This presentation investigates the role of forest structure in limiting the achievement of harvest and/or revenue goals of forest management. Results show that some spatial arrangements of stands suffer much greater reductions in goal achievement than others. Some means of ameliorating the reductions is also given.
Achievement Goal Orientationacross Gender and Ethnicityin a Community College Honors Program
Differences in achievement goal orientation were examined in this survey across gender and ethnicity among high ability students participating in a community college honors program. Students in the program completed the Achievement Goal Questionnaire–Revised. Participants’ mean scores for mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance were higher, but not significant, in comparison to mean scores for both performance-approach and performance-avoidance goal orientations. Results indicate that there were no main effects for gender or ethnicity on achievement goal orientation. Additionally, results suggest that high ability students who choose to participate in a community college honors program are similar in their adoption of achievement goal orientation. Future research may explore differences in goal orientation between high ability students who participate in honors programs and those who choose to opt out of such undergraduate experiences.
The document summarizes a study that examined whether achievement goal orientation predicts participation in a community college honors program. Specifically, it administered the Achievement Goal Questionnaire - Revised to 398 high-ability students, 120 of whom were in the honors program. Principal component analysis revealed four factors that were similar but not identical to the established 2x2 achievement goal framework. Logistic regression found no evidence that goal orientation accurately predicted honors program participation. The implications discussed exploring other predictive factors and refining the goal orientation model.
The document discusses various techniques for achieving goals such as PERT, CPM, Gantt charts, balanced scorecards, and delegation, planning, and scheduling. It emphasizes the importance of setting SMART goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-based. Various examples are provided to illustrate concepts like critical paths, Gantt charts, delegation steps, and time management matrices.
Maximising ROI and User Experience with Outdoor Small Cells: AirspanSmall Cell Forum
This document discusses how outdoor small cells from Airspan can maximize ROI and user experience. It provides examples showing how Airspan's small cell solutions can improve spectral efficiency over traditional macro deployments, increase throughput both downlink and uplink, and decongest macro networks by moving cell edge customers to small cells. A case study found that deploying Airspan small cells provided better coverage than TDD macro infill sites while improving capacity over 40% and saving over 80% on CAPEX in a dense urban area. In conclusion, the document discusses how Airspan's solutions can maximize spectrum assets, revolutionize total cost of ownership, and increase efficiency of existing macro networks.
This document summarizes a public presentation about a 79GHz PMCW radar system-on-chip. Key points:
- The research investigates using nanoscale CMOS technology for 79GHz radar systems, which could enable cost-effective high-volume production and integration of large digital processing.
- A new phase-modulated continuous wave radar detection concept is introduced that is well-suited for CMOS integration.
- The presented 79GHz PMCW radar SoC implements all radar functions including phased-array transceivers, ADCs, and a digital correlator on a single 3x2.63mm die using 28nm CMOS technology.
Kevin Kraus, Saint Francis University Environmental Engineering Department, “...Michael Hewitt, GISP
Ancient technology that found its roots in the Catalan Forge in Spain, has seen a revival in recent years to treat acid mine drainage. This technology harnesses the power of hydraulics and hydrology by passively compressing air via the use of falling water, using no moving parts. A group of recently-graduated students from Saint Francis University have done extensive research in attempt to procure sizing guidance and parameters for the installation of this passive technology.
DMUG 2016 - Scott Hamilton, Ricardo Energy & EnvironmentIES / IAQM
This presentation discusses using the CALPUFF model to assess odour impacts from a manufacturing facility. It describes the methodology used, which included modeling meteorology with WRF and CALMET, running CALPUFF simulations for different stack parameters, and comparing results to a Warren Springs model. The modeling showed that increasing the stack height from 14m to 30m significantly reduced odor concentrations on and near the site. A design value of 60,000 odor units per second was estimated to prevent complaints at nearby properties. The agreement between modeled and measured meteorology was good.
Achievement Goal Orientationacross Gender and Ethnicityin a Community College Honors Program
Differences in achievement goal orientation were examined in this survey across gender and ethnicity among high ability students participating in a community college honors program. Students in the program completed the Achievement Goal Questionnaire–Revised. Participants’ mean scores for mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance were higher, but not significant, in comparison to mean scores for both performance-approach and performance-avoidance goal orientations. Results indicate that there were no main effects for gender or ethnicity on achievement goal orientation. Additionally, results suggest that high ability students who choose to participate in a community college honors program are similar in their adoption of achievement goal orientation. Future research may explore differences in goal orientation between high ability students who participate in honors programs and those who choose to opt out of such undergraduate experiences.
The document summarizes a study that examined whether achievement goal orientation predicts participation in a community college honors program. Specifically, it administered the Achievement Goal Questionnaire - Revised to 398 high-ability students, 120 of whom were in the honors program. Principal component analysis revealed four factors that were similar but not identical to the established 2x2 achievement goal framework. Logistic regression found no evidence that goal orientation accurately predicted honors program participation. The implications discussed exploring other predictive factors and refining the goal orientation model.
The document discusses various techniques for achieving goals such as PERT, CPM, Gantt charts, balanced scorecards, and delegation, planning, and scheduling. It emphasizes the importance of setting SMART goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-based. Various examples are provided to illustrate concepts like critical paths, Gantt charts, delegation steps, and time management matrices.
