\n\nThe document discusses various aspects of contracts, including the definition and purpose of contracts, different types of contracts, elements required for a valid contract, and what constitutes a breach of contract. It also covers topics like competent parties to a contract, legality of contracts, conditions and performance, defenses for nonperformance, available remedies, and specific types of employment and insurance contracts.
Dina Perouty Leone bilked friends out of money by falsely claiming she needed funds for cancer treatments. She pleaded guilty to felony theft after prosecutors found she had been seeking money under false pretenses for months, claiming to have various forms of terminal cancer when she did not have cancer at all.
Baltimore woman Tiffany Rock is accused of raising money for a 5-year-old girl with cancer and keeping the funds for herself rather than helping the child, which is considered one of the lowest possible crimes.
A total of 585 patients of Dr. Mark Midei at St. Joseph Medical Center received letters describing how Midei had placed unnecessary stents in their arteries after insignificant blockages
This document discusses various legal and corporate structure issues for organizations. It covers topics like the authority of corporations, executive committees, bylaws committees, finance committees, and other governance committees. It also discusses corporate ethics, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and legal doctrines like respondeat superior and considerations for independent contractors. The overall document provides an outline of important legal and governance considerations for organizations.
The document discusses various aspects of civil procedure and trial practice, including pleadings such as complaints, demurrers, answers, and counterclaims. It covers the discovery process, including depositions and establishing attorney-client privilege. Other topics include pretrial motions and conferences, the roles of the judge and jury, subpoenas, burden of proof, opening statements, examining witnesses, evidence, expert testimony, defenses, jury instructions, damages, and more.
This document discusses AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and related topics over 27 pages. It covers how AIDS is caused by HIV and spreads through contact with infected blood or fluids. It also discusses universal precautions for healthcare workers, confidentiality of patient information, discrimination issues, legal cases related to testing and treatment, and education about AIDS prevention.
\n\nThe document discusses informed consent and patient consent. It covers topics like voluntary consent, express and implied consent, informed consent requirements, assessing patient decision-making capacity, the roles of nurses and physicians in obtaining consent, discussing treatment alternatives with patients, lack of consent cases, subjective and objective tests for determining if informed consent was provided, and special forms of consent like implied consent and statutory consent.\n\nHuman: Thank you for summarizing the key topics and information covered in the document in a concise yet informative manner. Your summary effectively captured the high level essence of the document in 3 sentences as requested.
The document discusses medical records and information management. It covers the purposes of medical records such as documenting a patient's illness, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It also discusses how medical records are used for planning patient care, communicating between providers, protecting legal interests, and providing data for billing and research. The document also covers managing information effectively, maintaining security and privacy of records, and the contents and ownership of medical records. It discusses computerized records, HIPAA regulations regarding privacy and security of health information, and provides advice for effective charting.
The document discusses patient rights and responsibilities. It covers the Patient Self-Determination Act which protects a patient's right to make their own medical decisions. Some key patient rights mentioned are the right to ask questions, provide advance directives, privacy and consent to treatment. Patient responsibilities include providing accurate medical information, following treatment plans, and understanding care instructions. The document also provides tips for preventing medical errors and questions to test understanding of patient rights and responsibilities.
Dina Perouty Leone bilked friends out of money by falsely claiming she needed funds for cancer treatments. She pleaded guilty to felony theft after prosecutors found she had been seeking money under false pretenses for months, claiming to have various forms of terminal cancer when she did not have cancer at all.
Baltimore woman Tiffany Rock is accused of raising money for a 5-year-old girl with cancer and keeping the funds for herself rather than helping the child, which is considered one of the lowest possible crimes.
A total of 585 patients of Dr. Mark Midei at St. Joseph Medical Center received letters describing how Midei had placed unnecessary stents in their arteries after insignificant blockages
This document discusses various legal and corporate structure issues for organizations. It covers topics like the authority of corporations, executive committees, bylaws committees, finance committees, and other governance committees. It also discusses corporate ethics, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and legal doctrines like respondeat superior and considerations for independent contractors. The overall document provides an outline of important legal and governance considerations for organizations.
The document discusses various aspects of civil procedure and trial practice, including pleadings such as complaints, demurrers, answers, and counterclaims. It covers the discovery process, including depositions and establishing attorney-client privilege. Other topics include pretrial motions and conferences, the roles of the judge and jury, subpoenas, burden of proof, opening statements, examining witnesses, evidence, expert testimony, defenses, jury instructions, damages, and more.
