The most important objective of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of usage of Metakaolin in concrete. The researches will also focus on the potentiality of hybrid blending by Metakaolin and rice husk ash. The latter mineral incineration could reduce the demands for fossil and electrical energy, required for producing mono-blends with Metakaolin. The development of a sound technology requires investigating effects exerted by the mineral admixture on the strength of the cementitious materials. Replacement percentage has to be varied to that end and different accounts of mixing water have to be considered. Strength should be recorded at early age and in the more mature state of material. This paper represents the results of an experimental investigations carried out to find the suitability of Metakaolin (MK) only and Metakaolin with and without rice husk ash (RHA) in production of concrete. In this experimental study the effect of MK and RHA on strength of the concrete was studied, the referral concrete M30 was made using 53 Grade OPC and the other mixes were prepared by replacing part of OPC with MK and MK with RHA. The replacement levels were 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% up to 20% (by weight) for Metakaolin. Test results indicate that use of replacement cement by Metakaolin in concrete has improved performance of concrete up to 15% to 20%.

1. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2763
Issue 06, Volume 3 (June 2016) www.ijirae.com
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2015): 3.361 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
Index Copernicus 2014 = 6.57
© 2014- 16, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -1
A BRIEF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON METAKOLIN
ADMIXED CONCRETE WITH AND WITHOUT RICE
HUSK ASH
Mahendrakar Kiran Kumar1
and C.Rajamallu2
1
M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS, JNTUA University.
2
Head of Dept., Department of Civil Engineering, BITS, JNTUA University.
Abstract- The most important objective of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of usage of Metakaolin in concrete.
The researches will also focus on the potentiality of hybrid blending by Metakaolin and rice husk ash. The latter
mineral incineration could reduce the demands for fossil and electrical energy, required for producing mono-blends
with Metakaolin. The development of a sound technology requires investigating effects exerted by the mineral
admixture on the strength of the cementitious materials. Replacement percentage has to be varied to that end and
different accounts of mixing water have to be considered. Strength should be recorded at early age and in the more
mature state of material. This paper represents the results of an experimental investigations carried out to find the
suitability of Metakaolin (MK) only and Metakaolin with and without rice husk ash (RHA) in production of concrete.
In this experimental study the effect of MK and RHA on strength of the concrete was studied, the referral concrete
M30 was made using 53 Grade OPC and the other mixes were prepared by replacing part of OPC with MK and MK
with RHA. The replacement levels were 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% up to 20% (by weight) for Metakaolin. Test results
indicate that use of replacement cement by Metakaolin in concrete has improved performance of concrete up to 15%
to 20%.
Keywords: Ettringite, Metakaolin, CSH-Gel, Interfacial Transition Zone, Roofplast:sp-45.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sustainable construction practices necessitate a review of the current construction practices, including prevailing
techniques and sources of raw materials. Waste materials and by-products that in the past have received little or no
attention such as “Rice husk ash” & “Metakaolin” require further consideration. Supplementary cementitious materials
(SCMs) have been widely used all over the world in concrete due to their economic and environmental benefits.
Metakaolin is also one of such non conventional material which can be utilized beneficially in the construction industry.
