This paper represents the design and analysis of the Microstrip wideband integrated low noise amplifier
Bandpass filter for the frequency range of 0.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz. This frequency range is chosen for the
design as most of the wireless applications work in this frequency range. The paper uses the compact
design structure for designing the wideband filter from ref [5]. The filter has good performance in pass
band as well as in stopband of the filter. The filter has the compact size and higher selectivity of 0.923 and
the input return loss below 10 dB and the output return loss less than 10 dB for the whole frequency range.
The integrated low noise amplifier is from the analog devices ADL5544 which has the gain of 15 dB at
0.8GHz and the gain roll of 2 dB in the whole frequency band of the filter. The filter hardware is fabricated
and tested with the network analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz model no ZVH8 which can measure from 100
KHz to 8 GHz. The simulated and the measured results are in good agreement with each other.
Design of Microstrip UWB Bandpass Filter using open-circuited resonatorsIJERD Editor
A compact band pass filter with a fractional bandwidth of 59% is designed for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications using a microstrip structure consisting of open circuit resonators. Transmission zeros are utilized at the passband edges to enhance the signal selectivity. The filter is characterized by sharp roll-off characteristics due to the presence of transmission zeros. The insertion loss and return loss are found to be 0.1dB and -15dB respectively. This filter has a measured 3-dB passband of (3 to 5.5) GHz, with a compact size of (13.2 x 9.7) mm. The filter offers desirable performance for the lower-band frequency of a UWB system and exhibits low insertion loss. As the structure comprises of only transmission line sections and no coupling gap, the filter is made easy for fabrication. This UWB BPF is useful to alleviate the strong WLAN signals interference to UWB receivers. To illustrate the concept, band pass filter was designed using Agilent® ADS software and simulated results are obtained.
Design of a Microstrip Ultrawide Band Bandpass Filter using Short Stub LoadedIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of an ultrawideband bandpass filter using a microstrip structure with short stubs. It proposes a compact filter design with a passband from 3.1-10.8 GHz. The center frequency is resonated using coupled line sections, and transmission zeros are created using quarter wavelength short stubs. Simulation results show the filter has insertion loss lower than 0.2 dB and return loss smaller than 20 dB. The locations of the transmission zeros can be adjusted by varying the stub lengths.
Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presented the design of integrated open loop resonator bandpass filter with notch type antenna for the use in microwave applications. Chebyshev type filter is selected as the filter characteristics and cascaded design with the antenna to produce a single module, Integrated Filter Antenna (IFA). Special feature of the antenna is the implementation of notch on the patch antenna to improve the efficiency. IFA is then simulated in electromagnetic simulation tool, Agilent Advance Design System (ADS) version 2016 and measured using R&S Vector Network Analyzer. It shows that the proposed IFA produced good measured return loss >-30dB with both vertical and horizontal gain of 9.11dBi and 8.01dBi respectively.
Coupled Line Band Pass Filter with Defected Ground Structure for Wide Band Ap...IJERA Editor
In this paper a novel wideband microstrip band pass filter is proposed. The band pass filter is designed with coupling between two L-shaped microstriplines and is terminated with a high impedance line. The three circle shapes are etched out at the ground plane and is called defected ground structure (DGS), which provides better return loss as well as it reduces harmonics. Simulated and measured results both are in true agreement with each other. Results show that the defected microstrip filter has a good performance, including a wide pass band of 3.0 GHz to 5.6 GHz at 3dB cut off frequencies with bandwidth of 2.6 GHz, and a small insertion loss. The return loss is found to be higher than 15 dB.
Novel Approach Of Microstriptri-Band Bandpass Filter for GSM, Wimax And UWB A...jmicro
In this paper, a novel approach of miniature tri-band microstrip bandpass filter is design for the application
of GSM(1.8GHz),WiMAX(3.4GHz) and UWB(6.5-8.1GHz) using Asymmetric SIRs and DGS to achieved the
basic characteristic of microstrip filter such as low insertion loss, high selectivity, wider range of bandwidth,
low group delay. The novel filter is design intentionally selecting the impedance ration(R) and length of the
microstrip of the asymmetric SIRs and DGS is used to improve the coupling strength of the desired band. The
measurement entities of the novel filter for GSM (1.8GHz), WiMAX (3.4GHz), and UWB (6.5-8.1GHz) are
insertion losses (S21) are -0.07dB/-0.21dB/-0.12dB,and return losses (S11) are -31dB/15dB/30dB respectively.
The response of the filter was simulated using An soft HFSS Simulator.
Design of an Interdigital Structure Planar Bandpass Filter for UWB Frequency IJECEIAES
A new topology of miniaturized interdigital structuremicrostrip planar bandpass filter for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequency has been discussed in this paper. The proposed design and its simulation have been carried out by using an electromagnetic simulation software named CST microwave studio. The Taconic TLX-8 microwave substrate has been used in this research. The experimental result and analysis have been performed by using the microwave vector network analyzer. The experimental result showed that the -10dB bandwidth of the filter is 7.5GHz. The lower and upper corner frequencies of the filter have been achieved at 3.1GHz and 10.6GHz respectively. At the center frequency of 6.85GHz, the -1dB insertion loss and the -7dB return losshave been observed. The simulated and experimental results are well agreed with a compact size filter of 19×21×0.5mm 3 .
A Compact UWB BPF with a Notch Band using Rectangular Resonator Sandwiched be...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a compact design of an ultra wide band bandpass filters with a notch band using interdigital structure. The aim of the design is to reduce the size of filter, reduce the complexity of the design, and improve the performance of filter response. The proposed filter comprises of a rectangular resonator sandwiched between Interdigital structures, with rectangular slot as defected microstrip structure at the input and output ports. This design has been used for the first time to achieve the above aim. The advantage with this design is that, it does not use any via or defected ground structure. The insertion loss of proposed filter, in passband between 3.1 GHz to 10.8 GHz, is less than 0.7dB, and for the notched band it is 21.5 dB centred at 7.9 GHz. The proposed filter is fabricated, tested and compared with simulated results. The proposed design was small in size with less complexity, and shows performance better than the other designs available in the literatures at this dimension.
Design of 12-14.1 GHz Bandpass Filter with Stub LoadedIJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of 12-14.1GHz microstrip multi-mode bandpass
filter. The fabricated microstrip bandpass filter has a compact size of 15.785mm×5mm and good filtering
characteristics. In the frequency range of 12-14.1GHz, the insertion loss varies between 1.565dB and 2.051dB
with about 0.5dB ripple. The measured results show excellent out-of-band rejection above 40dB in 0.02-10GHz,
but much poorer rejection performance in upper stopband due to the existence of spurious passband. To solve
the problem, a DC-14.1GHz LC low pass filter is supplemented after the microstrip bandpass filter.
