Ping Jiang discusses ways in which political unrest and economic uncertainty affect markets. Post recession, less developed markets have recovered more quickly than those with more wealth. Ping Jiang explores why seeing these differently might change thoughts on investment.
November 2010 - Growing Investment FundsFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Strengthening Of Latin American Capital MarketsRyan Flynn
This paper intends to examine and compare the relationship between the stabilization of perceived corruption and country credit risk and increases (improvements) in market capitalization, levels of external debt, and foreign direct investment in nine emerging markets in two regions, Latin America and Asia.
June 2010 - Financial system: Long-term challengesFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
The COVID-19 pandemic will leave the Latin American region as the worst hit in the world, in terms of the number of infected and deceased (the human cost), and in terms of its dismal economic performance (economic cost). Thus, the region will need all the help possible to be able to get out of a situation that would probably leave it plunged into another lost decade for the region (such as the 1980s or the one that has just ended, 2010).
In this context, China is emerging as the only country that could help the region in terms of offering a market for its products, in terms of financing, and even in terms of helping to combat the pandemic.
In this article, in first place, we will see the social and economic situation in which Latin America is facing post-pandemic; second, the region's trade situation with China; third, the situation regarding investment and financing with China; fourth, the aid to combat the pandemic; and fifth, the prospects for the region's future relationship with China.
Ping Jiang discusses ways in which political unrest and economic uncertainty affect markets. Post recession, less developed markets have recovered more quickly than those with more wealth. Ping Jiang explores why seeing these differently might change thoughts on investment.
November 2010 - Growing Investment FundsFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Strengthening Of Latin American Capital MarketsRyan Flynn
This paper intends to examine and compare the relationship between the stabilization of perceived corruption and country credit risk and increases (improvements) in market capitalization, levels of external debt, and foreign direct investment in nine emerging markets in two regions, Latin America and Asia.
June 2010 - Financial system: Long-term challengesFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
The COVID-19 pandemic will leave the Latin American region as the worst hit in the world, in terms of the number of infected and deceased (the human cost), and in terms of its dismal economic performance (economic cost). Thus, the region will need all the help possible to be able to get out of a situation that would probably leave it plunged into another lost decade for the region (such as the 1980s or the one that has just ended, 2010).
In this context, China is emerging as the only country that could help the region in terms of offering a market for its products, in terms of financing, and even in terms of helping to combat the pandemic.
In this article, in first place, we will see the social and economic situation in which Latin America is facing post-pandemic; second, the region's trade situation with China; third, the situation regarding investment and financing with China; fourth, the aid to combat the pandemic; and fifth, the prospects for the region's future relationship with China.
January 2011 - Brazil: Moving Up in the world?FGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
August 2012 - Why investment is still tied upFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
the rise of china - latin america perspectiveLuiz Calado
Organised by the Victoria Institure for Links with Latin America, the day-long seminar will discuss the remarkable growth in China’s global impact and how this is affecting policy directions and economic trends in Latin America and New Zealand. The seminar is supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the embassies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico.
The fourth edition of our annual State of Power report, coinciding with the international meeting in Switzerland of what Susan George calls “the Davos class”. This series seeks to examine different dimensions of power, unmask the key holders of power in our globalised world, and identify sources of transformative counter-power.
The peace accord agreed late last year between the government and the FARC paramilitary group gives Colombia a historic opportunity to improve the living standards of all its people. More than half a century of conflict cost an estimated
220,000 lives and led over 5m people to flee their homes, with severe consequences for the country’s prosperity, especially in the rural areas where violence was concentrated. The accord
makes a “peace dividend” of economic growth whose benefits are shared by every Colombian, not just some of those living in its big cities, a real possibility—and also a necessity—if the
peace accord is to succeed in practice.
Alberto Trejos - América Latina | A look at Central America
O Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE), da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), realizou, no dia 19 de setembro de 2014, o seminário internacional A América Latina e as Novas Condições Econômicas Mundiais.