Metalaolin(MK) is a relative alumino-silicate pozzolan formed by burning purified kaolin or kaolinite clays at a specific
temperature range and by grinding it to a high fineness. Metakaolin can be combined with calcium hydroxide to form
hydrates. This contributes to improving properties of mortar and concrete. The reaction capacity of Metakaolin depends
mainly on its mineral composition, on the raw kaolin source and on the conditions of production. With regard to
workability and setting time, both metakaolins examined generally required more superplasticizer to achieve adequate
concrete workability. Metakaolin is usually considered as a replacement for Portland cement, at a proportion of 8% to
20% of the weight of cement. Finally the entire paper represents the study of: The Effects exerted by the water to binder
ratio on the strength of paste and mortar blended with Metakaolin; effects exerted by the Metakaolin content on strength
properties of concrete; The effects of a joint MK and RHA content, replacing an equal portion by mass of the Portland
cement, on some rheological and strength properties of mortar and concrete.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Door Dihn Dau VU et.al., Engineer Technologist Hanoi Polytechnic Viyatnam. Studies carried out on “Combined effect
of Rice Husk Ash & Metakaolin: Strength properties of Metakolin blended paste and Mortor and concrete concludes that,
with regard to workability and setting time, both Metakaolins examined generally required more superplasticizer to
achieve adequate concrete workability. The finer Metakaolin caused the greatest reductions in workability, Metakaolin
also shortened setting time of pastes by 35- 50% as compared to controls and 10-30% as compared to companion silica
fume mixtures at the same Water cement. Greater shrinkage, both chemical and autogenous, was observed in mixtures
containing SCMs as compared to ordinary cement and concrete control mixtures. MK235 mixtures showed the greatest
chemical shrinkage, while MK mixtures showed the greatest autogenous shrinkage. Increased concrete strength, as
compared to control and silica fume mixtures, was measured for concretes produced with both Metakaolins. The finer
metakaolin, yielded the highest compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, Metakaolins also yielded increased
elastic moduli relative to controls. The positive influence of the Metakaolin fineness was more apparent at lower Water
cement ratio.

2. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2763
Issue 06, Volume 3 (June 2016) www.ijirae.com
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IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2015): 3.361 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
Index Copernicus 2014 = 6.57
© 2014- 16, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -2
With regard to the durability tests reported here, concretes produced with Metakaolin at 8% by mass cement exhibited
reduced permeability, The coarser metakaolin produced greater reductions in permeability, yielding Coulomb values in
the very low or low range for all water cement ratio. In general, the finer Metkaolin seemed more effective in enhancing
concrete mechanical performance, while the coarser Metakaolin seemed more effective in improving concrete durability.
P.Muthupriya’s Investigation on Behavior of High Performance Reinforced Concrete Columns with Metakaolin
and Fly Ash as Admixture concludes that Use of metakaolin and flyash is necessary in the production of high
performance concrete due to lower binder ratio and better hydration of cement particles, The compressive strength mainly
depends on Metakaolin because of excellent pozzolanic properties to produce high strength concrete.
II. RESEARCH METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
Obviously, the strength of mortar and concrete is intimately related to the strength of the hardened cement paste. The
cement hydration products in the form of crystalline matter and gel govern these important properties. Strength of the
maturing paste will vary with the type of binder used, with mixture proportions, and with the hydration conditions. The
gel helps to maintain continuity in the hardening concrete by filling space between discrete elements on different
structural levels. This holds for the crystalline matter on micro-level, as well as for the aggregate grains on meso-level. In
preserving continuity, the internal bonding capacity is provided on which strength is relying. Several test methods are in
use for the assessment of strength properties, i.e.: Direct test method, indirect test method, and Test method based on
wave propagation.
To assess mechanism of cement blending with Metakaolin and Rice Husk Ash underlying the strength of cement and
concrete, it is necessary to determine physic-chemical properties in terms of composition and structure formed during the
hardening process. This is complicated and time-consuming. Therefore, the direct method has been selected as major
approach to determining strength in this study. Other methods have been used in a supplementary way for illustrating
results obtained by the direct approach.
A. PROPORTIONING DETAILS
Taking previous studies into consideration, work was carried out to know the mechanical properties of Concrete using
Rice husk ash and Metakaolin represented by MRA mix and concrete with only metakolin represented as M mix as ac
ement replacing sustainable cementious material. The study includes investigation of the compressive strength, split
tensile strength, elasticity modulus, flexural strength of concrete and the compressive strength of cement for percentage
replacement of cement by metakaolin and rice husk ash. In this study the cement were replaced to an extent of 40%
varying the percentage of MK and RHA by different proportions as shown in the table below with the Grade of concrete
(mix) chosen for the study was M30. The follow table shows the “% of Replacement of cement”.
