Hearing aid technology has advanced significantly over the past 200 years. Early hearing aids from the 1800s were simply ear trumpets or acoustic horns. The first electronic hearing aid was invented in 1900. Transistor technology arrived in the 1940s-1950s, allowing for smaller devices. Digital technology in the 1980s enabled programmability and multiple channels of amplification. Recent advances include wireless connectivity between devices, rechargeability, noise reduction algorithms, automatic features, and expanded bandwidth to better support speech recognition. However, fitting targets and understanding of the impaired auditory system have sometimes lagged behind technological capabilities.
Assessment of voice in professional voice usersSoorya Sunil
The assessment of voice in professional voice users is different considering the fact that they have unique vocal needs.This is a brief introduction outlining how assessment of voice should be done.
Short 10 Min Presentation on Speech Audiogram & Audiometry. Delivered by Abubakkar Raheel (4th Year Mbbs)
Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
u can read in this PPT about Audiometer , types of audiometer and parts of audiometer.
hope this ppt will help you. u can suggest me through mail , my maild is anantarun27@gmail.com
Assessment of voice in professional voice usersSoorya Sunil
The assessment of voice in professional voice users is different considering the fact that they have unique vocal needs.This is a brief introduction outlining how assessment of voice should be done.
Short 10 Min Presentation on Speech Audiogram & Audiometry. Delivered by Abubakkar Raheel (4th Year Mbbs)
Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
u can read in this PPT about Audiometer , types of audiometer and parts of audiometer.
hope this ppt will help you. u can suggest me through mail , my maild is anantarun27@gmail.com
My Hearing Centers - Overcoming Consumer Inertia.Bill Barrick
This engagement was by Synergy Direct Response on behalf of their client My Hearing Centers. The assignment was to determine why Synergy's direct marketing response rates were only 0.10%, far lower than category average response rates. Market research revealed several underling issues which were addressed with recommendations for improvement, including positioning, product mix, geographic retail locations. Also included are target audience analysis and segmentation, key messaging, market trends and media consumption habits of target audience.
Hearing Aids Market is worth USD 6.33 billion in 2016 and is expected to reach USD 9.07 billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2016 to 2022.
Download Free Sample: https://www.scalarmarketresearch.com/request-sample.php?id=21
Innovation and technology go hand in hand in developing the vision and strategy for the business solutions these leaders employ to engage current and new customers (boomers and beyond), and to establish new business models. Explore the best practices in innovation that drive new revenue generation. How is innovation affected by the adoption of technology by older consumers? Lee Rainie and Andrew Perrin present what works and what doesn’t when innovating in large public and nonprofit organizations at the Boomer Summit in Washington.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Recording Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions using the Adaptive Noise C...RicardoVallejo30
Assessing the effectiveness of the Path Medical QSCREEN ® Adaptive Noise Cancellation Technology on various DPOAE test parameters (overall test time, overall pass/refer, test time and pass/refer rate per frequency).
Silent sound technology SST has be introduced to put end to noise pollution and help the people that have lost their voice and cannot speak on mobile phone. This device is developed at Karlsruhe institute of technology and expected to be see in near feature. This device will notice the lip movement inform of electrical impulse and transfer it to sound speech that can be understood. It will be useful for people that want to make a silent call by just receiving the electrical impulse from lips movement and neglect all other surrounding noise and convert it to sound speech at the receiver ends. It can be used for languages like English, German and French but it cannot be used for language like Chinese because a different tone means different meaning. It will be useful for secrete calling because the caller don’t need to utter a word loudly just the lips movement. Silent sound technology (taking without talking) work base on two methods which are electromyography (EMG) and image processing.
As Digital Still Cameras (DSC) become smaller, cheaper and higher in resolution, photographs are increasingly prone to blurring from shaky hands. Optical image stabilization (OIS) is an effective solution that addresses the quality of images, and is an idea that has been around for at least 30 years. It has only recently made its way into the low-cost consumer camera market, and will soon be migrating to the higher end camera phones. This paper provides an overview of common design practices and considerations for optical image stabilization and how silicon-based MEMS dual-axis gyroscopes with their size, cost and performance advantages are enabling this vital function for image capturing devices
department of occupational safety and healthAlexanderApan
The Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) in Malaysia plays a crucial role in promoting and enforcing occupational safety and health standards across various industries.
