This document discusses various topics related to magnetism including:
1. The properties of bar magnets such as poles attracting and repelling and aligning along the North-South axis.
2. Magnetic fields created by current loops and solenoids which behave similarly to bar magnets.
3. Key terms like magnetic dipole moment, magnetic permeability, and hysteresis.
4. Earth's magnetic field including declination, dip, horizontal and vertical components.
5. The differences between diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials and their behavior in magnetic fields.
6. Curie's law relating magnetic susceptibility to temperature.
This document discusses various topics related to magnetism including:
1. The properties of bar magnets such as having two poles and aligning along the north-south axis.
2. Current loops and solenoids can also act as magnets with a magnetic dipole moment.
3. The magnetic field due to a dipole follows an inverse cube law and the torque on a dipole in a uniform field is proportional to the magnetic moment.
4. Earth has its own magnetic field with a magnetic axis inclined to the geographic axis, and this field exhibits properties like declination and dip.
5. Materials are classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic based on their relative permeability and
This document discusses various topics related to magnetism including:
1. The properties of bar magnets such as having two poles and aligning along the north-south direction.
2. Current loops and solenoids acting as magnetic dipoles with a magnetic dipole moment.
3. Coulomb's law for magnetism describing the force between magnetic poles.
4. Key terms such as magnetic field strength, magnetic flux, permeability, and susceptibility.
5. The magnetic field created by a magnetic dipole and the torque experienced by a dipole in a uniform magnetic field.
Magnetism and Matter" is a fundamental topic covered in Class 12 Physics curriculum, delving into the intricate relationship between magnetism and the behavior of matter. This branch of physics explores the properties of magnets, the magnetic field they generate, and the interactions between magnetic fields and various materials. The study encompasses a range of phenomena, from the fundamental principles governing the behaviour of magnetic fields to the practical applications of magnetism in modern technology.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.con
This document provides information on various topics related to magnetism and magnetic materials:
1. It discusses different types of magnetic behavior such as diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. It also discusses the properties of hard and soft magnetic materials.
2. Key magnetic parameters are defined, including magnetic permeability, susceptibility, intensity of magnetization, Curie temperature, magnetic dipole moment, magnetic flux, and relative permeability.
3. The differences between diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials are summarized in a table comparing their behaviors and properties.
4. The document also explains hysteresis loops, hard and soft magnets, and fer
This document provides information on magnetic materials and concepts. It discusses [1] the key differences between diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism. It also covers [2] the differences between hard and soft magnets, including their typical applications. Finally, it explains [3] several important magnetic parameters such as permeability, susceptibility, intensity of magnetization and hysteresis loops.
1. Magnetism is the property of attracting iron and steel. Magnets can be natural or artificial. Natural magnets form in rocks containing iron ore, while artificial magnets are human-made from materials like iron.
2. The simplest type of magnet is a bar magnet, which is rectangular in shape and has magnetic poles at each end. Bar magnets have magnetic field lines that form closed loops and attract or repel other magnets depending on whether the poles are opposite or same.
3. The Earth itself acts as a giant bar magnet due to electrical currents in its outer core. The Earth has a north and south magnetic pole that do not align with its geographic poles. The magnetic field at any
This document discusses various topics related to magnetism including:
1. The properties of bar magnets such as having two poles and aligning along the north-south axis.
2. Current loops and solenoids can also act as magnets with a magnetic dipole moment.
3. The magnetic field due to a dipole follows an inverse cube law and the torque on a dipole in a uniform field is proportional to the magnetic moment.
4. Earth has its own magnetic field with a magnetic axis inclined to the geographic axis, and this field exhibits properties like declination and dip.
5. Materials are classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic based on their relative permeability and
This document discusses various topics related to magnetism including:
1. The properties of bar magnets such as having two poles and aligning along the north-south direction.
2. Current loops and solenoids acting as magnetic dipoles with a magnetic dipole moment.
3. Coulomb's law for magnetism describing the force between magnetic poles.
4. Key terms such as magnetic field strength, magnetic flux, permeability, and susceptibility.
5. The magnetic field created by a magnetic dipole and the torque experienced by a dipole in a uniform magnetic field.
Magnetism and Matter" is a fundamental topic covered in Class 12 Physics curriculum, delving into the intricate relationship between magnetism and the behavior of matter. This branch of physics explores the properties of magnets, the magnetic field they generate, and the interactions between magnetic fields and various materials. The study encompasses a range of phenomena, from the fundamental principles governing the behaviour of magnetic fields to the practical applications of magnetism in modern technology.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.con
This document provides information on various topics related to magnetism and magnetic materials:
1. It discusses different types of magnetic behavior such as diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. It also discusses the properties of hard and soft magnetic materials.
