio web service using MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards for metadata description and querying. The proposed system delivers personalized audio content to users based on their preferences stored using MPEG standards. It uses a decentralized architecture where user preferences are stored locally on clients, while audio resources and adaptation metadata are stored on the web service. The service utilizes standards like MPEG-7, MPEG-21, OWL, SPARQL and MPQF to manage metadata, ontologies and queries for personalizing audio content delivery.
The document discusses building an ontology for MPEG-7 multimedia content descriptions using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema language. It describes the process of reverse engineering an RDF class hierarchy and property relationships from the MPEG-7 XML Schema definitions. Challenges included expressing multiple range constraints and dealing with the lack of an existing data model. The results include RDF Schema definitions for the top-level multimedia entities, segments, decomposition relationships, and basic non-multimedia entities defined in MPEG-7. Expressing the MPEG-7 semantics in an RDF Schema ontology enables greater interoperability and integration with descriptions from other domains on the Semantic Web.
The document discusses building an ontology for MPEG-7 multimedia content descriptions using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema language. It describes the process of reverse engineering an RDF class hierarchy and property relationships from the MPEG-7 XML Schema definitions. Challenges included expressing multiple range constraints and defining unions of classes. The resulting RDF Schema ontology defines classes for different types of multimedia content, segments, and descriptors, along with their relationships. This will enable semantic interoperability between MPEG-7 and other domains by providing a common understanding of multimedia descriptions.
Feature Extraction and Analysis of Natural Language Processing for Deep Learn...Sharmila Sathish
This document discusses using deep learning techniques for multi-modal feature extraction. It proposes a multi-modal neural network with independent sub-networks for each data mode. It also discusses using a bi-directional GRU network for English word segmentation to effectively solve long-distance dependency issues while reducing training and prediction time compared to bi-directional LSTM. Experimental results showed the proposed multi-modal fusion model can effectively extract low-dimensional fused features from original high-dimensional multi-modal data.
IRJET- Automated Document Summarization and Classification using Deep Lear...IRJET Journal
The document proposes a system that uses deep learning methods for automated document summarization and classification. It uses a recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) which combines a convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network to build a robust classifier model. For summarization, it employs a graph-based method inspired by PageRank to extract the top 20% of sentences from a document based on word intersections. The RCNN model achieved over 97% accuracy on classifying documents from various domains using their summaries. The system aims to speed up classification and make it more intuitive using automated summarization techniques with deep learning.
Text Summarization and Conversion of Speech to TextIRJET Journal
This document discusses text summarization and speech to text conversion using deep learning algorithms. It describes how recurrent neural networks can be used for text summarization by identifying key information and semantic meaning from text. Speech recognition uses similar deep learning methods to convert spoken audio to text. The document also provides an overview of the text summarization process, including segmentation, normalization, feature extraction, and modeling steps. It concludes that these models can generate summarized text from extensive documents and meetings.
Multimedia information retrieval using artificial neural networkIAESIJAI
The importance of the multimedia information retrieval (MIR) is highlighted
by the extensive amount of the information on the internet. Image, audio,
video, and text are all examples of the characteristics of the raw multimedia
data. It is greatly challenging to represent a concept of human perception and
how the machine-level language can grasp it (semantic gap of MIR).
However, this paper aims to improve the information retrieval model that
retrieves data from multimedia. This can be implemented by leveraging the
use of variety of algorithms that go through training and testing to extract the
model. One of these algorithms extracts text information based on the query
language's nature as the vector space model (VSM) and the latent semantic
index (LSI) were used. The other technique uses curvelet decomposition and
statistic parameters like mean, standard deviation, and signal energy to
recover these properties. Additionally, a discrete wavelet transforms (DWT)
and signal characteristics-based method is used to retrieve audio signals.
Finally, the neural network learning is modeled and trained on a collection
of different multimedia images. The learned features have been utilized for
presenting a highly sufficient system of multimedia retrieval which operates
for a large set of multi-modal datasets.
Extraction and Retrieval of Web based Content in Web EngineeringIRJET Journal
The document discusses a proposed architecture for parallelizing natural language processing (NLP) operations and web content crawling using Apache Hadoop and MapReduce. The system extracts keywords and key phrases from online articles using NLP techniques like part-of-speech tagging in a Hadoop cluster. Evaluation of the system showed improved storage capacity, faster data processing, shorter search times and accurate information retrieval from large datasets stored in HBase.
The document summarizes key aspects of the gCube architecture and its approaches to enabling interoperability across heterogeneous resources and communities. gCube aims to hide heterogeneity by providing unified access to diverse resources, and embrace heterogeneity by supporting multiple protocols and models. It utilizes various approaches like blackboard communication, wrappers, and adapters to achieve interoperability for resource discovery, content access, data discovery, process execution, and security. Applications like AquaMaps and time series management are also discussed.
Towards From Manual to Automatic Semantic Annotation: Based on Ontology Eleme...IJwest
This document describes a proposed system for automatic semantic annotation of web documents based on ontology elements and relationships. It begins with an introduction to semantic web and annotation. The proposed system architecture matches topics in text to entities in an ontology document. It utilizes WordNet as a lexical ontology and ontology resources to extract knowledge from text and generate annotations. The main components of the system include a text analyzer, ontology parser, and knowledge extractor. The system aims to automatically generate metadata to improve information retrieval for non-technical users.
