Under-inflated tires are a major problem, wasting over 1 billion gallons of fuel per year in the US alone. Self-inflating tire systems aim to address this by automatically maintaining proper tire pressure levels. These systems use sensors to detect pressure drops and pneumatic components like compressors, valves, and distribution lines to re-inflate tires. When implemented widely, self-inflating tire systems could save significant amounts of fuel, reduce emissions, and prevent injuries from under-inflated tire-related accidents each year.
The document summarizes self-inflating tire systems. It discusses how self-inflating tires maintain optimal air pressure and allow vehicles to adjust to terrain conditions. Central tire inflation systems (CTIS) and tire maintenance systems (TMS) are described that use onboard air sources and sensors to monitor pressure and automatically inflate tires as needed. Future developments may include systems that continuously adjust pressure based on driving mode. Peristaltic pumps are discussed that can pull air from the atmosphere to inflate under-inflated tires.
This document discusses under-inflated tires and self-inflating tire systems. It provides statistics showing that a large percentage of vehicles have under-inflated tires, resulting in wasted fuel and increased emissions. Self-inflating tire systems aim to automatically detect low tire pressure and inflate tires back to the proper level. Such systems could save on fuel and reduce accidents by ensuring proper tire inflation is maintained. The document then outlines several self-inflating tire system designs and their components, benefits of these systems, and one system's award for innovation.
This document discusses under-inflated tires and self-inflating tire systems. It provides statistics showing that a large percentage of vehicles have under-inflated tires, resulting in wasted fuel and increased emissions. Self-inflating tire systems aim to automatically detect low tire pressure and inflate tires back to the proper level. Such systems could save on fuel and reduce accidents by ensuring proper tire inflation is maintained. The document then outlines several self-inflating tire system designs and their components, benefits of these systems, and one system's award for innovation.
The document is a project report on an automatic tire inflation system. It includes:
- An introduction describing the challenges of improperly inflated tires and benefits of automatic inflation.
- Sections on tire inflation basics, self-inflating systems, central tire inflation systems, and descriptions of the main components like the air compressor, pressure switch, non-return valve, and air seal.
- Details on the design of the student's model, which uses an air compressor, pressure switch, non-return valve, air seal and gauges to automatically inflate a tire to a preset pressure.
- Explanations of how the system works to inflate the tire when pressure drops and stop inflation once reached.
Self-inflating tires use energy from wheel rotation to maintain optimal tire pressure levels. They integrate a peristaltic tube chamber into the tire wall that is closed by tire deformation. Sensors monitor pressure and a control unit activates compressors as needed to add or release air. This helps prevent accidents from underinflation and optimizes performance for different terrains. While more expensive initially, self-inflating tires provide benefits like increased safety, fuel efficiency, and tire longevity. Future systems aim to automatically adjust pressure during vehicle operation.
A central tire inflation system (CTIS) is a system to provide control over the air pressure in each tire of a vehicle as a way to improve performance on different surfaces. For example, lowering the air pressure in a tire creates a larger area of contact between the tire and the ground and makes driving on softer ground much easier. It also does less damage to the surface. This is important on work sites and in agricultural fields. By giving the driver direct control over the air pressure in each tire, maneuverability is greatly improved.
1. The document discusses self-inflating tire systems which can automatically inflate or deflate tires based on road conditions to maintain optimal tire pressure.
2. It describes several common self-inflating tire systems including CTIS, TMS, and AIRGO and explains their basic components and functions.
3. The key benefits of self-inflating tire systems are longer tire life, reduced fuel consumption, increased stability and productivity, while the main challenges are their complexity, cost and weight compared to conventional tires.
Self-inflating tires automatically inflate or deflate tires based on road conditions. They use sensors to detect air pressure and valves to isolate each tire. When pressure drops in a tire, the system notifies the driver and inflates the tire. There are different types of systems, but they generally include an air source, valves, pressure sensors, and controls. Self-inflating tires provide optimal air pressure for different surfaces, but they are more expensive than conventional tires and require more maintenance. However, their use is expected to grow as the technology improves.
The document summarizes self-inflating tire systems. It discusses how self-inflating tires maintain optimal air pressure and allow vehicles to adjust to terrain conditions. Central tire inflation systems (CTIS) and tire maintenance systems (TMS) are described that use onboard air sources and sensors to monitor pressure and automatically inflate tires as needed. Future developments may include systems that continuously adjust pressure based on driving mode. Peristaltic pumps are discussed that can pull air from the atmosphere to inflate under-inflated tires.