2. Key magnetic parameters are defined, including magnetic permeability, susceptibility, intensity of magnetization, Curie temperature, magnetic dipole moment, magnetic flux, and relative permeability.
3. The differences between diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials are summarized in a table comparing their behaviors and properties.
4. The document also explains hysteresis loops, hard and soft magnets, and fer
This document provides information on magnetic materials and concepts. It discusses [1] the key differences between diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism. It also covers [2] the differences between hard and soft magnets, including their typical applications. Finally, it explains [3] several important magnetic parameters such as permeability, susceptibility, intensity of magnetization and hysteresis loops.
1. Magnetism is the property of attracting iron and steel. Magnets can be natural or artificial. Natural magnets form in rocks containing iron ore, while artificial magnets are human-made from materials like iron.
2. The simplest type of magnet is a bar magnet, which is rectangular in shape and has magnetic poles at each end. Bar magnets have magnetic field lines that form closed loops and attract or repel other magnets depending on whether the poles are opposite or same.
3. The Earth itself acts as a giant bar magnet due to electrical currents in its outer core. The Earth has a north and south magnetic pole that do not align with its geographic poles. The magnetic field at any
Magnetism and Matter,Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipo...Oleepari
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment,magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron,
bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements.
This document provides information about Earth's magnetism and magnetic fields. It explains that Earth's magnetic field is generated by a dynamo effect in the planet's liquid iron core, similar to how a bicycle dynamo works. It also defines key terms related to magnetism, including uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields, magnetic field lines, magnetic poles, dipoles, permeability, and susceptibility. The document discusses how Earth's magnetic field behaves similarly to a bar magnet and protects the planet, while hot temperatures cause metals to lose their magnetic properties.
Lorentz Force Magnetic Force on a moving charge in uniform Electric and Mag...Priyanka Jakhar
1) The document discusses the magnetic force on a moving charge and current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. It defines magnetic force and derives the formulae for force on a charge and conductor.
2) Magnetic force on a moving charge is directly proportional to the charge, velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field, and magnetic field strength. The formula derived is F = qvBsinθ.
3) Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor is directly proportional to the current, length of conductor perpendicular to the magnetic field, and magnetic field strength. The formula is F = ILBsinθ.
It is phenomenon by virtue of which a current produces a magnetic field. A straight current produces a circular magnetic field and a circular current produces a straight magnetic field at the centre of the circular coil.
This document discusses the history and key concepts of magnetism. It summarizes that:
1) William Gilbert discovered magnetism and that Earth itself is a weak magnet. Hans Oersted linked electricity and magnetism, and James Clerk Maxwell proved they are aspects of the same force field.
2) A magnet has two poles (north and south) and magnetic fields can be measured in units of tesla. The magnetic field is strongest along the axis of a bar magnet and weakest at its equator.
3) Earth's magnetic field can be resolved into horizontal and vertical components and causes compasses to align with the magnetic north and south poles, not the geographic poles. Magnetic declination and dip
1. Hans Christian Oersted discovered that electric currents produce magnetic fields. He observed that a current-carrying wire deflected a nearby compass needle. This showed that moving electric charges create magnetic fields.
2. The direction of the magnetic field produced by a current can be determined using the right-hand rule. The force on a moving charge in a magnetic field depends on the charge, velocity, field strength, and their relative directions, as described by the Lorentz force law.
3. Magnetic fields can cause moving charges to travel in circular paths. The radius of the path is determined by the charge, velocity, and magnetic field strength. This explains phenomena like the bending of electron beams in cathode ray tubes
This document discusses electricity and magnetism. It provides information on the fundamental properties of magnets and magnetic fields. Some key points include:
- Magnetism and electricity are two aspects of a single phenomenon related to the motion of electric charges.
- Magnetic fields can be produced by electric currents in wires, as discovered by Oersted in 1820.
- Magnetic induction B is defined based on the force experienced by a moving charge in a magnetic field.
- Materials can be classified as ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic based on their behavior in magnetic fields. Permeability and susceptibility quantify a material's response to magnetic fields.
- Early experiments in magnetism date back to ancient Greeks and Chinese who observed magnetic properties.
- In the 13th century, Pierre de Maricourt discovered magnetic field lines and the existence of magnetic poles.
- In the 1820s, experiments by Faraday, Henry and others established the connection between electricity and magnetism.
- A magnetic field is generated by moving electric charges or magnetic materials. It exerts a force on moving charges perpendicular to both the field and velocity vectors.
- The motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field follows a circular or helical path depending on its orientation to the field.