52 Slides on the new laws on protecting our kids. Safe kids includes reporting of abuse, getting clearances for employees and volunteers, and lots of new laws.
Slides from a forum by the Forbes Fund and others in Allegheny County, including APOST.
Swimming routine to get practice started. System was modified and published by Mark Rauterkus and used in many situations for decades. Inspirational source was at St. Pete in Florida with Coach Mason.
Swim & Water Polo Camp slide show for last day of 2013 Summer Dreamers with P...Mark Rauterkus
#Sda13.
This slide show by our Camp CAPA Swim & Water Polo staff and students was presented on the last day of camp, August 7, 2013.
The theme was "A for Athlete.'
The Westinghouse Alumni Association made a 40-point plan public to save Pittsburgh Public Schools more than 100 million dollars. Here are some of those plans. We'll talk about them on the TV show at PCTV21 in May, 2011.
The longer document that covers work of Athletic Reform in Pittsburgh Public Schools. This was directed by Jake House. Mark Rauterkus was on the committee.
Pittsburgh Public Schools is considering Athletic Reforms. The process was directed by Jake House and Mark Rauterkus was on the committee. This document, 13 pages, was presented to the school board by Jake in May, 2011.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
1. A Brief History of Hearing Aids
Catherine Palmer, PhD
Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh
Director, Audiology and Hearing Aids,
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
palmercv@upmc.edu
2. What have the important newsflashes in
audiology and technology been over time?
How have these events impacted where
we are today?
Where are we headed?
What are the next challenges?
3. Time Line: 1800’s to 1969
1800 F.C. Rein (first
company)
1819 Acoustic Throne,
King John Portugal
1850s Politzer – ear
trumpet
1876 Bell invented the
telephone
1900 Dr. Ferdinand Alt –
1st
electronic hearing aid
1906 DeFrost – vacuum
tube (great amplification)
1921 – Earl Hansen
patented the vacuum tube
hearing aid
1930 2 part instrument
1937 1st
wearable hearing
aid
1940 Selective amplification
formula
1946 Harvard Report
1947 Transistor
1952 Transistor in hearing
aids
1954 Eyeglass hearing aids
1958 Shore, Bilger, Hirsch –
couldn’t differentiate
hearing aids using clinical
speech recognition
measures
1960 hearing aid could be
all on one side
1968 directional
microphones
9. Time Line: 1970’s - 1980’s
1970 custom products
1975 compression –
starting to be automatic
1976 Pascoe’s study of
bandwidth
1978 – audiologists
dispense hearing aids
(legally)
1979 Skinner –audibility,
bandwidth, and comfort
1980 Schwartz and
Walden – identified the
problem in testing as
word recognition being
unreliable
1981 Studebaker – 845
words to determine a
4% significant difference
in word recognition
mid-1980s 1st
digital (two
pieces)
1985 DSL 3.0; 1986 NAL-R
1985 Probe Microphone
Measurement Equipment
1985 Wide dynamic range
compression implemented
1987 Programmable
12. It wouldn’t be until 1985 that we
would see true wide dynamic range
compression and the ability to
automatically make soft, average,
and loud sound audible for an
individual…
13. 1978 – audiologists
dispense hearing aids
(legally)
15. Bandwidth continues to be
inadequate for children learning
speech and for anyone enjoying
music. The advent of digital
hearing aids and the interest in
dead regions has actually made this
worse…
17. Past = linear hearing
aids and volume
controls were
mandatory.
Present = compression
signal processing, now
volume controls are
used as a manual over-
ride.
18. 1985 was a big year…
We finally have research based
fitting targets and equipment that
can make appropriate
measurements, but the technology
has outpaced the targets. WDRC
requires three targets (soft,
moderate, and loud) to be fit
appropriately…
19. An incredibly powerful tool for the clinician. No patient should
leave a hearing aid fitting without the clinician knowing what
SPL is reaching the eardrum and without a clear understanding
of the audibility that has been restored across input levels.
20. Insertion Gain Figure from Hawkins & Cook
(2003)
0.25 0.5 2 3 4 61
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Frequency (kHz)
ActualIGMinus
SimulatedIG(dB)
Negative values indicate that the actual insertion gain was
less than the simulated insertion gain.