Maximising ROI and User Experience with Outdoor Small Cells: AirspanSmall Cell Forum
This document discusses how outdoor small cells from Airspan can maximize ROI and user experience. It provides examples showing how Airspan's small cell solutions can improve spectral efficiency over traditional macro deployments, increase throughput both downlink and uplink, and decongest macro networks by moving cell edge customers to small cells. A case study found that deploying Airspan small cells provided better coverage than TDD macro infill sites while improving capacity over 40% and saving over 80% on CAPEX in a dense urban area. In conclusion, the document discusses how Airspan's solutions can maximize spectrum assets, revolutionize total cost of ownership, and increase efficiency of existing macro networks.
This document summarizes a public presentation about a 79GHz PMCW radar system-on-chip. Key points:
- The research investigates using nanoscale CMOS technology for 79GHz radar systems, which could enable cost-effective high-volume production and integration of large digital processing.
- A new phase-modulated continuous wave radar detection concept is introduced that is well-suited for CMOS integration.
- The presented 79GHz PMCW radar SoC implements all radar functions including phased-array transceivers, ADCs, and a digital correlator on a single 3x2.63mm die using 28nm CMOS technology.
Kevin Kraus, Saint Francis University Environmental Engineering Department, “...Michael Hewitt, GISP
Ancient technology that found its roots in the Catalan Forge in Spain, has seen a revival in recent years to treat acid mine drainage. This technology harnesses the power of hydraulics and hydrology by passively compressing air via the use of falling water, using no moving parts. A group of recently-graduated students from Saint Francis University have done extensive research in attempt to procure sizing guidance and parameters for the installation of this passive technology.
DMUG 2016 - Scott Hamilton, Ricardo Energy & EnvironmentIES / IAQM
This presentation discusses using the CALPUFF model to assess odour impacts from a manufacturing facility. It describes the methodology used, which included modeling meteorology with WRF and CALMET, running CALPUFF simulations for different stack parameters, and comparing results to a Warren Springs model. The modeling showed that increasing the stack height from 14m to 30m significantly reduced odor concentrations on and near the site. A design value of 60,000 odor units per second was estimated to prevent complaints at nearby properties. The agreement between modeled and measured meteorology was good.
High throughput assessment of plant canopy in progressICRISAT
This document discusses the development of a high-throughput phenotyping platform at ICRISAT to evaluate important plant traits and "building blocks" related to yield under drought conditions. It describes moving from 2D to 3D imaging, testing technologies on various crops, designing the platform, and challenges with data analysis. The goal is to rapidly measure key traits like leaf area, water use, and responses to stress to advance breeding programs and understand crop adaptation in target environments. Continuous technology validation, multidisciplinary collaboration, and applying findings to crop models and breeding are emphasized.
Adaptive Phase 2 Design in Post Surgical PainCytel USA
This document describes a two-stage adaptive clinical trial design to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new drug for post-surgical pain. Stage A will test the drug against placebo and an active control. Stage B will use a maximizing adaptive dose-finding design to estimate the dose with the optimal balance of efficacy and tolerability based on a clinical utility function. Simulation results show this design can accurately estimate the target dose with maximum utility while minimizing patients assigned to less effective or intolerable doses.
EUGM 2014 | BOLOGNESE | Case Studies of Phase 2 Adaptive Dose-Finding TrialsCytel USA
This document describes a two-stage adaptive clinical trial design to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new drug for post-surgical pain. Stage A will test the drug against placebo and an active control. Stage B will use a maximizing adaptive dose-finding design to estimate the dose with the optimal balance of efficacy and tolerability based on a clinical utility function. Simulation results show this design can accurately estimate the target dose with maximum utility while minimizing patients assigned to less effective or intolerable doses.
The document provides technical specifications for the Fronius Galvo series of solar inverters. The Galvo inverters range in power output from 1.5 kW to 3.1 kW, making them suitable for small household solar systems. They feature integrated energy management and data logging capabilities. Tables list the Galvo inverters' input/output electrical specifications, efficiency ratings, interfaces, and certifications.
Bacharach's Multi-Zone delivers the best refrigerant leak detection available, with industry-leading MDL of 1ppm for halogenated gases, the fastest sampling frequency and the widest range of refrigerants accurately detected. The large graphic LCD display and LED status indicators provide a system-wide overview at a glance.
The Multi-Zone enhances effective refrigerant management, detecting leaks early to enable cost savings by reducing refrigerant recharge, enhancing energy efficiency and reducing risk of refrigeration failure and produce loss. A variety of communication interfaces are available including Modbus, BACnet and LonWorks, allowing easy integration into BMS/BAS systems and remote monitoring solutions.
As Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) moves into the mainstream, hear the latest research on WMA performance from the respected National Center for Asphalt Technology, which puts various pavement technologies to the test under live traffic on a test track in Alabama.
Kieran Laxen - Assessing the impacts of short-term power generation - DMUG17IES / IAQM
An unapologetically technical conference, DMUG remains the key annual event for experts in this field. Unmissable speakers will be examining topical issues in emissions, exposure and dispersion modelling.
This document provides an outline and summary of a presentation on the concept development of a compact DEMO fusion reactor. It discusses:
1. JAERI's approach to compact reactor design, focusing on the VECTOR concept which aims to reduce the toroidal field coil weight through a low aspect ratio of around 2.3 and removal of the central solenoid.