The document provides a history of magnetism and discoveries about magnetic fields. It discusses:
- Early uses of magnets dating back to 13th century BC by Chinese and Greeks
- Pierre de Maricourt's discovery of magnetic poles in 1269
- Connections made between electricity and magnetism from 1819-1820s
- Every magnet has two poles (north and south) that exert attractive or repulsive forces
- Magnetic field lines can be traced around magnets and charges using compasses or iron filings
- Charged particles experience a force perpendicular to their velocity and the magnetic field
1. The document discusses magnetic methods for groundwater exploration. It covers topics such as the earth's magnetic field, magnetization of materials, magnetic anomalies over simple shapes, and magnetic surveying.
2. Key points include that magnetic surveying measures variations in the magnetic field to locate concentrations of magnetic materials. The magnetic susceptibility of rocks can vary significantly and influences the induced magnetization. Magnetic anomalies provide information on the location, size, and depth of magnetic sources like dykes.
3. Temporal variations in the earth's magnetic field like diurnal and secular changes need to be considered during data acquisition and processing to accurately interpret magnetic survey results.
This document provides an overview and summary of key topics in electromagnetism, including magnetism and magnetic fields. It discusses what produces magnetic fields, defines the magnetic field B, describes magnetic field lines and poles. It also covers the magnetic force on a charged particle and current-carrying wire, motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field including cyclotron acceleration. Torque on a current-carrying coil and the magnetic dipole moment are also summarized. The document provides definitions, diagrams and equations for understanding fundamental concepts of magnetism.
This document discusses magnetism and magnetic fields. It begins by defining magnetism and describing some everyday examples of magnetism. It then discusses applications of magnetism such as electromagnets, motors, and magnetic storage devices. The document also covers the nature and properties of magnetism, including Earth's magnetic field and how it is used in applications like labeling airport runways. Key concepts discussed include the right-hand rules for determining magnetic force and field direction. An example of magnetic force on a current-carrying wire is given for speakers.
1) The Earth behaves like a giant bar magnet with magnetic north and south poles. Its magnetic field is generated by electrical currents in the liquid outer core due to convection of iron and nickel.
2) The magnetic poles do not align with the geographic poles, as the magnetic axis is tilted about 11 degrees from the Earth's rotational axis.
3) The dynamo effect in the outer core sustains the Earth's magnetic field through convection-driven electrical currents that act like a self-exciting dynamo.
1. Magnetic fields exert forces on moving charged particles. The magnitude and direction of this force depends on the charge, velocity, and magnetic field.
2. Charged particles moving through a uniform magnetic field will travel in a circular path perpendicular to the magnetic field. The radius of the circular path depends on the particle's properties and magnetic field strength.
3. Current-carrying wires placed in a magnetic field experience forces. These forces can cause straight wires to experience translational forces and loops of wire to rotate.
The magnetic field is weak above the top wire of the current loop because the top and bottom lengths of wire produce magnetic fields in opposite directions (one into the page and one out of the page), which cancel each other out. So at a point directly above the wire, the net magnetic field is small.
This document provides an introduction to magnetism and magnetic fields. Some key points:
- Magnets have north and south poles and magnetic field lines that emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole.
- Magnetic fields are generated by moving electric charges. Current-carrying conductors generate magnetic fields according to the right-hand rule.
- The magnetic force on a charged particle in a magnetic field depends on the charge, velocity, and magnetic field strength.
- Faraday's law of induction states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (emf) in a nearby conductor. This principle is the basis for electric generators and transformers.
This document discusses the history and key concepts of magnetism. Some of the main points covered include:
- The first known magnets were naturally occurring lodestones. Pierre de Maricourt mapped the magnetic field of a lodestone in 1263 and discovered that magnets have north and south poles.
- In the 19th century, scientists such as Faraday, Maxwell, and Henry discovered relationships between electricity and magnetism and that changing magnetic fields can induce currents in conductors.
- All magnets have magnetic dipoles with north and south poles. While electric charges can be isolated, magnetic monopoles have not been observed to exist independently.
1. A magnetic field B is defined in terms of the force FB acting on a charged particle q moving with velocity v through the field.
2. A charged particle moving perpendicular to a uniform B will travel in a circle, with radius r given by qB/mv. The frequency f, angular frequency ω, and period T of circular motion are also defined.
3. A current-carrying wire in a uniform B experiences a sideways force F=BIL, where I is the current and L a vector in the current direction. The force on a current element idL is idLB.
4. A coil in a uniform B feels a torque τ=μxB, where μ is the coil
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Magnetism and Matter,Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipo...Oleepari
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment,magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron,
bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements.
