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This document summarizes different lymphoid tissues in the body including lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus. It describes the structure and functions of each tissue. Lymph nodes contain a cortex, paracortex, and medulla and function to produce immune cells and filter lymph. The spleen contains white and red pulp, filters blood, and produces immune cells. Tonsils contain lymphoid nodules and crypts and produce antibodies. The thymus contains a cortex and medulla and matures T lymphocytes through interactions with epithelial cells.
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Lymphatic system
The document discusses the structure and function of the lymphatic system. It describes the different types of lymphatic tissue including lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, thymus gland, and non-capsulated lymphatic follicles. Each type of tissue has a specific histological structure composed of lymphatic tissue surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels. The lymphatic tissues contain lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells that help fight infection and produce antibodies. Together these tissues work to filter lymph and blood, and help the immune system defend against pathogens.
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Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books.. Thank you
The lymphatic organs
The lymphatic organs include lymph nodes, tonsils, and the spleen.
Lymph nodes are kidney-shaped and filter lymph. They have an outer cortex containing lymph follicles and sinuses, and an inner medulla containing medullary cords and sinuses. The spleen filters blood and produces blood cells. It has trabeculae dividing it into compartments containing white pulp with follicles and red pulp with cords and sinuses. Tonsils contain lymphoid tissue and are located in the palate, base of the tongue, and nasopharynx to protect the respiratory and digestive systems.
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This document discusses the lymphatic system in the orofacial region. It begins by describing lymphatic tissues and lymph flow from tissues. The lymphatic system consists of lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs, and diffuse lymphoid tissues. Lymph nodes in the head and neck filter lymph and activate lymphocytes. The major lymphoid tissues in the orofacial region are the tonsils, which form Waldeyer's ring to protect the oropharynx. Lymph drainage from different areas of the head and neck flows to specific superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes.
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This document describes various lymphoid organs in the human body. There are two categories of lymphoid organs: primary (central) organs where lymphocytes mature and secondary (peripheral) organs where mature lymphocytes interact with antigens. Examples of primary organs described are the thymus and bone marrow. Secondary organs include lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue found in places like the gastrointestinal tract. Each organ's structure and function is briefly outlined.
Human Anatomy- histology of lymphatic system
This ppt covers all the topics and regions of lymphatic system in the body. Namely lymph node,spleen,palatine tonsil,thymus. It also covers the basic idea of the lymphatic system.thank you
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The document summarizes the key organs and tissues of the immune system. It discusses the primary lymphoid organs of bone marrow and thymus, where lymphocytes mature. It also describes the secondary lymphoid organs of lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid tissues like Peyer's patches and tonsils, which are the sites where immune responses occur. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues contain aggregates of immune cells that defend against antigens entering mucosal surfaces.
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A good read for undergraduate students in Pharmacy studying at the University of Mumbai. I will highly recommend Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora et al. All copyright to the original authors and publishers.
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The document discusses the structure and function of the lymphatic system. It describes the different types of lymphatic tissue including lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, thymus gland, and non-capsulated lymphatic follicles. Each type of tissue has a specific histological structure composed of lymphatic tissue surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels. The lymphatic tissues contain lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells that help fight infection and produce antibodies. Together these tissues work to filter lymph and blood, and help the immune system defend against pathogens.
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Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books.. Thank you
The lymphatic organs
The lymphatic organs include lymph nodes, tonsils, and the spleen.
Lymph nodes are kidney-shaped and filter lymph. They have an outer cortex containing lymph follicles and sinuses, and an inner medulla containing medullary cords and sinuses. The spleen filters blood and produces blood cells. It has trabeculae dividing it into compartments containing white pulp with follicles and red pulp with cords and sinuses. Tonsils contain lymphoid tissue and are located in the palate, base of the tongue, and nasopharynx to protect the respiratory and digestive systems.