2. Three DEMO reactor options under consideration at JAERI - a CS-less option, one with a slim CS, and one with a full-sized CS - exploring the tradeoffs between reactor size and technical/engineering feasibility.
3. Key parameters in reactor design like aspect ratio, plasma radius, toroidal field
XRF Based &Multi-Metals & Continuous Water Analyzer Xact920European Tech Serv
Process monitoring – feedback for water treatment may improve the efficiency of the treatment process – use fewer chemicals to achieve require effluent emission limits
Measurement of Se, As for compliance with Steam Electric Generating Effluent Guidelines
Monitoring of treatment of wastewater by biological based treatment systems
Measurement of Corrosion Products (e.g. Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn) to improve operating efficiency
Measurement of Elements in Nuclear Power Plant Applications (e.g. Pb, Cu, Fe)
Reduce laboratory analysis costs
Vapor Combustor Improvement Project LinkedIn Presentation February 2016Tim Krimmel, MEM
This document presents a vapor combustor/flare system improvement project for Baker Hughes Chemical Facility. It describes the development of a nonlinear programming model in Excel to analyze the vapor system's performance over changing variables. Field data was collected from pressure transmitters and flowmeters to validate the model. A meeting with plant engineers helped determine production risk probabilities and vapor stream loadings to apply in a Monte Carlo simulation. The model was validated by comparing its descriptive statistics to field data statistics. The goal is to systematically analyze the system and propose solutions to improve performance using modeling, simulation, and data.
The document describes the Fronius Primo series of single-phase inverters for photovoltaic systems. The Primo inverters are available in power categories from 3.0 to 8.2 kW and feature a transformerless design, integrated data communication capabilities, and a mounting system that makes installation and maintenance easy. The communication package included provides connectivity, energy management functions, and interfaces that make the Primo suitable for owner-occupied homes seeking optimized energy management.
This document is Patrick Mead's design portfolio, which includes summaries of his PCB designs, chip designs, and training. It contains sections on FR4 boards, ceramic boards, chip designs, and summaries of his training including a Bachelor's degree in electronics engineering technology and various software certifications.
In today's technology-driven business, High-Speed Digital (HDI) has become more and more in demand. Bringing with it the demand for electrical and thermal performance, along with sequential lamination. To achieve this demand, the performance and reliability of the material have become much more important.
Tachyon-100G laminate materials are designed for very high-speed digital applications. Tachyon-100G materials exhibit exceptional electrical properties that are very stable over a broad frequency and temperature range between -55°C and +125°C up to 100 GHz and have proven to pass 10x lamination cycles.
In this webinar, Isola Director of High-Performance Products Michael Gay presents Tachyon-100G, highlighting the product offering and properties, and focusing on key performance attributes, product comparison, electrical performance, lamination, and more.
For more information on our printed circuit board solutions, visit https://www.epectec.com/pcb/.
Decommissioning and dismantling of the moata reactor a radiation protection ...Leishman Associates
The document summarizes the decommissioning and dismantling of the Moata reactor in Australia from 1995 to 2010. It involved the removal of internal components like the graphite moderator and beam lines (preliminary dismantling) and then cutting and removing the concrete shielding (biological shield dismantling). Radiation surveys were conducted to estimate doses, which were within regulatory limits. Protective equipment and monitoring were used to control exposures during dismantling work. Final surveys confirmed the site met clearance criteria with no detectable contamination remaining. The project was completed safely without exceeding dose estimates.
Process monitoring – feedback for water treatment may improve the efficiency of the treatment process – use fewer chemicals to achieve require effluent emission limits
Measurement of Se, As for compliance with Steam Electric Generating Effluent Guidelines
Monitoring of treatment of wastewater by biological based treatment systems
Measurement of Corrosion Products (e.g. Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn) to improve operating efficiency
Measurement of Elements in Nuclear Power Plant Applications (e.g. Pb, Cu, Fe)
Reduce laboratory analysis costs
Isa saint-louis-advanced-p h-short-course-day-2Jim Cahill
- Greg McMillan is a retired expert in pH measurement and control who has received numerous awards. He now works as a consultant.
- The document discusses various strategies for optimizing bioreactor control and pH neutralization systems, including ways to reduce reagent use and improve dynamics.
- It provides examples of using model predictive control and online adaptation to optimize an existing neutralization process and lower reagent consumption.
Mlb's seasonal snags; full storages, winter spreading, & other trying challen...BerksCounty
This document discusses challenges related to managing manure during the winter months in Pennsylvania. It provides an overview of regulations for manure management plans and nutrient management plans. Key points include: winter is defined as December 15 to February 28 or when ground is frozen or snow-covered; maximum application rates and setbacks during winter; consequences of overflowing manure storages including violations of the Clean Streams Law; and guidance for responding to an overflow including containment measures and notifying authorities.
This document discusses frac sand logistics and proppant transport in the Vaca Muerta shale basin in Argentina. It covers the evolution of proppant delivery systems from traditional pneumatic trucks to newer containerized systems. It also examines increasing well lengths and proppant intensities over time. Laboratory data is presented analyzing the properties of local frac sands used including crush resistance, sphericity, and sieve distributions. The document concludes with a discussion of improving proppant transport efficiency in the basin from less than 40% in early development to over 70% currently.