This document provides information about Earth's magnetism and magnetic fields. It explains that Earth's magnetic field is generated by a dynamo effect in the planet's liquid iron core, similar to how a bicycle dynamo works. It also defines key terms related to magnetism, including uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields, magnetic field lines, magnetic poles, dipoles, permeability, and susceptibility. The document discusses how Earth's magnetic field behaves similarly to a bar magnet and protects the planet, while hot temperatures cause metals to lose their magnetic properties.
Lorentz Force Magnetic Force on a moving charge in uniform Electric and Mag...Priyanka Jakhar
1) The document discusses the magnetic force on a moving charge and current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. It defines magnetic force and derives the formulae for force on a charge and conductor.
2) Magnetic force on a moving charge is directly proportional to the charge, velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field, and magnetic field strength. The formula derived is F = qvBsinθ.
3) Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor is directly proportional to the current, length of conductor perpendicular to the magnetic field, and magnetic field strength. The formula is F = ILBsinθ.
It is phenomenon by virtue of which a current produces a magnetic field. A straight current produces a circular magnetic field and a circular current produces a straight magnetic field at the centre of the circular coil.
This document discusses the history and key concepts of magnetism. It summarizes that:
1) William Gilbert discovered magnetism and that Earth itself is a weak magnet. Hans Oersted linked electricity and magnetism, and James Clerk Maxwell proved they are aspects of the same force field.
2) A magnet has two poles (north and south) and magnetic fields can be measured in units of tesla. The magnetic field is strongest along the axis of a bar magnet and weakest at its equator.
3) Earth's magnetic field can be resolved into horizontal and vertical components and causes compasses to align with the magnetic north and south poles, not the geographic poles. Magnetic declination and dip
1. Hans Christian Oersted discovered that electric currents produce magnetic fields. He observed that a current-carrying wire deflected a nearby compass needle. This showed that moving electric charges create magnetic fields.
2. The direction of the magnetic field produced by a current can be determined using the right-hand rule. The force on a moving charge in a magnetic field depends on the charge, velocity, field strength, and their relative directions, as described by the Lorentz force law.
3. Magnetic fields can cause moving charges to travel in circular paths. The radius of the path is determined by the charge, velocity, and magnetic field strength. This explains phenomena like the bending of electron beams in cathode ray tubes
This document discusses electricity and magnetism. It provides information on the fundamental properties of magnets and magnetic fields. Some key points include:
- Magnetism and electricity are two aspects of a single phenomenon related to the motion of electric charges.
- Magnetic fields can be produced by electric currents in wires, as discovered by Oersted in 1820.
- Magnetic induction B is defined based on the force experienced by a moving charge in a magnetic field.
- Materials can be classified as ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic based on their behavior in magnetic fields. Permeability and susceptibility quantify a material's response to magnetic fields.
- Early experiments in magnetism date back to ancient Greeks and Chinese who observed magnetic properties.
- In the 13th century, Pierre de Maricourt discovered magnetic field lines and the existence of magnetic poles.
- In the 1820s, experiments by Faraday, Henry and others established the connection between electricity and magnetism.
- A magnetic field is generated by moving electric charges or magnetic materials. It exerts a force on moving charges perpendicular to both the field and velocity vectors.
- The motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field follows a circular or helical path depending on its orientation to the field.
The document provides a history of magnetism and discoveries about magnetic fields. It discusses:
- Early uses of magnets dating back to 13th century BC by Chinese and Greeks
- Pierre de Maricourt's discovery of magnetic poles in 1269
- Connections made between electricity and magnetism from 1819-1820s
- Every magnet has two poles (north and south) that exert attractive or repulsive forces
- Magnetic field lines can be traced around magnets and charges using compasses or iron filings
- Charged particles experience a force perpendicular to their velocity and the magnetic field
1. The document discusses magnetic methods for groundwater exploration. It covers topics such as the earth's magnetic field, magnetization of materials, magnetic anomalies over simple shapes, and magnetic surveying.
2. Key points include that magnetic surveying measures variations in the magnetic field to locate concentrations of magnetic materials. The magnetic susceptibility of rocks can vary significantly and influences the induced magnetization. Magnetic anomalies provide information on the location, size, and depth of magnetic sources like dykes.
3. Temporal variations in the earth's magnetic field like diurnal and secular changes need to be considered during data acquisition and processing to accurately interpret magnetic survey results.
