2. Objectives
Overview of Data and Information
Difference between Data and Information
Types of data
Data Strategies
3. Data
Data
• Data are raw facts and
figures that on their own
have no meaning
• These can be any
alphanumeric characters
i.e. text, numbers,
symbols
4. Data Examples
• Yes, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes
• 42, 63, 96, 74, 56, 86
• 111192, 111234
• None of the above data sets have any
meaning until they are given a CONTEXT and
PROCESSED into a useable form
5. Data Into Information
• To achieve its aims the organisation will
need to process data into information.
• Data needs to be turned into meaningful
information and presented in its most
useful format
• Data must be processed in a context in
order to give it meaning
6. Information
• Data that has been processed within a
context to give it meaning
OR
• Data that has been processed into a form
that gives it meaning
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11. Data and Information
• While data is raw and unorganized,
information is organized.
• Data points are individual and sometimes
unrelated. Information maps out that data to
provide a big-picture view of how it all fits
together.
• Data, on its own, is meaningless.1
12. what is data?
• Data is a collection of details or data
remaining in the form of either figures texts,
symbols, descriptions, or mere observations of
entities meaningful information.
13. Data Information
Description
Qualitative/ Quantitative variables that
present themselves with the potential to
be developed into ideas or analytical
conclusions.
Data that is structured and collated to further its
meaning and contextual usefulness.
Format
Data follows the form of either letters,
numbers or characters.
Information follows the format of either ideas or
references
Representation
Data is structured either in graphs, data
trees, flowcharts, or tables.
Information is represented as ideas, thoughts, and
languages after collating the data acquired.
Meaning
Data doesn’t serve any purpose unless
given to.
Data when interpreted and assigned with some
meaning derived out of it, gives information.
Interrelation Data is information collected Information is data processed
Features
Data is raw and doesn’t contain any
meaning unless analyzed.
Information is data collated and produced to
further a logical meaning.
Interdependence Data doesn’t depend on information. Information can’t exist without data.
Unit Data is measured in bits and bytes.
Information if mostly measured in units like
quantity, time et al.
Use Case for Decision Making
Data alone doesn’t pertain to the qualities
to help derive decisions.
The information contains analytical coherence to
help derive a decision.
Use Case for Researchers
Data acquired by researchers might
become useless if they have no analytical
inferences to make.
Information adds value and usefulness to
researchers since they are readily available.
14. Types of Data
• There are two types of data
1. quantitative
2. qualitative
Mixed Data
The term mixed refers to the use of both
quantitative and qualitative variables.
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16. Data Strategies
• A data strategy is a long-term plan that defines
the technology, processes, people, and rules
required to manage an organization's
information assets.
• All types of businesses collect large amounts
of raw data today.
• Data strategy refers to the tools, processes, and
rules that define how to manage, analyze, and
act upon business data.