This document provides an evaluation of alternatives for upgrading sludge handling and biogas utilization at a water resource facility. It summarizes the background, objectives, alternatives considered, evaluation criteria, and conclusions and recommendations. Alternatives evaluated include using biogas to fuel boilers, internal combustion engines, microturbines, and fleet vehicles. The internal combustion engine option is recommended based on its superior flexibility and annual net savings compared to other options.
Dr. John Harvey, director, University of California Pavement Research Center, reviews the most recent research with regard to Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement during a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
This document summarizes Remsoft's 20 years of experience operationalizing analytics in forestry planning. Key points:
- Remsoft has evolved from a small software vendor to a solutions provider helping clients with short-term operational planning problems.
- Operationalizing analytics involves making optimization tools accessible to non-experts through collaborative problem definition, reusable workflows, and fast turnaround of models.
- Remsoft is working with Coillte, the Irish forestry board, on an operational planning solution using Remsoft technologies to schedule harvest crews while meeting resource and delivery demands.
- Critical technologies developed over 20 years like Woodstock, the Allocation Optimizer, and model publishing capabilities now enable Remsoft's
The document discusses operationalizing analytics and Remsoft's 20 years of experience in this area. It describes operationalizing analytics as requiring a collaborative environment, reliable architecture, and repeatable processes. It outlines Remsoft's solutions over time for clients like Coillte, including optimization engines, integration with databases and models, and an interface in Excel. Lessons learned include the need to stay ahead of trends in technology and data and provide flexible modeling environments. Remsoft offers educational partnerships with discounted or free software access.
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High throughput assessment of plant canopy in progressICRISAT
This document discusses the development of a high-throughput phenotyping platform at ICRISAT to evaluate important plant traits and "building blocks" related to yield under drought conditions. It describes moving from 2D to 3D imaging, testing technologies on various crops, designing the platform, and challenges with data analysis. The goal is to rapidly measure key traits like leaf area, water use, and responses to stress to advance breeding programs and understand crop adaptation in target environments. Continuous technology validation, multidisciplinary collaboration, and applying findings to crop models and breeding are emphasized.
Adaptive Phase 2 Design in Post Surgical PainCytel USA
This document describes a two-stage adaptive clinical trial design to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new drug for post-surgical pain. Stage A will test the drug against placebo and an active control. Stage B will use a maximizing adaptive dose-finding design to estimate the dose with the optimal balance of efficacy and tolerability based on a clinical utility function. Simulation results show this design can accurately estimate the target dose with maximum utility while minimizing patients assigned to less effective or intolerable doses.
EUGM 2014 | BOLOGNESE | Case Studies of Phase 2 Adaptive Dose-Finding TrialsCytel USA
This document describes a two-stage adaptive clinical trial design to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new drug for post-surgical pain. Stage A will test the drug against placebo and an active control. Stage B will use a maximizing adaptive dose-finding design to estimate the dose with the optimal balance of efficacy and tolerability based on a clinical utility function. Simulation results show this design can accurately estimate the target dose with maximum utility while minimizing patients assigned to less effective or intolerable doses.
The document provides technical specifications for the Fronius Galvo series of solar inverters. The Galvo inverters range in power output from 1.5 kW to 3.1 kW, making them suitable for small household solar systems. They feature integrated energy management and data logging capabilities. Tables list the Galvo inverters' input/output electrical specifications, efficiency ratings, interfaces, and certifications.
Bacharach's Multi-Zone delivers the best refrigerant leak detection available, with industry-leading MDL of 1ppm for halogenated gases, the fastest sampling frequency and the widest range of refrigerants accurately detected. The large graphic LCD display and LED status indicators provide a system-wide overview at a glance.
The Multi-Zone enhances effective refrigerant management, detecting leaks early to enable cost savings by reducing refrigerant recharge, enhancing energy efficiency and reducing risk of refrigeration failure and produce loss. A variety of communication interfaces are available including Modbus, BACnet and LonWorks, allowing easy integration into BMS/BAS systems and remote monitoring solutions.
As Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) moves into the mainstream, hear the latest research on WMA performance from the respected National Center for Asphalt Technology, which puts various pavement technologies to the test under live traffic on a test track in Alabama.
Kieran Laxen - Assessing the impacts of short-term power generation - DMUG17IES / IAQM
An unapologetically technical conference, DMUG remains the key annual event for experts in this field. Unmissable speakers will be examining topical issues in emissions, exposure and dispersion modelling.
This document provides an outline and summary of a presentation on the concept development of a compact DEMO fusion reactor. It discusses:
1. JAERI's approach to compact reactor design, focusing on the VECTOR concept which aims to reduce the toroidal field coil weight through a low aspect ratio of around 2.3 and removal of the central solenoid.
2. Three DEMO reactor options under consideration at JAERI - a CS-less option, one with a slim CS, and one with a full-sized CS - exploring the tradeoffs between reactor size and technical/engineering feasibility.