This document discusses under-inflated tires and self-inflating tire systems. It provides statistics showing that a large percentage of vehicles have under-inflated tires, resulting in wasted fuel and increased emissions. Self-inflating tire systems aim to automatically detect low tire pressure and inflate tires back to the proper level. Such systems could save on fuel and reduce accidents by ensuring proper tire inflation is maintained. The document then outlines several self-inflating tire system designs and their components, benefits of these systems, and one system's award for innovation.
This document discusses under-inflated tires and self-inflating tire systems. It provides statistics showing that a large percentage of vehicles have under-inflated tires, resulting in wasted fuel and increased emissions. Self-inflating tire systems aim to automatically detect low tire pressure and inflate tires back to the proper level. Such systems could save on fuel and reduce accidents by ensuring proper tire inflation is maintained. The document then outlines several self-inflating tire system designs and their components, benefits of these systems, and one system's award for innovation.
The document is a project report on an automatic tire inflation system. It includes:
- An introduction describing the challenges of improperly inflated tires and benefits of automatic inflation.
- Sections on tire inflation basics, self-inflating systems, central tire inflation systems, and descriptions of the main components like the air compressor, pressure switch, non-return valve, and air seal.
- Details on the design of the student's model, which uses an air compressor, pressure switch, non-return valve, air seal and gauges to automatically inflate a tire to a preset pressure.
- Explanations of how the system works to inflate the tire when pressure drops and stop inflation once reached.
Self-inflating tires use energy from wheel rotation to maintain optimal tire pressure levels. They integrate a peristaltic tube chamber into the tire wall that is closed by tire deformation. Sensors monitor pressure and a control unit activates compressors as needed to add or release air. This helps prevent accidents from underinflation and optimizes performance for different terrains. While more expensive initially, self-inflating tires provide benefits like increased safety, fuel efficiency, and tire longevity. Future systems aim to automatically adjust pressure during vehicle operation.
A central tire inflation system (CTIS) is a system to provide control over the air pressure in each tire of a vehicle as a way to improve performance on different surfaces. For example, lowering the air pressure in a tire creates a larger area of contact between the tire and the ground and makes driving on softer ground much easier. It also does less damage to the surface. This is important on work sites and in agricultural fields. By giving the driver direct control over the air pressure in each tire, maneuverability is greatly improved.
1. The document discusses self-inflating tire systems which can automatically inflate or deflate tires based on road conditions to maintain optimal tire pressure.
2. It describes several common self-inflating tire systems including CTIS, TMS, and AIRGO and explains their basic components and functions.
3. The key benefits of self-inflating tire systems are longer tire life, reduced fuel consumption, increased stability and productivity, while the main challenges are their complexity, cost and weight compared to conventional tires.
Self-inflating tires automatically inflate or deflate tires based on road conditions. They use sensors to detect air pressure and valves to isolate each tire. When pressure drops in a tire, the system notifies the driver and inflates the tire. There are different types of systems, but they generally include an air source, valves, pressure sensors, and controls. Self-inflating tires provide optimal air pressure for different surfaces, but they are more expensive than conventional tires and require more maintenance. However, their use is expected to grow as the technology improves.
The user manual provides instructions for operating and maintaining a vehicle's cooling system. It describes how the cooling system works by circulating coolant through the engine and radiator to control the engine's temperature. The manual explains the purpose of components like the water pump, thermostat, radiator, and hoses. It provides guidelines for inspecting belts, hoses, and checking coolant levels to ensure the system is functioning properly. The manual also includes diagrams of the cooling system and impact sequences in a collision to illustrate airbag deployment.