O evento abordou a questão das perspectivas latinoamericanas diante das mudanças impostas, entre outros fatores, pela desaceleração da China e pela gradual normalização da política monetária dos EUA.
O encontro foi organizado em três painéis, que incluiram desde estudos de casos nacionais — Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia e México — a apresentações mais abrangentes da economia da região como um todo ou parte dela.
Confira as fotos do evento e mais informações no site do FGV/IBRE: http://bit.ly/YdyhyL
January 2011 - Brazil: Moving Up in the world?FGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
August 2012 - Why investment is still tied upFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
the rise of china - latin america perspectiveLuiz Calado
Organised by the Victoria Institure for Links with Latin America, the day-long seminar will discuss the remarkable growth in China’s global impact and how this is affecting policy directions and economic trends in Latin America and New Zealand. The seminar is supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the embassies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico.
The fourth edition of our annual State of Power report, coinciding with the international meeting in Switzerland of what Susan George calls “the Davos class”. This series seeks to examine different dimensions of power, unmask the key holders of power in our globalised world, and identify sources of transformative counter-power.
The peace accord agreed late last year between the government and the FARC paramilitary group gives Colombia a historic opportunity to improve the living standards of all its people. More than half a century of conflict cost an estimated
220,000 lives and led over 5m people to flee their homes, with severe consequences for the country’s prosperity, especially in the rural areas where violence was concentrated. The accord
makes a “peace dividend” of economic growth whose benefits are shared by every Colombian, not just some of those living in its big cities, a real possibility—and also a necessity—if the
peace accord is to succeed in practice.
Alberto Trejos - América Latina | A look at Central America
O Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE), da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), realizou, no dia 19 de setembro de 2014, o seminário internacional A América Latina e as Novas Condições Econômicas Mundiais.
O evento abordou a questão das perspectivas latinoamericanas diante das mudanças impostas, entre outros fatores, pela desaceleração da China e pela gradual normalização da política monetária dos EUA.
O encontro foi organizado em três painéis, que incluiram desde estudos de casos nacionais — Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia e México — a apresentações mais abrangentes da economia da região como um todo ou parte dela.
Confira as fotos do evento e mais informações no site do FGV/IBRE: http://bit.ly/YdyhyL
Following a period of strong growth across all developing regions during the first decade of the millennium and a rapid rebound from the 2008 financial crisis, a combination of falling commodity prices, increasing financial market volatility and weak global demand has negatively affected growth performance in recent years. This growth slowdown has exposed the absence of structural transformation in many developing countries even under robust growth conditions. As a result, increasing attention has turned to the trade and industrialization opportunities offered by participation in global value chains (GVCs).
Rodrik_Feasible_Globalizations
FEASIBLE GLOBALIZATIONS
Dani Rodrik1
Harvard University
July 2002
Introduction
We want economic integration to help boost living standards. We want democratic
politics so that public policy decisions are made by those that are directly affected by them (or
their representatives). And we want self-determination, which comes with the nation-state. This
paper argues that we cannot have all three things simultaneously. The political trilemma of the
global economy is that the nation-state system, democratic politics, and full economic
integration are mutually incompatible. We can have at most two out of the three. It follows that
the direction in which we seem to be headed—global markets without global governance—is
unsustainable.
The alternative is a renewed “Bretton-Woods compromise:” preserving some limits on
integration, as built into the original Bretton Woods arrangements, along with some more global
rules to handle the integration that can be achieved. Those who would make a different choice—
toward tighter economic integration—must face up to the corollary: either tighter world
government or less democracy.
During the first four decades following the close of the Second World War, international
policy makers had kept their ambitions in check. They pursued a limited form of
internationalization of their economies, leaving lots of room for national economic management.
Successive rounds of multilateral trade negotiations made great strides, but focused only on the
most egregious of the barriers at the border and excluded large chunks of the economy
1 I am grateful to Michael Weinstein for very helpful suggestions.
2
(agriculture, services, “sensitive” manufactures such as garments). In capital markets,
restrictions on currency transactions and financial flows remained the norm rather than the
exception. This Bretton Woods/GATT regime was successful because its architects subjugated
international economic integration to the needs and demands of national economic management
and of democratic politics.
