5-LTE-IP-Troubleshooting .ppt

Ericsson AB 2010 | IP Troubleshooting for LTE | LZU 102 1894 Uen | March 2010 | Page 2
Agenda
Upon completion of this chapter, the student will be able to:
› Understand the E-UTRAN transport network
› Understand the Ethernet connection of the DUL board
› Configure the eNB transport MOs
› Understand the transport network security of the eNB
› Monitor the performance of the transport network
› Understand how to dimension and plan the IP backhaul

OVERVIEW OF EPS
S-GW
S1-UP
S1-CP S1-CP
X2-CP
eNodeB eNodeB
MME
S1-UP
P-GW
MME
S5/S8
S10
S11
Internet
X2-UP
EPC
E- UTRAN
HSS
S6a
SGi
PCRF
Gx

ENODEB FUNCTIONALITY
S-GW
S1-UP
S1-CP S1-CP
X2-CP
eNodeB eNodeB
MME
S1-UP
P-GW
MME
S5/S8
S10
S11
X2-UP
EPC
E- UTRAN
HSS
S6a
PCRF
Gx
-Terminates all user plane
functions seen by the terminal
(including security)
-Radio Bearer control
-Radio Admission control
-Connection mobility control
-UL/DL scheduling
-IP header compression and
encryption of user data streams
-Measurement and
measurement reporting
configuration for mobility and
scheduling

MME FUNCTIONALITY
S-GW
S1-UP
S1-CP S1-CP
X2-CP
eNodeB eNodeB
MME
S1-UP
P-GW
MME
S5/S8
S10
S11
X2-UP
EPC
E- UTRAN
HSS
S6a
PCRF
Gx
-Authentication
-NAS signaling
-GW selection
-Roaming (S6a to home HSS)
-Bearer management
-Idle mode tracking
-Paging
-Inter-MME and IRAT mobility
-NAS Ciphering and Integrity
Protection

SGW / PGW (CPG) FUNCTIONALITY
S-GW
S1-UP
S1-CP S1-CP
X2-CP
eNodeB eNodeB
MME
S1-UP
P-GW
MME
S5/S8
S10
S11
X2-UP
EPC
E- UTRAN
HSS
S6a
PCRF
Gx
-In visited network in case of
roaming
-Intra-LTE mobility anchor
-Packet routing & forwarding
-Lawful intercept
-LTE idle mode DL buffering
-Charging per UE, PDN and QCI
-Bearer findings for PMIP S5/S8
-Security for user data on S1
-External IP point of interconnect
-IP address allocation
-Packet routing & forwarding
-Lawful intercept
-Policy enforcement
-In home or visited network

PCRF FUNCTIONALITY
S-GW
S1-UP
S1-CP S1-CP
X2-CP
eNodeB eNodeB
MME
S1-UP
P-GW
MME
S5/S8
S10
S11
X2-UP
EPC
E- UTRAN
HSS
S6a
PCRF
Gx
-Provides Service Data Flow
gating
-Set QoS for each Service Data
Flow
-Define Charging for each
Service Data Flow
-Enables Bearer QoS Control
-Correlation between
Application and Bearer
charging
-Notification of bearer events to
application function
-Bearer findings towards SGW
for PMIP based S5

HSS FUNCTIONALITY
S-GW
S1-UP
S1-CP S1-CP
X2-CP
eNodeB eNodeB
MME
S1-UP
P-GW
MME
S5/S8
S10
S11
X2-UP
EPC
E- UTRAN
HSS
S6a
PCRF
Gx
-Maintain and provide
subscription data
-User identification handling
-Access authorization
-Provide Keys for authentication
and encryption
-User registration management
-Maintain knowledge of used
PDN GW

All ip
MME
Uu
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
S1AP
SCTP
PHY
GTP-C
UDP
IP
L1/L2
GTP-C
UDP
IP
L1/L2
GTP-C
UDP
IP
L1/L2
SGW PGW
S1-MME S11 S5
NAS
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
S1AP
SCTP
NAS
GTP-C
UDP
Uu SGW PGW
S5
S1-U
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
GTP-U
UDP
IP
L1/L2
GTP-U
UDP
IP
L1/L2
GTP-U
UDP
IP
L1/L2
GTP-U
UDP
IP
L1/L2
L1/L2
Appl. IP
PHY
PHY
Appl. IP
eNodeB
eNodeB
IP
L1/L2
IP
L1/L2
IP
L1/L2

latency and capacity
R99
HSPA
HSPA+
LTE
2005 2007 2009 2011
2003
150Mbps
28Mbps
14Mbps
384Kbps
CAPACITY
150ms
100ms
50ms
10ms
LATENCY