This document provides an overview and summary of key topics in electromagnetism, including magnetism and magnetic fields. It discusses what produces magnetic fields, defines the magnetic field B, describes magnetic field lines and poles. It also covers the magnetic force on a charged particle and current-carrying wire, motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field including cyclotron acceleration. Torque on a current-carrying coil and the magnetic dipole moment are also summarized. The document provides definitions, diagrams and equations for understanding fundamental concepts of magnetism.
This document discusses magnetism and magnetic fields. It begins by defining magnetism and describing some everyday examples of magnetism. It then discusses applications of magnetism such as electromagnets, motors, and magnetic storage devices. The document also covers the nature and properties of magnetism, including Earth's magnetic field and how it is used in applications like labeling airport runways. Key concepts discussed include the right-hand rules for determining magnetic force and field direction. An example of magnetic force on a current-carrying wire is given for speakers.
1) The Earth behaves like a giant bar magnet with magnetic north and south poles. Its magnetic field is generated by electrical currents in the liquid outer core due to convection of iron and nickel.
2) The magnetic poles do not align with the geographic poles, as the magnetic axis is tilted about 11 degrees from the Earth's rotational axis.
3) The dynamo effect in the outer core sustains the Earth's magnetic field through convection-driven electrical currents that act like a self-exciting dynamo.
1. Magnetic fields exert forces on moving charged particles. The magnitude and direction of this force depends on the charge, velocity, and magnetic field.
2. Charged particles moving through a uniform magnetic field will travel in a circular path perpendicular to the magnetic field. The radius of the circular path depends on the particle's properties and magnetic field strength.
3. Current-carrying wires placed in a magnetic field experience forces. These forces can cause straight wires to experience translational forces and loops of wire to rotate.
The magnetic field is weak above the top wire of the current loop because the top and bottom lengths of wire produce magnetic fields in opposite directions (one into the page and one out of the page), which cancel each other out. So at a point directly above the wire, the net magnetic field is small.
This document provides an introduction to magnetism and magnetic fields. Some key points:
- Magnets have north and south poles and magnetic field lines that emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole.
- Magnetic fields are generated by moving electric charges. Current-carrying conductors generate magnetic fields according to the right-hand rule.
- The magnetic force on a charged particle in a magnetic field depends on the charge, velocity, and magnetic field strength.
- Faraday's law of induction states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (emf) in a nearby conductor. This principle is the basis for electric generators and transformers.
This document discusses the history and key concepts of magnetism. Some of the main points covered include:
- The first known magnets were naturally occurring lodestones. Pierre de Maricourt mapped the magnetic field of a lodestone in 1263 and discovered that magnets have north and south poles.
- In the 19th century, scientists such as Faraday, Maxwell, and Henry discovered relationships between electricity and magnetism and that changing magnetic fields can induce currents in conductors.
- All magnets have magnetic dipoles with north and south poles. While electric charges can be isolated, magnetic monopoles have not been observed to exist independently.
1. A magnetic field B is defined in terms of the force FB acting on a charged particle q moving with velocity v through the field.
2. A charged particle moving perpendicular to a uniform B will travel in a circle, with radius r given by qB/mv. The frequency f, angular frequency ω, and period T of circular motion are also defined.
3. A current-carrying wire in a uniform B experiences a sideways force F=BIL, where I is the current and L a vector in the current direction. The force on a current element idL is idLB.
4. A coil in a uniform B feels a torque τ=μxB, where μ is the coil
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
1. MAGNETISM
1. Bar Magnet and its properties
2. Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and Dipole Moment
3. Current Solenoid equivalent to Bar Magnet
4. Bar Magnet and its Dipole Moment
5. Coulomb’s Law in Magnetism
6. Important Terms in Magnetism
7. Magnetic Field due to a Magnetic Dipole
8. Torque and Work Done on a Magnetic Dipole
9. Terrestrial Magnetism
10.Elements of Earth’s Magnetic Field
11.Tangent Law
12.Properties of Dia-, Para- and Ferro-magnetic substances
13.Curie’s Law in Magnetism
14.Hysteresis in Magnetism
2. Magnetism:
- Phenomenon of attracting magnetic substances like iron, nickel, cobalt, etc.
• A body possessing the property of magnetism is called a magnet.
• A magnetic pole is a point near the end of the magnet where magnetism is
concentrated.
• Earth is a natural magnet.
•The region around a magnet in which it exerts forces on other magnets and
on objects made of iron is a magnetic field.
Properties of a bar magnet:
1. A freely suspended magnet aligns itself along North – South direction.
2. Unlike poles attract and like poles repel each other.
3. Magnetic poles always exist in pairs. i.e. Poles can not be separated.
4. A magnet can induce magnetism in other magnetic substances.
5. It attracts magnetic substances.
Repulsion is the surest test of magnetisation: A magnet attracts iron rod as well
as opposite pole of other magnet. Therefore it is not a sure test of magnetisation.