MIX PROPORTION OF CONCRETE WITH METAKOLIN AND RICE HUSK ASH
GROUP MIX % OF METAKAOLIN(MK) % OF RICE HUSK ASH(RHA) % OF CEMENT
M0 0 0 100
40M1 10 0 90
70M2 12.5 0 87.5
110M3 15 0 85
150M4 17.5 0 82.5
100M5 20 0 80
85MRA1 10 10 80
54MRA2 12.5 12.5 75
40MRA3 15 15 70
50MRA4 17.5 17.5 65
60MRA5 20 20 60
50
MIX PROPORTION OF CONCRETE WITH METAKAOLIN
Ingredients C M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Cement(kg/m3
) 437.78 394 383 372.11 361.17 350.22
Metakaolin(kg/m3
) - 43.78 54.72 65.67 76.61 87.56

3. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2763
Issue 06, Volume 3 (June 2016) www.ijirae.com
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2015): 3.361 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
Index Copernicus 2014 = 6.57
© 2014- 16, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -3
Water(kg/m3
) 193.3 193.3 193.3 193.3 193.3 193.3
Fine aggregate (kg/m3
) 644.65 644.65 644.65 644.65 644.65 644.65
Coarse aggregate(kg/m3
) 1106.03 1106.03 1106.03 1106.03 1106.03 1106.03
MIX PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE WITH MK & RHA
Ingredients MRA1 MRA2 MRA3 MRA4 MRA5
Cement(kg/m3
) 437.78 350.22 328.34 306.44 284.56 262.66
Metakaolin(kg/m3
) - 43.78 54.72 65.67 76.61 87.56
Water(kg/m3
) 193.3 193.3 193.3 193.3 193.3 193.3
Fine aggregate (kg/m3
) 644.65 644.65 644.65 644.65 644.65 644.65
Coarse aggregate(kg/m3
) 1106.03 1106.03 1106.03 1106.03 1106.03 1106.03
Rice husk ash - 43.78 54.72 65.67 76.61 87.56
B. MATERIALS INVESTIGATION
Cement: In the present work, ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade Birla Super conforming to IS 12269:1987 has been
used. The quantity of Cement is selected as 400 kilogram per cubic meter of Concrete; Rice Husk Ash: Rice Husk ash was
having specific gravity of this RHA is 2.10. Fine & Coarse Aggregate: Confirms to the specifications of IS 383: 1970
for graded aggregates and specific gravity; Roofplast SP45: product is known for their early strength, super plasticizer
and water reducing admixture. The standards as per which our product is available complies with IS 9103-99, BS-5075
Part 3, ASTM-C-494 and Type G. Metakaolin: Physical properties of Metakaolin as follows.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METAKAOLIN
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METAKAOLIN (MASS %)
Appearance
Cream ivory
powder
SiO2 52. 0
Bulk density(gm/cm) 0.416 Al2O3 46. 0
Specific gravity(gm/cm) 4.2 to 4.4 Fe2O3 0. 60
Moisture on board @ 105c% 0.6 TiO2 0. 65
Loss of ignition% 0.8 CaO 0. 09
Sieve residue on 350 mesh Nil MgO 0. 03
Particle size analysis (Sedigraph) d 50 3.20 microns Na2O 0. 10
C. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
RESULTS
MIX
AT FRESH STAGE AT HARDENED STAGE
Compaction
factor
Slump
value(mm)
Compressive
strength of
Cubes(N/mm2
) at
28 days
Compressive
strength of
Cylinders
28days
Split Tensile
Strength(N/mm2
)
28 days
C 87 40 37.04 36.5
2.79
2.79
2.79MK (10%) 89 70 42 44.2 2.9
MK(12.5%) 89.7 110 46.78 47 3.01
MK(15%) 97.7 150 51.56 49.6 3.04
MK(17.5%) 85.6 100 48.53 48.1 3
MK(20%) 90 85 45.49 46.6 2.95
MK&RHA(10%) 80.5 54 34.67 48.3 2.81

4. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2763
Issue 06, Volume 3 (June 2016) www.ijirae.com
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2015): 3.361 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
Index Copernicus 2014 = 6.57
© 2014- 16, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -4
MK&RHA(12.5%) 85.3 40 36.70 43.5 2.86
MK&RHA(15%) 79.5 50 34.44 45.7 2.97
MK&RHA(17.5%) 90 60 33.33 42 2.95
MK&RHA(20%) 86.5 50 32 40.56 2.83
DISCUSSIONS
The compressive strength, split tensile strength & Elasticity modulus for M30 concrete of M3 for 28 days is higher than
the other proportions, The compressive strength increases up to 15% of Metakaolin with concrete and additional
replacement more than 17.5% replacement percentage decreases the compressive strength; Rice husk in concrete reduces
the strength comparing with normal concrete, to compensate this reduction in compressive strength of 12.5% rise husk
mixed concrete, Metakaolin is to be effectively used up to 12.5%, from the review of literature available from previous