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Lymphoid organs
This document describes various lymphoid organs in the human body. There are two categories of lymphoid organs: primary (central) organs where lymphocytes mature and secondary (peripheral) organs where mature lymphocytes interact with antigens. Examples of primary organs described are the thymus and bone marrow. Secondary organs include lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue found in places like the gastrointestinal tract. Each organ's structure and function is briefly outlined.
Human Anatomy- histology of lymphatic system
This ppt covers all the topics and regions of lymphatic system in the body. Namely lymph node,spleen,palatine tonsil,thymus. It also covers the basic idea of the lymphatic system.thank you
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The document summarizes the key organs and tissues of the immune system. It discusses the primary lymphoid organs of bone marrow and thymus, where lymphocytes mature. It also describes the secondary lymphoid organs of lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid tissues like Peyer's patches and tonsils, which are the sites where immune responses occur. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues contain aggregates of immune cells that defend against antigens entering mucosal surfaces.
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A good read for undergraduate students in Pharmacy studying at the University of Mumbai. I will highly recommend Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora et al. All copyright to the original authors and publishers.
Lymphatic organs of body
Lymphatic organs of body
• Lymphoid organs are the organs, in which lymphocytes can differentiate and proliferate.
• They are part of lymphatic system.
• The lymphatic system is part of circulatory system and a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning "water" directionally towards the heart.
• Unlike the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system is not a closed system.
• HISTORY –
• Hippocrates and Aristotle described lymph as white fluid.
• Gasparo aselli an Italian anatomist discovered lymphatic vessels in 1622.
• Van hook in 1652 demonstrated the presence of cisterna chyli and thoracic duct in humans.
• William hunter in the late 18th century was the first to describe the functions of lymphatic system.
• Olof Rudbeck of Swedish university described that lymphatic system constitute a circulatory system separate from blood circulation and this fact was accepted by Royal society of London.
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The document summarizes the lymphatic and immune systems. It discusses the organization of the lymphatic system including vessels, lymph nodes, thymus and spleen. It explains how the lymphatic system is related to and works with the circulatory system, and the role of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytes in the body's defense. It provides an introduction to the immune system and its focus on lymphocyte activity.
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The lymphatic system includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and lymphoid tissues. It works to maintain fluid balance, absorb fatty acids, and help fight infection. Lymph vessels carry lymph fluid high in nutrients and waste away from tissues before emptying into the bloodstream. Lymph nodes filter lymph and contain lymphocytes that help recognize and fight pathogens and cancer cells. The spleen, thymus, tonsils, and lymphoid tissues also help the immune system develop and respond to threats.
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This document discusses the lymphatic system and its primary and secondary lymphoid organs. It describes that the lymphatic system consists of lymphatic organs and lymph fluid, and lymphoid organs are classified as primary or secondary. Primary lymphoid organs, such as the bone marrow and thymus, are the sites of lymphocyte development. Secondary lymphoid organs, including the spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT tissues, are where adaptive immune responses are initiated through interactions between immune cells and antigens. The document then provides more detailed descriptions of the structure and functions of the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen as examples of primary and secondary lymphoid organs
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The document summarizes the histology of lymphoid organs. It describes the primary lymphoid organs of thymus and bone marrow which are responsible for lymphocyte development and maturation. The secondary lymphoid organs discussed include lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. For each organ, it outlines their location, vascular supply, cellular composition of cortex and medulla, and role in the immune system. The maturation processes of B and T lymphocytes in the bone marrow and thymus respectively are also summarized.
