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This document defines key terms used in the Civil Servants Act of 1973. Section 2(1) defines terms including "initial appointment", "pay", "permanent post", "prescribed", "rules", "selection authority", and "temporary post". It also states that an appointment will be deemed regular if made in the prescribed manner. Section 2(2) defines "civil servant" and provides exclusions from this definition. The overall summary is that Section 2 of the Civil Servants Act of 1973 establishes definitions for terms used in the Act that are important for understanding appointments and conditions of service for civil servants in Pakistan.
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This document discusses control over delegated legislation in Pakistan. It outlines that parliamentary and judicial control exist. Judicial review allows superior courts to declare legislative or administrative acts ultra vires if they are inconsistent with the constitution, parent statute, other statutes, or fail to follow proper procedure. Grounds for challenging rules include inconsistency, conflict, non-conformity to procedure, barring court jurisdiction, enabling act being unconstitutional, failing the tests of vires, reasonableness and good faith, being discriminatory, unjust, oppressive or interfering with people's rights without justification.
11th lecture
The document discusses the historical background and development of the separation of powers doctrine. It traces the origins of separating government powers to Aristotle in the 4th century BC, who identified the general assembly, public officials, and judiciary as the three agencies of government. The doctrine was later more fully developed by the French jurist Baron de Montesquieu in the 18th century. Montesquieu argued that no single person or group should control all branches of government, and that each branch - the executive, legislative, and judicial - should be independent and unable to interfere with the functions of the other branches, in order to protect liberty and justice.
7th lecture
This document discusses delegated legislation in Pakistan. It defines delegated legislation as legislation created by an entity other than the legislature, when authorized by the legislature. The document outlines the authority for delegated legislation, including the Civil Servant Act of 1973, and discusses objectives like shifting burdens and establishing frameworks. It also covers reasons for the growth of delegated legislation, such as limitations of time and technical expertise, and limitations on permissible versus impermissible types of delegated laws.
20th lecture
The document discusses the development of the rule of law in Western concepts from Magna Carta in 1215 through the 16th century introduction of isonomia, or equality before the law. It then outlines Dicey's formulation of the rule of law, which includes three main principles: equality before the law, supremacy of law, and predominance of legal spirit. The supremacy of law principle establishes that the law of the land is supreme, no one is above the law, behavior is checked against existing law, and people are governed by law alone and can only be punished for breaches of law through due process.
8th lecture
The document discusses delegated legislation in the United States and Pakistan. In theory, delegated legislation is not acceptable in the US due to the separation of powers doctrine and the idea that a delegate cannot further delegate. However, in practice the Supreme Court allows Congress to lay down general policies and standards that agencies can then use to fill in details. Delegated legislation is permissible both in theory and in practice in Pakistan according to the constitution. The document also lists some advantages and disadvantages of delegated legislation.
3rd lecture
The document defines three key terms related to government services in Pakistan:
1) Constitutional Posts are positions directly established and governed by the Constitution, with their appointment and removal processes also outlined in the Constitution.
2) All-Pakistan Service refers to services that operate across both the federal and provincial governments that were established before or can be created by parliamentary act.
3) Service of Pakistan encompasses any role related to the federal or provincial governments, including All-Pakistan Services and military services, but excludes specific political leadership roles.
27th lecture
The document discusses the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), which is the corporate regulatory authority in Pakistan. It defines the SECP as the authority that controls corporate structures and observes corporate activities, taking appropriate action against violations of corporate law. The SECP was established under the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan Act of 1997. It is headed in Islamabad and led by a chairman appointed by the federal government. The SECP regulates stock exchanges, brokers and investigates offenses under related ordinances. It also considers reforms to company, corporate and securities market laws.
19th lecture
The document discusses the historical background of the rule of law concept. It began in 1215 with the Magna Carta, which established that no free man could be imprisoned without a lawful judgment by his peers. In the 16th century, the concept of isonomia or equality before the law was imported to England. Sir Edward Coke further developed the idea in the 17th century, asserting that the king should be under God and law, and the government subject to law rather than law being subject to government. Throughout history, philosophers like Confucius, Aristotle, and later thinkers like Hobbes and Rousseau discussed concepts like natural law or social contract that relate to everyone, including governments, being governed by a higher law.