Design of Microstrip UWB Bandpass Filter using open-circuited resonatorsIJERD Editor
A compact band pass filter with a fractional bandwidth of 59% is designed for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications using a microstrip structure consisting of open circuit resonators. Transmission zeros are utilized at the passband edges to enhance the signal selectivity. The filter is characterized by sharp roll-off characteristics due to the presence of transmission zeros. The insertion loss and return loss are found to be 0.1dB and -15dB respectively. This filter has a measured 3-dB passband of (3 to 5.5) GHz, with a compact size of (13.2 x 9.7) mm. The filter offers desirable performance for the lower-band frequency of a UWB system and exhibits low insertion loss. As the structure comprises of only transmission line sections and no coupling gap, the filter is made easy for fabrication. This UWB BPF is useful to alleviate the strong WLAN signals interference to UWB receivers. To illustrate the concept, band pass filter was designed using Agilent® ADS software and simulated results are obtained.
Design of a Microstrip Ultrawide Band Bandpass Filter using Short Stub LoadedIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of an ultrawideband bandpass filter using a microstrip structure with short stubs. It proposes a compact filter design with a passband from 3.1-10.8 GHz. The center frequency is resonated using coupled line sections, and transmission zeros are created using quarter wavelength short stubs. Simulation results show the filter has insertion loss lower than 0.2 dB and return loss smaller than 20 dB. The locations of the transmission zeros can be adjusted by varying the stub lengths.
Integrated Open Loop Resonator Filter Designed with Notch Patch Antenna for M...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presented the design of integrated open loop resonator bandpass filter with notch type antenna for the use in microwave applications. Chebyshev type filter is selected as the filter characteristics and cascaded design with the antenna to produce a single module, Integrated Filter Antenna (IFA). Special feature of the antenna is the implementation of notch on the patch antenna to improve the efficiency. IFA is then simulated in electromagnetic simulation tool, Agilent Advance Design System (ADS) version 2016 and measured using R&S Vector Network Analyzer. It shows that the proposed IFA produced good measured return loss >-30dB with both vertical and horizontal gain of 9.11dBi and 8.01dBi respectively.
Coupled Line Band Pass Filter with Defected Ground Structure for Wide Band Ap...IJERA Editor
In this paper a novel wideband microstrip band pass filter is proposed. The band pass filter is designed with coupling between two L-shaped microstriplines and is terminated with a high impedance line. The three circle shapes are etched out at the ground plane and is called defected ground structure (DGS), which provides better return loss as well as it reduces harmonics. Simulated and measured results both are in true agreement with each other. Results show that the defected microstrip filter has a good performance, including a wide pass band of 3.0 GHz to 5.6 GHz at 3dB cut off frequencies with bandwidth of 2.6 GHz, and a small insertion loss. The return loss is found to be higher than 15 dB.
Novel Approach Of Microstriptri-Band Bandpass Filter for GSM, Wimax And UWB A...jmicro
In this paper, a novel approach of miniature tri-band microstrip bandpass filter is design for the application
of GSM(1.8GHz),WiMAX(3.4GHz) and UWB(6.5-8.1GHz) using Asymmetric SIRs and DGS to achieved the
basic characteristic of microstrip filter such as low insertion loss, high selectivity, wider range of bandwidth,
low group delay. The novel filter is design intentionally selecting the impedance ration(R) and length of the
microstrip of the asymmetric SIRs and DGS is used to improve the coupling strength of the desired band. The
measurement entities of the novel filter for GSM (1.8GHz), WiMAX (3.4GHz), and UWB (6.5-8.1GHz) are
insertion losses (S21) are -0.07dB/-0.21dB/-0.12dB,and return losses (S11) are -31dB/15dB/30dB respectively.
The response of the filter was simulated using An soft HFSS Simulator.
Design of an Interdigital Structure Planar Bandpass Filter for UWB Frequency IJECEIAES
A new topology of miniaturized interdigital structuremicrostrip planar bandpass filter for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequency has been discussed in this paper. The proposed design and its simulation have been carried out by using an electromagnetic simulation software named CST microwave studio. The Taconic TLX-8 microwave substrate has been used in this research. The experimental result and analysis have been performed by using the microwave vector network analyzer. The experimental result showed that the -10dB bandwidth of the filter is 7.5GHz. The lower and upper corner frequencies of the filter have been achieved at 3.1GHz and 10.6GHz respectively. At the center frequency of 6.85GHz, the -1dB insertion loss and the -7dB return losshave been observed. The simulated and experimental results are well agreed with a compact size filter of 19×21×0.5mm 3 .
A Compact UWB BPF with a Notch Band using Rectangular Resonator Sandwiched be...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a compact design of an ultra wide band bandpass filters with a notch band using interdigital structure. The aim of the design is to reduce the size of filter, reduce the complexity of the design, and improve the performance of filter response. The proposed filter comprises of a rectangular resonator sandwiched between Interdigital structures, with rectangular slot as defected microstrip structure at the input and output ports. This design has been used for the first time to achieve the above aim. The advantage with this design is that, it does not use any via or defected ground structure. The insertion loss of proposed filter, in passband between 3.1 GHz to 10.8 GHz, is less than 0.7dB, and for the notched band it is 21.5 dB centred at 7.9 GHz. The proposed filter is fabricated, tested and compared with simulated results. The proposed design was small in size with less complexity, and shows performance better than the other designs available in the literatures at this dimension.
Design of 12-14.1 GHz Bandpass Filter with Stub LoadedIJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of 12-14.1GHz microstrip multi-mode bandpass
filter. The fabricated microstrip bandpass filter has a compact size of 15.785mm×5mm and good filtering
characteristics. In the frequency range of 12-14.1GHz, the insertion loss varies between 1.565dB and 2.051dB
with about 0.5dB ripple. The measured results show excellent out-of-band rejection above 40dB in 0.02-10GHz,
but much poorer rejection performance in upper stopband due to the existence of spurious passband. To solve
the problem, a DC-14.1GHz LC low pass filter is supplemented after the microstrip bandpass filter.
Design, Simulation and Fabrication of a Microstrip Bandpass FilterEditor IJCATR
The document describes the design, simulation, fabrication and testing of a parallel coupled microstrip bandpass filter. Key details:
- The filter is designed to operate between 2.4-2.48 GHz with a center frequency of 2.44 GHz and 0.5 dB ripple.
- A Chebyshev filter with order 5 is designed using a low-pass prototype filter and admittance inverters to transform it to a bandpass filter structure.
- The filter is simulated in ADS and optimized. Dimensions like line widths and lengths are calculated.
