2. A Computer is a device that allows you to input
data, process data quickly and efficiently,
receive outputs and store data.
Thus a computer consists of one or more input
devices, output devices, store devices and
processing unit.
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
4. Can not think it self
Task to be describe in detail
Can not learn form experience
Wrong information provided result also
wrong
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
5. First Generation
(1940-1956)
◦ Use of vacuum tubes
◦ Big & Clumsy
◦ High Electricity
Consumption
◦ Programming in Mechanical
Language
◦ Larger AC were needed
Continue…
◦ Lot of electricity failure
occurred
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
6. Second Generation
(1956-1963)
◦ Transistors were used
◦ Core Memory was
developed
◦ Faster than First Generation
computers
◦ First Operating System was
developed
◦ Programming was in
Continue…
Machine Language &
Aseembly Language
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
7. Continued…
Second Generation
(1956-1963)
◦ Magnetic tapes & discs
were used
◦ Computers became smaller
in size than the First
Generation computers
◦ Computers consumed less
heat & consumed less
electricity
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
8. Third Generation
(1964-1971)
◦ Integrated circuits
developed
◦ Power consumption was
low
◦ SSI & MSI Technology was
used
◦ High level languages were
used
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
9. Fourth Generation (1971 onwards)
◦ LSI & VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
Technology used
◦ Development of Portable Computers
◦ RAID Technology of data storage
◦ Used in virtual reality, multimedia, simulation
◦ Computers started in use for Data Communication
◦ Different types of memories with very high
accessing speed & storage capacity
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
10. Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond)
◦ Used in parallel processing
◦ Used superconductors
◦ Used in speech recognition
◦ Used in intelligent robots
◦ Used in artificial intelligence
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
11. Microcomputer:
◦ It is small in size but capable of handling large
tasks.
Minicomputer:
◦ It can very in size from a small desktop model to
the size of a small filling cabinet.
Mainframe Computer:
◦ It is more powerful & large in size.
Super Computer
◦ It is largest, fastest and most expensive computer.
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
12. Hardware
◦ The hardware consist of all devices of the computer that
you can see and touch. These include input, processing
and output devices.
Software
◦ The software is sets of instruction that control the
working of the computer’s operations Super Computer
Data (text, Audio, Video, Graphics)
◦ Data consists or raw facts and figures which manipulates
and processes into meaningful information.
Users
◦ A User is a person who uses the computer externally
with a specific objective.
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
13. Hardware
CPU (Central
Input Device Output Device
Processing Unit)
Computer Fundamentals
Thursday, March 22, 2012
14. Collect Date, Information
Convert Into machine language
Send to CPU
E.g.
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Mic
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
15. Receive from CPU
Convert into Human Language
Send to User
E.g..
1. Monitor
2. Printer
3. Speaker
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
16. Traditional Keyboard Argonic Keyboard
Wireless Keyboard Flexible Keyboard
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
19. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
LCD (Liquid crystal Display) Monitor
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
20. SVGA (Super Video Graphic Array)
◦ 800 X 600 Pixels
15” Monitor
XGA (Extended Graphic Array)
◦ 1,024 X 768 Pixels
17” To 19”
SXGA (Super Extended Graphics Array)
◦ 1,280 X 1,034 Pixels
19” To 21”
UXGA (Ultra Extended Graphics Array)
◦ 1,600 X 1,200 Pixels
Above 21”
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
21. Impact Printer (printing with hammering)
◦ Daze wheel printer
◦ Dot Matrix Printer
Non Impact Printer (printing without
hammering)
◦ Ink-Jet Printer
◦ Laser Printer
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
22. CPU
ALU (Arithmetic &
CU (Control Unit) MU (Memory Unit)
Logical Unit)
Computer Fundamentals
Thursday, March 22, 2012
23. Memory Type as per
Flexibility Period Preference
ROM (Read Non- Permanent -
Only Memory) Removable
RAM (Random Non- Temporary Primary
Access Memory Removable
Hard Disk Non- Permanent Secondary
Removable
Floppy Disk Removable Permanent Secondary
Compact Disk Removable Permanent Secondary
(CD)
Pen Drive Removable Permanent Secondary
Computer Fundamentals
Thursday, March 22, 2012
24. ROM
Floppy Disk
RAM
CD
Hard Disk
Pen Drive
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
25. 0/1 1 Bit
4 Bit 1 Nibble
8 Bit 1 Byte
1 Character 1 Byte
1 Space 1 Byte
1 Enter/Paragraph 2 Byte
Continue…
Computer Fundamentals
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
28. System Software
◦ Operating System
◦ Utility
Disk Cleanup
Disk Defragmenter
Uninstaller
Antivirus
◦ Device Driver
Application Software
Computer Fundamentals
Computer Fundamentals Thursday, March 22, 2012
29. DOS Windows
B/W Screen Color Screen
CUI (Character User GUI (Graphical User
Interface) Interface)
Single Tasking Multiple Tasking
Single User Multiple User
Computer Fundamentals
Thursday, March 22, 2012