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The lymphatic system involves lymphatic vessels that convey lymph from tissues to the venous system, as well as lymphatic organs that aid the immune system such as lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and thymus. Lymphatic vessels begin as blind-ended capillaries that drain fluid into collecting vessels, trunks, and ducts. Lymph is clear or slightly yellow tissue fluid that contains lymphocytes and flows with the help of muscle movement and respiration. Lymph nodes are bean-shaped organs located throughout the body that filter lymph and aid immune responses. The spleen and thymus are also lymphatic organs that help produce and store lymphocytes.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic tissues. Its main functions are to drain and filter tissue fluid back into the bloodstream, and help the immune system fight pathogens. Lymph is formed from tissue fluid that has leaked from blood capillaries. It is collected by lymphatic capillaries and passes through lymph nodes before entering larger lymphatic vessels and ducts. The largest duct is the thoracic duct, which drains lymph from the entire body below the neck into the bloodstream at the subclavian vein. Lymph nodes filter lymph as it circulates through the body. Disorders of the lymphatic system include lymphangitis,
Lymphatic system lecture notes (1)
The lymphatic system includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and bone marrow. It works to maintain fluid balance, absorb fatty acids, and fight infection. Lymph vessels carry lymph fluid and drain excess tissue fluid, returning it to the bloodstream. They also carry white blood cells to filter lymph in lymph nodes, removing pathogens and cancer cells. The filtered lymph then continues through the lymphatic system before draining into the blood via the thoracic duct.
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This document outlines a lecture on lymphoid tissues and lymphoid organs. It discusses the different types of lymphoid tissue, including diffuse lymphoid tissue found throughout the body, and nodular lymphoid organs like lymph nodules, lymph nodes, the thymus, tonsils, and spleen. For each organ, it describes the structure, cellular composition, location in the body, and basic functions. The goal is for students to understand the types, structures, and roles of the major lymphoid tissues and organs in the immune system.
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The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs that work with the cardiovascular and immune systems. Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream via lymph nodes and ducts. Lymph nodes filter lymph and activate immune responses by housing lymphocytes that monitor for antigens. The system helps maintain fluid balance and defends the body against pathogens and cancer cells.
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Contents
1 Structure
1.1 Cells
2 Function
3 Clinical significance
4 References
5 Additional images
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This document summarizes several lymphoid organs and tissues. It describes lymphoid tissue as connective tissue rich in lymphocytes with either a free or encapsulated structure. Lymph nodes are described as filtering particles and microorganisms from lymph and activating immune responses through interaction with lymphocytes. The spleen is summarized as the largest lymphoid structure, filtering blood and producing activated lymphocytes. Tonsils are located in the mouth and throat and contain lymph nodules and germinal centers to encounter antigens entering through these areas. The thymus is also briefly mentioned.
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This document describes the structure and features of the major lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and palatine tonsils. It details the general organization of lymph nodes into a capsule, cortex, paracortex, germinal centers, medulla, sinuses, and specialized blood vessels. For the spleen, it outlines the trabecular framework containing red and white pulp, along with features of the white pulp lymphoid nodules and red pulp sinuses and cords. Brief descriptions are also provided of the thymus and palatine tonsils.
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The lymphatic system returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood. It consists of a network of lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues scattered throughout the body. Lymph is composed of interstitial fluid that has entered lymphatic capillaries from tissues. It flows from capillaries through collecting vessels and trunks before draining into the subclavian veins. The lymphatic system works with the immune system and contains lymphocytes that help fight pathogens and cancer cells. Primary lymphatic organs like the bone marrow and thymus gland produce lymphocytes while secondary organs like lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and Peyer's patches help the immune response.
Organs of the Immune system
Immune system consists of two organs primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
1-Primary (Central) lymphoid organs.
2-Secondary (Peripheral) lymphoid organs.
1-Thymus Gland.
2-Bone Marrow.
They consist of ….
Spleen.
Lymph nodes.
Mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue.
The sites of immune cell birth and the locations where they mature are considered primary lymphatic organs.
Locations in the body where immune cells become activated, reside, or carry out their functions are called secondary lymphatic organs
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• Lymphoid organs are the organs, in which lymphocytes can differentiate and proliferate.
• They are part of lymphatic system.
• The lymphatic system is part of circulatory system and a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning "water" directionally towards the heart.
• Unlike the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system is not a closed system.