This document provides an overview of different frameworks and technologies for linking models, data, and tools for integrated environmental modeling. It begins with definitions of key concepts like architecture, component, interface, and coupling. It then provides a brief alphabetical description of 8 major modeling frameworks: Common Component Architecture (CCA), Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF), Framework for Risk Analysis of Multi-Media Environmental Systems (FRAMES), High Level Architecture (HLA), Kepler, Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT), and OASIS/PALM. The frameworks differ in their approaches but also complement each other to some degree. The document aims to understand how and why the various approaches address conflicting demands like generality, flexibility, ease of use
ONTOLOGY VISUALIZATION PROTÉGÉ TOOLS – A REVIEWijait
The document discusses ontology visualization tools in Protégé. It reviews four main visualization methods used in Protégé tools: indented list, node-link and tree, zoomable, and focus+context. It then examines specific Protégé tools that use each method, including their key features and limitations. The tools discussed are Protégé Class Browser (indented list), Protégé OntoViz and OntoSphere (node-link and tree), Jambalaya (zoomable), and Protégé TGVizTab (focus+context). The document aims to categorize the characteristics of existing Protégé visualization tools to assist in method selection and promote future research.
ONTOLOGY VISUALIZATION PROTÉGÉ TOOLS – A REVIEW ijait
The document discusses ontology visualization tools in Protégé. It reviews four main visualization methods used in Protégé tools: indented list, node-link and tree, zoomable, and focus+context. It then examines specific Protégé tools that use each method, including their key features and limitations. The tools assessed are Protégé Class Browser (indented list), Protégé OntoViz and OntoSphere (node-link and tree), Jambalaya (zoomable), and Protégé TGVizTab (focus+context). The document concludes by summarizing and comparing the visualization characteristics of these Protégé tools.
Book of abstract volume 8 no 9 ijcsis december 2010Oladokun Sulaiman
The International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS) is a publication venue for novel research in computer science and information security. This issue from December 2010 contains 5 research papers. The first paper proposes a 128-bit chaotic hash function that uses the logistic map and MD5/SHA-1 hashes. The second paper discusses constructing an ontology for representing human emotions in videos to improve video retrieval. The third paper proposes an intelligent memory controller for H.264 encoders to reduce external memory access. The fourth paper investigates the impact of fragmentation on query performance in distributed databases. The fifth paper examines the effect of guard intervals in a proposed MIMO-OFDM system for wireless communication.
SOFIA - Experiences in Implementing a Cross-domain Use Case by Combining Sema...Sofia Eu
This document describes experiences from implementing a cross-domain use case that combines a "Music follows user" use case with a "Read aloud message" use case. It does this by combining services operating on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) with agents executing on a smart space architecture. Lessons learned suggest defining simple ontological concepts and associated behaviors to implement similar use cases in a scalable, future-proof manner.
Real Time Sign Language Translation Using Tensor Flow Object DetectionIRJET Journal
This document describes a real-time sign language translation system developed using TensorFlow object detection. The system was able to detect Indian sign language alphabets in real-time with an average accuracy of 87.4% after training an SSD MobileNet v2 model on a dataset of 500 images containing signs for the English alphabet. Future work may focus on improving accuracy, reducing latency for real-time translation, and recognizing facial expressions in addition to hand gestures.
The document discusses various technologies for metasearching or cross-searching multiple databases at once, including Z39.50 for real-time searching, SRU/SRW web services, and OAI-PMH for metadata harvesting. It explains concepts like XML, web services, SOAP, and WSDL, and provides examples of how technologies like Z39.50, SRU, and OAI-PMH enable searching across different data sources.
SOFIA - RDF Recipes for Context Aware Interoperability in Pervasive Systems. NXPSofia Eu
This document discusses using ontologies and semantic interoperability to enable context-aware systems of pervasive devices. It proposes representing devices' knowledge and capabilities using ontologies structured in layers. The top layer is a core ontology, with more specialized domain and device ontologies below. Devices use ontology concepts and "recipes" stored in their knowledgebases to understand contexts, coordinate virtual devices, and respond to requests. Recipes define step-by-step actions for devices to perform tasks. Representing devices' knowledge and behaviors semantically through shared ontologies allows their systems to work interoperably and adapt to contexts.
A Framework To Generate 3D Learning ExperienceNathan Mathis
The document discusses a framework called OpenWebTalk (OWT) that was created to generate configurable 3D learning experiences. OWT is a declarative 3D component framework based on XML documents that describe both the formal structure of the virtual world and the complex set of interaction rules that govern user interactions. This framework aims to help fast prototyping and easy building of collaborative applications. It decouples all phases of authoring, allows easy definition and composition of virtual sessions in a component-oriented fashion, and can drive and control interactions to stimulate collaboration. The framework also provides a high-performance 3D rendering engine configurable through XML.
Similar to A Distributed Audio Personalization Framework over Android (20)
A Route Selection Scheme for supporting Virtual Tours in Sites with Cultural ...University of Piraeus
This document proposes a route selection scheme for drones conducting virtual tours of cultural heritage sites. It uses two algorithms: 1) the Analytic Network Process to model user preferences for different monument types, and 2) the Trapezoidal Fuzzy TOPSIS method to rank candidate drone routes based on how well they cover monuments of interest while accounting for uncertainty. The proposed scheme applies fuzzy multiple attribute decision making to select the optimal route for providing users a satisfactory virtual tour experience tailored to their preferences. Performance evaluation shows it produces better results than existing fuzzy TOPSIS by choosing the most suitable flying route.
A Route Selection Scheme for supporting Virtual Tours in Sites with Cultural ...University of Piraeus
Virtual tourism is a novel trend that enhances the experience the users perceive from touristic places, such as archaeological sites. Drones are equipped with 360o video cameras and used for video capturing of the heritage sites. The video material is streamed to the users in real time, enriched with additional 3D, Augmented Reality (AR) or Mixed Reality (MR) material. Furthermore, the selection of the appropriate flying route for each drone should be performed, in order to provide a satisfactory tour experience to the user, considering his preferences about specific monuments. To address this issue, this paper describes a heritage route selection scheme for supporting real-time virtual tours in sites with cultural interest using drones. The proposed scheme applies a Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) algorithm, the Trapezoidal Fuzzy Topsis for Heritage Route Selection (TFT-HRS), to accomplish the ranking of the candidate heritage routes. The algorithm uses Interval-Valued Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (IVTFN) for the representation of heritage routes evaluation values. Performance evaluation shows that the suggested method produces better results compared to the Fuzzy Topsis (FTOPSIS) by selecting the most appropriate flying route for the drone.
