1. USER MANUAL
work presented by
JESUS Murillo Durango
Oscar David García
Jhomer Londoño Marín
teacher : Mauricio Martinez
2. SECURITY AND COMFORT
AIRBAG SAFETY SYSTEMARE
known plenty of advantages utilization ta repor belt.
Provides a means for fixing to seat firmly and surely avoided, in case of frontal collision or
side, the driver and passengers to fly because of the inertia
caused on impact. This system prevents displacement of the chest and waist of the
occupant
seat, however, does not prevent the head to become displaced to both achieve the
steering wheel. In the case of a frontal impact against a stationary object traveling at a
speed over 25-30km / h, there is a significant risk of serious injury
head, neck and upper torso of the seat occupant. To reduce the consequences
This type of accident has ado Unique Designs Airbag system. Basically, the airbag (which
translated means "air bag") is constituted by an inflatable cushion, placed inside the
driving, and capable of fully deployed in the event of impact, providing the occupant
an area of the vehicle on which it can absorb its displacement as a result of the
collision. This system reduces by more than 50% the risk of injury from
accident while reducing their severity if q ue even happen.
IMPACT 1.DIAGRAMA
When a car has a frontal collision at more than 30 km / h, all that happens within the
swelling takes place in a very short time interval of about 120 milliseconds,
that is, what it took to blink. In this time interval the body of occupants
vehicle is in a violent and uncontrolled movement to the front to be
3. cushioned by airbags and seatbelts. In the next figures uientes
observe the typical sequence of an accident (speed 56 km / h).
Here we see the exact moment of the collision (time 0). Neither occupant of the vehicle or
the
Airbag have moved. From this moment begins the whole process.
Between 5 and 20 ms after impact, depending Airbag system employed, the detonator
of the driver's air bag is activated by the system control unit and the blast
gas occurs generates enough that the air sa bowl begins to expand. in the
If the vehicle has Passenger airbag, it will normally be activated
simultaneously to the driver, although the latter depends on whether one or two leads
Airbag
detonators. If it takes two detonators, the second comes up with a few thousandths of
too late to prevent violence in the explosion and better control the spread of
Inflatable cushion.
4. After about 30 to 50 ms of the air cushion is fully inflated pending
receiving the impact of the driver's body.
INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS
Indicator engine temperatura
the vehicle should not exceed 90 degree heat and activate the fan should
drop 20 degrees
5. This indicator is essentially a thermometer and is present in every car with an engine
cooling system and liquid cooling in some air.
It is common for a needle indicator with scale graduated in degrees and in whose area
have drawn three colored zones, the first (yellow), even working for the engine cold, the
second (green). area representing optimal working temperature, and the third (red) to the
area of the motor overheats.
In some cases the type used digital screens, with temperature indicator or keywords.
Actually what is measured is the temperature of the engine coolant in the cylinder head
and close to the last cylinder, here is where the refrigerant has reached its highest
temperature has cooled because all cylinders. For this reason there is placed a sensor that
sends a signal indicator electrical panel which is registered by the needle as a temperature
value.
Almost all temperature measurement systems of automobiles today use as a thermistor
sensor, and as an indicator, an instrument for measuring the resistance value of the
thermistor with the graduated scale in degrees.
6. As the car is constantly subjected to accelerations and decelerations, lateral forces during
cornering and vertical oscillatory movement with road irregularities, the indicator should
have a mechanism of movement of the test needle to these disturbances, such as bi
indicator sheet galvanometer-metal frame or cross, so that this constant movement of the
car is not transmitted to the pointer, and thus show a steady reading
INSTRUCTIONS AND OPERATING
COOLING SYSTEM OPERATION
The cooling system is a system composed of parts and refrigerant that work together to
control the operating temperature of the engine and optimum performance. The system
has conduits inside the monoblock and engine head, and a pump that drives the band to
circulate the refrigerant, a thermostat to control the temperature of the refrigerant, a
radiator for cooling the refrigerant, a radiator for maintaining stopper the pressure in the
system and hoses for conducting coolant to the engine radiator.
The liquid flowing through the system, antifreeze or commonly referred to as a
refrigerant, supports extreme heat and cold, contains corrosion inhibitors and lubricants
to keep the system in optimal working condition.
The refrigerant starts its movement in the water pump. The impeller of the water pump
uses centrifugal force to circulate coolant radiator and propel the engine block. The
pumps are usually driven by the timing belt or timing chain. Now a days, there are even
electrically driven pumps. If the water pump experiences a seal leakage, a broken body, a
broken impeller or bearing malfunction, this will affect the entire cooling system causing
the vehicle to over-heat.