- The filter is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate and tested using a network analyzer. Measurements show the filter meets specifications
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an ultra-wide bandpass filter using an isosceles triangular microstrip patch resonator. The filter is designed to have wide bandwidth, low insertion loss, high return loss, and flat group delay. Simulation results show the filter has an insertion loss of 0.224 dB, return loss over 58 dB, and bandwidth of 78.16% across the C-X band. Varying the width of etching slits and height of the triangular structure alters the filter characteristics as studied. The proposed filter offers advantages such as simple structure, compact size, low cost, and ease of integration for UWB wireless applications.
This paper presents a new structure to implement compact narrowband high-rejection microstrip band-stop filter (BSF). This structure is the combination of two traditional BSFs: Spurline filter and BSF using defected ground structure (DGS). Due to inherently compact characteristics of both Spurline and interdigital capacitance (used as DGS), the proposed filter shows a better rejection performance than Spurline filter and open stub conventional BSF without increasing the circuit size. From, the proposed BSF has a rejection of better than 20dB and the maximum rejection level of 41dB.
This document presents the design and development of a frequency reconfigurable bandpass filter for wireless applications. The filter uses a combination of microstrip coupled resonators and PIN diodes to provide three reconfigurable states at 5.1 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. The filter structure provides good selectivity and rejection at the desired resonant frequencies without compromising performance. Measurement results show good agreement with simulations and validate the reconfigurable functionality. The compact size and ability to target lower wireless frequency bands makes this filter suitable for wireless applications.
This document discusses various approaches for integrated front end design for RF applications through antenna and filter co-design. It describes how co-designing the antenna and filter can reduce size, losses, and improve bandwidth efficiency. Several co-design approaches are presented, including using a common ground plane between a hairpin filter and microstrip notch antenna, and between a loop loaded dual band monopole antenna and microstrip dual band pseudo-interdigital band pass filter for wireless applications. Overall, the co-design approaches aim to optimize size, performance, and bandwidth through improved matching between the antenna and filter components.
Band pass filter comparison of Hairpin line and square open-loop resonator me...journalBEEI
The selection of the right filter design method is a very important first step for a radio frequency engineer. This paper presents the comparison of two methods of band pass filter design using hairpin-line and square open-loop resonator. Both methods were applied to obtain filter designs that can work for broadcasting system in digital television community. Band pass filter was simulated using design software and fabricated using epoxy FR-4 substrate. The results of simulation and measurement shown return loss value at 27.3 dB for hairpin line band pass filter and 25.901 for square open-loop resonator band pass filter. Voltage standing wave ratio parameter values were 1.09 and 1.1067 for hairpin line and square open-loop band pass filter respectively. The insertion loss values for the Hairpin line band pass filter and square open-loop band pass filter were 0.9692 and near 0 dB, respectively. Fractional bandwidth, for hairpin line band pass filter, was 6.7% while for square open-loop band pass filter was 4.8%. Regarding the size, the dimension of square open-loop resonator was approximately five times larger than hairpin-line band pass filter. Based on the advantages of the hairpin line method, we recommend that researchers choose the filter for digital TV broadcasting.
First order parallel coupled BPF with wideband rejection based on SRR and CSRRTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
1) The document presents a new design for a first order parallel coupled bandpass filter at 1 GHz to achieve better performance than conventional designs.
2) The proposed filter incorporates a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) under the input microstrip line and a split ring resonator (SRR) loaded onto the output microstrip line to produce a wide stopband rejection from 1.22 GHz to 5 GHz.
3) Loading two stepped impedance stubs onto the parallel coupled microstrip lines further improves the stopband performance and selectivity of the filter while maintaining low insertion loss in the passband.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a compact wideband bandpass filter design using a broadside-coupled microstrip-slot technique. The designed filter shows good performance with a maximum reflection coefficient of -10 dB and insertion loss of 1.2 dB between 0.92 GHz and 5 GHz, providing a wide bandwidth. Simulation and measurement results show the filter has low insertion loss across its operating band, making it suitable for various communication applications.
Design of a microstrip bandpass filter Tauseef khan
This document describes the design of a microstrip bandpass filter with a center frequency of 3 GHz and 20% fractional bandwidth. It uses quarter wavelength shorted stub resonators designed on AWR Microwave Office simulation software. The filter design achieves less than 4dB insertion loss within the passband, which ranges from 2.712 GHz to 3.268 GHz. The stub filter architecture makes the design more compact and easier to realize compared to coupled line filters, although it requires impedances that can be difficult to implement in practice. In conclusion, the microstrip bandpass filter design meets the specified requirements and its performance is simulated and verified using the software.
Compact lpf design with low cutoff frequency using v shaped dgs structureIAEME Publication
This document describes a compact microstrip low pass filter (LPF) design with a low cutoff frequency, broad stopband, and high stopband attenuation. It introduces a new V-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) to reduce the cutoff frequency compared to a previous design using a double U-shaped DGS, while maintaining the same compact size. Simulations show the V-shaped DGS design can achieve 3dB cutoff frequencies as low as 1.2 GHz, compared to 2.7 GHz for the previous design. Measured results for a fabricated filter match well with simulations, validating the compact low frequency LPF design enabled by the V-shaped DGS structure.
A novel miniature coplanar band-pass filter for ISM applicationsjournalBEEI
This paper presents a novel approach to design a compact miniature coplanar band-pass filter by using rectangular split ring resonator. This proposed circuit is designed for the Industrial, Scientific and, Medical (ISM) frequency band applications at 2.4 GHz. At the first stage, a metamaterial resonator is designed and simulated in a TEM waveguide to verifiy its electromagnetic proprieties around the desired frequency bands. At the second stage, a band pass filter is designed using the proposed metamaterial resonator. Many parametric studies are realized to investigate the effect and influence of some resonator parameters on the proposed BPF performances. ADS Agilent and CST-MWS solvers are used in order to verify the simulated results. The circuit frequency responses show an excellent insertion loss and good return loss in the passband.
A microwave active filter for nanosatellite’s receiver front-ends at s-bandsIJECEIAES
This document describes the design and simulation of a microwave active filter for nanosatellite receiver front-ends operating in the S-band frequency range of 2-2.4 GHz. It consists of a 3rd order microstrip coupled line bandpass filter combined with a two-stage wideband low noise amplifier. The bandpass filter was designed using parallel coupled microstrip lines and simulated using ADS software, showing an insertion loss of 0.95 dB and return loss of 21.6 dB at 2.25 GHz. A two-stage low noise amplifier using SPF-2086 pHEMT transistors was also designed to widen the bandwidth while maintaining the filter's performance. The active filter module aims to selectively amplify
The document summarizes research on the design and analysis of microstrip-fed ultra-wideband antennas with multiple band-notch functions. A compact printed monopole UWB antenna is presented with slots etched in the radiating patch to create notched bands at 3.3–3.7 GHz for WiMAX, 5.15–5.825 GHz for WLAN, and 7.25–7.75 GHz for satellite communication. Surface currents and transmission line models are used to analyze the effect of the slots. The designed antenna has a compact size of 25 x 29 mm2 and produces broadband matched impedance and good omnidirectional radiation patterns.
Substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter for short range device applica...IJECEIAES
The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure is the candidate for many application in microwave, terahertz and millimeter wave application. It because of SIW structure can integrate with any component in one substrate than others structure. A kind components using SIW structure is a filter component, especially bandpass filter. This research recommended SIW bandpass filter using rectangular open loop resonator for giving more selectivity of filter. It can be implemented for short range device (SRD) application in frequency region 2.4-2.483 GHz. Two types of SIW bandpass filter are proposed. First, SIW bandpass filter is proposed using six rectangular open loop resonators while the second SIW bandpass filter used eight rectangular open loop resonators. The simulation results for two kinds of the recommended rectangular open loop resonators have insertion loss (S 21 parameter) below 2 dB and return loss (S 11 parameter) more than 10 dB. Fabrication of the recommended two kind filters was validated by Vector Network Analyzer. The measurement results for six rectangular open loop resonators have 1.32 dB for S 21 parameter at 2.29 GHz while the S 11 parameter more than 18 dB at 2.26 GHz – 2.32 GHz. While the measurement results has good agreement for eight rectangular open loop resonators. It has S 21 below 2.2 dB at 2.41-2.47 GHz and S 11 16.27 dB at 2.38 GHz and 11.5 dB at 2.47 GHz.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a compact printed triple band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna. The antenna uses three open-ended quarter-wavelength slots to create notched bands at 3.3-3.7 GHz, 5.15-5.825 GHz, and 7.25-7.75 GHz. Simulation results show that the antenna achieves broad bandwidth outside the notched bands and good omnidirectional radiation patterns, with a compact size of 19 x 24 mm. Surface current distributions indicate that the slots effectively create the band-notched characteristics by concentrating currents at the slot edges within the notched bands.
This document summarizes the design, simulation, optimization, fabrication and measurement of a stepped-impedance lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1.3GHz and a coupled-line bandpass filter centered around 3.8GHz. The lowpass filter was analytically designed using a stepped-impedance method, optimized in ADS and fabricated on a microstrip substrate. Measurements showed the filter met specifications. The bandpass filter was designed using insertion loss method, optimized in ADS and Momentum to meet a 20% bandwidth and 0.5dB ripple specification, and fabricated on microstrip. Measurements matched simulations.
Enhanced Bandwidth of Band Pass Filter Using a Defected Microstrip Structure ...IJECEIAES
In this paper, the bandwidth enhancement of bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed by utilizing defected microstrip structure (DMS). The initial micro strip BPF which is designed to have the bandwidth 1GHz with the center frequency of 3.5GHz is deployed on FR4 Epoxy dielectric substrate with overall size and thickness of 14mm x 24mm and 1.6mm, respectively. The proposed filter consists of two parallel coupled lines centred by ring-shaped, to enhance the bandwidth response, an attempt is carried out by applying DMS on the ligne center with a ring-shaped of initial filter. Here, the proposed DMS is constructed of the arrowhead dumbbell. Some parametrical studies to the DMS such as changing to obtain the optimum geometry of DMS with the desired bandwidth response. From the characterization result, it shows that the utilization of DMS on to the microstrip ligne of filter has widened 3dB bandwidth response up to 1.8GHz ranges from 2.55GHz to 4.35GHz yielding an enhanced wideband response for various wideband wireless applications.
This document summarizes a report on the design of compact ultra-wideband bandpass filters and notched bandpass filters using microstrip structures. It describes:
1) The use of a dual-mode ring resonator to provide two resonant frequencies in the UWB band and a dual-line parallel-coupled structure for tight coupling between ports and resonators.
2) For the notched bandpass filter, λ/4 open-circuited stubs provide a notch at 5.2 GHz to suppress the HyperLAN frequency.
3) Both filters achieve good agreement between simulated and measured results, with the bandpass filter providing over 100% fractional bandwidth and the notched filter providing two pass
A New Compact and Wide-band Band-stop Filter Using Rectangular SRRTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document describes a new compact band-stop filter design using a rectangular split ring resonator (R-SRR). The band-stop filter consists of a modified microstrip line with an R-SRR located at the center. The R-SRR dimensions are optimized to achieve resonance in the unwanted frequency band. Simulation results show the filter achieves a wide fractional bandwidth of 72% with high rejection in the stop band and low insertion loss in the pass bands. The fabricated filter is compact at 17x20mm and experimental results agree well with simulations, demonstrating the filter's potential for use in modern communication systems.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a compact dual-band Bluetooth/UWB planar antenna with quadruple band-notch characteristics. The antenna consists of a UWB semi-elliptical planar monopole attached to an approximate trapezoidal spiral to achieve the Bluetooth band. It also utilizes rectangular resonant spiral structures that are capacitively coupled to the microstrip feedline to reject the WiMAX, WLAN, and ITU 8 GHz bands. The band-notch characteristics are controlled by changing the effective lengths of the spirals and the coupling gaps between the feedline and spirals. Both simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves sharp reductions in gain and efficiency at the notch frequencies while maintaining
Design, Simulation and Fabrication of a Microstrip Bandpass FilterEditor IJCATR
The document describes the design, simulation, fabrication and testing of a parallel coupled microstrip bandpass filter. Key details:
- The filter is designed to operate between 2.4-2.48 GHz with a center frequency of 2.44 GHz and 0.5 dB ripple.
- A Chebyshev filter with order 5 is designed using a low-pass prototype filter and admittance inverters to transform it to a bandpass filter structure.
- The filter is simulated in ADS and optimized. Dimensions like line widths and lengths are calculated.
- The filter is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate and tested using a network analyzer. Measurements show the filter meets specifications
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an ultra-wide bandpass filter using an isosceles triangular microstrip patch resonator. The filter is designed to have wide bandwidth, low insertion loss, high return loss, and flat group delay. Simulation results show the filter has an insertion loss of 0.224 dB, return loss over 58 dB, and bandwidth of 78.16% across the C-X band. Varying the width of etching slits and height of the triangular structure alters the filter characteristics as studied. The proposed filter offers advantages such as simple structure, compact size, low cost, and ease of integration for UWB wireless applications.
This paper presents a new structure to implement compact narrowband high-rejection microstrip band-stop filter (BSF). This structure is the combination of two traditional BSFs: Spurline filter and BSF using defected ground structure (DGS). Due to inherently compact characteristics of both Spurline and interdigital capacitance (used as DGS), the proposed filter shows a better rejection performance than Spurline filter and open stub conventional BSF without increasing the circuit size. From, the proposed BSF has a rejection of better than 20dB and the maximum rejection level of 41dB.