13th lecture
This document outlines the key requirements and contents of a company's Article of Association (AOA). The AOA must be dated, printed, divided into paragraphs, and signed by subscribers. It defines matters like the company's business, capital structure, shareholder rights, director appointment and duties. The AOA is subordinate to the Memorandum of Association and company law. It establishes internal rules for company management and must not contain anything illegal, inconsistent with the MOA, or against company ordinance. Registration of the AOA is optional for some companies but compulsory for others. The document was prepared by a law lecturer for second year law students on the topic of company AOA.
10th lecture
This document discusses the quasi-judicial function and its differences from the traditional judiciary. It defines quasi-judicial function as when an administrative or executive authority performs the functions of the judiciary, such as investigating facts and drawing conclusions to make official decisions. Some criticisms of the traditional judiciary are that it has lengthy procedures, is costly, and has a slow system. Quasi-judicial decisions do not need to follow strict rules of evidence or precedent like judicial decisions do. There are key differences between judicial and quasi-judicial functions, such as quasi-judicial bodies not always being bound by precedent and not needing to follow strict rules of evidence.
Outlines
This document outlines the topics to be covered in an Introduction to Law course. The course will cover the development of law and different legal theories. It will examine key concepts in law like the sources of law, types of law, legal persons and liability. Major topics will include natural law theory, the social contract theory, sources of Islamic law and English law, prominent jurists' contributions, Islamic concepts of state and justice. The course is divided into 10 units that will cover these essential aspects of the legal system and jurisprudence.
21th lecture
The document discusses the principle of equality before law. It states that all persons should be treated equally under the law regardless of status, and that the law should be blind to factors like wealth or occupation. However, it acknowledges that strict mathematical equality is not possible, and that some classification and legal immunities are necessary for the functioning of the state. The predominant concern, then, is that the spirit of the law and fundamental rights are upheld by the courts, even if absolute equality cannot be achieved.
23rd lecture
Driot administratif refers to the rules of the French legal system that regulate the relationship between the administration and citizens of the state. Its origins can be traced back to 1302 with the establishment of the Conseil du Roi and Conseil D'État to advise the monarch. After the 1789 revolution, the Conseil du Roi was abolished and the Conseil d'État was established in 1799 by Napoleon to provide citizens relief against the excessive power of the administration. The Conseil d'État is now the highest administrative court that hears cases involving acts by public officials and was gradually given more independence and authority over time, including the power to directly hear complaints from citizens in
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Complete result
The document appears to be a class result sheet listing 99 students' scores on various assignments, exams, and their total marks. It includes the students' registration numbers, names, scores on 5 questions (Q1-Q5), 2 assignments (A1-A2), midterm exam (M-T), final term exam (F-T), and their total marks. The class topic was the US Constitution for 4th semester LL.B students, and was taught by Muneer Hussain at the University Law College in Quetta.
Complete result
This document appears to be a class result sheet including scores on 5 quizzes (Q1 through Q5) for various students in an LL.B 4th semester US Constitution class. It lists each student's roll number, name, and scores on the 5 quizzes, as well as their marks in assignments 1 and 2 (A1 and A2) and midterm (M-T) and final term (F-T) exams. The lecturer is listed as MUNIR HUSSAIN from the UNIVERSITY LAW COLLEGE in QUETTA.
Key 4th quiz 4th semester
This document appears to be a quiz on topics related to the US Constitution. It contains 15 multiple choice or true/false questions testing knowledge of things like the structure of the US court system, the process for amending the Constitution, and historical events like the Marbury v. Madison case. It also includes 5 short answer questions requiring students to match certain terms or people with their descriptions. The quiz is out of a total of 15 points and students are given 15 minutes to complete it.
2nd assignment
This document provides instructions for a 4-page assignment on the topic of "Blue Laws in the United States of America". Students must include a particulars page, contents page, and main body not exceeding 4 pages. The main body should discuss the historical background and development of blue laws in at least 25 US states. References are required except for original ideas, and the assignment must follow formatting guidelines. It is due by November 29, 2017 to be considered.
18th lecture
Article IV of the US Constitution outlines requirements for relations between states. It requires states to give full faith and credit to legal proceedings of other states, and guarantees citizens of each state the privileges and immunities of citizens in other states. It also establishes procedures for returning fugitives from justice and fugitive slaves to the states they fled from, and outlines the process for admission of new states and Congressional power over US territories. Article IV further guarantees each state a republican form of government and federal protection from invasion and domestic violence upon request.
17th lecture
John Adams appointed Marbury as a justice of the peace for Washington D.C. However, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison refused to deliver Marbury's commission. This led to the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, where the Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review. The Court declared that Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional, marking the first time it struck down a law for being unconstitutional. This established the Supreme Court's ability to review laws and executive actions and determine their constitutionality under the U.S. Constitution.