This strategy changed drastically during the last two decades. Global policy is now
driven by an aggressive agenda of “deep” integration—elimination of all barriers to trade and
capital flows wherever those barriers may be found. The results have been problematic--in terms
of both economic performance (relative to the earlier post-war decades) and political legitimacy.
The simple reason is that “deep” economic integration is unattainable in a context where nation
states and democratic politics still exert considerable force.
The title of this essay conveys therefore two ideas. First, there are inherent limitations to
how far we can push global economic integration. It is neither feasible nor desirable to
maximize what Keynes called “economic entanglements betw ...
The article illustrates the results of the economic development of the first fifteen years of the XXI century under the conditions of unprecedented economic freedom, globalization and the appearance of new informational sectors up to and including the first attempts at revising liberalism. The analysis of statistical data demonstrates an obvious increase in the percentage of well-off people in many countries as well as the increased economic capabilities of small, medium and large businesses, whose assets are distributed among an ever-increasing number of owners. This provides the impetus to review our collective approach to liberalization and globalization, as well as to view its unexpected strong sides that make human progress possible.
Schaffer, Agusti, Dhooge, Earle. International Business Law and.docxkenjordan97598
Schaffer, Agusti, Dhooge, Earle. International Business Law and Its Environment, 8th Edition. South-Western, 2011-01-01.
CHAPTER 1: Introduction to International Business
ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE
Many economists and business experts realize that no business is purely domestic and that even the smallest local firms are affected by global competition and world events. The realities of the modern world make all business international. No longer can an economic or political change in one country occur without causing reverberations throughout world markets. A terrorist event in London, or in the Philippines, is reflected on international stock exchanges and brings entire economies to their knees. War in the Middle East brings international shipping to a standstill. A civil war on the African continent affects the price of commodities in London and New York. A change in interest rates in Germany affects investment flows and currency exchange rates in the United States. Disruption anywhere in the supply chain of today’s globally connected manufacturing plants brings distant assembly lines to a halt. The failure of China to safeguard American copyrights on films or software results in the United States imposing retaliatory tariffs and affects the price of Chinese-made clothing in American stores. Terrorist attacks not only affect business operations worldwide but also affect the ability of managers to travel and live safely in foreign lands.
Perhaps nowhere is global economic interdependence more obvious than in the context of the spread of infectious disease. Whether it be “mad cow” affecting English cattle, or infectious respiratory disease affecting people from Toronto to rural China, the impact of infectious disease can now ripple through the world’s economy within days. Indeed, in recent years the effects of terrorism and infectious disease has been felt by international business travel and tourism and affected the global operations of firms on all continents. The world today is more economically interdependent than at any other time in history, and this has led to the globalization of product, service, and capital markets.
Economic interdependence is the result of many factors. Precious natural resources and raw materials are located around the world. Technological advances in travel, shipping and communications, and the Internet have brought people closer together. Nations have moved away from protectionism and increasingly toward free trade, opening markets for goods and services that were once closed to foreign competition. The world has seen a steady movement toward economic integration and the development of free trade areas and “common markets” among nations. Greater political stability in the developing countries has led to increased foreign investment, industrialization, and the integration of those nations into the world economy. Economic interdependence also can be attributed to the sharing of technology and know-how, with paten.
Instructions1. On the top of the page, provide the article citat.docxnormanibarber20063
Instructions
1. On the top of the page, provide the article citation in current APA format.
On the next line down, type the topic of your articles: (Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
in all caps and bold format.
2. In a double-spaced document, briefly explain the author’s purpose for writing the article. One way to understand the author’s purpose is to ask yourself why he or she wrote it. (For example, consider current and future events, politics, or anything else that may have inspired the article.)
3. Summarize the article(The criminality of Wall Street), focusing on the discussion of the topic the article addresses. Incorporate relevant economic theory that is present so that discussion of the article content is clear.