This document presents the design and development of a frequency reconfigurable bandpass filter for wireless applications. The filter uses a combination of microstrip coupled resonators and PIN diodes to provide three reconfigurable states at 5.1 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. The filter structure provides good selectivity and rejection at the desired resonant frequencies without compromising performance. Measurement results show good agreement with simulations and validate the reconfigurable functionality. The compact size and ability to target lower wireless frequency bands makes this filter suitable for wireless applications.
This document discusses various approaches for integrated front end design for RF applications through antenna and filter co-design. It describes how co-designing the antenna and filter can reduce size, losses, and improve bandwidth efficiency. Several co-design approaches are presented, including using a common ground plane between a hairpin filter and microstrip notch antenna, and between a loop loaded dual band monopole antenna and microstrip dual band pseudo-interdigital band pass filter for wireless applications. Overall, the co-design approaches aim to optimize size, performance, and bandwidth through improved matching between the antenna and filter components.
Band pass filter comparison of Hairpin line and square open-loop resonator me...journalBEEI
The selection of the right filter design method is a very important first step for a radio frequency engineer. This paper presents the comparison of two methods of band pass filter design using hairpin-line and square open-loop resonator. Both methods were applied to obtain filter designs that can work for broadcasting system in digital television community. Band pass filter was simulated using design software and fabricated using epoxy FR-4 substrate. The results of simulation and measurement shown return loss value at 27.3 dB for hairpin line band pass filter and 25.901 for square open-loop resonator band pass filter. Voltage standing wave ratio parameter values were 1.09 and 1.1067 for hairpin line and square open-loop band pass filter respectively. The insertion loss values for the Hairpin line band pass filter and square open-loop band pass filter were 0.9692 and near 0 dB, respectively. Fractional bandwidth, for hairpin line band pass filter, was 6.7% while for square open-loop band pass filter was 4.8%. Regarding the size, the dimension of square open-loop resonator was approximately five times larger than hairpin-line band pass filter. Based on the advantages of the hairpin line method, we recommend that researchers choose the filter for digital TV broadcasting.
First order parallel coupled BPF with wideband rejection based on SRR and CSRRTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
1) The document presents a new design for a first order parallel coupled bandpass filter at 1 GHz to achieve better performance than conventional designs.
2) The proposed filter incorporates a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) under the input microstrip line and a split ring resonator (SRR) loaded onto the output microstrip line to produce a wide stopband rejection from 1.22 GHz to 5 GHz.
3) Loading two stepped impedance stubs onto the parallel coupled microstrip lines further improves the stopband performance and selectivity of the filter while maintaining low insertion loss in the passband.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a compact wideband bandpass filter design using a broadside-coupled microstrip-slot technique. The designed filter shows good performance with a maximum reflection coefficient of -10 dB and insertion loss of 1.2 dB between 0.92 GHz and 5 GHz, providing a wide bandwidth. Simulation and measurement results show the filter has low insertion loss across its operating band, making it suitable for various communication applications.
Design of a microstrip bandpass filter Tauseef khan
This document describes the design of a microstrip bandpass filter with a center frequency of 3 GHz and 20% fractional bandwidth. It uses quarter wavelength shorted stub resonators designed on AWR Microwave Office simulation software. The filter design achieves less than 4dB insertion loss within the passband, which ranges from 2.712 GHz to 3.268 GHz. The stub filter architecture makes the design more compact and easier to realize compared to coupled line filters, although it requires impedances that can be difficult to implement in practice. In conclusion, the microstrip bandpass filter design meets the specified requirements and its performance is simulated and verified using the software.
Compact lpf design with low cutoff frequency using v shaped dgs structureIAEME Publication
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A DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDPASS FILTER WITH INTEGRATED LNA FOR 0.8 TO 2.7 GHZ
1. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
DOI:10.5121/Jmicro.2016.1303 19
A DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT
MICROSTRIP BANDPASS FILTER WITH
INTEGRATED LNA FOR 0.8 TO 2.7 GHZ
Mayur B. Chavan1
and Prof. Rohita P. Patil2
PG Student (VLSI & Embedded) Skncoe, Vadgoan Pune, India 1
Assistant Professor, E&TC Department, Skncoe Vadgoan, Pune, India2
ABSTRACT
This paper represents the design and analysis of the Microstrip wideband integrated low noise amplifier
Bandpass filter for the frequency range of 0.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz. This frequency range is chosen for the
design as most of the wireless applications work in this frequency range. The paper uses the compact
design structure for designing the wideband filter from ref [5]. The filter has good performance in pass
band as well as in stopband of the filter. The filter has the compact size and higher selectivity of 0.923 and
the input return loss below 10 dB and the output return loss less than 10 dB for the whole frequency range.
The integrated low noise amplifier is from the analog devices ADL5544 which has the gain of 15 dB at
0.8GHz and the gain roll of 2 dB in the whole frequency band of the filter. The filter hardware is fabricated
and tested with the network analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz model no ZVH8 which can measure from 100
KHz to 8 GHz. The simulated and the measured results are in good agreement with each other.
KEYWORDS
Bandpass filter (BPF), multiple-mode resonator (MMR), stepped impedance stub load resonator (SISLR),
ultra wideband (UWB), Vector network Analyzer (VNA).
1. INTRODUCTION
In 2002 the Federal communication Commission(FCC) set the frequency range of the ultra-
wideband (UWB) as the frequency from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. Since then the advancement in the
development of various filters and couplers designed to work in this range started taking growth.
Various designs of filters were designed like ring filters multi- mode resonators as shown in
ref[1], [2], [3], [4]. The requirement slowly started shifting to the compactness with the good
performance in the pass band as well in stopband. The various disadvantages of the Microstrip
were considered like harmonic distortion Microstrip losses at higher frequencies etc. Later the
multi-mode resonators were used which were able to give good performance in passband but
smaller stopband ref [1], [2]. Various other techniques like defective ground were introduced later
to have a wider stopbandref [6]. The actual motivation to design the band pass filter for any
application is to save the time and the money required for the designing and fabricating the
various filters for different applications which are running on different frequencies. By designing
the Bandpass filter we actually cuts off the need to design various narrowband filter and use the
same Bandpass filter for every application even if the application is running on different
frequency. Just that the frequency of operation of the application should be in the passband of the
Bandpass filter. Adding to this the gain of the Bandpass filter should be as maximum as possible
2. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
20
also the input and output return loss of the filter should show some acceptable figures. Dealing
with the performance of the filter we cannot ignore the other factors such as size and compactness
of the design. As the advancement of technology is taking a mass growth the size will be the only
major factor than others. Taking this into account the filter with compact structure is chosen for
the frequency which has the maximum wireless applications.
In ref [5] the size of the filter was reduced improving the performance of the filter in the passband
as well as in stopband.The size of the filter is reduced as compared to the filter designed in ref
[4]. The Fig.1 shows that the filter uses only a single SIS connected at the center of the uniform
impedance transmission line and an aperture-backed beneath three inter-digital parallel coupled
lines at connected at each side of the filter for coupling enhancement. The adopted method leads
to a simplified objective function with a minimum number of variables to avoid convergence and
implementation problems.
