4.3 heart lunch machine module 4 (2)
•
0 likes•24 views
The heart-lung machine takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during open-heart surgery, allowing the heart to be stopped so that surgeons can operate in a blood-free environment. It was first created in the 1930s and improved upon in the 1950s. The current method involves pumping blood out of the body to an oxygenator before returning it, mimicking the circulatory process. This allows for safer surgery but also has limitations like potential brain damage, though future improvements may address these issues.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
History of cardiopulmonary bypass
The first successful open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass was performed by Dr. Clarence Dennis in 1951 in Minnesota using open cardiotomy and bypass on dogs. The first on a human was by Dr. John Gibbon in 1953 in Philadelphia to correct an atrial septal defect. In 1954, the only place performing open heart surgery was the University of Minnesota using cross-circulation techniques. By 1955-1956, two centers performed open heart surgery - the University of Minnesota and the Mayo Clinic, with the Mayo Clinic using Gibbon's screen oxygenator and the University of Minnesota using DeWall's simpler, disposable bubble oxygenator.
Principles & evolution of cpb
CPB was developed to facilitate open heart surgery by diverting blood from the heart and providing oxygenated blood flow, allowing for a motionless and bloodless surgical field. Early innovations included experiments with external perfusion in animals in the 1800s. The first successful human open heart surgery using surface cooling was performed in 1952. Further developments led to the use of heart-lung machines and controlled cross-circulation techniques in the 1950s. While initial experiences had complications, advances in oxygenators, pumps, circuits and management of coagulation and inflammation improved outcomes and established CPB as essential for cardiac surgery.
Thesis for research on automation of heart-lung machine
This document describes the development of an autopilot system for the heart-lung machine. The autopilot aims to automate monitoring of the venous reservoir level and control of the arterial pump. It implements a strain gage to continuously weigh the reservoir and uses a digital-to-analog converter to control the pump speed based on the measured reservoir level. If successful, this system could provide improved safety through automation and serve as a prototype for a fully automated commercial heart-lung machine.
INTRA AORTIC BALLON PUMP (IABP)
1) Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) provides systolic unloading and diastolic augmentation to improve cardiac output.
2) IABP is indicated for cardiogenic shock, high-risk PCI/CABG, and mechanical complications.
3) Potential complications include limb ischemia, infection, bleeding, and aortic injury.
4) Optimal IABP waveform analysis and timing are important to maximize hemodynamic support.
Coronary Circulation
The document discusses coronary circulation and the arteries that supply blood to the heart. It notes that there are two main coronary arteries - the right and left coronary arteries. The right coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle, right atrium, conducting system, and parts of the left ventricle and atrium. The left coronary artery supplies most of the left ventricle and atrium as well as parts of the interventricular septum. It also notes that the atrioventricular node is usually supplied by the right coronary artery.
Basic ap chapter 20 powerpoint 2017
This document summarizes the key components of the cardiovascular system, including different types of blood vessels and how blood flows through the body. It discusses arteries, veins, capillaries, and how they differ. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure, while veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart at low pressure. Capillaries allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste. Blood pressure, flow, and the factors that influence them are also explained.
Heart Lung Mechine
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the heart-lung machine. The heart-lung machine is used during open heart surgery to oxygenate blood and pump it through the body while the heart is stopped. It consists of pumps, an oxygenator, and a heat exchanger to circulate and oxygenate blood before returning it to the body. The first successful use in a human was in 1953. Automation of the heart-lung machine is needed to more precisely monitor pressures and detect faults to ensure patient safety during surgery.
Chapter 5 cardiovascular system
This document discusses three therapeutic cardiovascular procedures:
1) Extracorporeal circulation is used during open-heart surgery to sustain blood circulation and lung function outside the body using a heart-lung machine for up to six hours.
2) Ligation and stripping is a minor surgery to remove damaged veins, where an incision is made to grasp and remove the vein by tying it off and stripping it out.
3) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) treats localized coronary artery narrowing by inserting a catheter into the blocked artery and inflating a balloon to compress fatty tissue and open the artery to improve blood flow.
Recommended
History of cardiopulmonary bypass
The first successful open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass was performed by Dr. Clarence Dennis in 1951 in Minnesota using open cardiotomy and bypass on dogs. The first on a human was by Dr. John Gibbon in 1953 in Philadelphia to correct an atrial septal defect. In 1954, the only place performing open heart surgery was the University of Minnesota using cross-circulation techniques. By 1955-1956, two centers performed open heart surgery - the University of Minnesota and the Mayo Clinic, with the Mayo Clinic using Gibbon's screen oxygenator and the University of Minnesota using DeWall's simpler, disposable bubble oxygenator.