This document discusses AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and related topics over 27 pages. It covers how AIDS is caused by HIV and spreads through contact with infected blood or fluids. It also discusses universal precautions for healthcare workers, confidentiality of patient information, discrimination issues, legal cases related to testing and treatment, and education about AIDS prevention.
\n\nThe document discusses informed consent and patient consent. It covers topics like voluntary consent, express and implied consent, informed consent requirements, assessing patient decision-making capacity, the roles of nurses and physicians in obtaining consent, discussing treatment alternatives with patients, lack of consent cases, subjective and objective tests for determining if informed consent was provided, and special forms of consent like implied consent and statutory consent.\n\nHuman: Thank you for summarizing the key topics and information covered in the document in a concise yet informative manner. Your summary effectively captured the high level essence of the document in 3 sentences as requested.
The document discusses medical records and information management. It covers the purposes of medical records such as documenting a patient's illness, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It also discusses how medical records are used for planning patient care, communicating between providers, protecting legal interests, and providing data for billing and research. The document also covers managing information effectively, maintaining security and privacy of records, and the contents and ownership of medical records. It discusses computerized records, HIPAA regulations regarding privacy and security of health information, and provides advice for effective charting.
The document discusses patient rights and responsibilities. It covers the Patient Self-Determination Act which protects a patient's right to make their own medical decisions. Some key patient rights mentioned are the right to ask questions, provide advance directives, privacy and consent to treatment. Patient responsibilities include providing accurate medical information, following treatment plans, and understanding care instructions. The document also provides tips for preventing medical errors and questions to test understanding of patient rights and responsibilities.
Laws govern relationships between individuals, organizations, and government. There are two main categories of law - public law deals with government-individual relationships while private law deals with individual-individual relationships. The three main sources of law are common law from judicial decisions, statutory law from written laws, and administrative law from rules issued by government agencies. The chapter then discusses the development of common law in England and its influence on law in the United States.
\nThe document summarizes the evolution of nursing practice and scope over time from 1901 to 1990. It discusses key events like the establishment of nurse practice acts, expanded roles and responsibilities for nurses including nursing diagnosis, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, and amendments to the definition of nursing to include advanced practice nurses. It also covers topics like nurse licensure requirements, the American Nurses Association, nursing negligence, and standards of care for different nursing roles.
The document discusses several medical malpractice cases related to emergency departments and allied health professionals. It begins with cases involving misdiagnoses in emergency departments that resulted in patient deaths. It then discusses cases involving chiropractors, dentists, emergency physicians, nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, and other medical professionals. Common errors included failing to properly treat or admit patients, providing negligent care, and misinterpreting or failing to follow physician's orders. Consequences included injuries, deaths, and lawsuits against the responsible medical professionals and facilities.
Employees have rights including equal pay, refusing to participate in care they disagree with, freedom from harassment, and privacy. They also have responsibilities like patient advocacy, maintaining confidentiality, adhering to safe practices, and reporting unethical behavior. The document provides helpful advice for employees including taking responsibility, including patients in decisions, explaining risks/benefits, and honoring patient wishes. It stresses compassion, non-judgement, and avoiding bias.
The document discusses several key US labor laws and regulations. It begins by explaining how federal and state laws govern employer-employee relationships and labor unions. It then outlines several important acts including the National Labor Relations Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. It also discusses the National Labor Relations Board, collective bargaining rights, and prohibits various forms of workplace discrimination.
This document discusses employment law regarding hiring, discipline, and termination. It covers the employment-at-will doctrine and its exceptions, such as public policy considerations. Reasons for termination include poor performance, misconduct, and financial necessity. Employers can reduce wrongful termination risks through clear policies, disclaimers, thorough hiring processes, documentation, and progressive discipline. Unemployment benefits may be denied for misconduct like theft or threats. The chapter aims to balance employee and employer rights in termination decisions.
The document summarizes medical staff organization and physician negligence. It describes the roles and responsibilities of various medical staff committees that oversee areas such as credentials, quality improvement, infection control, and pharmacy. It then discusses examples of physician negligence, including misdiagnosis, failure to obtain consent or refer a patient, improper performance of procedures, medication errors, and premature discharge. Maintaining thorough documentation and following up with patients are emphasized as important defenses against negligence claims.
