A detailed view of ENT Equipements with thier uses.pptx
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This document describes various medical equipment used in ear, nose, throat and oral examinations and procedures. It discusses otoscopes which are used to examine the ear canal and eardrum, and different types of tracheostomy tubes used to assist breathing in situations like prolonged ventilation, airway blockage, or difficulty coughing. It also outlines nasal speculums and tongue depressors used to examine the nose and mouth, as well as laryngeal mirrors, tuning forks, mouth gags, adenoid curettes, and laryngoscopes which are tools used in procedures like tonsillectomy and examining the larynx.
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6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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