Principles & evolution of cpb
CPB was developed to facilitate open heart surgery by diverting blood from the heart and providing oxygenated blood flow, allowing for a motionless and bloodless surgical field. Early innovations included experiments with external perfusion in animals in the 1800s. The first successful human open heart surgery using surface cooling was performed in 1952. Further developments led to the use of heart-lung machines and controlled cross-circulation techniques in the 1950s. While initial experiences had complications, advances in oxygenators, pumps, circuits and management of coagulation and inflammation improved outcomes and established CPB as essential for cardiac surgery.
Thesis for research on automation of heart-lung machine
This document describes the development of an autopilot system for the heart-lung machine. The autopilot aims to automate monitoring of the venous reservoir level and control of the arterial pump. It implements a strain gage to continuously weigh the reservoir and uses a digital-to-analog converter to control the pump speed based on the measured reservoir level. If successful, this system could provide improved safety through automation and serve as a prototype for a fully automated commercial heart-lung machine.
INTRA AORTIC BALLON PUMP (IABP)
1) Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) provides systolic unloading and diastolic augmentation to improve cardiac output.
2) IABP is indicated for cardiogenic shock, high-risk PCI/CABG, and mechanical complications.
3) Potential complications include limb ischemia, infection, bleeding, and aortic injury.
4) Optimal IABP waveform analysis and timing are important to maximize hemodynamic support.
Coronary Circulation
The document discusses coronary circulation and the arteries that supply blood to the heart. It notes that there are two main coronary arteries - the right and left coronary arteries. The right coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle, right atrium, conducting system, and parts of the left ventricle and atrium. The left coronary artery supplies most of the left ventricle and atrium as well as parts of the interventricular septum. It also notes that the atrioventricular node is usually supplied by the right coronary artery.
Basic ap chapter 20 powerpoint 2017
This document summarizes the key components of the cardiovascular system, including different types of blood vessels and how blood flows through the body. It discusses arteries, veins, capillaries, and how they differ. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure, while veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart at low pressure. Capillaries allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste. Blood pressure, flow, and the factors that influence them are also explained.
Heart Lung Mechine
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the heart-lung machine. The heart-lung machine is used during open heart surgery to oxygenate blood and pump it through the body while the heart is stopped. It consists of pumps, an oxygenator, and a heat exchanger to circulate and oxygenate blood before returning it to the body. The first successful use in a human was in 1953. Automation of the heart-lung machine is needed to more precisely monitor pressures and detect faults to ensure patient safety during surgery.
Chapter 5 cardiovascular system
This document discusses three therapeutic cardiovascular procedures:
1) Extracorporeal circulation is used during open-heart surgery to sustain blood circulation and lung function outside the body using a heart-lung machine for up to six hours.
2) Ligation and stripping is a minor surgery to remove damaged veins, where an incision is made to grasp and remove the vein by tying it off and stripping it out.
3) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) treats localized coronary artery narrowing by inserting a catheter into the blocked artery and inflating a balloon to compress fatty tissue and open the artery to improve blood flow.
Basic ap chapter 19 powerpoint 2017
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and the heart. It describes the heart as a muscular pump located in the chest cavity that circulates blood through two circuits - the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The heart has four chambers, valves to ensure one-way blood flow, and a conduction system to coordinate contractions. It discusses the cardiac cycle, heart sounds, cardiac output, and factors that influence pumping like preload and afterload. An electrocardiogram is described as a tool to monitor the heart's electrical activity.
IABP
The document provides information about intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP). It discusses that IABPs were first described in 1958 and have since improved. IABPs provide temporary left ventricular support by displacing blood in the aorta. They work by inflating in diastole and deflating before systole to increase cardiac output and coronary perfusion pressure while decreasing workload. IABPs are used for cardiac failure, unstable angina, postoperative complications, and as a bridge to transplantation. Complications include limb ischemia, bleeding, thrombosis, and infection.
Heart lung machine also referred to as extracorporeal circulation...
The heart lung machine, also known as cardiopulmonary bypass, temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery by pumping and oxygenating blood outside of the body. It allows surgeons to operate on a still, non-beating heart. The machine filters, warms or cools, oxygenates, and pumps blood back into the body through cannulas while the heart is stopped. It is commonly used for coronary artery bypass surgery, heart valve repair/replacement, and repair of congenital heart defects. Potential complications include hemolysis, clotting in the circuit, air embolism, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Blood pumps
This document discusses blood pumps used during heart surgery. It describes the ideal properties of a blood pump, such as being able to pump large volumes of blood at low velocities while having smooth surfaces. It then covers the most common types of blood pumps, including centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. The two most commonly used today are the roller pump and centrifugal pump, with each having advantages and disadvantages. The document also discusses pulsatile versus non-pulsatile blood flow.