Article: The Criminality of Wall Street
Tabb, William K. Monthly Review66.4 (Sep 2014): 13-22.
The current stage of capitalism is characterized by the increased power of finance capital. How to understand the economics of this shift and its political implications is now central for both the left and the larger society. There can be little doubt that a signature development of our time is the growth of finance and monopoly power.1
In 1980 the nominal value of global financial assets almost equaled global GDP. In 2005 they were more than three times global GDP.2 The nominal value of foreign exchange trading increased from eleven times the value of global trade in 1980 to seventy-three times in 2009.3 Of course it is not certain what this increase means, since such nominal values can fluctuate widely, as we saw in the Great Financial Crisis. They cannot be compared directly and without all sorts of qualifications to the value added in the real economy. But they do give an impressionistic sense of the enormous magnitude by which finance grew and came to dominate the economy. Between 1980 and 2007, derivative contracts of all kinds expanded from $1 trillion globally to $600 trillion.4 Hedge funds and private equity groups, special investment vehicles, and mega-bank holding companies changed the face of Western capitalism. They also brought on the collapse from which we still suffer. Ordinary people may not be acquainted with the numbers (and even those best informed are not sure of their significance), but people generally understand in different and often deep ways what has been happening: namely, an ongoing process of financialization that has come to dwarf production.
What is particularly important is that despite the huge bubble created by this metastasizing growth of finance, the economy did not expand as rapidly as it had in the postwar years, before the goods producing industries lost ground in terms of employment to other sectors of the economy, and when government spending was used actively to promote growth. While the nature of much of the growth that occurred then is certainly open to criticism from all sorts of standpoints, at the time there was widespread understanding in policy circles that government spending was.
What are two main concerns that MNCs should evaluate when doing busi.pdfananyainfotech
What are two main concerns that MNCs should evaluate when doing business in Russia?
Solution
Multinational corporations have existed since the beginning of overseas trade. They have
remained a part of the business scene throughout history, entering their modern form in the 17th
and 18th centuries with the creation of large, European-based monopolistic concerns such as the
British East India Company during the age of colonization. Multinational concerns were viewed
at that time as agents of civilization and played a pivotal role in the commercial and industrial
development of Asia, South America, and Africa. By the end of the 19th century, advances in
communications had more closely linked world markets, and multinational corporations retained
their favorable image as instruments of improved global relations through commercial ties. The
existence of close international trading relations did not prevent the outbreak of two world wars
in the first half of the twentieth century, but an even more closely bound world economy
emerged in the aftermath of the period of conflict.
In more recent times, multinational corporations have grown in power and visibility, but have
come to be viewed more ambivalently by both governments and consumers worldwide. Indeed,
multinationals today are viewed with increased suspicion given their perceived lack of concern
for the economic well-being of particular geographic regions and the public impression that
multinationals are gaining power in relation to national government agencies, international trade
federations and organizations, and local, national, and international labor organizations.
Despite such concerns, multinational corporations appear poised to expand their power and
influence as barriers to international trade continue to be removed. Furthermore, the actual nature
and methods of multinationals are in large measure misunderstood by the public, and their long-
term influence is likely to be less sinister than imagined. Multinational corporations share many
common traits, including the methods they use to penetrate new markets, the manner in which
their overseas subsidiaries are tied to their headquarters operations, and their interaction with
national governmental agencies and national and international labor organizations.
WHAT IS A MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATION?
As the name implies, a multinational corporation is a business concern with operations in more
than one country. These operations outside the company\'s home country may be linked to the
parent by merger, operated as subsidiaries, or have considerable autonomy. Multinational
corporations are sometimes perceived as large, utilitarian enterprises with little or no regard for
the social and economic well-being of the countries in which they operate, but the reality of their
situation is more complicated.
There are over 40,000 multinational corporations currently operating in the global economy, in
addition to approximately 250,000 overseas affiliates .