A VHO Scheme for supporting Healthcare Services in 5G Vehicular Cloud Computi...University of Piraeus
Fifth Generation Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) systems use heterogeneous network access technologies in order to fulfill the requirements of modern services, including medical services with strict constraints. Therefore, the need for efficient Vertical Handover (VHO) management schemes must be addressed. In this paper, a VHO management scheme for supporting medical services in 5G-VCC systems, is described. It consists of the VHO initiation and the network selection processes, while at the same time, the vehicle’s velocity, its current connection type, as well as the status of the onboard patient’s health, are considered. Specifically, during the VHO initiation process the necessity to perform handover is evaluated. Subsequently, the network selection process selects the appropriate network alternative considering both medical service requirements and patients’ health status. The proposed scheme is applied to a 5G-VCC system which includes Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) Macrocells and Femtocells, as well as Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment Road Side Units (WAVE RSUs). Performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing VHO management schemes.
A Network Selection Scheme with Adaptive Criteria Weights for 5G Vehicular Sy...University of Piraeus
Fifth Generation Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) systems use heterogeneous network access technologies to fulfill the requirements of modern vehicular services. Efficient network selection algorithms are required to satisfy the constraints of Driver Assistance (DA) services, Passengers Entertainment and Information (PEnI) services and Medical (MED) services that provided to vehicular users. The presence of MED services affects the importance of other services in situations where patients with immediate health status exist within the vehicle. This paper proposes a network selection scheme which considers the patient health status to adapt the importance of each service. The scheme consists of two Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) algorithms: the Trapezoidal Fuzzy Adaptive Analytic Network Process (TF-AANP) to calculate the relative importance of each vehicular service and the selection criteria, as well as the Trapezoidal Fuzzy Topsis with Adaptive Criteria Weights (TFT-ACW) to accomplish the ranking of the candidate networks. Both algorithms use Interval-Valued Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (IVTFN). Performance evaluation shows that the suggested method outperforms existing algorithms by satisfying the constraints of MED services when the patient health status becomes immediate.
A Network Selection Algorithm for supporting Drone Services in 5G Network Arc...University of Piraeus
Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) use 5G network access technologies to fulfill the requirements of their services. In this environment, Drone to Infrastructure (D2I) communication is supported, while each drone could use both Disaster Management (DM) and non-Disaster Management (nDM) services. Efficient network selection algorithms are required to satisfy the constraints of the used services, since the presence of DM services affects the importance of nDM services in situations where a natural disaster occurs. This paper proposes a network selection algorithm which is called Dynamic Trapezoidal Fuzzy Topsis with Adaptive Criteria Weights (DTFT-ACW). DTFT-ACW accomplishes the ranking of the candidate networks considering the importance of each service, as well as the weights of the corresponding selection criteria, as they are obtained with respect to the severity level of a natural disaster occurred. Interval-Valued Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (IVTFN) are used for the criteria evaluation. Experimental results show that the suggested method outperforms existing algorithms by satisfying the constraints of DM services when a disaster becomes severe. Furthermore, DTFT-ACW eliminates the computational complexity of the network selection by considering past decisions.
A Network Selection Algorithm for supporting Drone Services in 5G Network Arc...University of Piraeus
Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) use 5G network access technologies to fulfill the requirements of their services. In this environment, Drone to Infrastructure (D2I) communication is supported, while each drone could use both Disaster Management (DM) and non-Disaster Management (nDM) services. Efficient network selection algorithms are required to satisfy the constraints of the used services, since the presence of DM services affects the importance of nDM services in situations where a natural disaster occurs. This paper proposes a network selection algorithm which is called Dynamic Trapezoidal Fuzzy Topsis with Adaptive Criteria Weights (DTFT-ACW). DTFT-ACW accomplishes the ranking of the candidate networks considering the importance of each service, as well as the weights of the corresponding selection criteria, as they are obtained with respect to the severity level of a natural disaster occurred. Interval-Valued Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (IVTFN) are used for the criteria evaluation. Experimental results show that the suggested method outperforms existing algorithms by satisfying the constraints of DM services when a disaster becomes severe. Furthermore, DTFT-ACW eliminates the computational complexity of the network selection by considering past decisions.
A Survey on Medium Access Control Schemes for 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing Sy...University of Piraeus
Fifth generation (5G) vehicular systems support multiple services with strict Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. To fulfill the increased communication needs, 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) architectures with dense deployments of the access network infrastructures have been proposed. In such systems, the network resources manipulation is a critical task that could be addressed by the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. MAC schemes that have been proposed for vehicular networks, can be applied to 5G-VCC systems in order optimal manipulation of communication resources to be accomplished. This paper makes an overview of available MAC schemes, while a comprehensive discussion about their implementation in 5G-VCC systems is performed leading to useful conclusions.
A Survey on Medium Access Control Schemes for 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing Sy...University of Piraeus
Fifth generation (5G) vehicular systems support multiple services with strict Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. To fulfill the increased communication needs, 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) architectures with dense deployments of the access network infrastructures have been proposed. In such systems, the network resources manipulation is a critical task that could be addressed by the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. MAC schemes that have been proposed for vehicular networks, can be applied to 5G-VCC systems in order optimal manipulation of communication resources to be accomplished. This paper makes an overview of available MAC schemes, while a comprehensive discussion about their implementation in 5G-VCC systems is performed leading to useful conclusions.