Intra Aortic Balloon Pump
The document summarizes the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), which helps increase blood flow and reduce strain on the heart. The IABP is a catheter inserted into the aorta that inflates and deflates in sync with the heart to improve hemodynamics. It inflates during diastole to displace blood and reduce afterload, and deflates during systole to lower pressure demands on the heart. Proper timing is critical for the IABP to be effective. It can be used for conditions like cardiogenic shock or as a bridge to other treatments.
Coronary circulation
The coronary circulation supplies blood to the heart muscle. It consists of an arterial supply from the right and left coronary arteries, which branch off the aorta. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle as well as parts of the left ventricle and septum. The left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle as well as parts of the right ventricle and septum. Venous drainage occurs through the coronary sinus and smaller cardiac veins that drain directly into the atria or cavities of the heart. Obstructions of the coronary arteries can cause myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, while coronary angioplasty techniques are used to treat arterial narrowing and blockages.
Anaesthesia for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery [autosaved]
This document discusses cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which involves diverting blood away from the heart and through an external circuit that oxygenates the blood and returns it to the body. CPB allows surgery to be performed on an unbeating heart while still providing circulation. The key components of a CPB machine and roles of the perfusionist in managing it are described. Steps in CPB like priming, hypothermia, myocardial preservation via cardioplegia, and monitoring techniques are summarized.
Pulmonary circulation
1. The pulmonary circulation receives the entire cardiac output from the right ventricle and has low pressure and resistance to accommodate large blood flow.
2. Pulmonary arteries are thin-walled and distensible to accommodate stroke volume, while capillaries are dense with anastomoses and veins act as reservoirs.
3. Pulmonary circulation acts as a filter to trap emboli and prevent them from reaching systemic circulation. Gas exchange occurs efficiently in the pulmonary capillaries through which blood passes in about 0.8 seconds.
IABP- intra Aortic Balloon Pump
This document discusses the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), including its history, principles of function, indications, anatomy, techniques of insertion and removal, and key contributors. The IABP provides temporary left ventricular support by mechanically displacing blood within the aorta. It was first developed in the 1950s and used successfully in 1967. The document outlines the physiology effects of IABP therapy in increasing myocardial oxygen supply and decreasing demand. Common indications for IABP include cardiogenic shock and high-risk coronary interventions. The document reviews IABP device components, insertion techniques, optimal catheter positioning, and complications.
PULMONARY CIRCULATION PHYSIOLOGY
The document summarizes the pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood is oxygenated and carried by the pulmonary veins back to the left atrium. The bronchial artery supplies oxygenated blood to other lung structures. There is also a small physiological shunt where some deoxygenated blood from the bronchial circulation mixes with oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins without being oxygenated.
Principles Of Intra Aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation
The document discusses the principles of intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. It provides a brief history of IABP development and use. It describes the hemodynamic effects of IABP including reducing systolic pressure and increasing diastolic pressure in the aorta and left ventricle. It lists common indications and contraindications for IABP use as well as potential complications. It also outlines the technique for IABP insertion and operation.
Ventricular Assist Device by Dr Akshay Deshmukh
Historical Perspective
Implant Strategies
Biological Concepts
Engineering Concepts
Generations Of Devices
Patient Selection
Device Selection
Indications
Surgical Techniques for Durable LVAD
Post op Management and Anticoagulation
Complications
Landmark Studies
IABP
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is an important supportive tool to the failing heart as a bridge to tide over a temporary crisis.
Heart lung by pass unit
1. The document discusses heart-lung bypass units, which provide temporary circulation, oxygenation, and blood filtration during cardiac surgery such as bypass grafting or valve replacement.
2. It describes the components of a typical heart-lung bypass unit including oxygenators, pumps, filters, heat exchangers, and monitoring equipment. Roller pumps and centrifugal pumps are discussed.
3. Safety features are highlighted such as bubble detectors, level detectors, and backup systems to ensure continuous blood flow and oxygenation in case of equipment issues.
Intra Aortic Balloon Pump by Rubina Shehzadi RN
An intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a type of therapeutic device which helps heart to pump more blood. You may need it if your heart is unable to pump enough blood for your body. The IABP consists of a thin, flexible tube called a catheter. Attached to the tip of the catheter is a long balloon.