3. Key parameters in reactor design like aspect ratio, plasma radius, toroidal field
XRF Based &Multi-Metals & Continuous Water Analyzer Xact920European Tech Serv
Process monitoring – feedback for water treatment may improve the efficiency of the treatment process – use fewer chemicals to achieve require effluent emission limits
Measurement of Se, As for compliance with Steam Electric Generating Effluent Guidelines
Monitoring of treatment of wastewater by biological based treatment systems
Measurement of Corrosion Products (e.g. Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn) to improve operating efficiency
Measurement of Elements in Nuclear Power Plant Applications (e.g. Pb, Cu, Fe)
Reduce laboratory analysis costs
Vapor Combustor Improvement Project LinkedIn Presentation February 2016Tim Krimmel, MEM
This document presents a vapor combustor/flare system improvement project for Baker Hughes Chemical Facility. It describes the development of a nonlinear programming model in Excel to analyze the vapor system's performance over changing variables. Field data was collected from pressure transmitters and flowmeters to validate the model. A meeting with plant engineers helped determine production risk probabilities and vapor stream loadings to apply in a Monte Carlo simulation. The model was validated by comparing its descriptive statistics to field data statistics. The goal is to systematically analyze the system and propose solutions to improve performance using modeling, simulation, and data.
The document describes the Fronius Primo series of single-phase inverters for photovoltaic systems. The Primo inverters are available in power categories from 3.0 to 8.2 kW and feature a transformerless design, integrated data communication capabilities, and a mounting system that makes installation and maintenance easy. The communication package included provides connectivity, energy management functions, and interfaces that make the Primo suitable for owner-occupied homes seeking optimized energy management.
This document is Patrick Mead's design portfolio, which includes summaries of his PCB designs, chip designs, and training. It contains sections on FR4 boards, ceramic boards, chip designs, and summaries of his training including a Bachelor's degree in electronics engineering technology and various software certifications.
In today's technology-driven business, High-Speed Digital (HDI) has become more and more in demand. Bringing with it the demand for electrical and thermal performance, along with sequential lamination. To achieve this demand, the performance and reliability of the material have become much more important.
Tachyon-100G laminate materials are designed for very high-speed digital applications. Tachyon-100G materials exhibit exceptional electrical properties that are very stable over a broad frequency and temperature range between -55°C and +125°C up to 100 GHz and have proven to pass 10x lamination cycles.
In this webinar, Isola Director of High-Performance Products Michael Gay presents Tachyon-100G, highlighting the product offering and properties, and focusing on key performance attributes, product comparison, electrical performance, lamination, and more.
For more information on our printed circuit board solutions, visit https://www.epectec.com/pcb/.
Decommissioning and dismantling of the moata reactor a radiation protection ...Leishman Associates
The document summarizes the decommissioning and dismantling of the Moata reactor in Australia from 1995 to 2010. It involved the removal of internal components like the graphite moderator and beam lines (preliminary dismantling) and then cutting and removing the concrete shielding (biological shield dismantling). Radiation surveys were conducted to estimate doses, which were within regulatory limits. Protective equipment and monitoring were used to control exposures during dismantling work. Final surveys confirmed the site met clearance criteria with no detectable contamination remaining. The project was completed safely without exceeding dose estimates.
Process monitoring – feedback for water treatment may improve the efficiency of the treatment process – use fewer chemicals to achieve require effluent emission limits
Measurement of Se, As for compliance with Steam Electric Generating Effluent Guidelines
Monitoring of treatment of wastewater by biological based treatment systems
Measurement of Corrosion Products (e.g. Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn) to improve operating efficiency
Measurement of Elements in Nuclear Power Plant Applications (e.g. Pb, Cu, Fe)
Reduce laboratory analysis costs
Isa saint-louis-advanced-p h-short-course-day-2Jim Cahill
- Greg McMillan is a retired expert in pH measurement and control who has received numerous awards. He now works as a consultant.
- The document discusses various strategies for optimizing bioreactor control and pH neutralization systems, including ways to reduce reagent use and improve dynamics.
- It provides examples of using model predictive control and online adaptation to optimize an existing neutralization process and lower reagent consumption.
Mlb's seasonal snags; full storages, winter spreading, & other trying challen...BerksCounty
This document discusses challenges related to managing manure during the winter months in Pennsylvania. It provides an overview of regulations for manure management plans and nutrient management plans. Key points include: winter is defined as December 15 to February 28 or when ground is frozen or snow-covered; maximum application rates and setbacks during winter; consequences of overflowing manure storages including violations of the Clean Streams Law; and guidance for responding to an overflow including containment measures and notifying authorities.
This document discusses frac sand logistics and proppant transport in the Vaca Muerta shale basin in Argentina. It covers the evolution of proppant delivery systems from traditional pneumatic trucks to newer containerized systems. It also examines increasing well lengths and proppant intensities over time. Laboratory data is presented analyzing the properties of local frac sands used including crush resistance, sphericity, and sieve distributions. The document concludes with a discussion of improving proppant transport efficiency in the basin from less than 40% in early development to over 70% currently.
This document provides an evaluation of alternatives for upgrading sludge handling and biogas utilization at a water resource facility. It summarizes the background, objectives, alternatives considered, evaluation criteria, and conclusions and recommendations. Alternatives evaluated include using biogas to fuel boilers, internal combustion engines, microturbines, and fleet vehicles. The internal combustion engine option is recommended based on its superior flexibility and annual net savings compared to other options.