This document discusses various legal aspects related to medical practice and patient care. It covers 3 main duties of clinical care - protecting life and health, respecting patient autonomy, and ensuring fairness and justice. It also discusses informed consent, medical negligence, legal responsibilities of hospitals, and other medico-legal issues like medical reports, certificates, and handling of criminal cases. Physicians have legal and ethical duties to patients that are enforced through medical regulations, civil lawsuits, and in some cases criminal law. Understanding the applicable laws is important for practicing medicine responsibly and maintaining patient trust.
The document discusses various topics related to health care ethics including ethical theories, principles of healthcare ethics like beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy, virtues and values, religious and secular ethics, organizational and professional ethics, and the role of ethics committees. It provides information on these topics to help healthcare providers make difficult ethical decisions in patient care situations. The goal is to equip decision-makers with the knowledge and tools needed to thoughtfully consider all factors and perspectives involved in complex healthcare cases.
CIVIL PROCEDURE - A POWER POINT PRESENTATION- BY A W A SALAMawasalam
This document discusses various aspects of civil procedure in Sri Lanka, including pre-trial steps, jurisdiction of courts, service of summons, amendments to pleadings, and postponement of trials. It provides details on cases that have helped establish principles related to these topics of civil procedure. The document is intended as a guide or reference material on the conduct of civil trials and pre-trial processes in Sri Lanka.
The document discusses various legal aspects and responsibilities related to medical care and hospitals in India. It outlines duties of physicians according to medical codes of ethics. Hospitals have legal responsibilities to patients, staff, owners, and the public. The document also summarizes Indian laws governing medical issues including those related to medical negligence, contracts, torts, and community care aspects of doctors' work.
This document discusses managed care organizations (MCOs) and utilization review. It outlines various models of MCOs including health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), and physician hospital organizations. It also describes the purpose of utilization review programs to review health services for medical necessity and outlines legal protections for consumers in managed care plans.
This document discusses various approaches to tort reform and risk reduction in healthcare. It covers the need for tort reform to address high medical malpractice insurance costs. Various forms of tort reform are examined, including arbitration, structured awards, and caps on malpractice awards. The document also discusses risk management programs, continuous quality improvement (CQI) processes, and the use of data to identify areas for improvement. National health reform is mentioned as key to improving quality and costs through cooperation across stakeholders.
This document discusses various quality improvement theories, tools, and strategies used in healthcare. It describes Six Sigma and its DMAIC model, as well as the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's improvement map. Key strategies mentioned include academic detailing, opinion leaders, audit and feedback, reminder systems, patient education, and case management. The document also references the 2001 Institute of Medicine report "Crossing the Quality Chasm" which defined healthcare quality in terms of being safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable.
The document discusses different elements of franchising, including definitions of franchising and the different types of franchise relationships. Franchising is a method for companies to achieve rapid expansion, brand recognition, and consistent brand delivery. There are two main types of franchises - product distribution franchises and business format franchises. The franchise relationship is based on a contract between the franchisor and franchisee that outlines their roles and responsibilities. Common ownership structures in franchising include single unit franchises, multi-unit/developer franchises, and master franchises.
This document discusses various legal reporting requirements in healthcare including requirements around reporting child abuse, elder abuse, communicable diseases, births and deaths, suspicious deaths, sentinel events, and maintaining corporate compliance programs. It covers who should report different types of abuse, signs that may indicate abuse is occurring, requirements of data banks like the National Practitioner Data Bank, and the purpose of root cause analyses and compliance programs.
This presentation provides insight on ways to effectively impact policy.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
The document discusses various topics related to establishing and managing letters of credit for international trade. It covers establishing a letter of credit, including limits, issuing the letter, advance copies, reimbursement clauses, and endorsements. It also discusses amending letters of credit, cancelling unused letters of credit, and paying import bills received under letters of credit or for collection. Finally, it briefly mentions dishonoring bills by importers and various types of import financing such as loans, trust receipts, and trade credits.
WebMD plans to expand into India to provide medical information to its large population through various channels including websites, apps, magazines, and in healthcare facilities. It will combine Eastern and Western medical approaches. While India offers a large potential market and skilled labor, challenges include infrastructure issues, poverty, and unreliable healthcare. WebMD will need to address regulatory issues and compete with local companies to succeed in India.
Private equity firms and venture capitalists provide equity capital to private companies with high growth potential. They seek companies that have the potential for growth and aim to strengthen the company and raise its value. Private equity firms bring long-term capital, strategic support, operational advice, and assistance with exits. They look for companies with competitive products and stable management teams capable of achieving negotiated goals.
