1. Smart cards are credit card sized cards with embedded integrated chips that act as security tokens. They connect to readers through direct contact or wireless technologies like RFID. 2. Smart cards have various applications including use in telecommunications, identification, government, financial, healthcare, loyalty programs, and transportation. 3. Business intelligence refers to collecting, storing, and analyzing business data to inform management decisions. It includes tools like spreadsheets, reporting software, data visualization, data mining, and online analytical processing.

1. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS III-BBA C.CHANDRAPRIYA M.Sc.,M.Phil.,
SMART card
A smart card is a physical card that has an embedded integrated chip that acts as a security token. Smart
cards are typically the same size as a driver's license or credit card and can be made out of metal or plastic.
They connect to a reader either by direct physical contact -- also known as chip and dip -- or through a short-
range wireless connectivity standard such as radio-frequency identification (RFID) or near-field
communication.
Application of smart card
Following are the applications of a smart card:-
1. Telecommunications:-Smart cards are widely used in the telecommunications industry. A SIM
card is an example of a card. It contains the information necessary to access the network.This
card can be inserted into any GSM phone, and the user is billed automatically. The user’s
location is detected, and any incoming calls are directed to that phone,
2. Identification:-The identification market benefits greatly from the security associated with
smart cards. For example, smart cards are being used in universities for their official student
identification card. Students use this card to gain access to certain facilities and events.
3. Government:-Smart cards are gaining importance with government agencies around the world.
They often are used to control areas of access for a government employee.
4. Financial:-Financial institutions were one of the first to adopt smart cards for various
application. There are several common uses of smart cards within the industry, including
electronic purses, credit and debit cards, and payment associations,
5. Health care:-Countries with national health care systems have employed smart cards to reduce
service costs associated with the health care industry.In France, a smart card focuses on an
insurance payment system, including features such as electronic signature abilities and built-in
encryption.
6. Loyalty:-The retail industry widely uses the application of the smart card in order to identify
and reward customers.Retailers use a loyalty card to capture customer information and better
cater promotions processes to them.Most often, the stores offer extra points with the purchase
of certain products, which allows customers to collect points even faster. For example, Levi’s
stores.
7. Transportation:-Contactless smart card technology is quickly gaining acceptance in the
transportation industry throughout the world.

2. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS III-BBA C.CHANDRAPRIYA M.Sc.,M.Phil.,
Business intelligence
Business intelligence (BI) refers to the procedural and technical infrastructure that collects, stores, and
analyzes the data produced by a company’s activities.
BI is a broad term that encompasses data mining, process analysis, performance benchmarking,
and descriptive analytics. BI parses all the data generated by a business and presents easy-to-digest reports,
performance measures, and trends that inform management decisions.
Types of BI Tools and Software
BI tools and software come in a wide variety of forms. Let's take a quick look at some common types of BI
solutions.
 Spreadsheets: Spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel and Google Docs are some of the most widely
used BI tools.
 Reporting software: Reporting software is used to report, organize, filter, and display data.
 Data visualization software: Data visualization software translates datasets into easy-to-read,
visually appealing graphical representations to quickly gain insights.
 Data mining tools: Data mining tools "mine" large amounts of data for patterns using things like
artificial intelligence, machine learning, and statistics.
 Online analytical processing (OLAP): OLAP tools allow users to analyze datasets from a wide
variety of angles based on different business perspectives.
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is defined as storing and accessing of data and computing services over the internet. It
doesn’t store any data on your personal computer. It is the on-demand availability of computer services like
servers, data storage, networking, databases, etc. The main purpose of cloud computing is to give access to
data centers to many users. Users can also access data from a remote server.
Examples of Cloud Computing Services: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud
Types of Clouds
1. Private Cloud: Here, computing resources are deployed for one particular organization. This
method is more used for intra-business interactions. Where the computing resources can be
governed, owned and operated by the same organization.
2. Community Cloud: Here, computing resources are provided for a community and organizations.
3. Public Cloud: This type of cloud is used usually for B2C (Business to Consumer) type interactions.
Here the computing resource is owned, governed and operated by government, an academic or
business organization.
4. Hybrid Cloud: This type of cloud can be used for both type of interactions – B2B (Business to
Business) or B2C ( Business to Consumer). This deployment method is called hybrid cloud as the
computing resources are bound together by different clouds.
Cloud Computing Services
The three major Cloud Computing Offerings are

3. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS III-BBA C.CHANDRAPRIYA M.Sc.,M.Phil.,
 Software as a Service (SaaS)
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
QUANTUM COMPUTING
Quantum computing is an area of computer science that uses the principles of quantum theory. Quantum
theory explains the behavior of energy and material on the atomic and subatomic levels.
Benefits of quantum computing:
 Financial institutions may be able to use quantum computing to design more effective and efficient
investment portfolios for retail and institutional clients. They could focus on creating better trading
simulators and improve fraud detection.
 The healthcare industry could use quantum computing to develop new drugs and genetically-
targeted medical care. It could also power more advanced DNA research.
 For stronger online security, quantum computing can help design better data encryption and ways to
use light signals to detect intruders in the system.
 Quantum computing can be used to design more efficient, safer aircraft and traffic planning
systems.
FICO
A FICO score is a credit score created by the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO). Lenders use borrowers’ FICO
scores along with other details on borrowers’ credit reports to assess credit risk and determine whether to
extend credit.
FICO is a major analytics software company that provides products and services to both businesses and
consumers. The company is best known for producing the most widely used consumer credit scores that
financial institutions use in deciding whether to lend money or issue credit
FICO Score Ranges
The overall FICO score range is between 300 and 850. In general, scores in the 670 to 739 range indicate a
“good” credit history and most lenders will consider this score favorable. In contrast, borrowers in the 580
to 669 range may find it difficult to obtain financing at attractive rates.
Calculating FICO Scores
To determine credit scores, the FICO weighs each category differently for each individual. However, in
general, payment history is 35% of the score, accounts owed is 30%, length of credit history is 15%, new
credit is 10%, and credit mix is 10%
FINACLE
Finacle is a banking software developed by Infosys to assist financial corporations with varying facets of
digital banking. Its importance is highlighted by the fact that banking enterprises in over 100 countries
rely on Finacle for serving more than 1 billion customers. But despite the proven credence in its
capabilities to optimize operations, it is less heard of in circles other than banking. Therefore, for those
generally curious, as well as students preparing for a future in the BFSI industry, this article will be a
primer on Finacle and its associated services that the banking world so heavily and readily, banks upon.

4. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS III-BBA C.CHANDRAPRIYA M.Sc.,M.Phil.,
Benefits of Finacle Software
 Assurance
The software is designed on the principle that prevention is better than cure. It helps banks prevent
maintenance efforts that enterprise IT departments have to delve into in case of downtime. In other words,
Finacle points users towards IT areas that are most vulnerable to experience trouble in the future. The
software is wholly managed and delivered by Infosys that offers it on a SaaS model allowing for quick
installation. This banking software helps a firm reduce operational cost, with its warning systems. For
some reason, even if the downtime occurs, Finacle can cut-short recovery times.
 Testing Services
Rapid digitization poses a significant challenge to banks to continue coming up with the state of the art
applications. For any digital product to have cross-platform compatibility, network coordination, and other
essential operational characteristics, the prototype app must pass through the testing stages. Finacle
Testing Services offers a testing environment that is considered the industry benchmark for digital product
testing. IT departments can put their automation ideas to the test, see if their data migration strategy is
right, and validate business processes.
 Application Development
Finacle gives you an unbridled license to develop concept applications and support the ever-expanding
business needs. System engineers use Finacle to customize existing apps to be part of an agile system.
Although Finacle is a mainstream software in banking, yet considering the competition, not all banks use
it. Notwithstanding the fact, Finacle applications integrate seamlessly with those developed by third-party
vendors.
 Application Management
IT teams expend massive amounts of resources to stay updated with state of the art tools and the talent to
operate them. Combine this with regulatory requirements, 24/7 active business units, and multi-device
applications and you have a collection of challenges to tackle at the same time. Banking organizations rely
on Finacle to support key business wings such as:
1. Consumer Banking
2. Wealth Management
3. Trade Finance
4. Payments
Independent Validation Services (IVS) on the software can be used to test project initiation, strategy
preparation, requirements validation, etc. Such in-house quality checks can lead to faster product delivery
times.
 Performance Optimization
Finacle is suited to a host of business processes and stages of growth. For instance, it can be used for a
full-scale organizational launch of an application right after the developers have pilot-tested its prototype.
The second type of business circumstance could be a merger of two institutions in which case Finacle is
used to add new software specifications. A third stage could be the business itself is experiencing a surge
in demand and as a result, needs must expand. Finacle is designed to handle high transaction volumes
without lag.
 Process Restructuring
Banking is an industry that is always under the scanner. There could be new privacy or data protection
laws that must reflect in IT practices. You could reformulate the contents of a program and re-design
programs as Project management comes integral to Finacle. A bank needs to establish third party ties for
best-in-class service delivery. It comes as no surprise that service level management is on high
priority,something that can be taken care of with Finacle.
CIBIL

5. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS III-BBA C.CHANDRAPRIYA M.Sc.,M.Phil.,
CIBIL
CIBIL™ scoreis the three-digit score issued by TransUnion CIBIL™ that rates the creditworthiness of a
person. This score is issued after considering many factors like the payment history of the person, loans or
credit cards taken by the person, credit utilisation rate, etc.
The CIBIL™ score ranges from 300 to 900. CIBIL™ score which is 750 or above can be considered to be a
good score as per the lenders. Such a score will provide applicants with loans and credit cards relatively
easily and also instantly in most cases.
Many lenders also provide pre-approved loans for persons with a good credit score along with many other
applicable factors. Many lenders also provide credit cards and loans to persons with credit scores lower than
750. However, the rate of interest for such loans is generally higher or such person may be eligible only for a
lower quantum of loan or credit card limit.
The CIBIL full form can be expanded into the Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited which is the
authorised credit agency by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) that can calculate the credit score for an
individual. The CIBIL meaning is basically a measurement of your creditworthiness by assigning you with a
CIBIL score which is a numeric summary used by financial institutions, be it for a loan, advance or credit
card application
The major features of the CIBIL Score.
1. New Risk Index
The credit score is essential in making necessary decisions on a loan application or issue of a credit
card. Earlier, people with a credit history of fewer than six months didn't have a rating. With the
updated version, they will have a different rating on a scale of 1 to 5. A score of 1 indicates high risk,
whereas 5 indicates low risk.
Customers having a credit history of more than six months will be offered a score ranging from 300 to
900, and a score above 750 is considered ideal.
2. Easily Accessible
It is easy to access CIBIL Score 2.0 through different channels such as the web and FTP. Along with the
score, it is easy to access the CIBIL credit information report as well as the CIBIL TransUnion Bureau
credit uniqueness.
3. Calculated Decisions
The new version considers the customer’s life cycle and repayment ability. So, the new borrowers have
to be more careful while making inquiries, applying for loans, and paying bills since they all are
recorded with CIBIL.
4. NA or NH
If a customer has no credit history or the CIBIL has not received any credit report over the past 24
months for this customer, but he/she has made a query, then the customer will be assigned -1 or NA/NH.
NA or NH indicates that the person has a credit history, but no report has been added to CIBIL 24
months before the inquiry.