S1 Interface
S1-AP
Transport
Network
Layer
GTP-U
UDP
IP
Data link layer
Physical layer
User Plane
PDUs
SCTP
IP
Data link layer
Physical layer
Radio
Network
Layer
Control Plane User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane

X2 INTERFACE
X2-AP
Transport
Network
Layer
GTP-U
UDP
IP
Data link layer
Physical layer
User Plane
PDUs
SCTP
IP
Data link layer
Physical layer
Radio
Network
Layer
Control Plane User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane

DIGITAL UNIT for lte (DUL)
› Prepared for high peak rates
– 2x2 MIMO
– 64QAM DL&UL
› Capacity
– Up to 1000 users
– Up to 173Mbps DL throughput
– Up to 56Mbps UL throughput
› IP Transmission capability
– All IP architecture with full-non blocking
connectivity
– 100/1000BASE-T
– SFP slot for 1000BASE-X
Timing function
Loadable software
DL & UL baseband processing
IP traffic management
Radio interface
Transmission handling

IP/Ethernet connectivity
DUL Step 2+
w/Removal of OAM Cable
Fast
Ethernet
Port
Network
Processor
GPM
OAM, etc
Internal
Ethernet
Switch
LCT
SoIP
Baseband
OAM LCT
IP
OAM IP
Tagged
VLANs on
WAN port
TN WAN if
CP/UP IP
Optionally
separate
SoIP IP
Gigabit
Ethernet
Port

Transport nw configuration
field-
Slide title
40 pt
lide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
-5
20 pt
Created By OSS Created on site Created by
Basic Package
(formerly known as Basic CV)
Created on site
if SoIP is used
SwManagement=1 IpSystem=1
Equipment=1 TransportNetwork=1 IpOam=1
ReliableProgramUn
iter=”sctp”
PiuType
Subrack=1
Slot=1
PlugInUnit=1
GeneralProcessorUnit=1
Sctp
Ip=1
IpRoutingTable EthernetLink
(Aut. Created)
ipAccessSctpRef
Syncronization
admActiveSlot
rpuId
IpAccessHostEt=1
Medium Access Unit
activeMau
ExchangeTerminalIp=1
GigabitEthernet=1
IpInterface=2
ipInterfaceMoRef
IpAccessSctp=1
ipAccessHostEtRef1
IpSyncRef=1
IPHostLink
ipInterfaceMoRef
TimingUnit=1
(LCT port
OAM IP
interface)
(GE port
OAM IP
interface link)
IpInterface=1
(Note: Two IPInterface MOs if IPAccessHostEt and IPHostLink
shall use different VLANs.)
Created by on site
if SoIP is used, otherwise
created by OSS,

SITE CONFIGURATION

Transport sharing

MPBN/IPRAN

SECURITY DOMAINS
S-GW
eNodeB
MME
P-GW Internet
HSS
Trusted
Untrusted
RRC
integrity & ciphering
NAS signalling
User Plane in Uu
ciphering
IPSEC

Key hierarchy in e-utran
USIM / AuC
UE / MME
KASME
K
UPenc
KeNB / NH
KNASint
UE / HSS
UE / eNB
KNASenc
CK, IK
K RRCint
K RRCenc
K

Transport network security
Sender Receiver
SeGW SeGW
A to B
X to Y A to B
Inner IP
address A
Outer IP
address X
Outer IP
address Y
Inner IP
address B
A to B
ESP tunnel
Packet transport in tunnel mode as in RFC4301
eNB
eNB host
application Core
network
node
SeGW
function
in CPP
Core
Network
SeGW
A to B
X to Y A to B
Inner IP
address A
Outer IP
address X
Outer IP
address Y
Inner IP
address B
A to B
ESP tunnel
Packet transport in tunnel mode in eNodeB