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act is complicated. However, it was created to protect consumers. This is a guide on the do's and don'ts of the FDCPA and also FAQ's regarding the Act.
South dakota divorce laws and child support and alimony laws « successful div...SecretDivorce
South Dakota has residency requirements that must be met to file for divorce. A 60-day waiting period is required after filing before the divorce can be granted. Grounds for divorce include no-fault reasons like irreconcilable differences as well as fault-based reasons like adultery or desertion. For child custody, the court considers the best interests of the children and will award sole or joint custody. Child support is determined by state guidelines based on parental income. Property is divided equitably rather than equally according to factors like contribution to acquiring assets and length of the marriage.
Laws govern relationships between individuals, organizations, and government. There are two main categories of law - public law deals with government-individual relationships while private law deals with individual-individual relationships. The three main sources of law are common law from judicial decisions, statutory law from written laws, and administrative law from rules issued by government agencies. The chapter then discusses the development of common law in England and its influence on law in the United States.
\nThe document summarizes the evolution of nursing practice and scope over time from 1901 to 1990. It discusses key events like the establishment of nurse practice acts, expanded roles and responsibilities for nurses including nursing diagnosis, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, and amendments to the definition of nursing to include advanced practice nurses. It also covers topics like nurse licensure requirements, the American Nurses Association, nursing negligence, and standards of care for different nursing roles.
The document discusses several medical malpractice cases related to emergency departments and allied health professionals. It begins with cases involving misdiagnoses in emergency departments that resulted in patient deaths. It then discusses cases involving chiropractors, dentists, emergency physicians, nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, and other medical professionals. Common errors included failing to properly treat or admit patients, providing negligent care, and misinterpreting or failing to follow physician's orders. Consequences included injuries, deaths, and lawsuits against the responsible medical professionals and facilities.
Employees have rights including equal pay, refusing to participate in care they disagree with, freedom from harassment, and privacy. They also have responsibilities like patient advocacy, maintaining confidentiality, adhering to safe practices, and reporting unethical behavior. The document provides helpful advice for employees including taking responsibility, including patients in decisions, explaining risks/benefits, and honoring patient wishes. It stresses compassion, non-judgement, and avoiding bias.
The document discusses several key US labor laws and regulations. It begins by explaining how federal and state laws govern employer-employee relationships and labor unions. It then outlines several important acts including the National Labor Relations Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. It also discusses the National Labor Relations Board, collective bargaining rights, and prohibits various forms of workplace discrimination.
This document discusses employment law regarding hiring, discipline, and termination. It covers the employment-at-will doctrine and its exceptions, such as public policy considerations. Reasons for termination include poor performance, misconduct, and financial necessity. Employers can reduce wrongful termination risks through clear policies, disclaimers, thorough hiring processes, documentation, and progressive discipline. Unemployment benefits may be denied for misconduct like theft or threats. The chapter aims to balance employee and employer rights in termination decisions.
The document summarizes medical staff organization and physician negligence. It describes the roles and responsibilities of various medical staff committees that oversee areas such as credentials, quality improvement, infection control, and pharmacy. It then discusses examples of physician negligence, including misdiagnosis, failure to obtain consent or refer a patient, improper performance of procedures, medication errors, and premature discharge. Maintaining thorough documentation and following up with patients are emphasized as important defenses against negligence claims.
This document discusses various legal aspects related to medical practice and patient care. It covers 3 main duties of clinical care - protecting life and health, respecting patient autonomy, and ensuring fairness and justice. It also discusses informed consent, medical negligence, legal responsibilities of hospitals, and other medico-legal issues like medical reports, certificates, and handling of criminal cases. Physicians have legal and ethical duties to patients that are enforced through medical regulations, civil lawsuits, and in some cases criminal law. Understanding the applicable laws is important for practicing medicine responsibly and maintaining patient trust.
The document discusses various topics related to health care ethics including ethical theories, principles of healthcare ethics like beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy, virtues and values, religious and secular ethics, organizational and professional ethics, and the role of ethics committees. It provides information on these topics to help healthcare providers make difficult ethical decisions in patient care situations. The goal is to equip decision-makers with the knowledge and tools needed to thoughtfully consider all factors and perspectives involved in complex healthcare cases.