Running Head OPENING A NEW COMPANY1OPENING A NEW FACTORY .docxcharisellington63520
Running Head: OPENING A NEW COMPANY
1
OPENING A NEW FACTORY
3
Opening a New Factory
Name
Tutor
Institution
Course
Date
Opening a New Factory
Differences in Political Economy
The Cold War period pitted the United States against several South American nations, including Chile. The Honduran case was a bit different since the country provided bases for Nicaraguan rebels who were being funded and trained by the United States. Mexico has never been in significant contradiction with the United States, and it has also never played a key role in the America’s intervention in other Latin American nations (Kingstone, 2013).
Lately, the political environments in the three nations, i.e. Honduras, Mexico, and Chile have been favorable to the business community from the United States. Indeed, it is notable that the right-wing authorities in Chile and Mexico have sought to foster closer ties with the United States of America. Such ties have made Mexico become the third largest trading partner of the United States, and this is mainly due to the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994. Honduras and Mexico are, however, straggling with a higher rate of crime as compared to Chile, and the instances of political intimidation in the two nations are also apparent (Kingstone, 2013).
The Cultural Barriers
The most notable cultural aspect in Mexico is that individuals regard traditional and family values highly. For instance, many women consider working within their homes as being of more importance than working commercially in organizations. Children, especially those belonging in the middle and high income households, remain in their homes longer than is the case in the United States. This means that they do not have to work unlike is the case in the United States (Baer & Miles, 2013).
In Honduras, it is evident that there has been a significant integration of the Spanish and Native American cultures. The Chilean culture is mainly Spanish. Nonetheless, there are two contrasting strains: the cosmopolitan strain which belong to the urban and affluent population, and another strain which is regarded to be popular with the peasants. The urban strain is educated, and has actually adopted a Westernized lifestyle meaning that people begin working as soon as they complete college (Nicholls, 2013).
Corruptions Perceptions Index (CPI)
Chile is among the Latin American nations which have the least levels of corruption. Indeed, statistics indicate that Chile records lesser instances of corruption than Spain. According to Transparency International, corruption cases in government are isolated, and this makes service delivery more efficient than in such nations as Honduras. In Chile, the Freedom of Information Act makes it mandatory for the government of the day as well as its agencies to avail all the unclassified information to the public. In this regard, all ministries and government agencies possess web pages where information relating to oper.
Contemporary issues and Challenges in Global Economic Environment - Indian perspective: Globalization and
its Advocacy, Globalization and its Impact on India, Fair Globalization and the Need for Policy Framework,
Globalization in Reverse Gear-The Threatened Re-emergence of Protectionism. Euro zone Crisis and its impact
on India, Issues in Brexit, World recession, inflationary trends, impact of fluctuating prices of crude oil, gold
etc.
Controlling the financial system to prevent economic debacle in brazilFernando Alcoforado
Anyone who understand economics knows that in the economic stagnation that affect Brazil at the time, economic growth is only achieved since the government raise its spending to offset the fall in consumption and investment. Who formulated this teaching was the great economist John Maynard Keynes in the mid-twentieth century. The argument put forward by the government that first need to reduce government spending and then to promote economic growth is totally irrational from the Keynesian perspective. In addition, the Michel Temer government is blackmailing with the population to say that the alternative is cutting government spending or tax increases. It is an unfortunate fact the Michel Temer government want to solve the economic crisis in Brazil that worsens every day with the adoption of fiscal adjustment that reduces public spending and tends to deepen the process of economic stagnation in the country.