researchers The replacement of rice husk ash and Metakoline in concrete mix reduces workability for countering this
reduction in workability of concrete mix it is must to utilize the Super plasticizer.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHINMPa
Graph showing the Compressive Strength Test Results
on Concrete Cubes of Standard size
C M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
MR
A1
MR
A2
MR
A3
MR
A4
MR
A5
SPLIT TENSILE
STRENGTH
2.79 2.9 3.01 3.04 3 2.95 2.81 2.86 2.97 2.95 2.83
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
2.85
2.9
2.95
3
3.05
3.1
SplitTensileStrengthinMpa
Graph showing SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH Test Results
on Standard Size Cylinders

5. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2763
Issue 06, Volume 3 (June 2016) www.ijirae.com
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2015): 3.361 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
Index Copernicus 2014 = 6.57
© 2014- 16, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -5
But whenever the Metakaolin only used in the concrete it is possible to get the desired workability upto percentage of
15% which is observed from M3 mix. The compressive strength for M1 concrete is 42 Mpa for 28 days. The compressive
strength of MRA mix decreases comparing with Metakaolin concrete. The split tensile strength for M1 concrete is 2.9
Mpa. The higher strength may be attributed to content of Metakaolin up to increment of Metakaolin up to 15% like 3.04
Mpa which is observed from M3mix. The compressive strength for M3 concrete is 51.56 Mpa for 28 days respectively.
The split tensile strength for M3 concrete is3.04mpa; The decrease in strength with respect to M5 canbe attributed to
increase in the percentage of Metakaolin . The maximum elasticity modulus for M3 concrete is 1000mpa for 28 days.
The elasticity of modulus of mix with rice husk ash MRA3.
III.CONCLUSIONS
Foremost objective of this study is thus realization of a sound technology providing significant economic benefits.
Additionally, sustainability is promotion, The usage of Metakaolin in concrete is highly improves the strength, the results
carried out the strength in 28 days; Metakaolin and rice husk ash mix reduces the workability, From the above results, it
can be concluded that Metakaolin and rice husk ash can be effectively used in concrete;
The inclusion of Metakaolin has desirable effect on concrete mechanical properties which is comparable to normal
concrete. The usage of MK and RHA in concrete as cement replacement materials will lessen the CO2 being emitted
during its manufacture and acts as a eco-friendly material reducing the Green house effect, Incorporation of these
materials in cement helps in making it more economical.
REFERENCES
[1]. Door Dihn Dau VU et.al. Engineer Technologist Hanoi Polytechnic viyatnam. Studies carried out on “Combined
effect of Rice Husk Ash & Metakaolin:Strength properties of metakolin blended paste and mortor and concrete”.
[2]. P.Muthupriya International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology “Investigation on behaviour of high
performance reinforced concrete columns with metakaolin and fly ash as admixture”.
[3]. Dr.K.Srinivasu, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3, Issue
7, July 2014, “A Review on Use of Metakaolin in Cement Mortar and Concrete”.
[4]. Dr.D.V.Prasada Rao, Volume 7, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2016, “Effect of Nano-Silica On Concrete Containing
Metakaolin”.
AUTHORS
Mahendrakar Kiran Kumar is from the India. He received the Bachelor in Civil Engineering degree from the GPREC
Kurnool, He is currently pursuing the M.Tech degree in JNTUA affiliated college. His research interests include
Concrete Technology and Framed Structures.
C.Rajamallu is from the India. He currently Head of the Department of Civil Engineering at Bheema Institute of
Technolgy and Sciences, Adoni. He obtained his Masters degree Osmania University of A.P. His research papers very
help full for the students who are interested in Concrete. His research interests include Ground water resources,
Irrigation structures.