17th lecture
The document summarizes the structure and organization of the three levels of the federal court system in the United States according to Article III of the US Constitution. It establishes that the judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and any inferior courts established by Congress. It outlines the jurisdiction and roles of the Supreme Court, Circuit Courts of Appeals, and District Courts. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction in most cases and original jurisdiction in those involving states or ambassadors. Below the Supreme Court are 13 Circuit Courts of Appeals and 94 District Courts that make up the first level where most cases are tried.
16th lecture
The document discusses the emergency powers of the US President. It notes that while the Constitution is silent on emergency powers, the Supreme Court has held that emergencies do not create or increase powers beyond what is granted in the Constitution, but Congress can confer additional powers on the President during emergencies. Two key historical examples are cited - Abraham Lincoln using emergency powers during the Civil War, and FDR proclaiming an emergency in 1941 to control resources during WWII. There are two types of emergencies - limited and unlimited - and the President has broad powers as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and for national defense during emergencies, though these powers are still subject to Constitutional limitations.
15th lecture
The document outlines the procedure for electing the U.S. President according to the Constitution. It discusses that the process begins with each party nominating candidates, then a campaign period, the nomination of electors by each state, and the electors officially voting for President. It notes that the election process is quite long and complicated. It also briefly discusses the qualifications to be President, the term length, and order of succession if the President is impeached or unable to serve.
14th lecture
The document discusses the powers of the US President. It states that the President has the most powerful executive office in the world according to European scholars. The President's powers are outlined in Article 2 of the US Constitution and include legislative powers like veto power; financial powers over the budget; judicial powers like pardon power; foreign affairs powers like making treaties; and military powers as commander-in-chief. Case law has established the President's power to remove officers and use the military in emergencies. In conclusion, the President plays a ceremonial, legislative, executive, and diplomatic role as the leader of the nation.
Complete result
This document contains the results of a 3rd quiz for a LL.B 4th semester class on the US constitution with 99 students. It lists each student's roll number, name, and their scores on questions 1-5 of the quiz. It was authored by MUNIR HUSSAIN, a lecturer at the UNIVERSITY LAW COLLEGE in QUETTA and provides the class topic, standard, and semester. The document includes the disclaimer "Errors and Omissions excepted' (E&OE)".
Key 3rd quiz 4th semester
This document appears to be a quiz on aspects of the US Constitution and government. It contains 15 multiple choice or true/false questions testing knowledge of topics like the roles of the House and Senate, qualifications for office, and other structural elements. The quiz also includes matching questions pairing concepts like age qualifications, treaties, and "pro tempore" with their meanings. The document provides instructions for the quiz, noting it is out of 15 total marks and has a 15 minute time limit. It wishes the student "best of luck" on the assessment.
15th lecture
The document discusses the composition and powers of the House of Representatives according to the US Constitution. It notes that the House has 435 members with a two-year tenure. Among its powers are origination of money bills, declaring war, and impeaching the President or other civil officers. However, the House is considered a weaker chamber than the Senate due to factors like its short terms, inexperienced members, and limitations on speech.
14th lecture
The American Senate is described as the most powerful second chamber in the world. It was intentionally designed by the framers of the US Constitution to have equal legislative, executive, and financial authority as the House of Representatives. Some of its special powers include approving presidential appointments and treaties. The Senate serves as a check on both the democratic tendencies of the House and potential overreach by the President. It is composed of two senators from each state who are elected to six-year terms, with one-third being elected every two years.
14th lecture
The American Senate is described as the most powerful second chamber in the world. It was intentionally designed by the framers of the US Constitution to have equal legislative, executive, and financial authority as the House of Representatives. Some of its special powers include approving presidential appointments and treaties. The Senate serves as a check on both the democratic tendencies of the House and potential overreach by the President. It is composed of two senators from each state who are elected to six-year terms, with one-third being elected every two years.
13th lecture
The document discusses the organization and powers of Congress in the United States. Congress is the legislative branch of the US government and is made up of two chambers - the Senate and the House of Representatives. Congress has both legislative powers, such as making laws and setting budgets, as well as non-legislative powers like confirming appointments, ratifying treaties, and conducting investigations. Overall, Congress is responsible for deliberating and acting on behalf of the American people to govern the country in accordance with the US Constitution.