But, if a rod is repelled with strong force by a magnet, then the rod is surely
magnetised.
3. Representation of Uniform Magnetic Field:
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
Uniform field on the
plane of the diagram
Uniform field
perpendicular & into the
plane of the diagram
Uniform field perpendicular
& emerging out of the plane
of the diagram
Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole & Dipole Moment:
I
B
Magnetic Dipole Moment is
M = I A n
SI unit is A m2.
A
TIP:
When we look at any one side of the loop carrying current, if the current
is in anti-clockwise direction then that side of the loop behaves like
Magnetic North Pole and if the current is in clockwise direction then
that side of the loop behaves like Magnetic South Pole.
4. B
I I
x
x
x
x
x x
x
B
Current Solenoid as a Magnetic Dipole or Bar Magnet:
TIP: Play previous and next to understand the similarity of field lines.
5. Bar Magnet:
S N
P P
Magnetic Length
Geographic Length
M
1. The line joining the poles of the magnet
is called magnetic axis.
2. The distance between the poles of the
magnet is called magnetic length of the
magnet.
Magnetic Dipole & Dipole Moment:
A pair of magnetic poles of equal and opposite strengths separated by a
finite distance is called a magnetic dipole.
The magnitude of dipole moment is the product of the pole strength m and
the separation 2l between the poles.
3. The distance between the ends of the magnet is called the geometrical
length of the magnet.
4. The ratio of magnetic length and geometrical length is nearly 0.84.
Magnetic Dipole Moment is M = m.2l. l
The direction of the dipole moment is from South pole to North Pole
along the axis of the magnet.
SI unit of pole strength is A.m
6. Coulomb’s Law in Magnetism:
The force of attraction or repulsion between two magnetic poles is directly
proportional to the product of their pole strengths and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
m1 m2
r
F α m1 m2
α r2
F =
μ0 m1 m2
4π r2
F =
k m1 m2
r2
or
(where k = μ0 / 4π is a constant and μ0 = 4π x 10-7 T m A-1)
In vector form μ0 m1 m2 r
F =
4π r2
μ0 m1 m2 r
F =
4π r3
7. Magnetic Intensity or Magnetising force (H):
i) Magnetic Intensity at a point is the force experienced by a north pole
of unit pole strength placed at that point due to pole strength of the
given magnet. H = B / μ
ii) It is also defined as the magnetomotive force per unit length.
iii) It can also be defined as the degree or extent to which a magnetic
field can magnetise a substance.
iv) It can also be defined as the force experienced by a unit positive
charge flowing with unit velocity in a direction normal to the
magnetic field.
v) Its SI unit is ampere-turns per linear metre.
vi) Its cgs unit is oersted.
Magnetic Field Strength or Magnetic Field or Magnetic Induction
or Magnetic Flux Density (B):
i) Magnetic Flux Density is the number of magnetic lines of force
passing normally through a unit area of a substance. B = μ H
ii) Its SI unit is weber-m-2 or Tesla (T).
iii) Its cgs unit is gauss. 1 gauss = 10- 4 Tesla
8. Relation between B and H:
B = μ H (where μ is the permeability of the medium)
Magnetic Permeability (μ):
It is the degree or extent to which magnetic lines of force
can pass enter a substance.
Its SI unit is T m A-1 or wb A-1 m-1 or H m-1
Magnetic Flux (Φ):
i) It is defined as the number of magnetic lines of force
passing normally through a surface.
ii) Its SI unit is weber.
Relative Magnetic Permeability (μr):
It is the ratio of magnetic flux density in a material to that in vacuum.
It can also be defined as the ratio of absolute permeability of the material
to that in vacuum.
μr = B / B0 μr = μ / μ0
or
9. Intensity of Magnetisation: (I):
i) It is the degree to which a substance is magnetised when placed in a
magnetic field.
ii) It can also be defined as the magnetic dipole moment (M) acquired per
unit volume of the substance (V).
iii) It can also be defined as the pole strength (m) per unit cross-sectional
area (A) of the substance.
iv) I = M / V
v) I = m(2l) / A(2l) = m / A
vi) SI unit of Intensity of Magnetisation is A m-1.
Magnetic Susceptibility (cm ):
i) It is the property of the substance which shows how easily a substance
can be magnetised.
ii) It can also be defined as the ratio of intensity of magnetisation (I) in a
substance to the magnetic intensity (H) applied to the substance.
iii) cm = I / H Susceptibility has no unit.