22. Kochkin’s surveys indicate that the use of
programmable hearing aids improves consumer
satisfaction…
WDRC implemented
Two channels fairly standard
Class B or D receivers standard
Output compression limiting
standard
23. Time Line: 1990’s
1990 Valid, reliable
self-evaluation
measures (Cox et al;
Gatehouse et al)
1993 IHAFF calls for
three dimensional
hearing aid fitting
targets
1994 Soli et al –
Hearing in Noise
testing
1995 first custom
digital product
1995 DSL i/o
1996 Noise reduction
algorithms
1997 directional/
omnidirectional choice
1998 RECD
1999 NAL-NL1
24. 1990 Valid, reliable
self-evaluation
measures (Cox et al;
Gatehouse et al)*
26. 1993 IHAFF calls for
three dimensional
hearing aid fitting
targets*
27. This is almost ten years after the
technology arrived to provide 3
dimensional hearing aid fittings
(gain varies as a function of
frequency and input level). The
solution was still 3-6 years away.
29. SNR Loss
“Loss in ability to understand speech at the SNR
used by those with normal hearing”
Attributed to inner hair cell loss
•Killion M. (1997). SNR loss: “I can hearing what people say, but I can’t understand them”
Hearing Review 4(12):8, 10, 12, 14
31. Why Digital
distortion/sound Quality
fine tuning
programmable telecoil
turn VC off
automatic feedback control
automatic and/or adaptive directionality
organizing the order of programs
insitu measurements
seemingly infinite number of channels
endless possibilities for algorithms
changes in signal processing based on sampling the
incoming signal
32. The possibilities are unlimited
(limited by battery drain).
The question is what does the
impaired system need (you would
need to understand the impaired
system, speech acoustics, and the
environment in which one would like
to communicate)?
36. From Boothroyd
OUTPUT
Time
Looks like? Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly
S S N S N S S N
INPUT SignalSignal
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
SignalNoise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise NoiseNoise
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise
SignalSignalSignal Noise NoiseNoise
SignalSignal
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
SignalNoise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise NoiseNoise SignalSignal
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
SignalNoise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise NoiseNoiseNoise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise NoiseNoise
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise
SignalSignalSignal Noise NoiseNoise
SignalSignalSignal SignalSignalSignal Noise NoiseNoise
Figure 2. Time-domain noise-reduction algorithms introduce attenuation when the mixed
signal appears to consist mostly of noise.
37. From Boothroyd
OUTPUT
Frequency
Looks like? Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly Mostly
S S N S N S S N
INPUT SignalSignal
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
SignalNoise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise NoiseNoise
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise
SignalSignalSignal Noise NoiseNoise
SignalSignal
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
SignalNoise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise NoiseNoise SignalSignal
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
SignalNoise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise NoiseNoiseNoise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise NoiseNoise
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise
Signal Signal Signal Signal Signal
Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise
SignalSignalSignal Noise NoiseNoise
SignalSignalSignal SignalSignalSignal Noise NoiseNoise
Figure 3. Spectral-domain noise-reduction algorithms introduce attenuation in those frequency
regions where the mixed signals appears to consist mostly of noise.
39. User Satisfaction with Single (N=200)
and Directional Microphones (N=296)
re: Marketrak (N= 418)
• Kochkin S. (2000). Customer satisfaction with directional DSP
aids. Hearing Review 7(11):24, 26, 28-29, 32-34
41. Getting ready to handle hearing aid
fitting with infants that will come
with universal newborn screening.
RECD allows complete pre-setting of
the hearing aid without the need for
patient cooperation and/or input.