An air brake system uses compressed air to apply pressure to brake pads to stop vehicles. George Westinghouse first developed air brakes for railroads in the late 1800s. In the early 1900s, air brakes were adopted for use in trucks and other heavy road vehicles due to their reliability. An air brake system has several components including an air compressor, air reservoirs, a foot valve, brake chambers, and brake linings or rotors. The compressor pumps compressed air into reservoirs, which is then applied to the brakes via the foot valve and chambers when stopping is needed. Air brakes are advantageous for heavy vehicles due to their reliability and ability to stop even with leaks, but do require more training and maintenance than hydraulic bra
IRJET- Automatic Air Inflation in Vehicle TyreIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic air inflation system for vehicle tires. The system uses sensors to monitor tire pressure and a control unit to automatically inflate tires when pressure drops. It can maintain proper tire pressure even while the vehicle is in motion. Benefits include improved safety, fuel efficiency, and tire life by ensuring consistent tire inflation. The proposed system uses off-the-shelf components like a pressure sensor, microcontroller, display, solenoid valves, and an air compressor. It works by using the sensor to detect pressure drops and the controller to open or close solenoid valves to inflate tires or release excess air as needed to maintain the programmed pressure setting.
The document discusses the air and brake systems of a 793D truck. It has separate parking/secondary and service/retarder brake systems. The parking brakes are spring engaged and hydraulically released, while the service brakes are engaged hydraulically via an air-over-oil system. An engine-driven air compressor supplies air to functions like braking and starting. The air flows through tanks, valves, and cylinders to engage the different brake systems.
The document discusses electronic fuel injection systems used in modern vehicles. It lists group members and contents, then provides an introduction to electronic fuel injection. It describes the main components of the system, including air induction sensors that provide inputs to the electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU then controls various output actuators like fuel injectors. The document outlines different fuel injection types and discusses each component in more detail. It concludes by listing some advantages of electronic fuel injection over conventional carbureted systems.
THIS PPT IS MAINLY BASED ON HOW THE ELCTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT VEHICLES AND IN THIS WE HAVE DISCUSSED DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES IN DIFFERENT VEHIOCLEWS AND THEIR MODELS ALSO AND THEIR SYSTEMS ALSO IN THE VEHICLES AND THEIR COMPONENTS AND THEIR USES ARE ALSO MENTIONED IN THIS PPT SO IT IS USEFUL FOR BOTH MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONICS STUDENTS
IRJET- Individual Wheel Control and Hand Brake SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an individual wheel control and hand brake system for vehicles. It begins with an abstract that outlines an innovative idea to replace the traditional brake lever with a switch-type hand braking system. This would help overcome issues like lever jamming. It then provides details on how the system works, which includes a brake pedal, master cylinder, brake drum, control switch, and brake lines. The control switch can control the pressure of brake oil passing through it to individually apply brakes to wheels. Advantages over traditional hand brakes include more effective braking ability and ability to brake individual wheels, such as if one is stuck in mud. The document also provides background information on hydraulic braking systems, master cylinders, and
This document provides information about a CDL training programme offered by Medessy Enterprises Limited - NG-Ride. The programme aims to provide trainees with the necessary knowledge and skills to obtain a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) through online learning, tasks, assignments and testing. It is intended for experienced drivers, individuals pursuing truck driving as a career, and those seeking employment in the US transport industry. Upon completing the programme, trainees will be equipped to pass the required tests and receive the certification needed to work as professional truck drivers.
Description of the types of Fuel Dispensers, internal components, and principle of operation.
Measures adopted to ensure best safety and environmentally friendly practices when dispensing fuel at the fuel station such as ensuring low to no nozzle dripping as well as vapor recovery mechanism.
The document discusses various advanced automotive technologies used to improve fuel efficiency, including automated manual transmissions (AMT) and continuously variable transmissions (CVT) that reduce driveline losses. It also describes integrated starter/generator (ISG) systems that turn off the engine at stops to reduce idling losses and use regenerative braking to recover braking energy. The document provides details on how anti-lock braking systems and airbags work to improve vehicle safety.
Pressure Pro gives you peace of mind knowing that your tires, your only contact with the road, are inflated properly for optimum performance and handling. Properly inflated tires last longer. The life of your tire is extended due to less tread wear. The Department of Transportation estimates that 5.4 million gallons of fuel per day (over 2 billion per year) are wasted due to low tire pressure
Railway wagon braking system pdf by salim malikSalim Malik
The document discusses different braking systems used in railway wagons and passenger cars. It describes how the main braking systems - air brakes, vacuum brakes, and electric dynamic brakes - work by converting kinetic energy from a moving train into heat energy to slow and stop the train. It also introduces newer electronically controlled pneumatic brakes that aim to overcome some limitations of traditional air braking systems. Specifically, air brakes are now the most common system and work by using compressed air to push brake blocks onto wheels or pads onto discs to slow the train down.