Relation between Magnetic Permeability (μr) & Susceptibility (cm ):
μr = 1 + cm
10. Magnetic Field due to a Magnetic Dipole (Bar Magnet):
i) At a point on the axial line of the magnet:
O
S N
l
l
x
BN
BS
BS
BN
BQ
y
Q
θ
θ
θ
θ
BQ=
μ0 M
4π (y2 + l2)3/2
ii) At a point on the equatorial line
of the magnet:
BP =
μ0 2 M x
4π (x2 – l2)2
If l << x, then
If l << y, then
BP ≈
μ0 2 M
4π x3
BP ≈
μ0 M
4π y3
P
BP = BN - BS
M
Magnetic Field at a point on the axial line acts
along the dipole moment vector.
Magnetic Field at a point on the equatorial line
acts opposite to the dipole moment vector.
11. B
Torque on a Magnetic Dipole (Bar Magnet) in Uniform Magnetic Field:
The forces of magnitude mB act
opposite to each other and
hence net force acting on the bar
magnet due to external uniform
magnetic field is zero. So, there
is no translational motion of the
magnet.
θ
However the forces are along
different lines of action and
constitute a couple. Hence the
magnet will rotate and experience
torque.
t
B
M
Torque = Magnetic Force x dist ance
θ
2l
t = mB (2l sin θ)
= M B sin θ
t = M x B
Direction of Torque is perpendicular and into the plane containing M and B.
mB
mB
N
S
B
12. Work done on a Magnetic Dipole (Bar Magnet) in Uniform Magnetic
Field:
mB
mB
dθ
θ1
θ2
dW = τdθ
= M B sin θ dθ
W = ∫ M B sin θ dθ
W = M B (cosθ1 - cos θ2)
θ1
θ2
If Potential Energy is arbitrarily taken zero when the dipole is at 90°,
then P.E in rotating the dipole and inclining it at an angle θ is
Potential Energy = - M B cos θ
B
mB
mB
Note:
Potential Energy can be taken zero arbitrarily at any position of the
dipole.
13. Terrestrial Magnetism:
i) Geographic Axis is a straight line passing through the
geographical poles of the earth. It is the axis of rotation of the
earth. It is also known as polar axis.
ii) Geographic Meridian at any place is a vertical plane passing
through the geographic north and south poles of the earth.
iii) Geographic Equator is a great circle on the surface of the earth, in
a plane perpendicular to the geographic axis. All the points on the
geographic equator are at equal distances from the geographic
poles.
iv) Magnetic Axis is a straight line passing through the magnetic
poles of the earth. It is inclined to Geographic Axis nearly at an
angle of 17°.
v) Magnetic Meridian at any place is a vertical plane passing through
the magnetic north and south poles of the earth.
vi) Magnetic Equator is a great circle on the surface of the earth, in a
plane perpendicular to the magnetic axis. All the points on the
magnetic equator are at equal distances from the magnetic poles.
14. Declination (θ):
θ
δ
BV
BH
B
Magnetic Meridian
Geographic
Meridian
The angle between the magnetic meridian and
the geographic meridian at a place is Declination
at that place.
It varies from place to place.
Lines shown on the map through the places that
have the same declination are called isogonic
line.
Line drawn through places that have zero
declination is called an agonic line.
Dip or Inclination (δ):
The angle between the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field and
the earth’s resultant magnetic field at a place is Dip or Inclination at that
place.
It is zero at the equator and 90° at the poles.
Lines drawn up on a map through places that have the same dip are called
isoclinic lines.
The line drawn through places that have zero dip is known as an aclinic line.
It is the magnetic equator.
15. N
Horizontal Component of Earth’s Magnetic Field (BH ):
The total intensity of the earth’s magnetic field does not lie in any
horizontal plane. Instead, it lies along the direction at an angle of dip (δ)
to the horizontal. The component of the earth’s magnetic field along the
horizontal at an angle δ is called Horizontal Component of Earth’s
Magnetic Field.
BH = B cos δ
Similarly Vertical Component is BV = B sin δ
such that B = √ BH
2 + BV
2
Tangent Law:
If a magnetic needle is suspended in a region
where two uniform magnetic fields are
perpendicular to each other, the needle will
align itself along the direction of the resultant
field of the two fields at an angle θ such that
the tangent of the angle is the ratio of the two
fields.
θ
B2 B
B1
tan θ = B2 / B1
16. Comparison of Dia, Para and Ferro Magnetic materials:
DIA PARA FERRO
1. Diamagnetic
substances are those
substances which are
feebly repelled by a
magnet.
Eg. Antimony, Bismuth,
Copper, Gold, Silver,
Quartz, Mercury, Alcohol,
water, Hydrogen, Air,
Argon, etc.