Dr. John Harvey, director, University of California Pavement Research Center, reviews the most recent research with regard to Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement during a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Similar to Forest Structure & Spatial Restrictions: Interactions & How They Affect Harvest Goal Achievement (20)
This document summarizes Remsoft's 20 years of experience operationalizing analytics in forestry planning. Key points:
- Remsoft has evolved from a small software vendor to a solutions provider helping clients with short-term operational planning problems.
- Operationalizing analytics involves making optimization tools accessible to non-experts through collaborative problem definition, reusable workflows, and fast turnaround of models.
- Remsoft is working with Coillte, the Irish forestry board, on an operational planning solution using Remsoft technologies to schedule harvest crews while meeting resource and delivery demands.
- Critical technologies developed over 20 years like Woodstock, the Allocation Optimizer, and model publishing capabilities now enable Remsoft's
The document discusses operationalizing analytics and Remsoft's 20 years of experience in this area. It describes operationalizing analytics as requiring a collaborative environment, reliable architecture, and repeatable processes. It outlines Remsoft's solutions over time for clients like Coillte, including optimization engines, integration with databases and models, and an interface in Excel. Lessons learned include the need to stay ahead of trends in technology and data and provide flexible modeling environments. Remsoft offers educational partnerships with discounted or free software access.
This document discusses optimal scheduling of silvicultural activities across tree farm hierarchies. It is a complex problem that requires coordinating multiple activities like planting, fertilizing, and equipment allocation over long planning horizons. The document presents a highly simplified example of assigning equipment and workers from nearby towns to plantations to maximize area planted within time and resource constraints. It also provides examples of how this problem can be formulated and scheduled in Woodstock syntax using prescriptions, sequences, and accounting variables.
This study examines the impact of age class aggregation on harvest schedule models. It compares results from linear programming models using annual age classes to those using aggregated age classes. The study finds that models using aggregated age classes consistently show higher predicted harvest volumes compared to models with annual age classes. This is due to assumptions made when using aggregated age classes about initial stand age and timing of harvests within planning periods. The study aims to provide insights into potential biases introduced by age class aggregation that forest planners should be aware of.
In this article, I will explore these the stumpage-price and delivered-priced harvest scheduling models, first by delving into the mechanics involved in building them, and then by discussing their implications for managers. Of the two, a stumpage-price
model is the more common and easier model to formulate.
The difficulty faced in Champion's southeastern regions is that the majority of the forest land has been converted to large, uniform plantations that exceed the maximum opening size restrictions under S&S. In order to use the Remsoft blocking tools effectively, these large tracts need to be subdivided into smaller units. However, since the topography in the area is virtually flat with minimal variation in site quality, natural boundaries could not be used to subdivide plantations. Instead, a systematic method of subdivision had to be developed.
This paper describes Woodstock, a forest management modeling system that accommodates binary search, Monte Carlo simulation and linear programming based models within a single input file format. By employing a language interpreter approach to modeling, Woodstock enables the construction of forest models that can be analyzed using very different solution techniques with only minor changes in syntax.
Recently, member companies of the American Forest & Paper Association adopted guidelines for the management of their lands that impose significant challenges to harvest scheduling. In particular, foresters face difficulties not only in scheduling harvest blocks, but even in delineating them. The spatial forest-planning problem (SFPP) involves simultaneous allocation and scheduling of cells to form harvest blocks that meet adjacency, green-up and opening-size constraints. A preliminary investigation of simulated annealing and tabu search was made to test their suitability to the SFPP. Simulated annealing yielded better solutions and shorter execution times for a number of contrived but otherwise representative problems.
Member companies of the American Forest and Paper Association have adopted common operating principles called the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) that call for marked reductions in the size of clearcut harvest areas, green-up intervals and proximity restrictions on the harvest of adjacent areas. A commercially available hierarchical planning software suite is used to analyze the impacts of the adjacency and harvest size objectives within SFI on a representative forest of the U.S. southeast. Ten spatially feasible tactical plans were developed for a 15-year planning horizon and yielded harvest levels 24.4% to 26.6% lower than predicted in the non-spatial strategic harvest schedule. The best of these schedules yielded harvest volumes that came within 0.3% of optimum. Spatially feasible harvest levels were negatively affected by increasingly restrictive spatial parameters: the cost of increasing the green-up interval by one year was at least 5% of the strategic harvest volume, and reducing the maximum opening size from 180 acres to 60 acres yielded a 10% reduction in harvest. The planning software has been implemented at Champion International, providing planners with a valuable tool for strategic and tactical forest planning.
West Fork Timber Company (WFTC) is a private timber company that manages approximately 54,000 acres on the western slopes of the Cascade Mountains. West Fork's goal was to develop a long-term harvest plan that would improve asset value over time, while simultaneously ensuring that habitat requirements set forth in their Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) would be realized. The primary constraint set forth in the HCP is the maintenance of a unique Dispersal Landscape Index (DLI) within a narrow (+/- 5%) range of pre-determined levels for the life of the HCP. The DLI is derived by assigning different values to areas within specific distances of existing dispersal habitat (DH) in a complex formula; the dispersal habitat (DH) values are then summed and divided by the total number of acres in the forest to arrive at a DLI value for the ownership. This paper discusses DLI calculation and the challenges involved in modeling this problem, including the types of constraints needed in the strategic model, the spatial allocation of activities associated with existing and future stands in a Model II framework, and the development of a rapid DLI calculator to facilitate the evaluation of alternatives. Overall, West Fork was able to meet objective of higher returns from the forest while simultaneously demonstrating improvement in dispersal habitat over the next four decades.