The enhancement of Underwater Cultural Heritage Assets using Augmented Realit...University of Piraeus
Τhe development in the fields of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) management and Maritime Archaeology, yields an interdisciplinary and creative academic framework, such as the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector that has been proved to build intelligent systems and applications. However, the ways to fully make use of these technologies are still being explored, as their potential have not been exploited yet. Underwater archaeological sites, semi (/or fully) submerged settlements, ancient ports and shipwrecks, unlike land sites, are not accessible to public due to their special (sub) marine environment and depth. In this paper, an innovative research idea of using Augmented Reality (AR) for maintaining the memory and the information of underwater archaeological sites, is presented. Although the “artificial” visual documentation cannot replace the authentic values of the underwater tangible heritage, the AR technology can contribute to the protection of the intangible properties and the conquered knowledge of the past of a place. This research work will focus, among other case studies, on the (semi) submerged fortifications and their contiguous contents of the acropolis of Halai in east Lokris, Greece. Hence, along with the climate change that may lead more antiquities covered by water during the following years, the advances in the communication field and the up-coming 5G and cloud technologies will make the idea fully applicable, contributing to the enhancement of the coastal and the underwater archaeological remains.
Fifth generation (5G) Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) systems use heterogeneous network access technologies to
fulfill the requirements of modern services. Multiple services with dierent Quality of Service (QoS) constraints could be available in each vehicle, while at the same time, user requirements and provider policies must be addressed. Therefore, the design of ecient Vertical Handover (VHO) management schemes for 5G-VCC infrastructures is needed. In this paper, a novel VHO management scheme for 5G-VCC systems is proposed. Whenever the user satisfaction grade becomes less than a predefined threshold, VHO is initiated and network selection is performed, considering the velocity of the vehicle, network characteristic criteria such as throughput, delay, jitter and packet loss, as well as provider policy criteria such as service reliability, security and price. The proposed scheme uses linguistic values for VHO criteria attributes represented by Interval Valued Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers (IVPFNs) to express the information using membership intervals. The VHO scheme is applied to a 5G-VCC system which includes 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and IEEE 802.16 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) Macrocells and Femtocells, as well as IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment (WAVE) Road Side Units (RSUs). Performance evaluation shows that the suggested method ensures the Always Best Connection (ABC) principle, while at the same time outperforms existing VHO management schemes.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Next Generation Wireless NetworksUniversity of Piraeus
The Fifth Generation (5G) networks, including the 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) systems, have evolved rapidly offering multiple services to users. The operating principles of vehicular networks, Cloud Computing (CC), Fog Computing (FC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) are applied to 5G infrastructures. In a 5G-VCC system, the vehicles are equipped with On-Board Units (OBUs) which communicate with each other as well as with Road Side Units (RSUs). Each RSU interacts with a Cloud infrastructure which offers vehicular services with strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, including Driver Assistance (DA), Passengers Entertainment and Information (PEnI) and Medical (MED) services. Dense deployments of 5G access networks are also implemented, called Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs), aiming to support high data rates produced by an increased number of vehicular users. In this environment, heterogeneous technologies are used to transfer the network services to vehicles. Optimal manipulation of the communication resources is required, while at the same time vehicular users should always obtain connectivity to the most appropriate network access technology, in order the constraints of the vehicular services to be satisfied. In this thesis, existing schemes for resource allocation as well as for mobility management are studied, while novel solutions are proposed for each topic.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Next Generation Wireless Networks (P...University of Piraeus
The Fifth Generation (5G) networks, including the 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) systems, have evolved rapidly offering multiple services to users. The operating principles of vehicular networks, Cloud Computing (CC), Fog Computing (FC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) are applied to 5G infrastructures. In a 5G-VCC system, the vehicles are equipped with On-Board Units (OBUs) which communicate with each other as well as with Road Side Units (RSUs). Each RSU interacts with a Cloud infrastructure which offers vehicular services with strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, including Driver Assistance (DA), Passengers Entertainment and Information (PEnI) and Medical (MED) services. Dense deployments of 5G access networks are also implemented, called Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs), aiming to support high data rates produced by an increased number of vehicular users. In this environment, heterogeneous technologies are used to transfer the network services to vehicles. Optimal manipulation of the communication resources is required, while at the same time vehicular users should always obtain connectivity to the most appropriate network access technology, in order the constraints of the vehicular services to be satisfied. In this thesis, existing schemes for resource allocation as well as for mobility management are studied, while novel solutions are proposed for each topic.
Personalized Real-Time Virtual Tours in Places with Cultural InterestUniversity of Piraeus
Virtual tours using drones enhance the experience the users perceive from a place with cultural interest. Drones equipped with 360o cameras perform real-time video streaming of the cultural sites. The user preferences about each monument type should be considered in order the appropriate flying route for the drone to be selected. This paper describes a scheme for supporting personalized real-time virtual tours in sites with cultural interest using drones. The user preferences are modeled using the MPEG-21 and the MPEG-7 standards, while Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies are used for the description of the metadata structure and semantics. The Metadata-aware Analytic Network Process (MANP) algorithm is proposed in order the weights about the user preferences for each monument type to be estimated. Subsequently, the Trapezoidal Fuzzy Topsis for Heritage Route Selection (TFT-HRS) algorithm accomplishes ranks the candidate heritage routes. Finally, after each virtual tour, the user preferences metadata are updated in order the scheme to continuously learn about the user preferences.
The Convergence of Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT) and Building Informat...University of Piraeus
The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry has not embraced digital transformation with the same enthusiasm as other industries (e.g. such as manufacture industry). Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a revolutionary technology that is characterized as the opportunity of the AEC industry to move to the digital era and improve the collaboration amongst the partners of this industry by exploiting Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). BIM provides all the necessary tools and automations to achieve end-to-end communication, data exchange and information sharing between project actors. Thus, the virtual 3D models generated in the context of engaging in the BIM process and as-delivered physical assets through Building Management Systems (BMS) could adopt Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and services. However, the orchestration of IoT in a highly modular environment with many moving parts and inter-dependencies between the stakeholders of this environment, lead to many security issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a system architecture that employs the Blockchain technology as a measure to secure and control the BIM technology coupled with IoT. The system architecture under scrutiny is considering the case of a museum building, where efficient security, management and monitoring are of great importance.