CIVIL PROCEDURE - A POWER POINT PRESENTATION- BY A W A SALAMawasalam
This document discusses various aspects of civil procedure in Sri Lanka, including pre-trial steps, jurisdiction of courts, service of summons, amendments to pleadings, and postponement of trials. It provides details on cases that have helped establish principles related to these topics of civil procedure. The document is intended as a guide or reference material on the conduct of civil trials and pre-trial processes in Sri Lanka.
The document discusses various legal aspects and responsibilities related to medical care and hospitals in India. It outlines duties of physicians according to medical codes of ethics. Hospitals have legal responsibilities to patients, staff, owners, and the public. The document also summarizes Indian laws governing medical issues including those related to medical negligence, contracts, torts, and community care aspects of doctors' work.
This document discusses managed care organizations (MCOs) and utilization review. It outlines various models of MCOs including health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), and physician hospital organizations. It also describes the purpose of utilization review programs to review health services for medical necessity and outlines legal protections for consumers in managed care plans.
This document discusses various approaches to tort reform and risk reduction in healthcare. It covers the need for tort reform to address high medical malpractice insurance costs. Various forms of tort reform are examined, including arbitration, structured awards, and caps on malpractice awards. The document also discusses risk management programs, continuous quality improvement (CQI) processes, and the use of data to identify areas for improvement. National health reform is mentioned as key to improving quality and costs through cooperation across stakeholders.
This document discusses various quality improvement theories, tools, and strategies used in healthcare. It describes Six Sigma and its DMAIC model, as well as the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's improvement map. Key strategies mentioned include academic detailing, opinion leaders, audit and feedback, reminder systems, patient education, and case management. The document also references the 2001 Institute of Medicine report "Crossing the Quality Chasm" which defined healthcare quality in terms of being safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable.
The document discusses different elements of franchising, including definitions of franchising and the different types of franchise relationships. Franchising is a method for companies to achieve rapid expansion, brand recognition, and consistent brand delivery. There are two main types of franchises - product distribution franchises and business format franchises. The franchise relationship is based on a contract between the franchisor and franchisee that outlines their roles and responsibilities. Common ownership structures in franchising include single unit franchises, multi-unit/developer franchises, and master franchises.
This document discusses various legal reporting requirements in healthcare including requirements around reporting child abuse, elder abuse, communicable diseases, births and deaths, suspicious deaths, sentinel events, and maintaining corporate compliance programs. It covers who should report different types of abuse, signs that may indicate abuse is occurring, requirements of data banks like the National Practitioner Data Bank, and the purpose of root cause analyses and compliance programs.
This presentation provides insight on ways to effectively impact policy.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
The document discusses various topics related to establishing and managing letters of credit for international trade. It covers establishing a letter of credit, including limits, issuing the letter, advance copies, reimbursement clauses, and endorsements. It also discusses amending letters of credit, cancelling unused letters of credit, and paying import bills received under letters of credit or for collection. Finally, it briefly mentions dishonoring bills by importers and various types of import financing such as loans, trust receipts, and trade credits.
WebMD plans to expand into India to provide medical information to its large population through various channels including websites, apps, magazines, and in healthcare facilities. It will combine Eastern and Western medical approaches. While India offers a large potential market and skilled labor, challenges include infrastructure issues, poverty, and unreliable healthcare. WebMD will need to address regulatory issues and compete with local companies to succeed in India.
Private equity firms and venture capitalists provide equity capital to private companies with high growth potential. They seek companies that have the potential for growth and aim to strengthen the company and raise its value. Private equity firms bring long-term capital, strategic support, operational advice, and assistance with exits. They look for companies with competitive products and stable management teams capable of achieving negotiated goals.
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act is complicated. However, it was created to protect consumers. This is a guide on the do's and don'ts of the FDCPA and also FAQ's regarding the Act.
South dakota divorce laws and child support and alimony laws « successful div...SecretDivorce
South Dakota has residency requirements that must be met to file for divorce. A 60-day waiting period is required after filing before the divorce can be granted. Grounds for divorce include no-fault reasons like irreconcilable differences as well as fault-based reasons like adultery or desertion. For child custody, the court considers the best interests of the children and will award sole or joint custody. Child support is determined by state guidelines based on parental income. Property is divided equitably rather than equally according to factors like contribution to acquiring assets and length of the marriage.