Coronary circulation
The coronary circulation supplies blood to the heart muscle. There are two main coronary arteries - the left and right coronary arteries - that originate from the aorta and branch throughout the heart muscle. The left coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart while the right coronary artery supplies the right side. These arteries branch into smaller arterioles and capillaries to deliver oxygenated blood before draining into coronary veins that remove deoxygenated blood, mostly through the coronary sinus, and return it to the right atrium.
HEART LUNG MACHINE
A medical equipment that provides Cardiopulmonary bypass, (temporary mechanical circulatory support) to the stationary heart and lungs)
Heart and Lungs are made “functionless temporarily” , in order to perform surgeries
CABG
Valve repair
Aneurysm
Septal Defects
CARDIO PULMONARYBYPASS BLOOD PUMPS DR NIKUNJ R SHEKHADA (MBBS,MSGEN SURG ,DN...
The document discusses different types of blood pumps used in cardiopulmonary bypass, including their characteristics and clinical uses. It describes displacement pumps like roller pumps and rotary pumps like centrifugal pumps. Roller pumps can be occlusive or non-occlusive, and use tubing that must be carefully selected. Centrifugal pumps work on centrifugal force and generate less blood damage than roller pumps but require flow meters. Both pump types are generally safe for cardiopulmonary bypass under 6 hours, though centrifugal pumps may be preferable for longer support. Emerging pump designs like the diagonal pump aim to combine advantages of different pump types.
CABG on CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
1) Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is performed to improve quality of life and reduce mortality for patients with coronary artery disease.
2) Anesthesia for CABG involves monitoring the patient throughout various stages including pre-bypass, maintenance on bypass, and weaning from bypass.
3) Key aspects include induction, myocardial protection through hypothermia and cardioplegia, and monitoring the patient closely during and after coming off bypass.
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Cardiovascular / Respiratory sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Cardio
10735108.ppt
A medical equipment that provides Cardiopulmonary bypass, (temporary mechanical circulatory support) to the stationary heart and lungs)
Heart and Lungs are made “functionless temporarily” , in order to perform surgeries
CABG
CARDIO-PULMONARY BYPASS
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery by circulating and oxygenating the blood. It allows correction of cardiac defects that were previously not surgically treatable. The basic CPB circuit involves draining blood from the veins into an oxygenator and reservoir before pumping it back into the arteries. Key components include cannulas, a pump, oxygenator, heat exchanger, and cardioplegia delivery system. CPB requires anticoagulation and precise monitoring to safely divert blood flow around the heart while surgical repairs are made before returning the patient to full cardiac function. Complications can include bleeding, infection, organ dysfunction, and neurological issues. Advances like centrifugal pumps
More Related Content
What's hot
Basic ap chapter 19 powerpoint 2017
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and the heart. It describes the heart as a muscular pump located in the chest cavity that circulates blood through two circuits - the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The heart has four chambers, valves to ensure one-way blood flow, and a conduction system to coordinate contractions. It discusses the cardiac cycle, heart sounds, cardiac output, and factors that influence pumping like preload and afterload. An electrocardiogram is described as a tool to monitor the heart's electrical activity.
IABP
The document provides information about intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP). It discusses that IABPs were first described in 1958 and have since improved. IABPs provide temporary left ventricular support by displacing blood in the aorta. They work by inflating in diastole and deflating before systole to increase cardiac output and coronary perfusion pressure while decreasing workload. IABPs are used for cardiac failure, unstable angina, postoperative complications, and as a bridge to transplantation. Complications include limb ischemia, bleeding, thrombosis, and infection.
Heart lung machine also referred to as extracorporeal circulation...
The heart lung machine, also known as cardiopulmonary bypass, temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery by pumping and oxygenating blood outside of the body. It allows surgeons to operate on a still, non-beating heart. The machine filters, warms or cools, oxygenates, and pumps blood back into the body through cannulas while the heart is stopped. It is commonly used for coronary artery bypass surgery, heart valve repair/replacement, and repair of congenital heart defects. Potential complications include hemolysis, clotting in the circuit, air embolism, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Blood pumps
This document discusses blood pumps used during heart surgery. It describes the ideal properties of a blood pump, such as being able to pump large volumes of blood at low velocities while having smooth surfaces. It then covers the most common types of blood pumps, including centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. The two most commonly used today are the roller pump and centrifugal pump, with each having advantages and disadvantages. The document also discusses pulsatile versus non-pulsatile blood flow.
Intra Aortic Balloon Pump
The document summarizes the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), which helps increase blood flow and reduce strain on the heart. The IABP is a catheter inserted into the aorta that inflates and deflates in sync with the heart to improve hemodynamics. It inflates during diastole to displace blood and reduce afterload, and deflates during systole to lower pressure demands on the heart. Proper timing is critical for the IABP to be effective. It can be used for conditions like cardiogenic shock or as a bridge to other treatments.