The convergence of blockchain, internet of things (io t) and building informa...University of Piraeus
The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry has not embraced digital transformation with the same enthusiasm as other industries (e.g. such as manufacture industry). Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a revolutionary technology that is characterized as the opportunity of the AEC industry to move to the digital era and improve the collaboration amongst the partners of this industry by exploiting Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). BIM provides all the necessary tools and automations to achieve end-to-end communication, data exchange and information sharing between project actors. Thus, the virtual 3D models generated in the context of engaging in the BIM process and as-delivered physical assets through Building Management Systems (BMS) could adopt Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and services. However, the orchestration of IoT in a highly modular environment with many moving parts and inter-dependencies between the stakeholders of this environment, lead to many security issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a system architecture that employs the Blockchain technology as a measure to secure and control the BIM technology coupled with IoT. The system architecture under scrutiny is considering the case of a museum building, where efficient security, management and monitoring are of great importance.
The revival of back-filled monuments through Augmented Reality (AR) (presenta...University of Piraeus
The development of three-dimensional (3D) models and the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of cultural heritage consists an innovative process the recent years that provides the visitors of archaeological sites with additional information. This has been made possible due to achievements in digital technologies, communications, devices and developments in software engineering. Nevertheless, the research to fully make use of these new methods continues, as the potentials of new technologies have not been exploited. In archaeological sites, the production of 3D models for AR is focused on the virtual reconstruction of ruined monuments at their original form, aiming to give visitors the third dimension (height, volume etc.), especially to those who do not have special knowledge of archaeology. This paper describes an innovative approach of using AR for maintaining the memory and the information of monuments, as they have been originally excavated, but that are going to be back -filled due to the particularity of their material or their location. Also, the system architecture of the proposed scheme is described considering two study cases, a Neolithic settlement in the archaeological site of Halai, Lokris and the remains of a Classical Temple on open field of a hill in Thebes, Boeotia. Both mentioned monuments are under the direction of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens (ASCSA).
An analytic network process and trapezoidal interval-valued fuzzy technique f...University of Piraeus
Next generation wireless networks consist of many heterogeneous access technologies that should support various service types with different quality of service (QoS) constraints, as well as user, requirements and provider policies. Therefore, the need for network selection mechanisms that consider multiple factors must be addressed. In this paper, a network selection method is proposed by applying the analytic network process to estimate the weights of the selection criteria, as well as a fuzzy version of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to perform the ranking of network alternatives. The method is applied to a heterogeneous network environment providing different QoS classes and policy characteristics. Each user applies the method to select the most appropriate network, which satisfies his or her requirements in respect of his or her service-level agreement (SLA). Performance evaluation shows that when the user requests only one service, the proposed method performs better compared to the original technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, as well as the Fuzzy AHP-ELECTRE method. Moreover, the proposed method can be applied in cases where a user requires multiple services simultaneously on a device. The sensitivity analysis of the proposed method shows that it can be properly adjusted to conform to network environment changes.
A Personalized Audio Web Service using MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards (presenta...University of Piraeus
This paper presents a web service which delivers personalized audio information. The personalization process is automated and decentralized. The metadata which support personalization are separated in two categories: the metadata describing user preferences stored at each user and the resource adaptation metadata stored at the web service host. The multimedia models MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 are used to describe metadata information and the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to produce and manipulate ontological descriptions. SPARQL is used for querying the OWL ontologies. The MPEG Query Format (MPQF) is also used, providing a wellknown framework for applying queries to the metadata and to the ontologies.
A Personalized Audio Server using MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards (presentation)University of Piraeus
This paper presents a semantic model which delivers personalized audio information. The personalization process is automated and decentralized. The metadata which support personalization are separated in two categories: the metadata describing user preferences stored at each user and the resource adaptation metadata stored at the server. The multimedia models MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 are used to describe metadata information. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) language is used to produce and manipulate the relative ontological descriptions.
A downlink scheduler supporting real time services in LTE cellular networks (...University of Piraeus
The wide spread of real-time services in wireless networks demands scheduling mechanisms supporting strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Nevertheless, the specifications of the LTE standard for mobile connectivity defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) does not impose any specific scheduler for the proper allocation of resources to services. Therefore, several LTE schedulers have been proposed in the literature meeting the QoS requirements of modern services. In this paper a QoS aware scheduler for the LTE downlink is proposed namely the FLS-Advanced (FLSA) aiming at prioritizing real-time traffic. The proposed scheduler has been built on three distinct levels assigning the available radio resources to services according to their requirements. Based on simulation results, the FLSA outperforms in terms of packet loss ratio, attainable throughput and fairness the performance of existing schedulers including PF, MLWDF, EXP/PF, FLS, EXP RULE and LOG RULE.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
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5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
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A Distributed Audio Personalization Framework over Android
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A Distributed Audio Personalization Framework over Android
Emmanouil Skondras1
, Vasileios Triantafyllou2
Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business
10434 Athens, Greece
e-mail: manolisskondras@yahoo.gr1
, btriantafgr@hotmail.com2
ABSTRACT
This paper presents an audio personalization framework for mobile devices. The multimedia
models MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 are used to describe metadata information. The metadata
which support personalization are stored into each device. The Web Ontology Language
(OWL) language is used to produce and manipulate the relative ontological descriptions. The
process is distributed according to the MapReduce framework and implemented over the
Android platform. It determines a hierarchical system structure consisted of Master and
Worker devices. The Master retrieves a list of audio tracks matching specific criteria using
SPARQL queries.
Key words: Android, MapReduce, MPEG-7, MPEG-21, OWL, SPARQL, Persona-
lization, Distributed architectures
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the volume of multimedia data is increasing rapidly. Also network
infrastructures enable information repositories to be accessed from a large variety of
devices. The delivery of multimedia services is a common task. However more users
tend to require information retrieval services which include high quality features such
as semantic description and personalization of information. In this paper a prototype
application that uses SPARQL queries to deliver audio information to mobile users is
described.
