1) Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965 due to growing political and racial tensions between the two territories. The ruling PAP party in Singapore had a different vision than UMNO-led alliance in Malaysia. 2) Racial riots in 1964 threatened Singapore's stability and prosperity, as opposition used racial politics to criticize PAP. Indonesian confrontation through bombings also posed security threats. 3) Disagreements over economic policies and the treatment of different races widened the rift between Singapore and the central government in Kuala Lumpur, ultimately leading to Singapore's separation in 1965.

1. It’s official ! Read all about it!!!!

3. @#%#^&% How come nobody told me about it? SEPARATION FROM MALAYSIA

4. 1 . Singapore in Malaysia 2. Political Rivalry 3. Racial Politics : The Campaign against the PAP 4. Threats to Singapore’s Peace and Prosperity 5. Disagreements over Economic Matters 6. Campaign for a Malaysian Malaysia 7. Singapore out of Malaysia and on its Own SEPARATION FROM MALAYSIA

5. LKY pledged loyalty to the Central Government [CG] Central Government made up of : SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA

6. LKY expressed the hope that Singapore and the CG could work together like brothers but this was not to be Both had different views about Malaysia and how it should be governed Why the different views ? SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA

7. REASONS : 1. Background of political parties 2. Treatment of different races SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA

8. MALAY A Political parties formed along racial lines UMNO - Malays MCA - Chinese MIC - Indians Main goal was to look after the interests of their own communities Multi-racial parties were not popular SINGAPORE Most political parties were multi-racial Did not aim to promote the interest of one community over another SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA

9. MALAY A Special rights given to Malays to improve their standard of living SINGAPORE Special rights did not exist PAP believed that people’s standard of living will improve through education and industrialisation Equal opportunity for all to succeed SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA

10. CG expected Singapore to adapt to the system already in place Singapore wanted Malaysian leaders to stop thinking along racial lines This basic difference created problems between the two governments Strained relationship and eventually led to separation SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA

11. Tell me more! SEPARATION FROM MALAYSIA

12. Sep 1963 Singapore State Elections Alliance leaders in KL wanted Singapore Alliance to have more seats in the Singapore Legislative Assembly Singapore Alliance did not win any seats won 37 out of 51 seats UMNO was most unhappy Election results showed that Singapore Malays supported the PAP’s programme for improving their standard of living POLITICAL RIVALRY

13. 1964 Federal Election Before 1964, had no branches outside Singapore decided to take part in the 1964 Federal Election as a Malaysian political party Goals : 1. Build a Malaysian Malaysia 2. Provide all with necessary skills and equal opportunities to succeed Alliance leaders were upset because had promised not to take part in Federal Elections POLITICAL RIVALRY

14. 1964 Federal Election arguments : Since the Alliance had taken part in the 1963 Singapore State Election, it was only natural that the PAP contested the Federal Election Alliance leaders, especially UMNO, were angry with the campaign as it seemed to criticise the way Malaya was governed by the Alliance drew large crowds to its rallies but only won 1 seat Alliance won 89 out of 104 but was worried about popularity POLITICAL RIVALRY

15. After the Fed elections, UMNO wanted to win back Malay votes in Singapore 1. Some UMNO leaders began to criticise the PAP Government for not looking after the interests of the Malays in Singapore 2. An anti-PAP campaign was started through the Malay press, especially the Utusan Melayu (UM) ISSUE Redevelopment in Crawford, Kg Glam and Rochor areas 2,500 families resettled; 200 were Malay families UM claimed that 3,000 Malays were affected RACIAL POLITICS THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE PAP

16. Over time, more misleading articles appeared in the UM To ease growing racial tension, LKY met 900 Malay representatives in July 1964 Govt would do its best to help Malays overcome problems of education, employment and housing UM continued with its anti-PAP campaign In the end, the racial tension in Singapore lead to two race riots. RACIAL POLITICS THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE PAP

17. Internal Threat : The 1964 Race Riots 21 July 1964 : 25,000 Malays gathered at the Padang to celebrate Prophet Mohammed’s birthday Anti-PAP speeches by various Malay leaders Procession to Geylang THREATS TO SINGAPORE The procession on its way to Geylang

18. Internal Threat : The 1964 Race Riots Singapore Government’s version : Small incident sparked off race riots After that, more groups became unruly and attacked Chinese passers-by and spectators Soon, clashes between Malays and Chinese in various parts of Singapore reported Curfew imposed 9.30 pm to 6.00 am Lifted only on 2 Aug 1964 THREATS TO SINGAPORE

19. THREATS TO SINGAPORE Police cordon beside the Kallang Gas Works after the outbreak of racial riots

20. Internal Threat : The 1964 Race Riots Goodwill committees set up Made up of community leaders from various racial groups Help to restore peace and harmony LKY and Tun Razak toured the island to calm things down THREATS TO SINGAPORE

21. THREATS TO SINGAPORE LKY urging people to remain calm

22. Internal Threat : The 1964 Race Riots Second riot in Sep 1964 Malay trishaw rider murdered; Chinese accused of murder Led to another race riot and curfew imposed again 13 dead, 106 injured THREATS TO SINGAPORE

23. Significance of race riots Showed how easily peace and harmony in Singapore could be broken Clashes did not get completely out of control because of the curfew and riot troops Also because of goodwill between the Chinese and Malays THREATS TO SINGAPORE

24. Internal Threat : The Indonesian Confrontation Indonesia broke off relations with Malaysia in Sep 1963 Embargo : Singapore experience a decline in trade and some unemployment Not severe as there was still trade with other countries THREATS TO SINGAPORE

25. Internal Threat : The Indonesian Confrontation A more serious aspect of Confrontation : Disruptive action by Indonesian agents in Singapore Set off bombs which killed innocent people and damaged property 29 bombs set off by Mar 1965 Most serious : March 1965 Bomb at MacDonald House killed 3 and injured 33 THREATS TO SINGAPORE

26. Internal Threat : The Indonesian Confrontation Voluntary Vigilante Corps was set up in Apr 1964 to help the police and army defend Singapore More than 10,000 signed up Community Centres serve as bases for their patrols Confrontation ended in Aug 1966 after a new government took over control of Indonesia Confrontation and 1964 racial riots show that we should not take peace and prosperity in Singapore for granted THREATS TO SINGAPORE

27. The End