The purpose of this project was to compare the current forest management planning process in New Brunswick with an alternative based largely on computer software tools. Two New Brunswick Crown Licenses were used as case studies: forest classification schemes, yield estimates and assumptions about forest dynamics used in the study were identical to those used by each of the participating Licensees in their respective forest planning models. However, Remsoft staff used Woodstock to develop a strategic forest management schedule, Crystal to generate potential harvest blocks and Block to develop a spatially feasible block harvest schedule.
Harvest blocking is a fundamental decision of timber management. The size, location and timing of harvest blocks directly affects the development and structure of the forest at the current time, but for future time periods as well. In developing automated blocking tools, we have found that obtaining the required adjacency and proximity information to implement these tools properly can be problematic. Part of the problem lies with semantics -- in general, we all know what is meant by adjacency and proximity. Depending on the task at hand (blocking versus scheduling) it takes some forethought about the relationships among stands to avoid adjacency and maximum opening size constraint violations.
This document describes a two-stage spatial forest planning system developed by Remsoft to help Champion International Corp. optimize harvest scheduling while complying with sustainability guidelines. Stage one uses linear programming to determine optimal harvest volumes over time. Stage two uses heuristics to allocate harvests to contiguous blocks that meet size, proximity, and green-up constraints, yielding near-optimal solutions within 15 minutes. The system provides satisfactory solutions for Champion's large, complex forests.
One of the most important yet commonly overlooked issues in harvest schedule modeling is age-class aggregation. Bias caused by aggregated age classes was first examined by Barber (1985). Since that time, Barber’s work has been widely cited as justification for assumptions made during model formulation. The applicability of his results to constrained linear programming harvest schedule models is unclear. A study was conducted to examine the relationship between aggregation assumptions and harvest volume, area, and average age bias in constrained linear programming models. Methods parallel those employed by Barber (1985), with changes reflecting the use of mathematical modeling as well as updated management practices. Results indicate that constrained harvest schedule models with aggregated age classes consistently exhibit positive volume bias relative to models with annual age classes. These results differ from Barber, who noted a bias toward underestimating harvest volume and indicate that extending Barber’s earlier work to constrained mathematical programming models should be approached with caution.
The document discusses new forest planning rules from the Forest Service that aim to streamline the national forest planning process. It summarizes key aspects of the new rules, including using an EMS framework, a 2-3 year planning process, and treating the allowable sale quantity as an upper bound rather than a requirement. It then discusses implications, including the need for auditing and measuring actions against plans. The document also presents an example forest planning problem modeled using goal programming to achieve goals like reducing fire risk while maintaining timber harvests.
The document summarizes a habitat conservation plan for managing timber lands to protect the northern spotted owl. It describes establishing reserves along streams and dispersal habitat for juvenile owls on the 53818 acre property. A dispersal landscape index model was developed to quantify dispersal habitat amounts and spatial distribution over time, ensuring the habitat exceeds targets in the conservation plan while maintaining economic viability of timber harvests. Strategic and tactical planning tools were used to develop a 150-year forest management plan maximizing financial returns while meeting dispersal habitat goals.
We evaulate the impact of measurement error on three components of a forest planning model: initial inventory, first period harvest and silvicultural activities chosen. Calculated initial inventory was off by as much as 15%, and significantly different objective function values and activity schedule also resulted.
2. Spatially explicit harvest scheduling
Stands are not spatially configured the way we would prefer them:
Stands are smaller than harvest blocks
Harvest blocks must exceed minimum size to be economical
Stands are larger than harvest blocks
Harvest blocks must not exceed some regulatory maximum opening size
Forest structure is too dispersed
Costs are minimized by harvesting large tracts in close proximity
Forest structure is too concentrated
Diversification of activities across a landscape is needed
Social and political limitations
Societal demands lead to legal remedies or self-regulation
Spatial restriction rules on opening size, adjacency, green-up
2
3. Stanley
Based on a hierarchical approach to planning
Solve strategic harvest schedule first
Allocate subset of harvest schedule tactically
Iterate as needed
Area-restriction model approach
Block configuration is not an input but part of solution
Heuristic solution methodology
3
4. Stanley input parameters
Opening size limitations on harvest blocks
Minimum feasible block size (economic considerations)=MINPARM
Maximum allowable block size (BMP’s, SFI, state law)=MAXPARM
Adjacency restrictions on harvest blocks
Minimum buffer distance (proximity to contemporary blocks)=PROX
Greenup (period to elapse before cutting adjacent block)=GREENUP
Adjustments to strategic plan for spatial feasibility
Deviations from strategic timing choices=TIMEDEV
% Variation relative to optimal flow profile=FLOWPARM
4
5. Stanley Input Parameters
FlowParm
Blue bars = strategic objective
Yellow bars = achieved volume
Maximum % variation is lowest
achieved % minus highest achieved %
5
6. Study Objectives
To quantify how forest structures interact with spatial restrictions
Why is there such variety in results in the literature?
Is there a reproducible metric that will predict how much of an impact
spatial restrictions will have in a given forest?