The personalization process is distributed according to the MapReduce framework
and implemented over the Android mobile platform. It determines a hierarchical
system structure consisted of Master and Worker devices. The Master interacts with
the Workers and retrieves a list of audio tracks matching specific criteria using
SPARQL queries. The MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 models are used for the description of
audio content. The metadata information is managed using the appropriate Web
Ontology Language (OWL) ontology. Each Worker contains audio resources and
resource adaptation metadata, minimizing thus the central storage requirements. Each
device can implement the master-side as well as the worker-side.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. First the related research
literature as well as an overview of the standards followed in this study are presented.
Then the software architecture that supports the prototype application and the relative
software elements and modules are described. A case study of our work is also
presented. Finally, the proposed framework is concluded and possible future
extensions and plans are referred.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Related Work
The rapid increase in multimedia content has challenged the academic and industrial
communities into the development of multimedia tools enhanced with personalization
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and adaptation capabilities. Mobile devices (such as mobile phones, smart phones and
PDAs) have become increasingly powerful. Also distributed approaches provide
flexibility and parallelization in the personalization process. Consequently, some
related works are presented.
In the work described in [1], the authors propose a personalization process that
customizes rich multimedia documents to the needs of an individual reader.
Multimedia documents, such as textbooks, reference materials and leisure materials,
inherently use techniques that make them accessible for people with disabilities, who
are incapable of using printed materials. The authors address issues of establishing
user personalization profiles, as well as adapting and customizing content, interaction
and navigation. Customization of interaction and navigation leads to different user
interfaces, as well as different structural content presentation. Customization of
content includes insertion of a summary, synchronization of sign language video with
highlighting of text, self-voicing capability, alternative support for screen readers, or
reorganization of layout to accommodate large fonts.
The work described in [2] presents the implementation of a personalized learning
model in distributed learning environments based on Semantic Web technologies. The
authors propose a service based architecture for establishing personalized e-Learning
process. The functionality is provided by various web-services. A Personal Learning
Assistant integrates personalization services and other supplementary services and
provides personalized access to learning resources in an e-Learning network.
The work described in [3] examines a metadata based approach, supporting the
personalization process for knowledge workers who interact with distributed
information objects. An architecture supporting the personalization process is
described, along with a prototype personalization environment. Its metadata are
decentralized, in terms that the information is stored locally on each client. The
authors discuss the advantages, as well as the challenges of the suggested approach.
Finally, [4] presents how the interest of a user in TV programs can be predicted
from his zapping behavior. It also presents how a user’s social network can be used to
realize a distributed recommendation of TV programs. A user interface for a
personalized peer to peer television system that encompasses personalized navigation
to available distributed content is demonstrated.
Materials
This section makes an overview of the standards and the technologies used for the
development of the application prototype. These standards include MPEG-7 [5],
MPEG-21 [6], OWL [7], MapReduce [8] and SPARQL [9]. Also, the proposed
framework is implemented over the Android [10] platform.
MPEG-7 is a standard developed from Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) for
the description of multimedia information. The standard provides a framework for the
description of multimedia content encoded in any existing scheme such as MPEG1,
MPEG2, and MPEG4. Metadata are stored in XML allowing efficient indexing,
searching and filtering of multimedia data. MPEG-7 defines the following elements:
Description tools, which include Descriptors (D) and Description Schemes (DS).
Descriptors define the syntax and the semantics of metadata elements. Description
Schemes contain Descriptions, other Description Schemes as well as relationships
between them.
A Description Definition Language (DDL), which is used for defining the syntax of
Description Tools and creating new or extending existing Description Schemes.
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System tools which provide mechanisms for multiplexing descriptors and
synchronizing descriptions with content.
defining an open framework for multimedia applications
The MPEG-21 standard defines a framework for effectively managing multimedia
resources. MPEG-21 uses the architectural concept of the Digital Item. A Digital Item
is a combination of resources (such as videos, audio tracks, images), metadata (such
as descriptors, identifiers), and structures describing the relationships between
resources. Digital Items are declared using the Digital Item Declaration Language
(DIDL). MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) architecture and the MPEG-7
Multimedia Description Schemes (MDS) for content and service personalization
provide a Usage Environment which models user preferences. The Usage
Environment Description of the DIA framework contains the following attributes:
The User Characteristics, which specify user features, including:
-The User Info, where user information is stored.
-The User Preferences, describing the user browsing, filtering and search
preferences.
-The Usage History, where the history of user interaction with digital items is
presented.
-The Presentation Preferences, which describe user preferences concerning the
means of presentation of multimedia information.
-The Accessibility Characteristics, responsible for content adaptation concerning
users with auditory or visual impairments.
The Terminal Capabilities, which describe the technical characteristics of user
devices.
The Natural Environment Characteristics, providing information about the
location and time of a user in a particular environment, as well as audio-visual
characteristics which may include noise levels and illumination properties of the
natural environment.
The Network Characteristics, which specify the network characteristics
parameters including bandwidth utilization, packet delay and packet loss.
The RDF Schema (RDFS) [11] provides structures for knowledge representation. It
deals with the organization of ontological hierarchies such as classes, relationships
and properties. However complex structures or restrictions such as the scope of
properties or the cardinality of attributes cannot be supported in RDFS. The need of a
more powerful ontology language leads us to the Web Ontology Language (OWL).
OWL is a family of knowledge representation languages used for composing
ontologies. It is considered as an extension of the RDFS and its specifications have
been authorized by the World Wide Web Consortium. Ontologies are described in owl
documents by defining classes, properties and individuals. Classes are collection of
concepts, attributes are properties of classes and individuals represent the objects of a
particular class. Three OWL sublanguages are defined (OWL Lite, OWL DL and
OWL Full). OWL Lite defines class hierarchies with simple constraints. For example,
it allows only 0 and 1 cardinality values. OWL Lite has lower complexity than OWL
DL. OWL DL and OWL Full use the same language vocabulary. However OWL Full
does not impose any syntactic restrictions. It does not require separation of classes,
properties and individuals and allows RDF structures to be mixed with OWL syntax.