IPSEC in LTE (L10B)
› Ipsec protection will
be available for CN
traffic between eNBs
and SeGWs in the
network.
› O&M traffic is still
protected by
application level
security when the
RBS runs in security
level 3.
› It is optional whether
SoIP traffic should
be IPsec protected
or only bypassed.
This is chosen via
configuration.
eNB_1
SEG_1
HeNB_1
SEG_EPC
MME_1
HMME_1
MME_N
HMME_N
SGw_1
HSGw_1
SGw_M
HSGw_M
eNB_2
SEG_2
HeNB_2
R
EPeNB_2
EPeNB_1
EPEPC
Private
network X
Private network
X
Private network
X
IPsec tunnel (used for
S1 and X2)
FW OSS
OSS
services
OSS traffic not IPsec
protected. (Secure
application layer
protocols are used.)

Preliminar IPSEC mom view(TBD)
IpInterface MO
VpnInterface MO
IpAccessHostEt MO
(representing internal IP adr)
IpAccessHostEt MO
(representing external IP adr)
IpSecTunnel MO
AccessControlList MO
IPSec MO IkePeer MO
Definies the outer
subnet address
Defines the inner
subnet address
Represents the inner
IP address of the node
1 *
1
*
1
*
1
*
0..1 0..1
1
*
0..1
*
0..1 0..1
Represents the outer
IP address of the node

L10b ipsec simplifications
› Only ESP in tunnel mode will be
implemented. The optional AH
will not be supported.
› The following security features of
ESP will be supported
– Confidentiality
– Integrity service
– Data origin authentication
– Anti-replay protection
ESP ALGORITHMS IKEv2 ALGORITHMS
Ciphering algorithms
- ESP_NULL
- ESP_3DES in CBC mode (168)
- AES in CBC mode (128 & 256)
Ciphering algorithms
- ESP_NULL
- ESP_3DES in CBC mode (168)
- AES in CBC mode (128 & 256)
Integrity algorithms
- ESP_HMAC_MD5 (128)
- ESP_HMAC_SHA-1 (160)
Integrity algorithms
- HMAC_SHA-1-96 (128 & 256)
Pseudo-random functions
- HMAC_SHA-1 (160)
IKE authentication
- RSA (1024 & 2048)
- PSK (128 & 256)

BACKHAUL RECOMMENDATIONS
Property Description
Bandwidth
Peak rates of 170 Mbps in the last mile, equivalent to the
peak rate of a 1-sector LTE 20 MHz 2x2 MIMO RBS and
100 Mbps for a 3-sector RBS.
Synchronization Better than 50 parts per billion.
Delay Maximum backhaul delay 50-70 ms
Delay variation
No requirements on delay variation other than those
required when NTPsystem is chosen for frequency
synchronization.
Packet loss No requirements for packet loss ratio on the backhaul.
Packet size
Maximum packet size is 1360B. In case of Ethernet Jumbo
frame support the maximum packet size is 1640B
Lock Time Gaussian PDV% of Packets
16 min
1% packets < 20us during 2h
or
99% < 0.3ms
60 min 99% < 3ms
180 min 99% < 10ms

Services qos
QCI Resource
Type
Priority Packet
Delay
Budget
(NOTE 1)
Packet
Error Loss
Rate
(NOTE 2)
Example Services
1 2 100 ms 10
-2 Conversational Voice
2
GBR
4 150 ms 10
-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
3 3 50 ms 10
-3 Real Time Gaming
4 5 300 ms 10
-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
5 1 100 ms 10
-6 IMS Signalling
6
6 300 ms 10
-6
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
sharing, progressive video, etc.)
7 Non-GBR
7 100 ms 10
-3
Voice,
Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming
8
8
300 ms 10
-6
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
9 9 sharing, progressive video, etc.)

Bandwidth dimensioning
› Dimensioning the Last mile
– Based on the cell peak rate, limited by
› Hardware capacity
› Licensed capacity for the DL
baseband throughput
– Transmission and protocol overhead is
considered
› Dimensioning the IP RAN backhaul
– Inputs:
› Average cell throughput during busy
hour
› Cell peak rate
› Cell throughput in a loaded network
› eNB throughput in a loaded network
› eNB throughput during busy hour
› Transport overhead
– Output:

