This document provides an overview of lighting systems and terms. It discusses different types of light sources like incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, discharge lamps, and their key features. It covers lighting terms such as illuminance, luminous efficacy, color rendering index. It also discusses control gear, luminaires and some good lighting practices for energy efficiency. The key points are that lighting accounts for 2-10% of industrial power, innovation in lighting offers energy savings opportunities, and proper lamp and luminaire selection along with operational practices can improve energy efficiency at the design stage.

1. Lighting
Dr.V.Saravanan
Associate Professor – EEE dept.
TCE, Madurai

2. LIGHTING SYSTEM
Lighting is an essential service in all
the industries
Power consumption by the industrial
lighting varies
◦ Between 2 to 10% of the total power
depending on the type of industry.
Innovation
& continuous
improvement in the field of lighting
◦ Has given rise to tremendous energy
saving opportunities

3. Contd.
Lighting is an area, which
provides a major scope to achieve
energy efficiency at the design
stage By incorporation of
◦ Modern energy efficient lamps
◦ Luminaries and gears
◦ Good operational practices

4. Basic Terms in Lighting System and
Features
Incandescent lamps:
Incandescent lamps produce light
◦ By means of a filament heated to
incandescence
◦ By the flow of electric current through it.
Principal parts of an incandescent
lamp, also known as GLS lamp
◦ Include the filament, the bulb, the fill gas
and the cap.

5. Reflector lamps
Reflector lamps are basically
incandescent
◦ Provided with a high quality internal
mirror
◦ Which follows exactly the parabolic shape
of the lamp.
The reflector is resistant to corrosion
◦ Thus making the lamp maintenance free
and output efficient.

6. Gas discharge lamps
Light is produced by the excitation of gas
◦ Contained in either a tubular or elliptical outer
bulb.
Commonly used discharge lamps are
◦ Fluorescent tube lamps (FTL)
◦ Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)
◦ Mercury Vapour Lamps
◦ Sodium Vapour Lamps
◦ Metal Halide Lamps

7. Luminaries
Luminaries is a device that distributes,
filters or transforms
◦ Light emitted from one or more lamps.
Basicphysical principles used in optical
luminaries are
◦ Reflection
◦ Absorption
◦ Transmission
◦ Refraction

8. Control Gear
Ballast:
◦ A current limiting device, to counter negative
resistance characteristics of any discharge
lamps.
◦ In case of fluorescent lamps, it aids the initial
voltage build-up, required for starting.
Ignitors:
◦ These are used for starting high intensity Metal
Halide and Sodium vapour lamps.

9. Illuminance
Lighting level produced by a lighting
installation is usually qualified
◦ By the luminance produced on a specified
plane.
In most cases, this plane is the major plane
of the tasks in the interior and is
commonly called the working plane.
Illuminance provided by an installation
affects
◦ Both the performance of the tasks and the
appearance of the space.

10. Lux (lx)
Illuminance produced
◦ By a luminous flux of one lumen, uniformly
distributed over a surface area of one square
metre.
One lux is equal to one lumen per square
meter.

11. Luminous Efficacy (lm/W)
Ratio of luminous flux emitted by a lamp
to the power consumed by the lamp.
It is a reflection of efficiency of energy
conversion from electricity to light form.

12. Colour Rendering Index (CRI)
Isa measure of the degree to which the
colours of surfaces illuminated
◦ By a given light source confirm to those of the
same surfaces under a reference illuminant
Suitable allowance having been made for
the state of Chromatic adaptation

13. Light Source
Incandescent Lamp
◦ GLS Lamp
◦ Halogen Lamp
◦ Blended Mercury Vapour Lamp
Candescent Lamp
◦ LP Mercury Vapour Lamp
◦ HP Mercury Vapour Lamp
◦ Metal Halide lamp
◦ HP Sodium Vapour Lamp
◦ LP Sodium Vapour lamp

14. Filament Lamps
GLS Lamps
◦ Wide operating voltage
◦ Most inefficient form of lighting
◦ More heat than light
◦ 10-12 Lumens / watt
◦ Working temp. 1900°K
◦ 100% Colour Rendering index

15. Blended Mercury Vapour Lamp
Filament lamp filled with Mercury Gas
High Intensity Lamp
Luminous Intensity – 20Lumens/Watt
Colour rendering index – 75%
Suitable for limitation Jewelry Shop

16. Halogen lamp
100% Colour Rendering Index
Focus Lighting Applications
Low Voltage Halogen lamp
◦ Star Hotel conference hall lighting
◦ Display lighting system
Normal Halogen Lighting
◦ Video graphic Applications – 2000Lux
◦ High Intensity Lamp
◦ Stadium Lighting

17. Compact Fluorescent Lamp
New Generation High Efficacy Lamp
◦ 45-85 Lumens / Watt
Good Color rendering Index – 85%
Compact Shape
More Life time – 8000 Hours
Good Alternative for filament lamp
Ideal for Star Hotels, Shops, Gardens &
Walk Ways

18. CFL Lamps

19. High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamp
Conventional Fluorescent lamp
◦ Efficacy – 54 Lumens / Watt
◦ CRI – 77%
High Efficiency Fluorescent lamp
◦ Efficacy – 86 Lumens / Watt
◦ CRI – 86%
◦ Tri-phosphor coated
◦ Krypton – Increase life
40% Efficient than conventional tube light
Ideal choice for New Project(Design Stage)
Where existing lighting is poor

