The document discusses the difference between opinion and truth and how to analyze situations to distinguish the two. It explains that words can have cognitive or emotive meaning and some may use emotive language or fallacies to manipulate emotions rather than address reasons. It also notes that ignorance can be presented as authority and an "beast mode" approach used to communicate false propositions. The document advocates being logical and critical to determine what is true.

1. 2.2 HOW TO ANALYSE
SITUATIONS THAT SHOW
THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN OPINION AND
TRUTH?

2. APPLYING LOGIC AND FALLACIES IN
DETERMINING TRUTH FROM OPINION.
• According to Ludwig Wittgenstein, the world consist
of a state of affairs, not of things.
• We can represent the reality by way of models such
as picture or describes it by way of spoken and
written language, that is, propositions and define its
meaning in terms of its capacity for being true or
false.
• The limits of what can be of what can be said are
defined by logical rules.
• The limits of my language mean the limit of my
world.

3. APPLYING LOGIC AND FALLACIES IN
DETERMINING TRUTH FROM OPINION.
• The logic of language shows how elements fits
states of affairs and how state of affairs in wider
constellations can be linked together.
• These constellations can be reproduced in a
picture and languages both spoken and written.
• The problem is that actual situations are
extremely complicated and often opaque when
seen through an impure use of words.

4. APPLYING LOGIC AND FALLACIES IN
DETERMINING TRUTH FROM OPINION.
• If the purpose of a sentence is to inform or state
a fact, some of its words must refer to things,
events or properties.
• Words have cognitive meaning (mental
meaning).
• On the other hand, some words have emotive
meaning, that may have whether positive or
negative and neutral overtones.
• Ex. Terrorist, good, bad, pretty, politicians, corrupt
manggihatagon, buotan, buwaya, padrino

5. APPLYING LOGIC AND FALLACIES IN
DETERMINING TRUTH FROM OPINION.
• Some would use emotive meaning masked as cognitive
meaning to whip up emotions so that reasons get
overlooked
• Some would use emotively neutral terms of euphemisms
to dull the force of what they say and thus make
acceptable what otherwise might be.
• Fallacies have been carefully employed in words to
secure sympathies of other
• Ex. Political speeches by politicians and activist.

6. APPLYING LOGIC AND FALLACIES IN
DETERMINING TRUTH FROM OPINION.
• Ignorance can be cloaked in a false aura of authority.
• Beast mode approach also benefited heavily in
communicating false propositions.
• Such tragedy is rampant in our world today at the
expense of the truth that have great impact in our day to
day living.
• The call is be logical as much as possible and critical in
some degree to arrive what true.