45. Time Line: 2000
2001 Dead Regions
2002 automatic/adaptive
directionality
2002 adaptive feedback
control
2002 Scollie/probe mic
signals
2003 Stelmachowicz-
bandwidth for children
learning speech
2003 Touchless Telecoil
2004 customizing
features/hiding features
2005 feedback management
systems/open fit/drastic
increase in channels
2005 Surge of evidence
based practice guidelines
(IHAFF)
2005 Expansion as a
programmable feature
2006 wireless
communication between
hearing aids
2006 rechargeable
batteries
2006 built-in FM receiver
in several levels of
technology
2006 Acceptable Noise
Level Test as a predictor
2006 Mueller and Ricketts
2007 FCC ruling on cell
phone compatibility
2007 DSL(i/o)v.5; NAL-
NL2
2007 wireless paradigm
shift
46. Why are patients not wearing their hearing aid(s)?
Kochkin S. (2000). MarketTrak V: “Why are my hearing aids in the
drawer?”: the consumer’s perspective. Hearing Journal 53(2): 34, 36,
39-42
Reason Percent Est. # of
Owners
Poor Benefit 29.86 268,510
Background
Noise
25.3 229,470
Fit/Comfort 18.7 169,448
Price/Cost of
Repair
10.3 93,848
52. It’s not an excuse for a poor hearing
aid fitting.
The hearing aid has to feed back in
order to engage the system – this
isn’t acceptable for some patients.
53. Satisfaction, Benefit & Value (Kochkin, 2002)
11
26
16
13
13
7
19
10
18
89
74
79
73
44
93
71
85
64
Usage
Wear HI
Wear HI 4+ hours
Behavioral
Recommend HI to friend
Recommend dispenser
Would repurchase H.I. brand
Quality of life improvement
Key Satisfaction Indices
Overall satisfaction
Benefit
Value
020406080100
% Dissatisfied
0 20 40 60 80 100
% Satisfied
58. Great idea, but it arrived just as cell
phones became the primary
telephone for many individuals…
By 2006 there would be 1 billion cell
phones in use
62. Spectrographs for the syllable /pa/
•(a) shows /pa/ with an Envelope Onset Asynchrony (EOA) of 26 ms (circled)
•EOA= the onset of low frequency energy – the onset of high frequency energy
•This EOA is the natural pattern of the syllable /pa/
•(b) shows /pa/ with an EOA of 1 ms
•The high frequency band was delayed to achieve this EOA pattern
•Although both tokens are utterances of /pa/, the high frequency delay caused
listeners’ perception to change from /pa/ to /ba/
a) b)
63. The algorithm manipulations
potentially are infinite, but we have
to look at what is happening to the
speech signal and what cues are
essential to the listener.
64. 2005 Surge of evidence
based practice
guidelines (IHAFF)*
65. Evidence-based medicine has
demoted the “medical expert” to the
least valid form of evidence and all
“experts” now are expected to be
able to reference their
pronouncements to the relevant
literature.
67. We conquered audibility only to
hear patients saying that they were
hearing too much…
68. Expansion provides
more gain as the
input increases (the
opposite of
compression). This
allows the clinician to
reduce very quiet
sounds that are
annoying the hearing
aid user. Expansion
has always been
used by
manufacturers to
reduce microphone
noise.
70. Why do the hearing aids need to
communicate?
True binaural processing? By 2005, 86%
of fittings were binaural.
Is phase an important cue?
Is it important to have the hearing aids
set in the same listening condition (e.g.,
both in directional?)
Will this help people localize?
Is it just more convenient (e.g., VC)?
Is it inconvenient when there is a repair?
72. Very little has happened over time
in terms of battery development.
Batteries continue to be a limiting
factor in signal processing and in
patient frustration.
73. 2006 built-in FM
receiver in several
levels of technology*
74. A step in the right direction…
One less extra piece of equipment
The solution is specific to the
transmitter
81. A paradigm shift
Communicating between
the hearing aids and the programmer,
between the two hearing aids, and
between your patient and the world
Seamless interfaces
82. The impaired system…
Threshold
elevation
Loudness
Recruitment
Reduced
Frequency
Selectivity
Reduced Temporal
Discrimination
Hard to hear in
quiet
Hard to be
comfortable
Hard to hear in
noise
Hard to hear in
noise and real
rooms
83. The world of sound… interfaces
Personal communication
Cell phones
Personal listening devices
Computers
Television
Airplanes
84. Challenges for the clinician
Measure SPL at the eardrum
Choose a valid, reliable outcome measure
Remember: feedback, occlusion problems, and
loudness comfort are still the top three reasons for
individuals rejecting hearing aids
Batteries and moisture continue to be a problem for
patients
Re-structure your time so customization is part of
your activities
Embrace new developments while following an
evidence based approach
Provide the rehabilitation that makes the person an
active participant
Include hearing protection in everything you do