Coronary circulation
The coronary circulation supplies blood to the heart muscle. It consists of an arterial supply from the right and left coronary arteries, which branch off the aorta. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle as well as parts of the left ventricle and septum. The left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle as well as parts of the right ventricle and septum. Venous drainage occurs through the coronary sinus and smaller cardiac veins that drain directly into the atria or cavities of the heart. Obstructions of the coronary arteries can cause myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, while coronary angioplasty techniques are used to treat arterial narrowing and blockages.
Anaesthesia for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery [autosaved]
This document discusses cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which involves diverting blood away from the heart and through an external circuit that oxygenates the blood and returns it to the body. CPB allows surgery to be performed on an unbeating heart while still providing circulation. The key components of a CPB machine and roles of the perfusionist in managing it are described. Steps in CPB like priming, hypothermia, myocardial preservation via cardioplegia, and monitoring techniques are summarized.
Pulmonary circulation
1. The pulmonary circulation receives the entire cardiac output from the right ventricle and has low pressure and resistance to accommodate large blood flow.
2. Pulmonary arteries are thin-walled and distensible to accommodate stroke volume, while capillaries are dense with anastomoses and veins act as reservoirs.
3. Pulmonary circulation acts as a filter to trap emboli and prevent them from reaching systemic circulation. Gas exchange occurs efficiently in the pulmonary capillaries through which blood passes in about 0.8 seconds.
IABP- intra Aortic Balloon Pump
This document discusses the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), including its history, principles of function, indications, anatomy, techniques of insertion and removal, and key contributors. The IABP provides temporary left ventricular support by mechanically displacing blood within the aorta. It was first developed in the 1950s and used successfully in 1967. The document outlines the physiology effects of IABP therapy in increasing myocardial oxygen supply and decreasing demand. Common indications for IABP include cardiogenic shock and high-risk coronary interventions. The document reviews IABP device components, insertion techniques, optimal catheter positioning, and complications.
PULMONARY CIRCULATION PHYSIOLOGY
The document summarizes the pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood is oxygenated and carried by the pulmonary veins back to the left atrium. The bronchial artery supplies oxygenated blood to other lung structures. There is also a small physiological shunt where some deoxygenated blood from the bronchial circulation mixes with oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins without being oxygenated.
Principles Of Intra Aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation
The document discusses the principles of intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. It provides a brief history of IABP development and use. It describes the hemodynamic effects of IABP including reducing systolic pressure and increasing diastolic pressure in the aorta and left ventricle. It lists common indications and contraindications for IABP use as well as potential complications. It also outlines the technique for IABP insertion and operation.
Ventricular Assist Device by Dr Akshay Deshmukh
Historical Perspective
Implant Strategies
Biological Concepts
Engineering Concepts
Generations Of Devices
Patient Selection
Device Selection
Indications
Surgical Techniques for Durable LVAD
Post op Management and Anticoagulation
Complications
Landmark Studies
IABP
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is an important supportive tool to the failing heart as a bridge to tide over a temporary crisis.
Heart lung by pass unit
1. The document discusses heart-lung bypass units, which provide temporary circulation, oxygenation, and blood filtration during cardiac surgery such as bypass grafting or valve replacement.
2. It describes the components of a typical heart-lung bypass unit including oxygenators, pumps, filters, heat exchangers, and monitoring equipment. Roller pumps and centrifugal pumps are discussed.
3. Safety features are highlighted such as bubble detectors, level detectors, and backup systems to ensure continuous blood flow and oxygenation in case of equipment issues.
Intra Aortic Balloon Pump by Rubina Shehzadi RN
An intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a type of therapeutic device which helps heart to pump more blood. You may need it if your heart is unable to pump enough blood for your body. The IABP consists of a thin, flexible tube called a catheter. Attached to the tip of the catheter is a long balloon.
Coronary circulation
The coronary circulation supplies blood to the heart muscle. There are two main coronary arteries - the left and right coronary arteries - that originate from the aorta and branch throughout the heart muscle. The left coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart while the right coronary artery supplies the right side. These arteries branch into smaller arterioles and capillaries to deliver oxygenated blood before draining into coronary veins that remove deoxygenated blood, mostly through the coronary sinus, and return it to the right atrium.
HEART LUNG MACHINE
A medical equipment that provides Cardiopulmonary bypass, (temporary mechanical circulatory support) to the stationary heart and lungs)
Heart and Lungs are made “functionless temporarily” , in order to perform surgeries
CABG
Valve repair
Aneurysm
Septal Defects
CARDIO PULMONARYBYPASS BLOOD PUMPS DR NIKUNJ R SHEKHADA (MBBS,MSGEN SURG ,DN...