As a result an RDF document is a valid OWL Full document while it is not a valid
OWL Lite or DL document.
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SPARQL is an SQL-like language developed for issuing queries to RDF and OWL
repositories. Queries are expressed in triple patterns similar to RDF whereas RDF
subjects, predicates and objects could be variables. Additional language features
include conjunctive or disjunctive patterns as well as value filters. SPARQL
components are described in three specifications. The query language specification
[12] presents the SPARQL language structures. The query results XML specification
[13], defines the format of the results returned from SPARQL queries as XML
documents. The SARQL protocol [14] defines the framework for sending queries
from clients to remote server using HTTP or SOAP messages.
MapReduce is a framework for producing and executing parallelized software. It
has a lot of applications in a large variety of issues which require distributed
computations. It consisted of a “Map” and a “Reduce” function. The “Map” function
solves a part of the problem. Then, the “Reduce” function merges the individual
results and extracts the entire result. Finally, Android is a Linux based mobile
platform, which is used as operating system for cellphones, netbooks and tablets.
Methods
This section presents system’s architecture which is distributed in respect to the
MapReduce framework. Audio metadata as well as the OWL ontology are created and
stored locally at each device. This distribution of computational load and
personalization data improves framework’s scalability.
Each device contains its audio tracks and the respective metadata using MPEG-7 in
an MPEG-21 structure. The audio tracks are separated in sixteen music categories
(such as pop, classical, dance, electronic etc.). Audio metadata include user defined
metadata (such as artist, producer, production year and category) and technical
oriented metadata (such as bitrate, sample rate, track duration, audio channels, audio
format and file size). Also usage history metadata (track’s popularity in respect to all
tracks and track’s popularity in its category and recommended similar tracks) are
contained. Table 1 presents a sample of the audio metadata structure.
Table 1. Sample of the audio metadata structure
<mpeg21:DIDL xmlns:mpeg21="urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:02-mpeg21-NS" xmlns:mpeg7="http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG7/2000">
<mpeg21:Container>
<mpeg21:Item>
<mpeg21:Descriptor>
<mpeg21:Statement mpeg7:mimeType="text/plain">Metadata about audio track.</mpeg21:Statement>
</mpeg21:Descriptor>
<mpeg21:Component>
<mpeg21:Resource mpeg7:mimeType="application/xml">
<mpeg7:Mpeg7>
<mpeg7:CreationPreferences>
<mpeg7:Title mpeg7:preferenceValue="47" xml:lang=“en”>SoloGuitar.mp3</mpeg7:Title>
</mpeg7:CreationPreferences>
<mpeg7:CreationInformation>
<mpeg7:Creation>
<mpeg7:Creator>
<mpeg7:Role
mpeg7:href=“urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:RoleCS:2001:AUTHOR” />
<mpeg7:Agent xsi:type=“PersonType”>
<mpeg7:Name>
<mpeg7:GivenName>Nick</mpeg7:GivenName>
<mpeg7:FamilyName>Smith</mpeg7:FamilyName>
</mpeg7:Name>
</mpeg7:Agent>
</mpeg7:Creator>
<mpeg7:Creator>
<mpeg7:Role
mpeg7:href=“urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:RoleCS:2001:Publisher"/>
<mpeg7:Agent xsi:type=“PersonType”>
<mpeg7:Name>
<mpeg7:GivenName>John</mpeg7:GivenName>
<mpeg7:FamilyName>Smith</mpeg7:FamilyName>
</mpeg7:Name>
</mpeg7:Agent>
</mpeg7:Creator>
<mpeg7:Abstract>
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<mpeg7:FreeTextAnnotation>Excellent !!!
</mpeg7:FreeTextAnnotation>
<mpeg7:StructuredAnnotation>
<mpeg7:What><mpeg7:Name>Music Track</mpeg7:Name>
</mpeg7:What>
</mpeg7:StructuredAnnotation>
</mpeg7:Abstract>
<mpeg7:CreationCoordinates>
<mpeg7:CreationDate>
<mpeg7:TimePoint>2010-05-11</mpeg7:TimePoint>
<mpeg7:Duration>P7D</mpeg7:Duration>
</mpeg7:CreationDate>
</mpeg7:CreationCoordinates>
</mpeg7:Creation>
</mpeg7:CreationInformation>
<mpeg7:ClassificationPreferences>
<mpeg7:Genre mpeg7:preferenceValue="75"
mpeg7:href=“urn:mpeg:ContentCS:1”>
<mpeg7:Name xml:lang=“en”>Rock</mpeg7:Name>
</mpeg7:Genre>
</mpeg7:ClassificationPreferences>
<mpeg7:MediaLocator>
<mpeg7:MediaUri>data/tracks/ SoloGuitar.mp3</mpeg7:MediaUri>
</mpeg7:MediaLocator>
<mpeg7:MediaTime>
<mpeg7:MediaTimePoint>T00:00:00F100</mpeg7:MediaTimePoint>
<mpeg7:MediaDuration>T00:13:07F100</mpeg7:MediaDuration>
</mpeg7:MediaTime>
<mpeg7:MediaFormat>
<mpeg7:Content mpeg7:href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:ContentCS:2001:2">
<mpeg7:Name xml:lang="en">audio</mpeg7:Name>
</mpeg7:Content>
<mpeg7:Medium
mpeg7:href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:MediumCS:2001:2.1.1 ">
<mpeg7:Name xml:lang="en">HD</mpeg7:Name>
</mpeg7:Medium>
<mpeg7:FileFormat
mpeg7:href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:FileFormatCS:2001:3">
<mpeg7:Name xml:lang="en">MP3</mpeg7:Name>
</mpeg7:FileFormat>
<mpeg7:FileSize>787082</mpeg7:FileSize>
<mpeg7:BitRate mpeg7:minimum="N/A" mpeg7:average="8000"
mpeg7:maximum="N/A"></mpeg7:BitRate>
<mpeg7:AudioCoding>
<mpeg7:Format
mpeg7:href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:AudioCodingFormatCS:2001:1">
<mpeg7:Name xml:lang="en">MP3</mpeg7:Name>
</mpeg7:Format>
<mpeg7:AudioChannels mpeg7:track="2"></mpeg7:AudioChannels>
<mpeg7:Sample mpeg7:rate="22050" mpeg7:bitPer="0">
</mpeg7:Sample>
</mpeg7:AudioCoding>
</mpeg7:MediaFormat>
</mpeg7:Mpeg7>
</mpeg21:Resource>
</mpeg21:Component>
</mpeg21:Item>
</mpeg21:Container>
</mpeg21:DIDL>
A suitable OWL ontology for metadata manipulation has been created (Figure 1)
and stored in each device. It describes the structure and the semantics of the audio
metadata providing thus flexibility to the proposed framework.