Fig.1 UWB Bandpass filter in ref [5]
In ref [4], the filter size miniaturization was the major challenge faced by the design engineers so
this paper proposed a Novel UWB Bandpass filter using stub load multiple mode resonator as
shown in Fig.2.
Fig.2 Structure of the SISLR in ref [4]
3. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
21
This filter had the filter size less as compared to the filter proposed in ref [3]. As shown in Fig.2
the filter used a uniform impedance resonator and consisted of the SIS (Stepped Impedance Stub)
at the center and two extra added open stubs at the side of the center stub placed symmetrically
around the center. The MMR consists of three open stubs in a uniform impedance resonator, and
five modes, including two odd modes and three even modes within the desired band are combined
to realize UWB passband.
In ref [3], the novel stepped impedance stub loaded resonator (SISLR) was proposed to design
UWB BPF. The previously designed SIR type UWB BPF as shown in Fig.5 showed good
performance in passband except the Stopbands suffer the slow increase in attenuation and there
were no longer enough degree of freedom for effective control of resonant frequencies.
Fig.3 Basic structure of SISLR in ref [3]
This resonator as shown in Fig.3 has more degrees of adjusting freedom to control its resonant
frequencies, which results in conveniently relocating the required resonant modes within the
UWB band.The basic structure of the proposed SISLR is shown in Fig.3. It consists of a
traditional SIR with the characteristic admittance, and electrical lengths and, which is tapped-
connected to a stepped-impedance stub (SIS) in the center. The SIS is also made of transmission-
line sections of characteristic admittance, and electrical length. Since the SISLR is symmetrical in
structure, odd- and even-mode analysis can be adopted to characterize it.
Fig.4 Configuration of the UWB SISLR in [3]
4. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
22
In ref [2] the Microstrip line stepped impedance stub loaded MMR was proposed in Fig.5.As
discussed in ref [1], the first three resonant modes in the stepped-impedance MMR can be quasi-
equally allocated within the concerned UWB passband by adjusting width/length ratios of central-
to-side sections. However, this MMR-based filter usually suffers from a high insertion loss of
about 2.0 dB in the upper UWB passband and a narrow upper stopband of 11.0 to 14.0 GHz. The
former is mainly caused by parasitic radiation from the central part with wide strip conductor at
high frequencies, while the latter is due to the 4th resonant mode in this stepped-impedance
MMR.As shown in Fig.5, the proposed stub-loaded MMR is formed by properly attaching one
single open-ended stub in the middle and two identical ones in the two symmetrical positions.
The lengths of the central stub and side stubs are indicated by Lc and Ls, respectively. In this
way, the first four resonant modes expect to be relocated within the UWB passband while pushing
up the fifth mode to make up a wide upper stopband.
Compared with the conventional multi-mode resonator in ref [1], this filter design had an extra
stepped-impedance stub loaded in the center. The performance of the filter was good but was
large in size.
Fig.5 Configuration of the proposed UWB BPF based on stub-loaded MMR in ref [2]
.
In ref [1], the initially proposed UWB Bandpass filter using a Microstrip line multiple-mode
resonator (MMR) was presented as shown in Fig.6. Here the MMR has been properly modified in
configuration so as to reallocate its first three resonant modes close to lower-end, center, and
upper-end of the targeted UWB passband. Also, the coupling degree of the input/output parallel-
coupled line sections is largely raised.
Fig.6 Schematic of the compact Microstrip-line UWB Bandpass filter ref [1]
5. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
23
At the central frequency of the UWB passband, i.e., 6.85 GHz, the MMR consists of one half-
wavelength low-impedance line section in the center and two identical /4 high-impedance line
sections at the two sides. With respect to the configuration, the proposed MMR was categorized
as a so-called stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). As a non-uniform transmission line resonator,
the SIR was proposed in to enlarge the frequency spacing between the first and second-order
resonant modes so as to effectively widen the upper stopband above the dominant passband of a
Bandpass filter. Here, all the first three resonant modes are taken into account together and they
are applied to make up a wide dominant passband. In this case, the first and third-order resonant
frequencies basically determine the lower and upper cutoff frequencies of a wide passband.
Further the two additional transmission poles in the /4 parallel-coupled lines, a UWB filter can
be built up with good insertion and return loss in the entire passband of concern.
2. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FILTER
The filter consists of a uniform transmission line of impedance Z and has and electrical length of
2 and the characteristic admittance . In the structure of the filter as shown in Fig.7the
stepped impedance step is connected at the center of the uniform transmission line which has the
characteristic impedance of and with the characteristic admittance as and with the
electrical length of and . The actual performance of the ideal filter should be that the gain
of the filter should be = 1 for the full passband of interest and then should have sharp cutoff
after the pass band. This actually means that filter which is fed by the input impedance of 50
ohms is matched with the impedance of filter for the whole frequency band, where the input
impedance of = 50 ℎ and the output impedance of = 50 ℎ. Now this condition
can be well expressed through the given objective function.
! = ∑ $|'()$ − 50+| + |-(.$ +|+ 0
12345
12367
[1]
Where 89:; = 9:;
⁄ and 89 = 9
⁄ . For the frequency of concern this
objective function should be less than the convergence tolerance 0. The value of the
convergence tolerance is taken as0 = 10?
. The objective function mentioned above is very
complicated as it consists of the real and the imaginary parts of the impedance of the filter.
Simplification of the above function is required to solve the equation so the filter is divided in to
two parts ref [5]. This can be shown in the Fig.8.
Fig.7 Basic structure of T shaped resonator with uniform transmission line and stepped impedance stub at
the center.
6. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
24
The actual goal of the simplification is to get the simple expressions of the admittances of 9 and
compared with the impedance and to avoid forcing that their real parts should be equal. So
therefore only the imaginary parts of Ym and Yn will compose of the objective function. As the
real parts are same we have the expression
= 9 + @ABC [2]
= D9 + @A9 + @ABC [3]
The matching at one port means the filter can be matched to any transverse plane of the line that
has the characteristic admittance of E which divides the filter into two parts. Therefore the
matching condition = 9
∗
leads to
2A9 + @ABC = 0 [4]
Now from the ref [5] the various expressions for the susceptance A9 as
A9 =
GH:IJKGL
MN
OGL
M:MIJ
[5]
ABC = 2C
P:I4O:IQ
R:I4.:IQ
[6]
Where T = 1 $50+
⁄ and U = : C
⁄ . To make sure that the filter gives the Bandpass response
the condition of 2A9 + @ABC = 0 should be verified for every frequency within the bandwidth
of the Bandpass filter. Therefore the new objective function can be formed as
! = ∑ |2A9 + ABC|
189:;
189 0 (convergence tolerance) [7]
Which can be simplified by substituting the equations in the objective function
Fig.8 Simplified structure of the filter with their electrical lengths and admittance.
7. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
25
! = V WE
EX(YK1 − Z N
EX(YK1 − Z N
+ C
UX(Y: + X(YC
1 − [X(Y:. X(YC
W
189:;
189
Now to have the sharp selectivity at the cutoff frequency at the end of the passband of the filter it
is necessary to design the center stub of the filter in such a way that the center stub will place the
zeros on the frequency 0.8 GHz and 2.7 GHz which is the cutoff frequency of the filter. That
actually means that the filter will have | = 0| at the frequency] = 0.8D_` (Ya ] =
2.7 D_` ] (Ya] are the two transmission zeros of the center stub also ABC$c+ =
ABC$c + = ∞ which could be designed at these frequencies as
UX(Y:$]+. X(YC$]+ = 1 - = $1,2+ [8]
Which leads to two expressions
=
1f
1g6
X(Y
h
P:iIfjk
lg6
lf
mn
o - = $1,2+ [9]
To find all possible combinations of , (Ya U a numerical iterative method is necessary to
verify the expression
| $2+| − | $1+| 0p
Where = 0 [10]
The ratio of
1qM
1gj
is a function of r =
I4
IQst4
for different values of k. The minimum value of k can
be obtained at : = C = . So the value of r = 0.5 . In case where
1qM
1gj
=3.375, then
; =
u
v
lgM
lqj
Ow
[10]x = y − ; [11]
K is less than the maximum value due to characteristic impedance value of the Microstrip line
that vary from between 20 ohm to 140 ohm. So the K varies from the minimum value to the
maximum value of k=7.
3. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
This paper uses the structure of the Bandpass filter designed in ref [5].The filter in ref[5] consist
of a uniform transmission line with a stepped impedance open stub connected in the center of the
line with the three inter-digitized parallel coupled lines at each side of the filter. The filter also
uses the defective ground technique to have a better control over the input reflection coefficient
of the filter. The filter designed in this paper is designed for the frequency range of 0.8 GHz to
2.7 GHz but the filter designed in ref[5] is designed for 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The filter is designed in
this paper uses the FR4 substrate having the dielectric constant of er =4.6 the substrate height of
h=1.6 mm and conductor thickness of T= 0.01 mm.
8. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
26
Table 1. Comparison of the filter structures with their substrate and selectivity factor.
The filter is then integrated with the Low noise amplifier from Analog Devices ADL5544. The
amplifier has a good gain response in the frequency range of 0.1 GHz to 6 GHz. The amplifier is
made stable in the frequency range by proper biasing the Amplifier by the biasing circuit. The
filter and the amplifier circuit is separately designed and then integrated. The filter has a good
response in the passband of the filter and sharp selectivity after the upper cutoff frequency. The
selectivity factor of the filter is 0.9032 as the frequency at -3 dB is obtained as 2.8 GHz and
frequency at -30dB is 3.100 GHz. The filter size is about 7cm in length and 4 cm in height. This
configuration of the filter is chosen as the filter has to be fabricated in India. The FR4 material of
er=4.6 is easily available for fabrication. The minimum spacing between the tracks which can be
fabricated in India is 0.2 mm. Hence no length or spacing between the tracks is not less than 0.2
mm. The layout of the filter is drawn using ADS layout window and momentum simulation is
done to obtain the frequency response of the designed filter.
As shown in Fig.8 the filter consist of center stub and a uniform impedance line of 4
⁄ at the
center frequency of 1.75 GHz. The center stub is connected in the center of the uniform
impedance line and the lengths and the widths of center stubs are taken such that the zeros are
placed at the cutoff frequencies of the filter. The inter-digital coupling is made on both side of the
filter to suppress the frequencies after the cutoff frequency and to have a larger stopband.
Fig.9 The layout of wideband Bandpass filter.
9. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
27
The filter also uses the defective ground structure in which the ground plane is not present below
the coupling. The lengths of the defective ground can be obtained by the trial and error method.
The defective ground structure minimizes the input return loss of the filter. The filter gain
response shows that the filter has the passband from 0.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz. The filter has an
insertion loss of about 0.5dB.
Fig.10 The output gain (S21) of wideband Bandpass filter.
The Fig.9 and fig.10shows the momentum simulation results of the filter. The filter shows its
passband from 0.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz the S11 as shown in Fig.10 is below -10 dB for the whole
passband of concern. The filter suffers from the second harmonics of the filter center frequency.
Fig.11 The input return loss (S11) of wideband Bandpass filter.
GHz
GHz
10. International Journal Of Microwave Engineering (JMICRO) Vol.1, No.3, July 2016
28
The stopband of the filter is extended up-to 4GHz. The designed filter uses the compact structure
proposed in ref [5] hence is compact in size for the proposed frequencies of 0.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz.
The size of the filter is only 7 cm. As the filter is designed for the low frequencies as compared to
ref [5] the lengths of the filter are greater. The filter is designed to cover all the wireless
applications which work in 800 MHz to 2.7 GHz band of frequencies
Fig.12 The output return loss (S22) of wideband Bandpass filter
The output return loss of the simulated filter as shown in Fig.11 is less than -10dB for the whole
passband of concern. The filter has the S22 of -10.038dB at 800 MHz and -13.096dB at 2.7 GHz
and output return loss remains below -10dB between this band of frequency. The simulation
result of output isolation of the filter is shown in Fig.12.
Fig.13 The output isolation (S12) of wideband Bandpass filter.
GHz
GHz
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The output isolation of the filter is -9.367dB at 700 MHz and -8.560dB at 2.85 GHz. The filter
has the good isolation in the stopband of the filter.
4. FILTER INTEGRATED WITH LNA
The filter designed in the section III is integrated with a low noise amplifier to further increase
the gain of the signal filtered by the Bandpass filter. The low noise amplifier actually amplifies
the signal obtained from the Bandpass filter and adds its self-submicron noise as minimum as
possible. Low noise amplifier adds minimum noise to the circuit but amplifies the signal with the
expected gain. Hence it is called as low noise amplifier. The low noise amplifier used in the
design is from the analog devices ADL5544 which has good gain of 15dB in the range of 300
MHz to 2.7 GHz. The amplifier is made stable in 0.8GHz to 2.7 GHz by designingthe biasing
circuit of the amplifier. The biasing circuit of the amplifier can also be found in the data sheet of
the amplifier. The stability of the amplifier is checked through Rollet’s criteria and Stab fact
function in ADS schematic.
Fig.14 The layout of the filter integrated with LNA and the basing circuit of amplifier.