The document discusses different types of blood pumps used in cardiopulmonary bypass, including their characteristics and clinical uses. It describes displacement pumps like roller pumps and rotary pumps like centrifugal pumps. Roller pumps can be occlusive or non-occlusive, and use tubing that must be carefully selected. Centrifugal pumps work on centrifugal force and generate less blood damage than roller pumps but require flow meters. Both pump types are generally safe for cardiopulmonary bypass under 6 hours, though centrifugal pumps may be preferable for longer support. Emerging pump designs like the diagonal pump aim to combine advantages of different pump types.
CABG on CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
1) Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is performed to improve quality of life and reduce mortality for patients with coronary artery disease.
2) Anesthesia for CABG involves monitoring the patient throughout various stages including pre-bypass, maintenance on bypass, and weaning from bypass.
3) Key aspects include induction, myocardial protection through hypothermia and cardioplegia, and monitoring the patient closely during and after coming off bypass.
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Cardiovascular / Respiratory sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Cardio
What's hot (20)
Heart lung machine also referred to as extracorporeal circulation...
Heart lung machine also referred to as extracorporeal circulation...
Anaesthesia for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery [autosaved]
Anaesthesia for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery [autosaved]
Principles Of Intra Aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation
Principles Of Intra Aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation
CARDIO PULMONARYBYPASS BLOOD PUMPS DR NIKUNJ R SHEKHADA (MBBS,MSGEN SURG ,DN...
CARDIO PULMONARYBYPASS BLOOD PUMPS DR NIKUNJ R SHEKHADA (MBBS,MSGEN SURG ,DN...
Similar to 4.3 heart lunch machine module 4 (2)
10735108.ppt
A medical equipment that provides Cardiopulmonary bypass, (temporary mechanical circulatory support) to the stationary heart and lungs)
Heart and Lungs are made “functionless temporarily” , in order to perform surgeries
CABG
CARDIO-PULMONARY BYPASS
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery by circulating and oxygenating the blood. It allows correction of cardiac defects that were previously not surgically treatable. The basic CPB circuit involves draining blood from the veins into an oxygenator and reservoir before pumping it back into the arteries. Key components include cannulas, a pump, oxygenator, heat exchanger, and cardioplegia delivery system. CPB requires anticoagulation and precise monitoring to safely divert blood flow around the heart while surgical repairs are made before returning the patient to full cardiac function. Complications can include bleeding, infection, organ dysfunction, and neurological issues. Advances like centrifugal pumps
CPB(CARDIO PULMONARY BYPASS)
- Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) allows for temporary taking over of the heart and lungs' functions during surgery.
- Its development began in the early 19th century with experiments in extracorporeal circulation.
- John Gibbon successfully used CPB for open-heart surgery in 1953, repairing an atrial septal defect.
- CPB relies on principles like hypothermia, hemodilution, and anticoagulation to oxygenate and circulate blood outside the body during surgery and provide organ protection. It has revolutionized cardiac surgery and allowed for repair of previously inoperable heart defects.
Heart Lung Machine.pptx
The document describes the key components and functioning of a heart-lung machine or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machine. The CPB machine temporarily takes over the heart and lung functions during cardiac surgery by pumping and oxygenating the patient's blood before returning it to the circulation. It consists of a reservoir to collect blood, pumps to circulate it, a heat exchanger to regulate temperature, an oxygenator to add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, and filters to remove particles before the blood is returned. Different types of oxygenators are discussed that facilitate gas exchange through various mechanisms like diffusion, bubbles, or rotating discs.
Heart transplantation
A heart transplant involves surgically removing a diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy donor heart. The first successful heart transplant was performed in 1967 in South Africa. While the recipient lived 18 days, subsequent improvements allowed longer survival times. Today, heart transplants are performed to treat heart failure from conditions like cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease when other treatments are no longer effective. The standard transplant procedure involves removing the recipient's heart and sewing the donor heart into place in an operation called orthotopic implantation. Careful screening of donor hearts and lifelong immunosuppression are required for success.
Endeavors of Chemical Engineering
- Chemical engineers have contributed significantly to the development of artificial organs like the heart-lung machine and artificial kidney.
- The first heart-lung machine was developed in the 1930s and consisted of components to oxygenate and pump blood outside the body during heart surgery.
- Further innovations like adding a filter to remove harmful particles improved the machine's effectiveness and enabled the first successful open-heart surgery on a human patient in 1953.