Self-inflating tires automatically inflate or deflate tires based on road conditions to maintain optimal tire pressure. There are several systems for self-inflating tires that use valves, pressure sensors, air sources, and relief vents. They detect low pressure and inflate tires back to the proper level. Future systems aim to make the entire process intelligent and more efficient. However, self-inflating tires are currently more expensive and complex than conventional tires.
M.a.r.s mechanized air refilling systemijistjournal
Every section of an automobile is getting automated except one- Tires. To inflate a tire, the driver has to go
to a gas station or he has to attach a pump manually. Both these involve human labor. This project is
aimed at removing such unwanted strain and save time. The system has a dedicated unit for filling air
whenever required. A control unit which is a pic microcontroller is the brain of the system. When the
pressure level is below the threshold value chosen by the driver, the system displays it. The driver then may
choose to refill the air automatically. A compact pump does the job. Another problem in tires is a puncture.
A sudden puncture can cause the driver to lose control, culminating in an accident. The project’s minor
objective revolves around this. During a puncture the air pressure reduces suddenly. This reduction in
pressure over a time limit is identified as a puncture. It warns the driver of a puncture and saves life. The
other way of detecting a puncture is by calculating the ON time of the pump. If the pump is in ON state for
a long time and there is no improvement in the pressure level it is recognized as a puncture. It also saves a
lot of money by giving more longevity to the tire and better mileage. As the tire is filled with optimum air,
the friction between the tire and the road is maintained properly. Henceforth, the tire is not damaged much
and the fuel consumption is reduced. The project is destined to be a life and money saver.
M.A.R.S - Mechanized Air Refilling Systemijistjournal
1. The document describes M.A.R.S (Mechanized Air Refilling System), a system that automatically refills tire pressure in vehicles. It aims to remove the need for manual labor in refilling tires and save time.
2. M.A.R.S consists of a control unit, pumping unit, and display unit. The control unit coordinates the system and monitors tire pressure. The pumping unit includes compact pumps attached to each tire to refill air. The display unit allows the driver to select pressure thresholds and view pressure levels.
3. The system can automatically refill tires when pressure is low and detect punctures by monitoring for sudden pressure drops over time. Maintaining optimal tire pressure
This document provides an overview of air brake systems that are commonly used on tractor-trailers and other large commercial vehicles. It describes the main components of air brake systems, including the foundation brakes, air supply subsystem, primary and secondary circuits, and spring brake subsystem. The air supply subsystem uses an air compressor, governor, air tanks, and optional air dryer to store and regulate compressed air. The foundation brakes use either drum brakes or disc brakes to stop the wheels. Air is routed through the primary and secondary circuits to apply the service brakes. The spring brake subsystem provides emergency braking ability.
This document provides an overview of air brake systems used on commercial vehicles. It discusses how air brake systems use compressed air stored in tanks to produce braking force. The key components of air brake systems are then outlined, including the foundation brake components of drum and disc brakes, the air supply subsystem of compressors, governors, tanks and dryers, and the primary and secondary subsystems which use a dual circuit design for redundancy. The document provides details on how these various components work and interact to stop the vehicle when the driver presses the brake pedal.
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) - An IntroductionSaurav Mukherjee
The document provides an introduction to tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS). It discusses why TPMS are important for safety and fuel economy reasons. It describes the requirements for TPMS according to US and European legislation. It then explains the three main types of TPMS - indirect, direct, and hybrid systems. Indirect systems use wheel speed sensors to detect pressure differences while direct systems have sensors on each wheel transmitting pressure readings. Hybrid systems combine aspects of both.
The document provides information about air brake systems used in large vehicles. It begins with an opening prayer for online studies. It then discusses the objectives of discussing the purpose and components of air brake systems and explaining their working principle. It defines brakes as devices that use friction to slow or stop motion. It explains that air brakes use compressed air to apply pressure to brake pads to stop vehicles. The document outlines the three stages of braking - charging, applying, and releasing brakes. It identifies the main components of the air brake system including the service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake. It closes by noting air brakes require trained operators due to their complex nature.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program by Kevin MillerForth
Kevin Miller, Senior Advisor, Business Models of the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
The user manual provides instructions for operating and maintaining a vehicle's cooling system. It describes how the cooling system works by circulating coolant through the engine and radiator to control the engine's temperature. The manual explains the purpose of components like the water pump, thermostat, radiator, and hoses. It provides guidelines for inspecting belts, hoses, and checking coolant levels to ensure the system is functioning properly. The manual also includes diagrams of the cooling system and impact sequences in a collision to illustrate airbag deployment.