Observability
Property Plane How to monitor
Congestion
User Plane Upper layer protocols such as TCP
Control Plane Number of SCTP retransmissions (Sctp::pmSctpStatRetransChunks)
Traffic Volume
Total (S1, X2, Mul)
DL Traffic: GigabitEthernet::pmIfInOctetsLink1Hi & pmIfInOctetsLinkLo
UL Traffic: GigabitEthernet::pmIfOutOctetsLink1Hi & pmIfOutOctetsLink1Lo
User Plane (S1, X2)
DL Traffic: IpAccessHostEt::pmUdpInDatagrams
UL Traffic: IpAccessHostEt::pmUdpOutDatagrams
Control Plane (S1, X2) Sctp::pmSctpStatSentChunks & pmSctpStatRecChunks & pmSctpStatRetransChunks
UP + CP (S1, X2)
IpInterface::pmDot1qTpVlanPortInFrames & pmDot1qTpVlanPortOutFrames
IpInterface::pmIfStatsIpInReceives & pmIfStatsIpOutRequests
IpAccessHostEt::pmIpInReceives & pmIpOutRequests
Delay & Jitter SoIP
Synchronization::pmHDelayVarBest1Pct & pmHDelayVarBest10Pct & pmHDelayVarBest50Pct
Synchronization::pmMaxDelayVariation
Packet Loss
User Plane Upper layers such as TCP
Control Plane Sctp::pmSctpStatRetransChunks & pmSctpStatSentChunks

OBSERVABILITY IN THE FUTURE (TBD)
› New SCTP counters shall specify SCTP traffic-related and
stated-related statistics about each SCTP association.
› New GTP counters specify GTP-U traffic-related statistics
about the GTP-U host (also known as GTP-U endpoint)
› New IP counters specify additional traffic-related statistics
about each IPv4/IPv6 interface including total, multicast,
broadcast and Diffserv codepoint (DSCP) usage statistics.
› Extend the current ICMPv4 counters for the IP traffic host to
support the equivalent ICMPv6 messages

IP Transport counters
EtHostMo_getPmCounters -h 1 -t 1
100212-10:35:17 10.62.4.22 7.1y ERBS_NODE_MODEL_A_9_2_COMPLETE stopfile=/tmp/54
$ EtHostMo_getPmCounters -h 1 -t 1
PM counters for host with hostFroId 1
ipAddrErrors=0
ipInDelivers=384399
ipInDiscards=-2
ipInHdrErrors=0
ipInReceivedOctets=-2
ipInReceives=161317
ipInUnknownProtos=0
ipNumFailedAt=-2
ipOutDiscards=-2
ipOutRequests=533274
ipOutRequestOctets=-2
ipReasmReqds=0
ipReasmOKs=0
ipReasmFails=0
ipFragOKs=0
ipFragFails=0
ipFragCreates=0
ipPortUnreachable=0
udpInDatagrams=0
udpInErrors=0
udpNoPorts=-2
udpOutDatagrams=0
icmpInDestUnreachs=0
icmpInEchoReps=0
icmpInEchos=0
icmpInErrors=0
icmpInMsgs=0
icmpInParamProbs=0
icmpInRedirects=0
icmpInSrcQuenchs=0
icmpInTimeExcds=0
icmpOutDestUnreachs=0
icmpOutEchoReps=0
icmpOutEchos=0
icmpOutErrors=-2
icmpOutMsgs=0
icmpOutParamProbs=-2
EtHostMo_getPmCounters
EtHostMo_getPmCounters -h <hostFroId> -t <typeOfCounters>
..where..
EtHostMo_getPmCounters is mandatory and name of the COLI
command
-h <hostFroId> is mandatory
-t <typeOfCounters> is mandatory, possible values:
1 - all PM counters
2 - ip PM counters
3 - icmp PM counters
4 - udp PM counters
Example:
EtHostMo_getPmCounters -h 1 -t 1

IP connectivity
EtHostMo_startPing
EtHostMo_startPing -d <destIpAddr> -h <hostFroId> -c <noPings> -s <pktSize>
..where..
EtHostMo_startPing is mandatory and name of the COLI command
-d <destIpAddr> is mandatory (dotted decimal notation)
-h <hostFroId> is mandatory (integer > 0)
-c <noPings> is optional (default value 4)
-s <pktSize> is optional (default value 56 byte ICMP payload)
Example:
EtHostMo_startPing -d 192.168.1.2 -h 1 -c 25 -s 18
EtHostMo_stopPing
EtHostMo_stopPing -d <destIpAddr> -h <hostFroId>
..where..
EtHostMo_stopPing is mandatory and name of the COLI command
Example:
EtHostMo_stopPing -d 192.168.1.2 -h 1