Artificial Heart
An artificial heart is a prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the original biological heart.
coronary artery bypass graft surgery CABG
coronary artery bypass graft surgery, explanation of CABG on-pump and off-pump procedures, physiotherapy management after surgery. indications of CABG. description of the procedure, investigations before surgery, per operative and post operative management
Artificial heart transplantation
The document summarizes information about total artificial heart transplantation including:
- The surgical procedure involves removing the damaged heart and attaching an artificial heart made of biocompatible plastic.
- Risks include bleeding, infections, and blood clots. The artificial heart aims to temporarily support patients until a donor heart is available.
- The surgery requires opening the chest, stopping the native heart, and connecting the artificial heart to blood vessels using a heart-lung machine for support during the operation.
hemodialysisfinal-091102094843-phpapp01.pdf
Hemodialysis is a method for removing waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys fail. It involves connecting the patient's blood to a dialysis machine via vascular access so the blood can circulate through a dialyzer. Common side effects include low blood pressure and headaches due to fluid removal. Long term risks include infection, bleeding, and heart disease. Access points can be catheters, arteriovenous fistulas, or synthetic grafts. Hemodialysis has evolved significantly since its development in the 1940s to become a viable treatment for chronic kidney disease.
hemodialysisfinal-091102094843-phpapp01.pdf
Hemodialysis is a method for removing waste and excess water from the blood when the kidneys fail. It involves using a dialyzer to filter the blood outside of the body through a semipermeable membrane. While various scientists contributed to its development, Dr. Willem Kolff is considered the inventor of the dialyzer. Hemodialysis was initially used for acute kidney failure but is now commonly used as lifelong treatment for end-stage renal disease. Treatments typically occur 3 times per week but side effects like low blood pressure can occur, requiring adjustments to the treatment prescription.
hemodialysisfinal-091102094843-phpapp01.pdf
Hemodialysis is a method for removing waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys fail. It involves connecting the patient's blood to a dialysis machine via vascular access points. The three main types of access are catheters, arteriovenous fistulas, and synthetic grafts. Fistulas have the lowest risk of complications like infection but take time to mature before use. Potential side effects of hemodialysis include low blood pressure and symptoms from rapid fluid removal.
Open heart surgery uday
Open heart surgery involves opening the chest to operate directly on the heart or surrounding structures. Common procedures include heart valve surgery, repair of congenital defects, and coronary artery bypass grafting. Before surgery, patients undergo tests to assess cardiac function and risks. During surgery, general anesthesia is induced carefully to maintain stable hemodynamics while the heart is monitored closely using techniques like pulmonary artery catheters. Premedication aims to minimize stress on the heart during induction and intubation.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass overview for beginners
This document provides an overview of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), including its history, components of the modern CPB machine, and the CPB procedure. Some key points:
- John Heysham Gibbon Jr. performed the first successful open heart surgery using total cardiopulmonary bypass in 1953.
- The main components of the modern CPB machine include the systemic pump, oxygenator, venous reservoir, and arterial filter.
- CPB allows for an open, bloodless field during cardiac surgery by taking over the functions of the heart and lungs. Various techniques like hypothermia, cardioplegia, and venting are used to protect the heart during bypass.
Physiology of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Physiology of CPB, working principle of bypass machine, parts of bypass machine, cardioplegia,temperature and cpb, cpb in gravid patients
Artificial heart.pptx
Artificial organ- any machine, device, or other material that is used to replace the functions of a faulty or missing organ or other part of the human body
The devices are human-made, whereas the living replacement parts can be obtained from the patient, a relative, a human cadaver, or a live animal or can be prospectively developed through genetic engineering.
The concept that a disease state may be addressed not only by returning the malfunctioning organ to health using chemical agents or physical means but also by replacing the missing function with a natural or an artificial counterpart has brought about a revolution in therapeutics.
It is considerably more effective than drug therapy or corrective surgery in the treatment of many conditions, e.g., cardiac valve disease, heart block, malignant arrhythmia, arterial obstruction, cataract.
Artificial organs can be located outside of the body yet attached to it (paracorporeal prostheses or assist devices) or implanted inside the body in a appropriate location (internal artificial organs or implants).
The application of artificial organs may be temporary, i.e., a bridge procedure to sustain life or a specific biologic activity while waiting for either recovery of natural function (e.g., the heart-lung machine), or permanent organ replacement (e.g., left ventricular assist devices).
Role of vascular surgeon in stroke
Objectives:
1- Anatomy of the brain blood supply
2-Stroke
- Definition
-type
- Etiology
-Risk Factors
-Clinical presentation
-Diagnosis
-Medical management
3- Role of vascular surgeon in stroke
-Carotid Endarterectomy
-Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting
Norwood Procedure.pptx
The Norwood procedure is the first of three surgeries required to treat single-ventricle conditions such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Because the left side of the heart can’t be fixed, the series of surgeries rebuilds other parts of the heart.