What is DE- Globalization & its examplesDEEPAK KUMAR
In this Assignment I have gone through the detailed of how de - globalization is taking place in this 21 century where most of the student are talking about globalization. this is the another part of the picture, we have focused about de - globalization.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
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As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
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[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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Case Study 1 Mgt 328
1. Justin Newberry
MGT 328 – 001
Professor Flores
9/20/2008
Case Study 1
Transitions in the Political and Economic Environment in Latin America: Implications for
International Business
In this paper, I will evaluate the recent effect of changing economic and political trends in
Latin America. I will discuss how such trends have seemingly bounced back and forth and have
had profound economic and personal impacts on the countries’ respective constituents and
prospective investors. Furthermore, I will relate these trends to the preferred business environment
for international businesses entering these markets and the implications for foreign direct
investment in these countries by analyzing the degree of: democratization; political stability; and
economic openness. From this analysis, I will show that the claims of Latin American populist
leaders such as Hugo Chávez that free market economic policies are the source of Latin American
economic problems do not hold true. From here, I will go on to explain why certain countries have
successfully been able to implement liberal economic reforms to better themselves and set the
stage for future economic growth through open international trade and direct foreign investment.
Finally, I will compile my analysis of the Latin American countries with the greatest and least
amount of political risk for international businesses.
Recently, Latin America has seen a return to the populist political movements (and the
associated high levels of government intervention in economies) that were seen in the mid
twentieth century and had seemed to fade by the 1990s (when participation in international trade
and markets was high with the creation and passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement
[NAFTA] and the World Trade Organization [WTO]). This has, in turn, brought back the high
levels of government intervention in business and subsequently has had repelling effects on the
2. entrance of international businesses to these markets and the flow of direct foreign investment into
businesses already established in these countries. Such is the case for Hugo Chávez’s populist
totalitarian government in Venezuela that came to power in 1999 and has effectively promised
egalitarianism to the poor of his country by means of confiscating properties and holdings of the
country’s wealthy. Similarly in Bolivia and Argentina the rise to power of Evo Morales and
Cristina Fernández de Kitchner, respectively, has translated into more centralized authority of their
countries’ economies and decreased willingness to participate in international trade and welcome
foreign investment. In Bolivia, like in Venezuela, Evo Morales has denounced the free market
capitalist economy and confiscated vast natural gas reserves. In Argentina, a move away from
privatization and foreign investment further signals this recent trend in Latin America.
Though it seems quite clear the political and economic implications of this trend, an
important contributing factor of the political and economic realm of this trend should also be
mentioned since it is also always an important consideration in world markets: the cultural and
societal implications. This trend exemplifies the workings of societies that in this current era
(since societies are constantly changing) appear to be quite collective in nature. This holds true to
the final example of Andres Manuel López Obrador’s failed run for the presidency in Mexico in
2006. Although he lost the race, Obrador embraced many of the same political ideas and goals as
Chávez and Morales and wanted a collective, egalitarian society and to increase government
involvement in the economy.
As mentioned above, Obrador did not win the presidency in Mexico and, therefore, it is a
good place to start here in stating the deviation from this recent trend in Latin America. The newly
elected President Felipe Calderón is seen as quite business-friendly and does seem to provide hope
for promising direct foreign investment to facilitate future economic growth. Other deviations
3. from this recent shift in Latin America are in Peru, El Salvador, Brazil, and Chile all in which free
market economies are embraced and direct foreign investment and international free-trade
agreements are increasingly being welcomed. (Peru, however, is a difficult country to judge in this
trend as it has in recent years been highly conformant with the trends of Venezuela, Bolivia, and
Argentina but with a new president that is looking for increased foreign loans and direct
investment positive expectations toward a more free market economy can be postulated.)
