The document provides an overview of fired heater fundamentals, including their process functions, descriptions, and heat transfer basics. It discusses various heater designs, primarily focusing on vertical cylindrical heaters and their components such as radiation and convection sections. Additionally, it highlights safety concerns, costs, and the importance of heaters in industrial processes.

1. FH/1-1
Fired Heater Fundamentals

2. FH/1-2
Section Outline
 Introduction
 Process Function
 Description of Heater
 Terminology of Heater
 Heat Transfer Basics

3. FH/1-3
Introduction
 Safety Concerns
 Heaters are Expensive
 Lack of Understanding
 Desire to Increase Capacity

4. FH/1-4
Process Function
 Heaters Upstream of Reactors
 Heaters Used for Fractionation
 Black Oil Cracking Heaters
 Miscellaneous Specialty Heaters

5. FH/1-5
Description of Heater
 Large heat exchanger
 Energy for transfer comes from combustion of fuel
 Radiation heat transfer plays significant role
 Many variations of arrangements
– Single and double fired
– Top and bottom supported tubes
– Vertical and horizontal radiant tubes
– Vertical Cylindrical is most common

6. FH/1-6
Typical Heater
HTR-R00-1
IRP-R01-220
Stack
Damper
Arch
Convention Tubes
Shock Bank
Radiant Tubes
Refractory Lining
Firebox
Burners

7. FH/1-7
Vertical Cylindrical Heater - Side View
HTR-R00-2
Burner
Tube Circle
Diameter
I.D.
Shell Dia.
Stack
Damper
Damper DGC (Draft Gage Conn.)
Tube Sheet
Convection Section
Bridgewall Temperature
Cross Over Tube
Tube Guides
Refractory
Peep Door
Snuffing Steam
Peep Doors
Cast Burner
Block
TI
Sample Connection
Inlet from Process
Tube Pulling Door
Actual
Radiant
Tube
Length
Radiant Section
Heating Tube
Outlet
Access Door
Arch

8. FH/1-8
Vertical Cylindrical Heater
Breeching
End Tube
Convection Section
Header Box
Drain
Snuffing
Steam
Inlet from
Convection
Burner Circle Diameter
Burners
Peep Door
Access Door
Inlet from Process
Header Box
Outlet to
Radiant Section
Outlet to Process
HTR-R00-3
Radiant Section

9. FH/1-9
Vertical Cylindrical Heater
 Most Common Heater
 Least Cost
 Smallest Plot
 Easy to Construct
 Good for small duties
 Maximum process duty is
170 MM Btu/h

10. FH/1-10
Vertical Cylindrical Heater
 New 2003 Design
 Large convection bank for
good fuel efficiency

11. FH/1-11
Vertical Cylindrical Heater
 Radiant Section Panels
Modules Joined
 Coil lifted in place
 Convection section placed
on top

12. FH/1-12
Description of Heaters
 Radiant Section
 Convection Section
 Refractory
 Burners
 Stack

13. FH/1-13
Heat Transfer Basics
 Radiation
 Convection
 Conduction

14. FH/1-14
Heat Transfer Basics - Radiation
 Transfer of heat by direct waves
 Direct from heat source or reradiated from
reflecting surface
 Driving force is difference in absolute temperature
to 4th power
Q  T4
hot - T4
cold

15. FH/1-15
Heat Transfer Basics - Convection
 Heat transfer by flow of liquid or vapor
 Contact required
 Driving force is temperature difference
Q = h A (Thot - Tcold)
 Depends on fluid properties and geometry

16. FH/1-16
Heat Transfer Basics - Conduction
 Heat transfer within a substance
 Depends on thermal conductivity of material
 Driving force is temperature difference
Q
k
L
A T T
hot cold
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