20. Metal halide Lamp
Latest Generation High Intensity lamp
Produce White light
Luminous Efficacy – 80 to 100
Lumens/Watt
Colour rendering index – 85%
Factory, Stadium & Monument Lighting
Applications

21. Green Park Stadium, Mumbai

22. High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamp
Produce Yellow Light
Luminous efficacy –110 –125 Lumen/Watt
Poor Colour Rendering Index – 35%
Ideal for Street & Road Side lighting
Airport Lighting

23. Santhacruz Airport, Mumbai

24. High Pressure Mercury Vapour lamp
Produce White Light
Luminous Efficacy – 55-60Lumens/Watt
Colour Rendering Index – 55%
Olden Days factory inside lighting
applications
Nowadays replaced with Metal Halide
Lamp

25. Low Pressure Mercury Vapour lamp
Fluorescent Lamp
◦ Tube Light
 Conventional Tube Light – 55 Lumens/Watt
 Energy Efficient Tube Light – 85
Lumens/Watt
◦ Compact Fluorescent lamp
 Ideal replacement for GLS Lamp
 Luminous efficiency – 80Lumens / Watt

26. Efficient Lamps
Compact Florescent Lamp
Colour – 80 Series Tube Lights
Metal Halide Lamps
High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamp
(HPSV Lamp)
LED Lamps

27. Fluorescent Lamp Gears - Chokes
Conventional Choke used in Tube Light
consumes – 9 to 14Watts as loss – because
of low grade steel
Energy efficient Choke consumes – 4 to
5Watts as loss – uses Cold rolled grain
oriented silicon steel laminations
Electronic Choke consumes 1 to 2 Watts

28. Energy Efficient Copper Ballast
ConventionalBallast in Tube light
consumes 10-14Watts as loss
◦ Use Low grade steel
◦ Less copper area – 550Grams
EnergyEfficient Choke consumes
4-5Watts as loss
◦ CRGO Silicon Steel Laminations
◦ More Copper Areas – 940Grams
◦ Use Vacuum Impregnation Technique

29. LUMINOUS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
OF COMMONLY USED LUMINARIES
Types of Lumen CRI Application Life in
Lamp / Hours
Watt
GLS Lamp 14 Excellent Homes, restaurants, 1000
general lighting,
emergency lighting
Fluorescent 50 Good Offices, shops, hospitals, 5000
Lamps homes
CFL 60 Very Hotels, shops, homes, 8000
good offices
HPMV 50 Fair General lighting in 5000
Lamp factories, garages, car
parking, flood
lighting

30. LUMINOUS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
OF COMMONLY USED LUMINARIES
Types of Lumen CRI Application Life in
Lamp / Hours
Watt
Halogen 20 Excellent Display, flood lighting, 2000
lamps stadium
exhibition grounds,
construction areas
HPSV 90 Fair General lighting, ware 12000
Lamp houses, street Lighting
LPSV 150 Poor Roadways, tunnels, 12000
Lamp canals, street lighting

31. Energy Conservation Avenues
Maximize sunlight use through use of
◦ Transparent roof sheets, north light roof,
etc.
Replacements of lamps by more
energy efficient lamps, with due
consideration to
◦ Luminaries, color rendering index, lux
level as well as expected life comparison .

32. Contd.
Replace conventional magnetic ballasts by
more energy efficient ballasts, with due
consideration to
◦ Life and power factor apart from watt loss
Selectinterior colours for light reflection.
Modify layout for optimum lighting.

33. Contd.
Providing individual / group controls
for lighting for energy efficiency
◦ On / off, Group control switches / units
◦ Occupancy sensors
◦ Photocell controls
◦ Timer operated controls
◦ Computerized lighting control programs

34. Contd.
Installinput voltage regulators / controllers
for energy efficiency as well as longer life
expectancy for lamps
◦ Where higher voltages, fluctuations are
expected.
Replace energy efficient displays like LED's
in place of
◦ Lamp type displays in control panels /
instrumentation areas, etc.

35. Energy Efficient Replacement
Options
Sector Existing Proposed Watts % of
Saving Savings
Domestic / GLS 100W CFL 25W 75W 75%
Commercial GLS 60W CFL 20W 40W 66%
Domestic/ Industry / TL 40W TL36 4W 10%
Commercial
Industry / HPMV MH 150W 100W 40%
Commercial – 250W MH 250W 150W 38%
Indoor App. HPMV
400W
Industry / HPMV HPSV 150W 100W 40%
Commercial – 250W HPSV 250W 150W 38%
Outdoor App. HPMV
400W

37. Some Good Lighting Practices
Installationof energy efficient
fluorescent lamps
◦ In place of "Conventional" fluorescent
lamps
Installation of CFL‘s
◦ In place of incandescent lamps.
Installation of metal halide lamps
◦ In place of HPMV/HPSV lamps

38. Contd.
Installation of HPSV lamps for
applications
◦ where colour rendering is not critical
Installationof LED panel indicator
lamps in place of filament lamps

39. Thank you