To gain a better understanding of the process so as to improve
implementation and/or affect policy
How much difference would it make to increase minimum block size
from 5ha to 10 ha? What is the impact of increasing the green-up
interval by 1 year?
Today, we will examine how GREENUP, PROX, TIMEDEV and
MINPARM together affect harvest level achievement
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7. Experimental Design
Forest structure
32,000 ha, uniform site quality, single species
Uniform age-class distribution (1-40), 800 ha each
Volume objective, non-declining flow constraint
Minimum harvest age = 19
Planning horizon
Strategic = 80 yrs, tactical = 15 yrs
Varied spatial distribution of stands
Square or hexagon grids
20 ha cells (1600 cells in a 40x40 grid of squares & hexagons)
5 ha cells (6400 cells in a 80x80 grid of squares)
7
19. SQ40C
Clustered age classes 11
Sensitivity to proximity
0.617
distance increases with greenup
9
interval
PROX
0.6
7 48
0.6
78
Relatively insensitive to 0.7
09
proximity at greenup = 3
5
0.7
39
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Relatively insensitive to timing GREENUP
choice deviations for smaller
minimum blocks 0.67
8
Deviations initially help by
13
allowing more area to be 11
TIMEDEV
harvested 9
Blocks become more 0.678
7
heterogeneous in composition 5
20 25 30 35
MINPARM
19
20. SQ40CS
Clustered, systematic age classes 11 0.458
Sensitivity to proximity distance
increases with greenup interval
9
0.
39
7
PROX
Sensitivity to proximity distance is 0.45
7 8
higher at short greenup intervals
0.51
8
0.57
9
5
than SQ40C 0.63
9
0.700
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
More sensitive to timing choice GREENUP
deviations for smaller minimum
blocks than SQ40C 0.4
58
Deviations initially help by
0.51
13 8
allowing more area to be harvested 11
TIMEDEV
Blocks become more 9
0.518
heterogeneous in composition 7
5
20 25 30 35
MINPARM
20
21. SQ40S
Systematic, random age classes 11
0.456
Sensitivity to proximity distance
increases with greenup interval
9
PROX
0.45
6
Sensitivity to proximity distance is 7
0.519
higher at short greenup intervals
5 0.58
1
Relatively insensitive to timing
0.7
07
0.6
44
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
choice deviations for smaller GREENUP
minimum blocks
Deviations initially help by 0.4
56
0.51
allowing more area to be harvested
9
13
0.58
1
Blocks become more
11
TIMEDEV
heterogeneous in composition; 9
0.519
more pronounced than in 7
clustered age classes
56
0.4
5
20 25 30 35
MINPARM
21
22. SQ40R
Random age classes 11
Much lower sensitivity to 9
proximity at all greenup 0.6
2
PROX
9
intervals 7
Relatively more sensitive to 5
0.699
timing choice deviations than 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
GREENUP
clustered age classes
Blocks become more
heterogeneous in composition;
0.6
29
13
more pronounced than in 11
TIMEDEV
clustered age classes 9
0.629
99
0.6
7
9
0.55
5
20 25 30 35
MINPARM
22
23. HX40R
Random age classes
8
Insensitive to proximity at
0.6
7
5
9
short greenup intervals 6
PROX
More sensitive to proximity at
0.6
87
5
higher greenups than SQ40R 4 0.71
5
3
More sensitive to timing choice 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
GREENUP
deviations than clustered age
classes and SQ40R
13
0.68
7
11
TIMEDEV
9
0.687
0.659
5
71
7
0.
5
20 25 30 35
MINPARM
23
24. SQ80R
Random age classes
Relatively insensitive to 0.6
17 30
proximity at short greenup 13
PROX
intervals 9
Less sensitive to proximity at
0.
higher greenup intervals than
5
70
0
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
GREENUP
SQ40R
Decreasing sensitivity to timing
choice deviations at higher 13
minimum block sizes 11
TIMEDEV
9
0.630
7
0.700
5
20 25 30 35
MINPARM
24
25. Summary
Identical forests from a strategic standpoint
Yielded very different outcomes under spatial restrictions
Forest structure was significant determinant
Although contrived, forests have analogs in the real world
SQ40C – similar to disturbance dominated natural forests
SQ40CS – similar to plantation management of the US southeast
SQ40R – similar to forests of the Northeast (small, heterogeneous
stands)
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26. Summary
Forest fragmentation
Highly fragmented forests are less sensitive to greenup interval
Neighboring stands are not likely to be harvested in same period anyway
In non-fragmented forests, sensitivity to proximity distance
increases with greenup interval
Neighboring stands are of similar age, and therefore likely candidates for
harvesting in same period; proximity distance determines how much of
this area is made unavailable during greenup
Allocation units
Substands (SQ80R) yielded better solutions than stands (SQ40R)
Smaller allocation units present more alternative block configurations
26
27. Summary
Block size
Minimum block size can be much more limiting on volume
achievement than maximum block size
Maximum block size is limiting only in non-fragmented forests
Mean block size is much smaller than maximum allowed
Mean approaches maximum only in clustered forests (SQ40CS, SQ40C)
Timing choice deviations
Mitigate shortfalls by allowing for the creation of larger harvest
blocks (sensitive to minimum block size)
Significant deviations from original timing can nullify gains arising
from increased harvest area
27