• HISTORY –
• Hippocrates and Aristotle described lymph as white fluid.
• Gasparo aselli an Italian anatomist discovered lymphatic vessels in 1622.
• Van hook in 1652 demonstrated the presence of cisterna chyli and thoracic duct in humans.
• William hunter in the late 18th century was the first to describe the functions of lymphatic system.
• Olof Rudbeck of Swedish university described that lymphatic system constitute a circulatory system separate from blood circulation and this fact was accepted by Royal society of London.
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The document summarizes the lymphatic and immune systems. It discusses the organization of the lymphatic system including vessels, lymph nodes, thymus and spleen. It explains how the lymphatic system is related to and works with the circulatory system, and the role of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytes in the body's defense. It provides an introduction to the immune system and its focus on lymphocyte activity.
The Lymphatic System and Its Functions on Human Body
The lymphatic system consists of lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic organs and tissues. It has several functions including draining excess fluid from tissues, transporting dietary lipids, and carrying out immune responses. The main components are lymph, which transports fluid and immune cells; lymphatic vessels and capillaries that collect and transport lymph; lymph nodes that filter lymph; the thymus and bone marrow where immune cells mature; and the spleen and lymphatic nodules where immune responses occur. Together, these components work to maintain fluid balance, absorb fats, and fight infection throughout the body.
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Lymphatic system lecture notes
The lymphatic system includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and lymphoid tissues. It works to maintain fluid balance, absorb fatty acids, and help fight infection. Lymph vessels carry lymph fluid high in nutrients and waste away from tissues before emptying into the bloodstream. Lymph nodes filter lymph and contain lymphocytes that help recognize and fight pathogens and cancer cells. The spleen, thymus, tonsils, and lymphoid tissues also help the immune system develop and respond to threats.
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The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid from tissues back to the bloodstream. It consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs. Lymphatic vessels collect fluid from tissues into lymph, which is transported towards the heart by muscle contractions, breathing, and one-way valves in vessels. Lymph nodes filter lymph and activate immune cells. The spleen, thymus, tonsils, Peyer's patches, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue help the immune system develop and respond to pathogens.
Lymphoid organs
This document discusses the lymphatic system and its primary and secondary lymphoid organs. It describes that the lymphatic system consists of lymphatic organs and lymph fluid, and lymphoid organs are classified as primary or secondary. Primary lymphoid organs, such as the bone marrow and thymus, are the sites of lymphocyte development. Secondary lymphoid organs, including the spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT tissues, are where adaptive immune responses are initiated through interactions between immune cells and antigens. The document then provides more detailed descriptions of the structure and functions of the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen as examples of primary and secondary lymphoid organs
Lymphoid organs
The document summarizes the histology of lymphoid organs. It describes the primary lymphoid organs of thymus and bone marrow which are responsible for lymphocyte development and maturation. The secondary lymphoid organs discussed include lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. For each organ, it outlines their location, vascular supply, cellular composition of cortex and medulla, and role in the immune system. The maturation processes of B and T lymphocytes in the bone marrow and thymus respectively are also summarized.
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This document discusses the lymphatic drainage of various body regions. It begins with an overview of lymph production and circulation. It then details the lymphatic drainage pathways of specific areas, including: the head and neck, draining to cervical lymph nodes; the chest and lungs, draining to mediastinal and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes; the abdomen, with liver and intestines draining to coeliac and mesenteric lymph nodes; and the pelvis and rectum, draining to iliac, sacral and inguinal lymph nodes. Diagrams accompany the text to illustrate the lymphatic vessels and nodes involved.
