It was determined by the research that the object of research was excavated plots of land with a total area of 1776.99 ha, and their morphological features were described by genetic layers. yes; Clean pasture-147.58ha; Reed pasture-6.83 ha; Shrub pasture - 4.25 ha; Other lands-942.10 ha; The area set aside was 7.2 hectares. Based on the results of field research and laboratory analysis, a soil map was compiled on topographic bases and an explanatory report was written. Professor R.H.Mammadov's scale was used to determine the granulometric composition of soils here. Natural-economic features of the area, including geographical position, relief, agro-climatic elements were studied, soil cover; vegetation. The role of vegetation in the process of soil formation and formation of soil cover, increase of soil fertility with the formation of organic matter depends on the density of vegetation, maintenance of normal soil moisture, reduction of water washing effect, prevention of formation and development of soils and erosion elm, garatikan shrubs, licorice, birch, thyme, chicory, etc. are widely spread in the area from shrubs, suitability of the area for use for grain crops; Soil-forming rocks, etc., as well as the great role of the chemical composition of the parent rock in the process of soil formation have been widely studied.
Background on the Development Issues of Soil Erosion of Sloping Lands of Azer...BRNSS Publication Hub
The article examines the issues of the possibility of studying the areas of development by soil erosion and
its control. The study proved that the development of soil erosion is based on the forming impact of natural
and anthropogenic factors. The degree of potential danger and the possibility of prevention, taking into
account, the preservation of the environmental situation in the foothills of the Upper Shirvan in the example
of the Shamakhi district of the Republic of Azerbaijan, were studied. The main tasks of the study were a
determination of the amount and degree of development of eroded and erosion-prone soils of the foothill
zones carried out on the basis of soil erosion surveys of the farms of the republic
Taking all these into account, it is important to increase the fertility of the soil from the erosion process in Ismayilli and to prevent the washing of fodder crops from perennial herbs. The cultivation of these plants in the mountainous regions protects the slopes from the terrible erosion process and provides the animals with a strong fodder. It is proved by the results of the research that restoration of fertility and ecological balance of erosion lands and the implementation of soil-agro-technical measures to increase productivity are of great importance. Due to the application of these measures, I, as a result of improving the water and physical properties of the affected land, prevent surface water flows. In addition, the results of the study have been proven by the fact that, for certain reason, erosion and erosion hazards are most likely to be taken over by the sowing of perennial herbs. Thus, perennial herbs, in particular, accumulate the nitrogen atmosphere of the legumes, enriches the soil with organic matter, accelerates the formation of water-resistant granular - topical structure and improves its water-physical properties, which in turn facilitates the rapid digestion of foodstuffs.
Background on the Development Issues of Soil Erosion of Sloping Lands of Azer...BRNSS Publication Hub
The article examines the issues of the possibility of studying the areas of development by soil erosion and
its control. The study proved that the development of soil erosion is based on the forming impact of natural
and anthropogenic factors. The degree of potential danger and the possibility of prevention, taking into
account, the preservation of the environmental situation in the foothills of the Upper Shirvan in the example
of the Shamakhi district of the Republic of Azerbaijan, were studied. The main tasks of the study were a
determination of the amount and degree of development of eroded and erosion-prone soils of the foothill
zones carried out on the basis of soil erosion surveys of the farms of the republic
Taking all these into account, it is important to increase the fertility of the soil from the erosion process in Ismayilli and to prevent the washing of fodder crops from perennial herbs. The cultivation of these plants in the mountainous regions protects the slopes from the terrible erosion process and provides the animals with a strong fodder. It is proved by the results of the research that restoration of fertility and ecological balance of erosion lands and the implementation of soil-agro-technical measures to increase productivity are of great importance. Due to the application of these measures, I, as a result of improving the water and physical properties of the affected land, prevent surface water flows. In addition, the results of the study have been proven by the fact that, for certain reason, erosion and erosion hazards are most likely to be taken over by the sowing of perennial herbs. Thus, perennial herbs, in particular, accumulate the nitrogen atmosphere of the legumes, enriches the soil with organic matter, accelerates the formation of water-resistant granular - topical structure and improves its water-physical properties, which in turn facilitates the rapid digestion of foodstuffs.