An air brake system uses compressed air to apply pressure to brake pads to stop vehicles. George Westinghouse first developed air brakes for railroads in the late 1800s. In the early 1900s, air brakes were adopted for use in trucks and other heavy road vehicles due to their reliability. An air brake system has several components including an air compressor, air reservoirs, a foot valve, brake chambers, and brake linings or rotors. The compressor pumps compressed air into reservoirs, which is then applied to the brakes via the foot valve and chambers when stopping is needed. Air brakes are advantageous for heavy vehicles due to their reliability and ability to stop even with leaks, but do require more training and maintenance than hydraulic bra
IRJET- Automatic Air Inflation in Vehicle TyreIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic air inflation system for vehicle tires. The system uses sensors to monitor tire pressure and a control unit to automatically inflate tires when pressure drops. It can maintain proper tire pressure even while the vehicle is in motion. Benefits include improved safety, fuel efficiency, and tire life by ensuring consistent tire inflation. The proposed system uses off-the-shelf components like a pressure sensor, microcontroller, display, solenoid valves, and an air compressor. It works by using the sensor to detect pressure drops and the controller to open or close solenoid valves to inflate tires or release excess air as needed to maintain the programmed pressure setting.
The document discusses the air and brake systems of a 793D truck. It has separate parking/secondary and service/retarder brake systems. The parking brakes are spring engaged and hydraulically released, while the service brakes are engaged hydraulically via an air-over-oil system. An engine-driven air compressor supplies air to functions like braking and starting. The air flows through tanks, valves, and cylinders to engage the different brake systems.
The document discusses electronic fuel injection systems used in modern vehicles. It lists group members and contents, then provides an introduction to electronic fuel injection. It describes the main components of the system, including air induction sensors that provide inputs to the electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU then controls various output actuators like fuel injectors. The document outlines different fuel injection types and discusses each component in more detail. It concludes by listing some advantages of electronic fuel injection over conventional carbureted systems.
THIS PPT IS MAINLY BASED ON HOW THE ELCTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT VEHICLES AND IN THIS WE HAVE DISCUSSED DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES IN DIFFERENT VEHIOCLEWS AND THEIR MODELS ALSO AND THEIR SYSTEMS ALSO IN THE VEHICLES AND THEIR COMPONENTS AND THEIR USES ARE ALSO MENTIONED IN THIS PPT SO IT IS USEFUL FOR BOTH MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONICS STUDENTS
IRJET- Individual Wheel Control and Hand Brake SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an individual wheel control and hand brake system for vehicles. It begins with an abstract that outlines an innovative idea to replace the traditional brake lever with a switch-type hand braking system. This would help overcome issues like lever jamming. It then provides details on how the system works, which includes a brake pedal, master cylinder, brake drum, control switch, and brake lines. The control switch can control the pressure of brake oil passing through it to individually apply brakes to wheels. Advantages over traditional hand brakes include more effective braking ability and ability to brake individual wheels, such as if one is stuck in mud. The document also provides background information on hydraulic braking systems, master cylinders, and
This document provides information about a CDL training programme offered by Medessy Enterprises Limited - NG-Ride. The programme aims to provide trainees with the necessary knowledge and skills to obtain a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) through online learning, tasks, assignments and testing. It is intended for experienced drivers, individuals pursuing truck driving as a career, and those seeking employment in the US transport industry. Upon completing the programme, trainees will be equipped to pass the required tests and receive the certification needed to work as professional truck drivers.
Description of the types of Fuel Dispensers, internal components, and principle of operation.
Measures adopted to ensure best safety and environmentally friendly practices when dispensing fuel at the fuel station such as ensuring low to no nozzle dripping as well as vapor recovery mechanism.