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The lymphatic system involves lymphatic vessels that convey lymph from tissues to the venous system, as well as lymphatic organs that aid the immune system such as lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and thymus. Lymphatic vessels begin as blind-ended capillaries that drain fluid into collecting vessels, trunks, and ducts. Lymph is clear or slightly yellow tissue fluid that contains lymphocytes and flows with the help of muscle movement and respiration. Lymph nodes are bean-shaped organs located throughout the body that filter lymph and aid immune responses. The spleen and thymus are also lymphatic organs that help produce and store lymphocytes.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic tissues. Its main functions are to drain and filter tissue fluid back into the bloodstream, and help the immune system fight pathogens. Lymph is formed from tissue fluid that has leaked from blood capillaries. It is collected by lymphatic capillaries and passes through lymph nodes before entering larger lymphatic vessels and ducts. The largest duct is the thoracic duct, which drains lymph from the entire body below the neck into the bloodstream at the subclavian vein. Lymph nodes filter lymph as it circulates through the body. Disorders of the lymphatic system include lymphangitis,
Lymphatic system lecture notes (1)
The lymphatic system includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and bone marrow. It works to maintain fluid balance, absorb fatty acids, and fight infection. Lymph vessels carry lymph fluid and drain excess tissue fluid, returning it to the bloodstream. They also carry white blood cells to filter lymph in lymph nodes, removing pathogens and cancer cells. The filtered lymph then continues through the lymphatic system before draining into the blood via the thoracic duct.
lymphoid tissues l o
This document outlines a lecture on lymphoid tissues and lymphoid organs. It discusses the different types of lymphoid tissue, including diffuse lymphoid tissue found throughout the body, and nodular lymphoid organs like lymph nodules, lymph nodes, the thymus, tonsils, and spleen. For each organ, it describes the structure, cellular composition, location in the body, and basic functions. The goal is for students to understand the types, structures, and roles of the major lymphoid tissues and organs in the immune system.
lymphaticsystem and its diseases and treatment.ppt
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs that work with the cardiovascular and immune systems. Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream via lymph nodes and ducts. Lymph nodes filter lymph and activate immune responses by housing lymphocytes that monitor for antigens. The system helps maintain fluid balance and defends the body against pathogens and cancer cells.
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Respiratory epithelium, or airway epithelium,[1] is a type of ciliated columnar epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract as respiratory mucosa,[2] where it serves to moisten and protect the airways. It is not present in the vocal cords of the larynx, or the oropharynx and laryngopharynx, where instead the epithelium is stratified squamous.[3] It also functions as a barrier to potential pathogens and foreign particles, preventing infection and tissue injury by the secretion of mucus and the action of mucociliary clearance.
Contents
1 Structure
1.1 Cells
2 Function
3 Clinical significance
4 References
5 Additional images
Lymphoid Organs
This document summarizes several lymphoid organs and tissues. It describes lymphoid tissue as connective tissue rich in lymphocytes with either a free or encapsulated structure. Lymph nodes are described as filtering particles and microorganisms from lymph and activating immune responses through interaction with lymphocytes. The spleen is summarized as the largest lymphoid structure, filtering blood and producing activated lymphocytes. Tonsils are located in the mouth and throat and contain lymph nodules and germinal centers to encounter antigens entering through these areas. The thymus is also briefly mentioned.
Lymphoid system.pptx
This document describes the structure and features of the major lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and palatine tonsils. It details the general organization of lymph nodes into a capsule, cortex, paracortex, germinal centers, medulla, sinuses, and specialized blood vessels. For the spleen, it outlines the trabecular framework containing red and white pulp, along with features of the white pulp lymphoid nodules and red pulp sinuses and cords. Brief descriptions are also provided of the thymus and palatine tonsils.
Unit 4 lymphatic system nrs 237
The lymphatic system returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood. It consists of a network of lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues scattered throughout the body. Lymph is composed of interstitial fluid that has entered lymphatic capillaries from tissues. It flows from capillaries through collecting vessels and trunks before draining into the subclavian veins. The lymphatic system works with the immune system and contains lymphocytes that help fight pathogens and cancer cells. Primary lymphatic organs like the bone marrow and thymus gland produce lymphocytes while secondary organs like lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and Peyer's patches help the immune response.