Development and rainfed paddy soils potency derived from lacustrine material ...NurdinUng
Rainfed paddy soils that are derived from lacustrine and include of E4 agroclimatic zone have many unique properties and potentially for paddy and corn plantations. This sreseach was aimed to: (1) study the soil development of
rainfed paddy soils derived from lacustrine and (2) evaluate rainfed paddy soils potency for paddy and corn in Paguyaman. Soil samples were taken from three profiles according to toposequent, and they were analyzed in laboratory. Data were analyzed with descriptive-quantitative analysis. Furthermore, assessment on rainfed paddy soils potency was conducted with land suitability analysis using parametric approach. Results indicate that all pedon had evolved with B horizons structurization. However, pedon located on the summit slope was more developed and intensely weathered than those of the shoulder and foot slopes.The main pedogenesis in all pedons were through
elluviation, illuviation, lessivage, pedoturbation, and gleization processes. The main factors of pedogenesis were climate, age (time) and topography factors. Therefore, P1 pedons are classified as Ustic Endoaquerts, fine, smectitic,
isohypertermic; P2 as Vertic Endoaquepts, fine, smectitic, isohypertermic; and P3 as Vertic Epiaquepts, fine, smectitic,
isohypertermic. Based on the potentials of the land, the highest of land suitability class (LSC) of land utilization type (LUT) local paddy was highly suitable (S1), while the lowest one was not suitable with nutrient availability as the limiting factor (Nna). The highest LCS of paddy-corn LUT was marginally suitable with water availability as the limiting factor (S3wa), while the lower LSC was not suitable with nutrient availabily as the limiting factor (Nna).
430 million hectares of land was damaged as a result of erosion processes in different countries of the world. Surface, split and irrigation erosion is also widespread throughout the country. 43.29% of the total area is subject to varying degrees of erosion. In some regions, especially in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, erosion processes cover 70% of the area. 66.6 of the total area of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus underwent erosion. In some areas of the country, the percentage of destroyed farms is high. This figure is 51% in the Lachin-Kelbajar zone, 57.9% in the Guba-Khaimaz zone and 72.4% in Sheki-Zagatal. The newly formed fragments break agricultural land into small parts and make them useless. The following erosion intensity scale is presented. 1) clean washing up to 0.5 t / ha, 2) poor washing up to 0.5 t / ha, 3) moderate washing 1-5 t / ha, 4) strong washing -5-10 t / ha, 5) very strong wash -10 t / ha. In different geographical areas of the country, the possible distances between the strips on different slopes were also determined. Soil preparation should be carried out with a strip of 1–2 m every 3–5 m in zones with a 10–200 frequency, from moderate to heavy and a width of 1.5–3 m in each of 2-3 m in highly washed areas of 20–300 m trench to dig. In large areas with more than 15-200 thick and thick soils and where the tractor can work, deforestation should be carried out on terraces. On slopes where heavily washed and often hard rocks are exposed, soil can be set up to create yards and ditches. In different geographical areas of the country, the possible distances between the strips on different slopes were also determined. Soil preparation should be carried out with a strip of 1–2 m every 3–5 m in zones with a 10–200 frequency, from moderate to heavy and a width of 1.5–3 m in each of 2-3 m in highly washed areas of 20–300 m trench to dig. In large areas with more than 15-200 thick and thick soils and where the tractor can work, deforestation should be carried out on terraces. On slopes where heavily washed and often hard rocks are exposed, soil can be set up to create yards and ditches. In different geographical areas of the country, the possible distances between the strips on different slopes were also determined. Soil preparation should be carried out with a strip of 1–2 m every 3–5 m in zones with a 10–200 frequency, from moderate to heavy and a width of 1.5–3 m in each of 2-3 m in highly washed areas of 20–300 m trench to dig. In large areas with more than 15-200 thick and thick soils and where the tractor can work, deforestation should be carried out on terraces. On slopes where heavily washed and often hard rocks are exposed, soil can be set up to create yards and ditches. In large areas with more than 15-200 thick and thick soils and where the tractor can work, deforestation should be carried out on terraces.
ABSTRACT- Composite soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of Gmelina arborea, Elaeis guineensis and Hevea brasiliensis plantations as well as the Rain Forest of over 20 years of age in Akampa L.G.A. at depths of 0-15 cm (surface soil) and 15-30 cm (sub surface soil), to examine the effects of land use and management practices on some physical, chemical and microbial properties of the soils. The soils were mainly sandy loam, strongly acid in reaction and generally low in available P, exchangeable Ca2+, K+ and Na+, but moderate in Mg2+ except for the surface soil in Elaeis guineensis plantation which was however, high in organic C (4.29 %), total N (0.37 %) and Mg (3.9 cmol kg-1). The soils regardless of the land use patterns were high in exchangeable acidity with Elaeis guineensis having the least values. Diverse species of microorganisms were isolated across the different plantations and rain forest, however, Elaeis guineensis recorded the highest microbial count. Land use altered the microbial population and also had an effect on the species composition of soil microbial communities. Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp and Mucor spp as well as Aspergillus niger were however, common across the study sites while other organisms were location specific suggesting vegetation and land use meddling. The effects of land use pattern were noted in the chemical and microbial alteration observed mostly in the top of rhizosphere soils. It is pertinent that good management practices such as liming, mulching as well as cover cropping be carried out to increase and maintain the fertility of the soils.