Figure 13 shows the integrated layout of the filter and the amplifier various different components
for amplifier biasing are used like choking inductors and decoupling capacitors. The component
padding and IC padding of the amplifier can be shown in the Fig.13. The IC padding in the layout
is taken from the datasheet of the IC used. The inductors and the capacitor padding is taken
according to the package size of the component e.g. 0603 or 5750. Now in comparison the 0603
package is small in size as compared to that of the 5750 package. The inductors and the
capacitors are used from the Murata and Coilcraft. The small circles shown in the Fig.13 are Via
which connects the upper or the top metal layer to the lower ground plane. The ground plane
should be as large as possible in RF/Microwave circuits to minimize the radiation losses of the
circuit otherwise the losses of the circuit increase and the signal travelling through Microstrip gets
attenuated earlier due to excessive losses of radiation. The design of the filter is maintained to
have minimum Microstrip losses.
5. FILTER HARDWARE RESULTS
The hardware results are tested on the VNA (Vector network analyzer) which can test the circuit
up to 8 GHz. The dc voltage source is required for the amplifier biasing. The dc voltage source of
3 V is used for the amplifier ADL5544.
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Fig.15 The output gain (S21) of the wideband Bandpass filter with integrated low noise amplifier tested on
VNA.
Figure 14 shows the measured gain S21 of the designed filter integrated with amplifier. It is
observed that the design has the gain of -30dB at 500 MHz then 13.91dB at 791 MHz then
13.20dB at 1.2165 GHz then 11.30dB at 2.246 GHz and 8.04dB at 2.71 GHz. The design has the
gain roll-off of 2 dB in the passband of the filter.
Figure 15 shows the gain over the whole frequency range of 8GHz. The filter shows the sharp
selectivity at cutoff frequencies of the filter. The filter has a good sharp attenuation in the
stopband of the filter. The filter is affected with the second harmonics of the center frequency of
the filter. Hence the gain plot rises after 4.5 GHz.
Fig.16 The output gain (S21) of wideband Bandpass filter with integrated low noise amplifier tested on
VNA for full frequency range of 8 GHz
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The Microstrip filters are all affected with the harmonics this is the disadvantage of Microstrip
filter to have smaller Stopbands after the cutoff frequency. The input return loss of the measured
filter as shown in Fig.16 is less than -8dB.
Fig.17 The input return loss (S11) of the measured wideband Bandpass filter integrated with amplifier.
The filter measures the input return loss S11 of -11.8dB at 800 MHz, 7.82dB at 1.335 GHz, -
12.86dB at 2.244 GHz and -14.72dB at 2.7165 GHz. For rest of the frequencies the input return
loss stays below -10dB.The measured result of the filter are satisfactory as compared to the
simulation result S11 of the filter.
Fig.18 The output return loss (S22) of the measured wideband Bandpass filter integrated with amplifier.
Figure 17 shows the measured result of output return loss S22. The output return loss is less than
-10dB for the whole passband of frequencies. The output return loss is measured as -18.61dB at
800 MHz, -11.36dB at 1.3125 GHz, -18.77dB at 2.244 GHz and -11.95dB at 2.7165 GHz .
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Fig.19 The output isolation (S12) of the measured wideband Bandpass filter integrated with amplifier.
The simulation and measured result of S22 are in good agreement with each other. Figure 18
shows the output isolation of the filter. The output isolation of the filter is below -20 dB for the
whole frequency range of operation. The measured S12 has -21.21dB at 800 MHz, -22.34 dB at
1.3125 GHz, -26.05 dB at 2.244 GHz and -31.89 dB at 2.7165 GHz. The measured and simulated
results of S12 are satisfactory when compared to each other.
6. FABRICATION AND TESTING
As the design was to be fabricated in India the minimum spacing between the two tracks was not
less than 0.2 mm. So the results were obtained keeping the minimum distance between tracks as
0.21 mm.
Fig.20 Fabricated PCB of the filter and LNA with assembled components and SMA connectors.
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Figure 19 shows the PCB of the filter and amplifier IC assembled to the PCB with other
components. The SMA connectors are connected to the input and the output ports so that the PCB
can be tested on VNA (Vector network analyzer). The 2 pin connecter is connected to supply the
dc voltage to the amplifier IC. The filter is designed using the defective ground at the back of the
inter-digital coupled lines from both the sides. Fig.20 shows the defective ground of the
fabricated filter. The defective ground helps the designer to vary the coupling between the lines as
per required. The lengths and the widths of the defective ground are taken by trial and error
method
Fig.21 Backside of the fabricated PCB of the filter which shows the defective ground.
Fig.22 The testing setup for measured results of the filter which shows the VNA and dc power supply
connected to the fabricated PCB.
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The defective ground concept helps to improve the input/output return loss of the filter. Varying
the length and the width too much can change the passband of the filter completely. The defective
ground actually does not have a ground plane in that patch of the PCB due to which the coupling
degree of the filter can be changed and varied. The length of the defective ground taken in this
design is length=8mm and width =2.97 mm. This lengths and widths are found out by trial and
error methods which can vary as per the frequency of operation. Fig.21 shows the testing setup
for the fabricated filter. Testing was done on VNA from Rohde Schwarz model no ZVH8
which can measure from 100 KHz to 8 GHz. The VNA is first calibered correctly to open, shorts
and 50 ohm terminations so that the testing results are obtained with accordance to the calibrated
references.
7. CONCLUSION
The study has revealed that the design developed in the ref [5] is the best design in terms of the
performance and size of the filter compared to the various other designs developed earlier. The
filter is designed to operate at frequencies of 0.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz. The filter has the good
performance in the pass band as well as in stopband. The input return loss of the simulated results
of the filter is less than -10 dB in the entire passband and that in hardware result is less than -7dB.
The filter suffers the maximum of only 0.5 dB of insertion loss.The gain S21 of the proposed
design is constant in whole passband of having a gain roll-off of 2 dB in the passband of the filter.
The output return loss S22 of simulated and the measured results is less than -10dB. The output
isolation S12 of the design is less than -20dB .The selectivity factor of the proposed filter is about
0.9032 which is greater than the filter of ref [5]. The proposed filter is designed for the lower
frequency then that of the ref [5] so the size of the proposed filter is greater than that of the filter
designed in ref [5] as all the lengths of the filter depends on the wavelength of the center
frequency of the band of operation of the filter. As the center frequency is much lower the
wavelength is higher. Hence the lengths are higher. The filter uses the substrate of FR4 with the
dielectric of er=4.6 and height=1.6 mm and metal thickness of t=0.01mm. The filter has the
sharper roll off with compact size as compared to the other filters in this frequency range. All the
simulations are carried out by ADS software momentum simulation and the fabricated hardware
is tested using the VNA (Vector network analyzer) and is observed that the hardware results are
in good comparison with that of the simulated results.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank Prof. R.P. Patil for her valuable guidance and RFIC solutions for their
support and suggestions that they have given for the completion of this work.
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