While the refrigerant flows through the system absorbs heat from the motor before
reaching the thermostat. The valve is a thermostat which measures refrigerant
temperature and opened to allow the hot fluid to the radiator trip. If the thermostat is
'sticky' or goes down, it affects the entire cooling system.
7. Once that is released by the thermostat, the hot refrigerant travels within a hose to be
cooled in the radiator. The refrigerant passes through thin tubes in the radiator and
cooled by the outside air passing through the tubes. Depending on vehicle speed, air flow
is provided during the shooting by the movement thereof (inlet air) and / or fans.
Restrictions on the radiator may compromise their ability to reduce the temperature.
These restrictions may be external or the internal air flow in the refrigerant flow
restriction. A malfunction of the electric motor of the fan or fan clutch may restrict air
flow through the radiator. Check / replace the fan clutch ... the expected useful life of the
water pump and fan clutch are about the same and share the same arrow. A failed fan
clutch that can cause severe damage to the water pump.
While the coolant temperature increases, the pressure also increases in the cooling
system. This pressure is regulated by the radiator cap. It requires a correct pressure in the
system to ensure proper lubrication of the seal. The refrigerant boiling point increases
with increasing pressure in the cooling system. For each pound per square inch is
increased cooling system pressure, the boiling point increases 3 ° F. If the pressure
increases above a specific point, a valve with a compressed spring open and release the
pressure. If the engine is over-heated, radiator cap and thermostat must be replaced.
It is important to regularly inspect the condition of the belts and hoses of your cooling
system. Hoses softened, bands that had been contaminated with oil, belts or hoses
fractured may cause malfunctions in the entire cooling system. It is also very important to
the proper tension of the belt.
Always refer to the manufacturer's manual to determine the type of coolant for your
vehicle. This and the proper mixture of coolant and distilled water are life to maintain the
cooling system properly. Most parts stores offer a premixed solution and distilled water
coolant. While this may seem like an unnecessary additional expense, with time, the
cleanliness of a premixed solution compensate for the amount paid.
8. Mineral deposits and sediments corroded parts accumulate in the cooling system. Before
making repairs to the cooling system, it is important to drain and clean the system prior to
the installation of new parts. This job is much easier if you use the drain-filling game.
Failure to clean the contaminated system previously installed the new parts and may
generate premature failure of components.
DIAGRAM
10. Basic inspection
Note! The questionnaire included Basic Service is a true copy. The document can be
updated without notice. The basic inspection is carried out to a maximum of 24,000 km
(15,000 miles) or 4 months, whichever comes first. All checkpoints must be carried out a
verification operation or condition.
All defects are noted on the inspection form for subsequent correction, if ordered by the
owner the vehicle. Note! The standard time for repair Preventive Maintenance Basic
Service is based on inspection and change oil and filter without any repair or adjustment.
SECURITY COUNCIL
Read and understand the precautions and guidelines in the Service Information, Groups 1-
9, "Practices General Safety Precautions "before performing any of these procedures. Ask
your supervisor to enable them, if not properly trained and certified in any these
procedures.
Never operate a diesel engine in an area where submit hydrocarbon emissions (gasoline
for example) or is suspected that its presence there. Hydrocarbon fumes can enter to the
air intake and the engine do sobrerevolucione, causing severe damage and / or explosion
or fire. It may be a serious personal injury or death.
11. before working on a vehicle, set the parking brake hand, put the transmission in neutral
and block wheels. Failure to do so may result in the unexpected vehicle movement and
can serial cause personal injury or death
When entering or leaving the cab, beware. Cójase always tight and / or stand stably
before transferring the weight to that position. No charge nothing when entering or
leaving. Make sure the soles of his shoes and steps have no cabin dirt, grease, oil or
moisture before using steps. Failure to do so may result a fall may occur serious personal
injury or death.
Clean up fuel spills immediately. The fuel that leaks or spills on surfaces hot or electrical
components can cause fire with the potential for serious injury personnel.
Serious burns can result from contact with Shaft hot oil, engine or transmission. Note
caution when draining the oil. Wear gloves and allow the engine to cool before draining.
HOT ENGINE! Keep yourself and your team away from all moving parts or hot engine. A
hot engine can cause serious quamaduras can permanently damage or damage to the
equipment proof.