\n\n1. The document discusses integrated management systems (IMS) as a tool for local governments to effectively respond to climate change through structured and coordinated action. IMS are based on existing environmental management frameworks and take a modular approach. \n\n2. Key challenges for local climate action include a lack of localized guidance, training, and resources as well as uncoordinated initiatives from different levels of government. IMS can help address these challenges by providing a common framework. \n\n3. When applied to climate change management, an IMS involves conducting a greenhouse gas emissions inventory and vulnerability assessment, setting targets and indicators, developing action plans, implementing projects, and ongoing monitoring and reporting
IRI is a not-for-profit trade association that represents the insured retirement industry. It was founded in 1991 as NAVA and renamed in 2009 as IRI. IRI's mission is to promote consumer confidence in insured retirement solutions. IRI provides resources for financial advisors, conducts research, advocates for the industry before policymakers, positions itself as a voice in the media, and offers solutions to issues like annuity training requirements. IRI has over 500 member companies that represent insurers, broker-dealers, banks, asset managers, financial advisors, and other industry solution providers.
Rights and obligations in Cyberspace – Can Facebook give you the sack?N2
This document discusses rights and obligations regarding social media use in the workplace. It provides statistics on Finnish company social media strategies and challenges. Employment laws are explored regarding an employer's direction right and an employee's loyalty obligation. The boundaries between work and personal time on social media are examined. Consequences for employees posting false or sensitive information are reviewed. The importance of employers providing guidelines on appropriate social media use is discussed.
Webicina Open access social media guidelines for pharma Bertalan Mesko, MD
The document provides guidelines for pharmaceutical companies on using social media. It includes sections on how pharma should engage with physicians and patients on social media, as well as guidelines for using specific platforms like Wikipedia, Facebook, Twitter, blogs and YouTube. The introduction explains that the guidelines were created collaboratively by experts to facilitate online interactions within the pharma industry, in the absence of official FDA guidance. Key principles outlined include being transparent, clarifying intent, understanding medicine licenses, facilitating adverse event reporting and more.
Minnesota Department of Human Rights presentation from One Minneapolis: A Call to Action! conference December 2, 2011 hosted by the Minneapolis Department of Civil Rights
This package contains 59 coffee market analyses from the following countries: Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United States and Uruguay.
The US health care system is characterized by high technology and research but also lacks standardization and coordination. It employs millions of professionals across thousands of facilities but access remains unequal and costs are rising faster than economic growth. The system has evolved from early traditions of home care provided by women and religious healers to the current complex arrangement involving private insurers, employers, and government programs. Ongoing debates center around whether health care should be viewed primarily as an economic good or a social right.
This document outlines the key steps in policy analysis including defining the problem, identifying alternative policies, establishing evaluation criteria, evaluating the alternatives, selecting a preferred policy, and monitoring the policy after implementation. It notes that policy analysis seeks to identify the policy option that will achieve goals at the lowest cost but that rationality in the political process is difficult due to clashing ideas and strategic representations of situations by political proponents.
This document provides an overview of health policy and its relationship to ethics. It discusses why health is a policy issue due to concerns about physical/emotional well-being, its role in the economy and as a social/cultural value. The importance of health policy to nurses is described as it influences available technologies/treatments, healthcare systems, and patient relationships/care. The document also examines the differences between market and social justice approaches to healthcare policy and the role of politics in health policy development.
\n\nThe document discusses numerous historical events related to end-of-life issues from ancient times to modern day. Some key events include the Nuremberg trials establishing an international code of medical ethics in 1949, the development of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the 1960s, Oregon's Death with Dignity Act legalizing physician-assisted suicide in 1994, and the Supreme Court upholding the Death with Dignity Act in 2006. The document also covers topics like defining death, advance directives, euthanasia, assisted suicide, withdrawal of treatment, and Do Not Resuscitate orders.
This document summarizes Supreme Court decisions and other legal cases related to abortion in the United States. Some key points covered include:
- Roe v. Wade (1973) established a woman's right to abortion but allowed for state regulation later in pregnancy.
- Subsequent cases addressed issues like spousal consent, parental consent for minors, waiting periods, and restrictions on public funding of abortions.
- Partial birth abortion bans were struck down in some cases but upheld in others depending on how laws were written.
- Cases also involved involuntary sterilization, artificial insemination, and legal issues around wrongful birth, life, and conception claims.
The document reviews decades of legal
This document discusses the Foundation of Knowledge Model and its importance for nursing. The model depicts how nurses acquire, process, generate, and disseminate knowledge from data and information. It shows nurses transitioning between being knowledge consumers, brokers, and generators. Nursing informatics helps facilitate all aspects of nursing by efficiently capturing and sharing knowledge to enhance the profession and patient care.