The document discusses various advanced automotive technologies used to improve fuel efficiency, including automated manual transmissions (AMT) and continuously variable transmissions (CVT) that reduce driveline losses. It also describes integrated starter/generator (ISG) systems that turn off the engine at stops to reduce idling losses and use regenerative braking to recover braking energy. The document provides details on how anti-lock braking systems and airbags work to improve vehicle safety.
Pressure Pro gives you peace of mind knowing that your tires, your only contact with the road, are inflated properly for optimum performance and handling. Properly inflated tires last longer. The life of your tire is extended due to less tread wear. The Department of Transportation estimates that 5.4 million gallons of fuel per day (over 2 billion per year) are wasted due to low tire pressure
Railway wagon braking system pdf by salim malikSalim Malik
The document discusses different braking systems used in railway wagons and passenger cars. It describes how the main braking systems - air brakes, vacuum brakes, and electric dynamic brakes - work by converting kinetic energy from a moving train into heat energy to slow and stop the train. It also introduces newer electronically controlled pneumatic brakes that aim to overcome some limitations of traditional air braking systems. Specifically, air brakes are now the most common system and work by using compressed air to push brake blocks onto wheels or pads onto discs to slow the train down.
Self-inflating tires automatically inflate or deflate tires based on road conditions to maintain optimal tire pressure. There are several systems for self-inflating tires that use valves, pressure sensors, air sources, and relief vents. They detect low pressure and inflate tires back to the proper level. Future systems aim to make the entire process intelligent and more efficient. However, self-inflating tires are currently more expensive and complex than conventional tires.
M.a.r.s mechanized air refilling systemijistjournal
Every section of an automobile is getting automated except one- Tires. To inflate a tire, the driver has to go
to a gas station or he has to attach a pump manually. Both these involve human labor. This project is
aimed at removing such unwanted strain and save time. The system has a dedicated unit for filling air
whenever required. A control unit which is a pic microcontroller is the brain of the system. When the
pressure level is below the threshold value chosen by the driver, the system displays it. The driver then may
choose to refill the air automatically. A compact pump does the job. Another problem in tires is a puncture.
A sudden puncture can cause the driver to lose control, culminating in an accident. The project’s minor
objective revolves around this. During a puncture the air pressure reduces suddenly. This reduction in
pressure over a time limit is identified as a puncture. It warns the driver of a puncture and saves life. The
other way of detecting a puncture is by calculating the ON time of the pump. If the pump is in ON state for
a long time and there is no improvement in the pressure level it is recognized as a puncture. It also saves a
lot of money by giving more longevity to the tire and better mileage. As the tire is filled with optimum air,
the friction between the tire and the road is maintained properly. Henceforth, the tire is not damaged much
and the fuel consumption is reduced. The project is destined to be a life and money saver.
M.A.R.S - Mechanized Air Refilling Systemijistjournal
1. The document describes M.A.R.S (Mechanized Air Refilling System), a system that automatically refills tire pressure in vehicles. It aims to remove the need for manual labor in refilling tires and save time.
2. M.A.R.S consists of a control unit, pumping unit, and display unit. The control unit coordinates the system and monitors tire pressure. The pumping unit includes compact pumps attached to each tire to refill air. The display unit allows the driver to select pressure thresholds and view pressure levels.
3. The system can automatically refill tires when pressure is low and detect punctures by monitoring for sudden pressure drops over time. Maintaining optimal tire pressure
This document provides an overview of air brake systems that are commonly used on tractor-trailers and other large commercial vehicles. It describes the main components of air brake systems, including the foundation brakes, air supply subsystem, primary and secondary circuits, and spring brake subsystem. The air supply subsystem uses an air compressor, governor, air tanks, and optional air dryer to store and regulate compressed air. The foundation brakes use either drum brakes or disc brakes to stop the wheels. Air is routed through the primary and secondary circuits to apply the service brakes. The spring brake subsystem provides emergency braking ability.
This document provides an overview of air brake systems used on commercial vehicles. It discusses how air brake systems use compressed air stored in tanks to produce braking force. The key components of air brake systems are then outlined, including the foundation brake components of drum and disc brakes, the air supply subsystem of compressors, governors, tanks and dryers, and the primary and secondary subsystems which use a dual circuit design for redundancy. The document provides details on how these various components work and interact to stop the vehicle when the driver presses the brake pedal.