Organs of the Immune system
Immune system consists of two organs primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
1-Primary (Central) lymphoid organs.
2-Secondary (Peripheral) lymphoid organs.
1-Thymus Gland.
2-Bone Marrow.
They consist of ….
Spleen.
Lymph nodes.
Mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue.
The sites of immune cell birth and the locations where they mature are considered primary lymphatic organs.
Locations in the body where immune cells become activated, reside, or carry out their functions are called secondary lymphatic organs
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NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
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Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
Foundation of Yoga, YCB Level-3, Unit-1
Unit -1 of Yoga certification board, level 3, all topics covered. An exam conducted by ministry of Ayush for yoga enthusiastic students.
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Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
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Pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes
Pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
9255010.ppt
- 2. LYMPHOID TISSUE A) Diffuse lymphoid tissue B) Encapsulated lymphoid organs: 1- Lymph nodes. 2- Spleen. 3- Tonsils (are incompletely encapsulated) 4- Thymus. N.B. Both red bone marrow & Thymus are considered 1ry. Lymphoid organs.
- 3. LYMPH NODES (L.N.) (A) Stroma: 1- Capsule 2- Trabeculae (septa) 3- Reticular C.T. (B) Parenchyma: (lymphoid tissue + lymph sinuses) 1- Cortex 2- Paracortex 3- Medulla
- 4. 1. CORTEX OF L.N. 1- Lymphatic nodules (follicles): a- 1ry: without germinal center b- 2ry: with germinal center: Lighter 2- Cortical lymph sinuses.
- 5. 2. PARACORTEX Of L.N. • It is the thymus-dependent zone of L.N. • It is composed mostly of T-lymphocytes. 3. MEDULLA OF L.N. (1) Medullary cords: are formed mainly of lymphoid cells ( B & T lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages). (2) Medullary lymph sinuses. FUNCTIONS OF L.N. • 1- Production of immunocompetent cells. • 2- Filtration of lymph.
- 6. SPLEEN A. Stroma: 1- Capsule. 2- Trabeculae. 3- Reticular C.T. B. PARENCHYMA: • (A) White pulp. • (B) RED PULP. N.B. No cortex, no medulla.
- 7. FUNCTIONS OF SPLEEN 1- Filtration of blood. 2- Phagocytosis of old RBCs & old blood platelets & invading microorganisms. 3- Production & proliferation of immunocompetent B & T lymphocytes. 4- Production of antibodies.
- 8. Tonsils (1) Palatine Tonsils. (2) Pharyngeal Tonsil. (3) Lingual Tonsils.
- 9. PALATINE TONSILS Structure: 1- Epithelium: non-keratinized stratified squamous. 2- Tonsilar crypts. 3- Lymphatic nodules. 4- Capsule: partial. FUNCTION OF TONSILS Production of antibodies.
- 10. THYMUS A) Stroma: 1-Capsule 2-Interlobular trabeculae: incomplete B) Thymic lobule: 1-Cortex 2-Medulla
- 11. CORTEX OF THYMIC LOBULE A) It contains developing (immature) T- lymphocytes (thymocytes). 98% of thymocytes die? B) Epithelial reticular cells C) Macrophages. N.B. No lymphatic nodules No plasma cells No B-lymphocytes
- 12. MEDULLA OF THYMIC LOBULE 1-Hassall’s (thymic) corpuscles: -Concentrically arranged epithelial reticular cells in the medulla. 2- Mature small T lymphocytes 3- Macrophages. 4- Epithelial reticular cells. N.B. Medulla of adjacent thymic lobules are interconnected- Why? Incomplete trabeculae
- 13. FUNCTION OF THYMUS Maturation of T lymphocytes. (Immunoincompetent T cells →→→ Immunocompetent T cells).
- 14. General notes about thymus • No lymphoid nodules • No reticular fibers • No sinuses or sinusoids