Ideally, international businesses or international investors in businesses will look for
countries in which democracy is firmly in place and a free market economy is widely accepted as
naturally the most effective economic growth mechanism due to an “invisible hand” that leads to
efficiency as a result of abundant competition, as Adam Smith described it. The lack of this kind
of competition throughout Latin America in the 1970s under the command economies of populist
regimes (most notably in Mexico and Brazil) led to a perpetual cycle of inefficiency, low
productivity, and low innovation. Ideally, then, to obtain steady growth contrastingly and
successfully, the level of democracy must not only be thorough and firmly in place without threat
of coup or overturn at any moment, it must also be free of corruption. This is necessary because
without faith in the stability in the workings and durability of the nation itself, it is almost
impossible to invest and embark in business ventures confidently. This is clearly evident in the
cases of Venezuela and Bolivia and it is also exactly what had prospective investors and current
stakeholders spooked in Mexico on the bridge of the 2006 elections. Secondly, the economic
openness of the country must be thorough as well. This can be extended from a country’s
acceptance and embracement of international trade agreements such as NAFTA to participation in
the WTO to the protection of property rights in the country. Take, for example, the case of
Venezuela compared to a country like Canada. Let’s say that an American entrepreneur wants to
4. set up a revolutionary kind of manufacturing plant and has narrowed down his or her options to
Canada and Venezuela. Whether or not the deal is enticing and there could be a once in a lifetime
market niche waiting to be exposed in Venezuela, based solely on what the entrepreneur has been
hearing lately about how Hugo Chávez has been confiscating private property for the collective
good in Venezuela and assuming that the entrepreneur is pretty familiar with Canada’s economic
openness and outlook on the protection of property rights, it should be without doubt or hesitation
that the entrepreneur chooses Canada over Venezuela because of the very likely risk of having
everything taken away without warning or compensation in Venezuela. An example like this
effectively demonstrates the importance of the protection of property rights in determination of
international markets.
The elementary breakdown of the economic problems in Latin America can be traced to
two partly related factors: the lack of long-term commitment to the free market system; and the
historical high risk of Latin American investment. The former was very evident throughout this
case study as Latin American countries at the beginning of the century seemed to be very open to
international markets and seemed to follow the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory of international trade in
that they naturally began to focus on and export according to the factor endowments that locally
were abundant (beef, coffee, copper, oil, and rubber). This international participation, however,
was short lived and fluctuations back and forth between free market and command economies
drove foreign investment and economic progress away never giving a long enough chance for the
“invisible hand” of the free market to bring productivity, efficiency, and growth. This is not
irrational to assume considering that the United States did not become an economic superpower
with its free market economy overnight after it won its independence. Actually, to the contrary
was true. It took years of commitment to its free market economy and dedication to its firm
5. democracy to gain international economic relevance. The latter factor, which is partly influenced
by the former and also influenced by the accompanying factors of the former (the political turmoil
counter conducive to economic growth) led to increasingly higher rate of cost to invest in Latin
American countries and businesses. Eventually, the point was reached where not enough direct
foreign investment was coming in and growth could no longer be achieved simply because it was
too risky of an investment in the Latin American countries. Therefore, such claims by populist
leaders such as Hugo Chávez that free market economic policies are the source of Latin America’s
economic problems are irrational and don’t pay due respect and chance to the fact that sustainable
long-term economic growth cannot come overnight.
A second question that has been asked is why have some Latin American countries
comparatively done so well in implementing liberal economic reforms (such as Chile)? The
answer lies in a few factors. Firstly, out of all the countries in the study Chile ranked second in
GNI per capita with PPP Atlas. This translates into more purchasing power for Chileans and
therefore a higher demand for a free market economy where they as consumers can drive market
forces with their demand. Secondly, Chile is ranked highest in political rights and civil liberties.
This obviously shows the presence of a firm democracy and furthermore, as it was shown in the
case study, this firm democracy as a whole seems to agree quite well on the direction of the
country and the economy. This is seen in the fact that the Chilean people democratically chose to
elect President Michelle Bachelet and her party as the majority in both the Senate and the Chamber
of Deputies, thereby reducing political friction and facilitating the progress of the nation.
Based on all the factors that have been presented in this case, therefore, clearly two Latin
American countries stand out as having the highest and lowest political risks for international
businesses. The highest political risk country in Latin America is Venezuela. With the highly
6. centralized populist totalitarian government of Hugo Chávez that has increasingly stepped away
from international markets and pushed foreign investors and businesses away it comes as no
surprise that it has become the riskiest country in which to invest. Contrastingly, the Latin
American country with the least political risk is Chile. With high levels of firm and stable
democratization and effective economic policies that allow the free market to rule, it is evident that
it is currently the most attractive Latin American country in which to invest.