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) - An IntroductionSaurav Mukherjee
The document provides an introduction to tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS). It discusses why TPMS are important for safety and fuel economy reasons. It describes the requirements for TPMS according to US and European legislation. It then explains the three main types of TPMS - indirect, direct, and hybrid systems. Indirect systems use wheel speed sensors to detect pressure differences while direct systems have sensors on each wheel transmitting pressure readings. Hybrid systems combine aspects of both.
The document provides information about air brake systems used in large vehicles. It begins with an opening prayer for online studies. It then discusses the objectives of discussing the purpose and components of air brake systems and explaining their working principle. It defines brakes as devices that use friction to slow or stop motion. It explains that air brakes use compressed air to apply pressure to brake pads to stop vehicles. The document outlines the three stages of braking - charging, applying, and releasing brakes. It identifies the main components of the air brake system including the service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake. It closes by noting air brakes require trained operators due to their complex nature.
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85887462-Self-Inflating-Tires.pptx
1.
2. 27% of passenger cars and 32% of light trucks have at least one tire under
pressured by more than 25%. This results in 1.24 billion gallons of wasted fuel per
year (costing 3.7 billion USD).
38% of cars in the EU drive on under-inflated tires. This results in 5.3 billon liters
of wasted fuel worth of 7 billion EUR, and an extra 12.3 million tons of CO2
released into the atmosphere.
87% of all flat tires have a history of under-inflation.
Every year, 4.5 million tires need to be replaced before their designed lifespan.
3. A statistics showed that tires which are under inflated by as little as 2 psi reduce
fuel efficiency by 10 percent. Over a year of driving, that can amount to several
hundred dollars in extra fuel purchases.
One of the reasons for Road Accident to occur is less or Insufficient Tire
Pressure. In the United States, 660 persons die and 33,000 are injured every year
due to this reason.
Near about 10,000 injuries could be prevented per year if all vehicles were
equipped with tire pressure monitoring systems.
So, we can say that we require a system that is easy
and inexpensive to produce and would bring enormous
savings in fuel, pollution, and human lives when
implemented on a large scale.
4.
5. Self-inflating tires allow a vehicle to adjust to the current
terrain for ideal performance and safety in those conditions.
Self-inflating tires are designed to constantly maintain tire
pressure at the proper level.
Self-inflating systems are designed more for slow leaks and
for optimizing performance and safety.
Self-inflation systems helps in re-inflation of tires to proper
level
6. Detect when the air pressure in a particular tire has dropped
Notify the driver of the problem.
Inflate that tire back to the proper level
7. Valve to isolate individual tires
Sensors for sensing the tire pressures
Air source, which is usually an existing onboard source
Getting the air from the air source to the tires, which is usually
through the axle Systems either use a sealed-hub axle with a hose from the
hub to the tire valve or else they run tubes through the axle with the axle
acting as a conduit.
A pressure relief vent to vent air from the tire without risking damage
to the hub or rear-axle seals.
8. 1.Semi Tire Inflation System (STIS)
2.The Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS)
3.Tire Maintenance System and AIRGO
4.Automatic Central Tire Inflation System
9. The idea behind the CTIS is to provide
control over the air pressure in
each tire as a way to improve
performance on different surfaces.
By giving the driver direct control over
the air pressure in each tire,
maneuverability is greatly improved.
Another function of the CTIS is to
maintain pressure in the tires if there is a
slow leak or puncture. In this case, the
system controls inflation automatically
based on the selected pressure the
driver has set.
10. 1. A wheel valve
2. Electronic control unit
3. Pneumatic control unit
4. Operator control panel
5. Speed sensor
6. Pressure switch
11.
12. A wheel valve is located at each wheel end.
Part of the wheel valve's job is to isolate the tire from the system when it's not
in use in order to let the pressure off of the seal and extend its life.
The wheel valve also enables on-demand inflation and deflation of the tires.
An electronic control unit (ECU) mounted behind the passenger seat is the brain
of the system.
It processes driver commands, monitors all signals through out the system and
tells the system to check tire pressures every 10 minutes.
13. The ECU sends commands to the pneumatic control unit, which directly
controls the wheel valves and air system.
The pneumatic control unit also contains a sensor that transmits tire
pressure readings to ECU.
An operator control panel allows the driver to select tire-pressure modes to
match current conditions.
This dash-mounted panel displays current tire pressures, selected modes and
system status.