Paramagnetic substances
are those substances
which are feebly attracted
by a magnet.
Eg. Aluminium, Chromium,
Alkali and Alkaline earth
metals, Platinum, Oxygen,
etc.
Ferromagnetic substances
are those substances
which are strongly
attracted by a magnet.
Eg. Iron, Cobalt, Nickel,
Gadolinium, Dysprosium,
etc.
2. When placed in
magnetic field, the lines of
force tend to avoid the
substance.
The lines of force prefer to
pass through the
substance rather than air.
The lines of force tend to
crowd into the specimen.
N S
S N S N
17. 2. When placed in non-
uniform magnetic field, it
moves from stronger to
weaker field (feeble
repulsion).
When placed in non-
uniform magnetic field, it
moves from weaker to
stronger field (feeble
attraction).
When placed in non-
uniform magnetic field, it
moves from weaker to
stronger field (strong
attraction).
3. When a diamagnetic
rod is freely suspended in
a uniform magnetic field, it
aligns itself in a direction
perpendicular to the field.
When a paramagnetic rod
is freely suspended in a
uniform magnetic field, it
aligns itself in a direction
parallel to the field.
When a paramagnetic rod
is freely suspended in a
uniform magnetic field, it
aligns itself in a direction
parallel to the field very
quickly.
S
N S
N S
N
18. 4. If diamagnetic liquid
taken in a watch glass is
placed in uniform
magnetic field, it collects
away from the centre
when the magnetic poles
are closer and collects at
the centre when the
magnetic poles are
farther.
If paramagnetic liquid
taken in a watch glass is
placed in uniform
magnetic field, it collects
at the centre when the
magnetic poles are closer
and collects away from
the centre when the
magnetic poles are
farther.
If ferromagnetic liquid
taken in a watch glass is
placed in uniform
magnetic field, it collects
at the centre when the
magnetic poles are closer
and collects away from
the centre when the
magnetic poles are
farther.
19. 5. When a diamagnetic
substance is placed in a
magnetic field, it is
weakly magnetised in the
direction opposite to the
inducing field.
When a paramagnetic
substance is placed in a
magnetic field, it is
weakly magnetised in the
direction of the inducing
field.
When a ferromagnetic
substance is placed in a
magnetic field, it is
strongly magnetised in
the direction of the
inducing field.
6. Induced Dipole
Moment (M) is a small
– ve value.
Induced Dipole Moment
(M) is a small + ve value.
Induced Dipole Moment
(M) is a large + ve value.
8. Magnetic permeability
μ is always less than
unity.
Magnetic permeability μ
is more than unity.
Magnetic permeability μ
is large i.e. much more
than unity.
7. Intensity of
Magnetisation (I) has a
small – ve value.
Intensity of Magnetisation
(I) has a small + ve value.
Intensity of Magnetisation
(I) has a large + ve value.
20. 9. Magnetic susceptibility
cm has a small – ve value.
Magnetic susceptibility cm
has a small + ve value.
Magnetic susceptibility cm
has a large + ve value.
10. They do not obey
Curie’s Law. i.e. their
properties do not change
with temperature.
They obey Curie’s Law.
They lose their magnetic
properties with rise in
temperature.
They obey Curie’s Law. At
a certain temperature
called Curie Point, they
lose ferromagnetic
properties and behave
like paramagnetic
substances.
Curie’s Law:
Magnetic susceptibility of a material varies inversely
with the absolute temperature.
I α H / T or I / H α 1 / T
cm α 1 / T
cm = C / T (where C is Curie constant)
Curie temperature for iron is 1000 K, for cobalt 1400 K
and for nickel 600 K.
I
H / T
21. I
H
Hysteresis Loop or Magnetisation Curve:
O
A
B
C
D
E
F
Intensity of Magnetisation (I) increases with increase
in Magnetising Force (H) initially through OA and
reaches saturation at A.
When H is decreased, I decreases but it does not
come to zero at H = 0.
The residual magnetism (I) set up in the material
represented by OB is called Retentivity.
To bring I to zero (to demagnetise completely),
opposite (negative) magnetising force is applied.
This magetising force represented by OC is called
coercivity.
After reaching the saturation level D, when the
magnetising force is reversed, the curve closes to
the point A completing a cycle.
The loop ABCDEFA is called Hysteresis Loop.
The area of the loop gives the loss of energy due to
the cycle of magnetisation and demagnetisation and
is dissipated in the form of heat.
The material (like iron) having thin loop is used for
making temporary magnets and that with thick loop
(like steel) is used for permanent magnets. Animating Hysteresis Loop:
Courtesy - Website
End of Magnetism