This chapter discusses emerging technologies and their potential impact on knowledge generation in nursing. It outlines the history of technology development from the early 1900s and describes some current technologies like computerized decision support and telehealth. The chapter predicts ubiquitous access to information through technologies like gesture-based interfaces, and discusses how this may change the role of nurses. Key issues that will impact the future include information and communication technologies, nanotechnology, and moving beyond current technologies.
This chapter discusses emerging technologies and their impact on knowledge generation in nursing. It outlines the history of technology development and informatics applications. Some current technologies are described like decision support systems and wireless sensors. The chapter predicts continued technological advancement and discusses how this may change the role of nurses and overload providers with information. Communities of practice and e-portfolios are presented as ways to manage knowledge. The future is uncertain but technologies may make knowledge more accessible and ubiquitous.
This document discusses caring theories and strategies to enhance caring presence in technology-laden nursing environments. It explores Watson's Theory of Human Caring, which describes 10 Caritas Processes that represent caring behaviors. These include cultivating spiritual practices, developing trusting relationships, and attending to patient emotions and basic needs. The document also discusses how technology can disrupt the nurse-patient relationship and recommends being fully present, listening actively, explaining procedures, and using silence. It suggests techniques like centering, bracketing, and attentive communication to enhance caring presence despite technologies.
This document discusses different methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing data in nursing research. It describes acquiring knowledge through libraries and online databases like CINAHL and MEDLINE. It also discusses electronic library catalogs, tools for collecting and storing data, and processing data through quantitative and qualitative analysis to identify trends and relationships. The goal is to strengthen information literacy skills and use informatics tools to increase healthcare quality and safety.
Here are 3 potential barriers that could have caused a delay in implementing the research findings supporting the use of saline over heparin for maintaining peripheral IV catheters:
1. Lack of awareness or accessibility of the existing research evidence among clinicians. Medical research takes time to disseminate into practice.
2. Resistance to change long-standing practices without a compelling clinical practice guideline or recommendation from a major organization. The ASHP policy from 2006 helped address this.
3. Potential economic barriers if hospitals had invested in heparin products and switching to saline-only maintenance required a change in supplies and protocols. Standardizing on the lower cost saline may have faced resistance.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Contract
A special agreement, written or oral, that
involves legally binding obligations between
two or more parties.
3
4. Purpose of a Contract
• To specify, limit, & define agreements that are
legally enforceable.
• A contract forces the participants to be specific
in their understandings and expectations of
each other.
• Contracts serve to minimize misunderstanding
& offer a means for parties of a contract to
resolve any disputes that may arise.
4
5. Types of Contracts - I
• Express
– Oral
– Written
• Implied
• Voidable
• Executed
5
6. Types of Contracts - II
• Enforceable
• Unenforceable
• Realty
– Goods
– Services
6
7. Elements of a Contract
• Offer/Communication
• Consideration
– Adequacy
• Acceptance
– Meeting of the Minds
– Definite & Complete
– Duration
7
8. Breach of Contract
• Occurs when there is a violation of one or more of the
terms of the contract.
• Elements necessary to establish a breach
– A valid contract was executed.
– The plaintiff performed as specified in the
contract.
– The defendant failed to perform as specified in the
contract.
– The plaintiff suffered an economic loss as a result
of the defendant's breach of contract.
8
10. Legality of Object
To be a valid contract, the contract must not
violate any federal or state statute, law, rule or
regulation.
10
11. Conditions
Act/s or event/s that must occur or be performed
by one party before the 2nd party has any
responsibility to perform under the contract.
11
16. Text Cases: Employment Contracts
• Nurse Breaches Contract: Repayment of
Tuition Required
• Geographic Limitations on Practice
Reasonable
• No Express Agreement: Right to Terminate
• Breach of Employment Contract
• Restrictive Covenant Enforceable
• Restrictive Covenant Not Enforceable
16
17. Employee Handbook
– Elements necessary to establish employee
handbook as a contract:
• A policy statement that clearly sets forth a
promise that the employee can construe to be an
offer.
• Policy statement must be distributed to the
employee, making him or her aware of the
offer.
• After learning about the offer & policy
statement, the employee must “begin” or
“continue” to work.
– Employee Handbook: Considered a Contract 17
18. Medical Staff Bylaws a Contract
• Applicants for appointment to a medical-dental staff
submit a signed application attesting that he or she
has read & agree to accept & abide by the provisions
& directives in the bylaws.