When the driver selects a tire-pressure setting, signals from the control panel
travel to the electronic control unit and from there it goes to the pneumatic
control unit and finally reaches the wheel valves.
14. The CTIS includes a speed sensor that sends vehicle speed information to the
electronic control unit.
If the vehicle continues moving at a higher speed for a set period of times,
the system automatically inflates the tires to an appropriate pressure for that
speed.
This type of system uses air from the same compressor that supplies air to the
brakes.
A pressure switch makes sure the brake system gets priority, preventing the
CTIS from taking air from the supply tank until the brake system is fully charged.
15. The electronic control unit tells the
pneumatic control unit to check current
pressure and either inflate or deflate the
tire to the pressure selected by the
driver.
If the system determines that inflation
is needed, it first checks to make sure
that brake pressure reserves are where
they should be
If they are, it applies a slight pressure
to the wheel valve to allow inflation.
If the tires are over inflated, the
system applies a slight vacuum to the
wheel valve.
When the pneumatic control unit
reads that the appropriate pressure is
reached, the valve closes.
16.
17. Air tank
Pressure Protection Valve
Shut-off valve
Filter
Control Box
Air-supply line
The overall system is made up of a
wheel-end assembly and a control
module
18. The wheel-end assembly includes
A flexible hose with check valves.
The check valves only allow air to flow
into each tire and ensure that while one tire
is being inflated, the other tires doesn’t lose
air pressure.
A stator (a non-rotating part) inside the
axle spindle
A flow-through tee that is attached to the
hubcap.
A deflector shield keeps contaminants
such as dirt and water from entering the
wheel end.
19. The system control module includes
A shut-off valve to stop air from being sent to the
system.
A filter to remove moisture and contaminants.
The petcock releases system pressure so
maintenance can be performed.
A pressure protection valve so that it won't pull air
if the air supply is below 80 psi.
A system pressure adjustment knob allows for
adjustments to the overall system air pressure.
A flow-sensing switch activates the indicator
light to let the driver knows if a significant amount
of air is being pumped into a tire, which would
indicate a potential puncture.
20. When a tire loses pressure, due to
a puncture or other seepage, a series
of check valves automatically detects
it.
The System then immediately
draws air from the vehicle’s
pneumatic system and directs it to
each tire requiring air.
The air pressure is delivered via the
trailer’s hollow axle housing.
The air then goes through the hub
assembly and into the tires. It is
completely isolated from the brake
system
21. The Self inflating system allows the users to adjust tire pressure to
suit prevailing conditions when traveling either on- or off-road.
This allows for an optimized tire pressure setting depending on
terrain type, and provides enhanced tire preservation, better tractive
performance, reduced soil compaction, improved fuel consumption,
and reduced overall operating cost.
Additionally, the system reduces downtimes associated with tire
malfunctions, such as minor punctures, leaks, or immobilization in
muddy terrain.
22.
23. Michelin is working with several other companies to develop an active pressure-
management system called TIPM (Tire Intelligent Pressure Management).
This system has a compressor that automatically adjusts the pressure in each tire
while the vehicle is in operation to compensate for leaks and slow-leak punctures.
There are two systems in the early development stages that are oriented toward the
consumer market
The EnTire system
The Cycloid Air Pump system(Auto Pump).
The EnTire Self-Inflating Tire system uses a valve that pulls in air from
the atmosphere. It then pumps the air into the under-inflated tire using a peristaltic-
pump action. The goal is to constantly maintain a specific pressure.
The Cycloid Air Pump system has a small, wheel-hub-mounted pump that is powered
by the turning of the wheels. When the system's monitor detects a drop in pressure of
2 to 3 psi, it pumps air into the underinflated tire. Auto Pump has a warning system
that is activated when there is a puncture.
24. Improved Mobility
Increased traction
Higher Vehicle speeds
Continuous vehicle operation in the presence of minor tire leaks
Longer tire life
Reduced fuel consumption
Protection against soil compaction
Increased driving stability
Enhanced productivity for field work
Improved pulling performance
Convenient push-button operation
25. Increases safety, comfort and fuel efficiency
Flexibility for drivers
Better option to reduce road accidents
Field programmable
Maintains appropriate pressure at higher speeds
Allows accurate selection of tire pressure for different terrains
and load conditions
Alerts driver of potential tire problems and system status