IP CONNECTIVITY
EtHostMo_startTraceRoute
EtHostMo_startTraceRoute -d <destIpAddr> -h <hostFroId> -q <nQueries> -s <pktSize> -f <firstHop> -m <maxHop> -w <waitTime>
..where..
EtHostMo_startTraceRoute is mandatory and name of the COLI command
-q <nQueries> is optional (default value 4)
-s <pktSize> is optional (default value 56 byte ICMP payload)
-f <firstHop> is optional (default value 1)
-m <maxHop> is optional (default value 40)
-w <waitTime> is optional (default value 5)
Example:
EtHostMo_startTraceRoute -d 192.168.1.2 -h 1 -q 5 -s 18 -f 3 -m 60 -w 3

O&M capture
Dumpcap
dumpcap started on le0
Dump is stored in 000100!/d/logfiles/sniffer/default/eth.cap
Total size of capture files are limited to 10000000 Bytes.
Tracing will be automaticaly stoped after 900 seconds
Warning: Capacity for OAM/communication is reduced while dumpcap is tracing.
Pcapexplorer
Lists dumpcap traces. Traces can be deleted with the -d option
$ pcapexplorer
dumpcap traces stored in 000100!/d/logfiles/sniffer/
NAME: SIZE: CREATED: LAST-TRACE:
===== ===== ======== ===========
default 426136 2010-02-12 09:53.54 2010-02-12 09:53.54
QUOTA: 10000000
TOTALT USED: 426136

Sctp coLI
sctphost_stat -assoc -all
$ sctphost_stat -assoc -all
sctphost_stat - START.
|-------------------------------------------------------|
|----------------------- SCTP HOST ---------------------|
|RpuId: 17
|SctpInstId: 0
|Base State: BASE_RUN
|Host State: A|C|R|X|IA
|Ext. client: CONNECTED
|Alarm Timer: NOT RUNNING
|---------------- SCTP ASSOCIATION 1 -----------------|
|-------------------------------------------------------|
|----------------Statistic (assoc level)----------------|
| [ID 7]: SCTP_STAT_SENT_CHUNKS, Count: 1|
| [ID 8]: SCTP_STAT_REC_CHUNKS, Count: 2655|
| [ID 9]: SCTP_STAT_OUT_OF_ORDER_SC, Count: 0|
| [ID 10]: SCTP_STAT_OUT_OF_ORDER_RC, Count: 0|
| [ID 12]: SCTP_STAT_RETRANS_CHUNKS, Count: 0|
| [ID 13]: SCTP_STAT_SENT_CC, Count: 12667|
| [ID 14]: SCTP_STAT_REC_CC, Count: 10015|
| [ID 15]: SCTP_STAT_FRAG_USER_MSG, Count: 0|
| [ID 16]: SCTP_STAT_REAS_USER_MSG, Count: 0|
| [ID 17]: SCTP_STAT_SENT_PACKAGES, Count: 12668|
| [ID 18]: SCTP_STAT_REC_PACKAGES, Count: 12668|
| [ID 19]: SCTP_STAT_COMM_STOP, Count: 0|
| [ID 20]: SCTP_STAT_COMM_RESUME, Count: 0|
| [ID 21]: SCTP_STAT_SENT_CHUNKS_DROPED, Count: 0|
| [ID 22]: SCTP_STAT_REC_CHUNKS_DROPED, Count: 0|
| Association ID: 1
sctphost_info -ep -all
$ sctphost_info -ep -all
sctphost_info - START.
|-------------------------------------------------------|
|----------------------- SCTP HOST ---------------------|
|RpuId: 17
|SctpInstId: 0
|Base State: BASE_RUN
|Host State: A|C|R|X|IA
|Ext. client: CONNECTED
|Alarm Timer: NOT RUNNING
|----------------- SCTP END POINT 1 --------------------|
|-------------------------------------------------------|
| localPort: 33333
| dscp: 24
| numOfLocalIp: 1
| localIpAddress 1: 10.62.5.22
| list of associations: 1

5-LTE-IP-Troubleshooting .ppt

5-LTE-IP-Troubleshooting .ppt

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