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1. Understanding Data in Research
Exploring the Definition and Categories of Data

2. What is Data?
Observations and Measurements
• Data are collected observations or measurements.
• They can be represented as text, numbers, or multimedia.
• Data can include field notes, videos, audio recordings,
photographs, documents, and transcripts.
• The concept of data varies depending on the area of research.
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3. Types of Data
Qualitative and Quantitative
• Data can be broadly categorized as qualitative or quantitative.
• Quantitative data can be expressed as numbers and counted or
compared on a numerical scale.
• Examples include survey rating scales, observed temperatures,
measurements, and word counts.
• Qualitative data include textual descriptions, maps, pictures,
and transcripts.
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4. Data vs. Statistics
Analysis and Interpretation
• Data and statistics are not the same.
• Statistics are the result of data analysis and interpretation.
• Data analysis helps identify patterns, trends, and offer
solutions to complex problems.
• Interpreting data aids in better understanding scientific
phenomena.
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5. The Power of Data
Aids in Understanding the World
• Data are powerful tools in our attempt to understand the
world.
• They provide valuable insights and support research
endeavors.
• Accessing, finding, and utilizing data are important skills.
• Visit the university library for resources on finding and using
data.
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