Figure 1. The OWL ontology about audio metadata
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When a device requests a specific list of audio tracks using a SPARQL query, it
becomes the Master and the other devices become the Workers. Each Worker receives
the request, executes the Map function and extracts its relative local audio list. Then
the Master receives the individual Workers’ audio lists, executes the Reduce function
and extracts the entire audio list. Figure 2 presents the distribution of our system.
Figure 2. System’s distribution
Table 2 presents the MapReduce functions’ models. Map’s arguments are the
Master’s SPARQL query and the Worker’s audio metadata. Additionally it returns the
relative Worker’s audio list. On the other hand, Reduce’s arguments are the number of
the Workers and the relative audio lists. Consequently it returns the entire audio list
according to the SPARQL query.
Table 2. The MapReduce functions
workerAudioList[] Map( SPARQLquery, localAudioMetadata)
Map(k1, v1) → list(k2, v2)
k1 = SPARQLquery
v1 = localAudioMetadata
k2 = workerIdentifier[]
v2 = workerTop10[]
entireAudioList[] Reduce(numberOfWorkers, workersTop10s[])
Reduce(k2, list(v2)) → list(v3)
k2 = numberOfWorkers[]
list(v2) = workersTop10s[]
list(v3) = summarizedTop10[]
Figure 3 illustrates the design of Map function. The Master can also listen to an
audio track that contained in a Worker. It results to an update of the Worker’s usage
history metadata about the relative audio track. System’s modules are developed using
the Java Android API [15].
Figure 3. The Map function
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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this section an example of framework’s functionality is presented. Three Android
virtual devices are emulated. One emulator instance runs as Master and the other two
as Workers. The Master composes a SPARQL query and sends the relative request.
Table 3 presents an example SPARQL query. It retrieves a catalog consisted of the
audio files contained to the Workers according to the arguments of the “FILTER”
statement, in respect of the methods presented in the previous section. The results are
ordered in descending sequence according to their popularity.
Table 3. An example SPARQL query
PREFIX mpeg7: < http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG7/2000>
SELECT ?Title
WHERE { ?x mpeg7:title ?title .
FILTER (?Genre=Pop || ?Genre=Rock
&& ?Publisher=PublisherName
&& ?CreationDate>=2004-01-01
&& ?MediaDuration>30
&& ?Format=MP3 || ?Format=WAV
&& ?FileSize<20000
&& ?BitRate>=44000)
}ORDER BY DESC(?preferenceValue)
Each Worker receives the Master’s request, runs the Map function and returns its
relative local audio top-10. The metadata blocks that contribute in this step are
presented in Figure 4.
Figure 4. The relative metadata blocks
Figure 5. SPARQL query execution and entire top-10 extraction
Consequently, the Master receives the Workers’ top-10s, runs the Reduce function
and extracts the entire top-10. Master’s user interface appears a list with the entire
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top-10 as well as the appropriate components for requesting and listening to audio
files. Then the user selects an audio track from the entire top-10 and retrieves it from
the relative Worker. Figure 5 presents a SPARQL execution example as well as the
relative top-10’s extraction.
CONCLUSION
The proposed framework is implemented over the Android platform. It relies on
MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 standards to achieve personalization. MPEG-21 DIDL and
DIA are used handling Digital Items declaration and user preferences, respectively.
Moreover, the appropriate OWL ontology is used for managing the metadata.
MapReduce is applied, enhancing the distributed architecture. Each device organizes
its own metadata locally, decreasing thus the network’s load.
Future work contains the implementation of an energy aware protocol for query
routing. Also the proposed framework will be extended with the MPEG Query Format
(MPQF), enabling the capability of more advanced queries’ execution.
References
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[3] David L. Hicks, Klaus Tochtermann, “Personalizing Information Spaces: A
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[4] Jun Wang, Johan Pouwelse, Jenneke Fokker, Arjen P. de Vries and Marcel J. T.
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[5] MPEG-7, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio,
http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm
[6] MPEG-21, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio,
http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-21/mpeg-21.htm
[7] Web Ontology Language, World Wide Web Consortium, http://
www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/
[8] Jeffrey Dean, Sanjay Chemawat, “MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on
Large Clusters”, OSDI'04: Sixth Symposium on Operating System Design and
Implementation, San Francisco, CA, December, 2004
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e-Περιοδικό Επιστήμης & Τεχνολογίας
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[9] Jun Zhai, Kaitao Zhou, “Semantic Retrieval for Sports Information Based on
Ontology and SPARQL”, ISME 2010: International Conference of Information
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[10] Android, http://www.android.com/
[11] RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema, W3C
Recommendation, 10 February 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/
[12] SPARQL Query Language for RDF, W3C Recommendation, 15 January 2008,
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/
[13] SPARQL Query Results XML Format, W3C Recommendation, 15 January 2008,
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-XMLres/
[14] SPARQL Protocol for RDF, W3C Working Draft, 14 January 2005,
ftp://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-rdf-sparql-protocol-20050114/
[15] Java Android API: http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html