The Norwood procedure is performed in the baby’s first or second week of life.to redirect the blood flow.
Three goals for the Norwood procedure:
1, Build a new aorta.
2, Direct blood from the right ventricle through the new aorta and on to the rest of the body.
3, Direct the right ventricle to pump blood to the lungs until the next surgery.
Cardiopulmonary bypass
1) Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a technique used in heart surgery to temporarily divert blood from the heart and lungs and provide oxygenation and pumping functions during periods when the heart is stopped.
2) CPB was pioneered in the 1950s and has since undergone over 40 years of innovation and research. It allows surgeons to operate on a still, bloodless heart.
3) The CPB team includes the surgeon, perfusionist, and anesthesiologist who work together to set up the bypass machine, monitor the patient, and safely transition the patient on and off bypass.
Special equipment in icu
This document describes various types of specialized equipment used in critical care units. It discusses equipment such as CPAP machines, breathing bags, bedside monitors, brain tissue oxygen monitors, capnography monitors, bispectral index monitors, resuscitation carts, IV pumps, dialysis machines, defibrillators, EEG machines, ventricular assist devices, intra-aortic balloon pumps, arterial lines, pulse oximetry, central venous lines, ICP monitors, pulmonary artery catheters, chest drainage devices, colonoscopes, gastrostomy tubes, tracheostomy tubes, NG tubes, breathing tubes, balloon tamponade tubes, suction catheters, feeding pumps, gastroscopes, endoscopes
Similar to 4.3 heart lunch machine module 4 (2) (20)
Recently uploaded
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest VersionLocal Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Recently uploaded (20)
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
4.3 heart lunch machine module 4 (2)
- 1. 4. 3 The Heart-Lung Machine Module 4
- 3. Overview • Heart-Lung Machine – blood pumping machine that takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery (i.e. open-heart surgery) • Most commonly used to perform a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) • CPB allows for the heart to stop beating, which makes it easier to operate on, and surgeons can operate in a blood-free area
- 5. Brief History •Mid 1930s – the heart-lung machine, first known as a perfusion pump, was created by Dr. Alexis Carrel and Charles Lindbergh •1953 – Dr. John H. Gibbons, Jr. was credited with developing the first clinically successful heart-lung pump •Since its creation, advancements of the heart- lung pump have been considered big steps in developing open-heart surgery, organ transplant, and the artificial heart.
- 6. Current Methods • Composed of: a chamber that receives all the blood from the body (right atrium of the heart), pumps that move the blood through an oxygenator (right ventricle),oxygenator removes the carbon dioxide and adds oxygen to the blood (lungs) • Machine continues by pumping the oxygenated blood back to the body (left atrium and ventricle) using a series of tubes • The heart-lung machine itself is operated by perfusionists during surgery, and at the end of an operation, the surgeon gradually lets the patient’s heart resume its normal functions • Results: the ability of a surgeon to perform an open-heart surgery in a blood-free zone while the heart is not beating • CPB allows for supporting the circulation of the blood; induce total body hypothermia, where the body can be maintained for up to 45 minutes without perfusion (blood flow)
- 8. Limitations and Future • If blood flow were to be stopped at normal body temperature, permanent brain damage will occur in just a few minutes, followed by almost certain death shortly after. • “Pumphead” syndrome – some effects can include defects to attention, concentration, short term memory, and fine motor function • Allows for medications and anesthetics to be administered directly into the blood, adding them to the blood in the heart-lung reservoir, arriving immediately to the patient • The clear advantage - allow doctors to operate in a blood-free area, should contribute to less surgical error • In the future, the heart-lung pump will hopefully become portable, allowing for paramedics to aid heart attack patients on the scene • The device will be further developed to allow for less brain damage after the surgery.
- 9. Sources • "Alexis Carrel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Carrel>. • "Cardiopulmonary bypass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_bypass>. • DeBakey, Michael. "John Gibbon and the heart-lung machine: a personal encounter and his import for cardiovascular surgery -- DeBakey 76 (6): S2188 -- The Annals of Thoracic Surgery." The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. Web. <http://ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/76/6/S2188>. • "Heart-Lung Machine." Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. USC cardiothoracic Surgery, Web. <http://www.cts.usc.edu/zglossary-heartlungmachine.html>. • Levinson, Mark. "Leaning Ctr : The Heart-Lung Machine." Heart Surgery Forum. Web. <http://www.hsforum.com/stories/storyReader$1486>.