12th lecture
This document outlines 37 salient features of the American Constitution, including that it is the briefest written constitution, establishes a system of separation of powers and checks and balances, guarantees fundamental rights and an independent judiciary, and has evolved over time to expand civil rights and democratic principles such as women's suffrage and the abolition of slavery.
9th lecture
The document summarizes key sections of Article I of the US Constitution, which establishes the legislative branch. It describes how Congress is composed of the House of Representatives and Senate. The House is elected every two years by the people and representation is based on population. The Senate has two members from each state who are elected by the state legislature to six-year terms, with one-third being elected every two years. Article I also establishes Congress's powers, including taxation, borrowing, commerce, and currency regulation.
Complete result
This document contains the results of a 2nd quiz for a 4th semester LL.B class on the US constitution at University Law College in Quetta. It lists the student roll numbers, names, and scores on different questions and sections of the quiz, with some scores left blank or marked with "X". A total of 73 students took the quiz and are listed with their partial scores. The lecturer who administered the quiz is named at the bottom along with the class details and a Facebook page URL.
Key 2nd quiz 4th semester
This document appears to be a quiz on articles of confederation and the US constitution for an LL.B 4th semester class. It contains 15 multiple choice or true/false questions testing knowledge of key facts about the articles of confederation and the structure and branches of the US government as established in the constitution. The questions cover topics like powers under the articles, those who presided over conventions, and matching constitutional articles and concepts to their definitions.
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As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
办理(waikato毕业证书)新西兰怀卡托大学毕业证双学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(waikato毕业证书)新西兰怀卡托大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
1比1制作(swansea毕业证书)英国斯旺西大学毕业证学位证书托业成绩单原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(swansea毕业证书)英国斯旺西大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence Lawyers
Discover how Mississauga criminal defence lawyers defend clients facing weapon offence charges with expert legal guidance and courtroom representation.
To know more visit: https://www.saini-law.com/
定制(nus毕业证书)新加坡国立大学毕业证学位证书实拍图原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(nus毕业证书)新加坡国立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)
Presentation at the Idaho State Bar Business & Corporate Law Section's Annual Meeting on June 4, 2024
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
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against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
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4th lecture
- 1. (c) "Initial appointment" mans appointment made otherwise than by promotion or Transfer. (d) "Pay" means the amount drawn monthly by a civil servant as pay and includes Technical pay, special pay, personal pay and any other emoluments declared by the Prescribed authority to be pay; (e) "Permanent post" means a post sanctioned without limit of time; (f) "Prescribed" means prescribed by rules; (g) "Rules" means rules made or deemed to have been made under this Act; (h) "Selection authority" means the Federal Public Service Commission, a departmental selection board, departmental selection committee or other authority or body on the recommendation of or in consultation with which any appointment or Promotion, as may be prescribed, is made; and (i) "Temporary post" means a post other than a permanent post. (2) For the purposes of this Act, an appointment, whether by promotion or otherwise, shall be deemed to have been made on regular basis if it is made in the prescribed Manner. WHEREAS it is expedient to regulate by law, the appointment of persons to, and the terms and conditions of service of persons, in the service of Pakistan, and to provide for matters connected therewith or ancillary thereto; It is hereby enacted as follows:- 1. Short title, application and commencement.-(1) This Act may be called the Civil Servants Act, 1973. (2) it applies to all civil servants wherever they may be. (3) It shall come into force at once. 2. Definitions.-(1) In this act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or Context,- (a) "Ad hoc appointment" means appointment of a duly qualified person made Otherwise than in accordance with the prescribed method of recruitment, pending Recruitment in accordance with such method; (b) "Civil servant" means a person who is a member of an All-Pakistan Service or of a civil service of the Federation, or who holds a civil post in connection with the affairs of the Federation, including any such post connected with defence, but does include- (i) a person who is on deputation to the Federation from any Province or other Authority; (ii) a person who is employed on contract, or on work- charged basis or who is paid from contingencies; or (iii) a person who is "worker" or "workman" as defined in the Factories Act, (XXV of 1934), or the Workman's Compensation Act, 1923 (VIII of 1923): Subject: Administrative law (services laws) Standard: LL.B second year Topic: civil servants Act 1973 MUNIR HUSSAIN KTK Lecturer UNIVERSITY LAW COLLEGE QUETTA www.facebook.com/pages/Corridor-to-Commercial-Law Objective To learn I. the section 1 and 2 of the civil servants Act 1973 Section 2 Interpretations or Definitions section Section 2 Interpretations or Definitions section