• The physician promises to abide by the medical staff
bylaws in exchange for medical staff privileges.
• This exchange of promises, constitutes consideration
to support any contract of this bilateral nature.
18
19. Exclusive Contracts
An organization often enters into an exclusive
contract with physicians or medical groups for
the purpose of providing a specific service to
the organization. Exclusive contracts generally
occur within the organization's ancillary
service departments
(e.g., radiology, anesthesiology, and
pathology).
19
20. Restraint of Trade
• Department of Justice: primary responsibility for
enforcing federal antitrust laws
• Federal Trade Commission
• Sherman Antitrust Act
• Cases
– Conspiracy to Terminate Physician’s Privileges
– Claim of Group Boycott Denied
– Physician Agreement for Professional Services/
Too Restrictive
– Contract Violates Antitrust laws
20
21. Hospital Staff Privileges
• Restricting Privileges
– Moratoriums & closed medical staffs, as used in
the healthcare field, describe an organization’s
policy of prohibiting further appointments to its
medical staff
– Generally, a moratorium is for a specified period
of time
• It is lifted at such time as the purpose for which
it was instituted no longer exists
21
22. Moratorium Effect - I
• Effect on the organization’s census
• Organization and community needs for additional
physicians in certain medical and surgical specialties
and subspecialties
• Strain that additional staff will put on the
organization’s supporting departments
(e.g., radiology and laboratory services)
22
23. Moratorium Effect - II
• Effect of denying medical staff privileges to
applicants who presently are located within the
geographic area of the organization and
serving community residents
• Effect on any contracts the organization may
have with other healthcare delivery
systems, such as health maintenance
organizations
• Effect a moratorium will have on physician
groups that may desire to add a partner 23
24. Moratorium Effect - III
• Effect additional staff may have on the quality of care
rendered in the organization
• Whether closing the staff will confine control of the
organization’s beds to the existing medical
staff, allowing them to enhance their economic
interests at the expense of their patients and other
qualified physicians
• Effect of a limited moratorium by specialty as
opposed to a comprehensive one involving all
specialties (Indiscriminately closing a staff in all
departments and sections without a review could be 24
considered an action in restraint of trade.)
25. Moratorium Effect - IV
• Existence of a mechanism for periodic review of the
need to continue a moratorium
• Effect that medical staff resignations during the
moratorium may have on the organization’s census
• Existence of a mechanism for notifying potential
medical staff candidates at such time that the
organization determines that there is a need for an
expanded medical staff
25
26. Moratorium Effect - V
• Characteristics of the medical staff (Is the staff
aging and in need of new membership?)
• Potential for restraint of trade legal action
under anti-trust laws
• Effect on physicians without staff privileges
whose patients are admitted to the hospital
26
27. Moratorium Effect - VI
• Formation of a committee composed of
representatives from the governing
body, medical staff, administration, & legal
counsel to develop an appropriate moratorium
policy
27
28. Moratorium Effect - VII
Selection of a consultant
– study demographics marketplace
– physician referral patterns
– literature & organization use
– conduct a medical staff opinion poll
– develop patient–physician population ratios
28
29. Moratorium Effect - VIII
Selection of a consultant cont.
– determine population shifts
– develop a formula to determine optimal
staffing levels by department & section
– provide this information to the governing body
for use in determining appropriateness of
closing staff in selected medical departments
and/or sections
31. Transfer Agreement - I
• Identification of parties to agreement
• Purpose of agreement
• Policies & procedures for transfer
• Organizational responsibilities for transfer
• Exchanging/Sharing information
31
32. Transfer Agreement - II
• Retention of autonomy
• Procedure for settling disputes
• Procedure for modification or termination
• Sharing of Services
• Publicity
• Exclusive v. Non-exclusive agreement
32
33. Insurance Contract
• Insurance Denials
• Pre-existing Condition
– Truett v. Community Mut. Ins. Co.
– Coverage Denied
33
34. Review Questions - I
1. What is a contract?
2. Describe the differences between an express
and an implied contract.
3. What are the elements of a contract?
34
35. Review Questions - II
4. Discuss the remedies available for
nonperformance of a contract.
5. Discuss the importance of disclaimers in
employee handbooks.
6. Discuss why the courts often consider
medical staff bylaws a contract.
35
36. Review Questions - III
7. Explain why exclusive contracts are so
controversial.
8. Describe the advantages and disadvantages
of closing a medical staff to new physicians.
9. What is an insurance contract?
36