Key-words- Land use, Physicochemical and Microbial properties, Rain Forest, Rhizosphere
COTTON PLANT OF MUGHAN – SALYAN ECONOMIC DISTRICT ANCIENT WATERED TUND USED UNDERNEATHEFFECT OF EROSION PROCESS ON AGROCHEMICAL INDICATORS AND STRUCTURE-AGGREGATE COMPOSITION OF GRAY-GRASS SOILS
Overview Environmental Danger of Eroided Land in Azerbaijan and Their Solutio...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
The article considers the natural and economic climate and agro-climatic conditions, the geological structure, the soil-vegetation cover of the mountain-irrigated zone of Azerbaijan in the example of individual areas where the natural moisture content of soils is strongly tested, in the presence of an acute lack of field water and an uneven distribution of atmospheric precipitation. At the same time, in the region, traditional methods of surface watering in agricultural production for intensifying development have been widely differentiated: various kinds of erosion (like irrigation, water, razhnye etc.) in the erosion region. The soil productivity indicators and the potential risk of erosion in the vertical zone are predetermined, as well as the problems of preventing the danger of these types of degraded soils.
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on open access journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000541.php
Soil constraints and management options for rice production areas in Cagayan,...Innspub Net
This study was conducted to develop soil constraints and management options for rice areas in Cagayan province, Philippines. Soil samples were taken from sixteen rice production municipalities in the province. Morphological properties of soils were investigated in situ. Samples were analyzed for their chemical and physical properties. Thirteen soil types were identified as Sta Rita clay loam, Toran silt clay, Isabela clay, Bantay clay loam, Buguey loamy sand, Quingua clay loam, San Manuel silt loam, Carig clay loam, Buguey sand, Alaminos silt clay, San Fernando clay, Toran loam, Quingua silt loam. Crop suitability analysis of these soils was done based on the soil characteristics studied per series and known requirements of each crop. Production constraints were identified and management practices recommendations were provided based on the recognized problems per soils series.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In 2012-2017, the activity of bacteria, ray fungi and microscopic fungi from microorganisms was studied in field experiments with the aim of studying the effect of micronutrients on the productivity of winter wheat in moderately eroded gray mountain-brown soils. The regularity of the activity of the microorganisms that play a major role during the vegetation period of wheat was studied. It was found that the micronutrients given to the soil increased the activity of groups of microorganisms in all variants of the experiment. Thus, the effect of micronutrients on the activity of bacteria was greater. Likewise, micronutrients also increased the activity of fungi and fungi. has increased. The activity of bacteria and fungi has increased. Also, does this group of microorganisms develop better, especially in conditions without humidity? From these 5-6 years of research carried out by us, we can draw the conclusion that microelements significantly revive the microbiological process in eroded soils, as a result of which decomposition and synthesis of decay in the soil is significantly improved, and the process of humus formation is accelerated.
In 2012-2017, the activity of bacteria, ray fungi and microscopic fungi from microorganisms was studied in field experiments with the aim of studying the effect of micronutrients on the productivity of winter wheat in moderately eroded gray mountain-brown soils. The regularity of the activity of the microorganisms that play a major role during the vegetation period of wheat was studied. It was found that the micronutrients given to the soil increased the activity of groups of microorganisms in all variants of the experiment. Thus, the effect of micronutrients on the activity of bacteria was greater. Likewise, micronutrients also increased the activity of fungi and fungi. has increased. The activity of bacteria and fungi has increased. Also, does this group of microorganisms develop better, especially in conditions without humidity? From these 5-6 years of research carried out by us, we can draw the conclusion that microelements significantly revive the microbiological process in eroded soils, as a result of which decomposition and synthesis of decay in the soil is significantly improved, and the process of humus formation is accelerated.
Impact of Erosion Process to Fertility of Mountain – Chernozem Situating in S...BRNSS Publication Hub
The complexity, sharp change in the relief condition, the tension of the anthropogenic factors in the
Shamakhi region, where we have investigated, has intensified the erosion process. Because of the lack of
agrotechnical measures on the slopes, the erosion process has been intensified, the soil is flooded with soil,
the physical and chemical properties of the soil have deteriorated, the nutritional elements have declined,
and the vegetation has been degraded and reached the limit of destruction. For some reason, the object of
research was Shamakhi two land cuts were set up to determine the degree of actual erosion of the soil in the
village of melam, which will result in preventive measures to prevent erosion intensities and to develop and
implement appropriate preventive measures
Study on spatial variability of Soils using GISIJERA Editor
Spatial variability of soil properties within or among agricultural fields is inherent in nature due to geologic and pedologic soil forming factors, but some of the variability may be induced by tillage and other management practices due to human activities. Determining such soil variability is important for precise agriculture and management of natural resources. Hence, it is important to study the extent of surface spatial variability for efficient input management and to achieve higher yield. In this regard, the spatial variability study was conducted in Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture & Research Institute, Karaikal for which 77 geo referenced soil samples were collected from the East farm (A, B, C, D, E and F blocks) and analysed for the soil properties like pH, EC, Organic Carbon, Available Nitrogen (N), Available Phosphorus (P2O5), Available Potassium (K2O) using standard procedures. With the available data the spatial maps of basic soil properties were prepared from which the properties are known in unsampled areas and with this map through linkage, spatial variability maps can be generated for other properties
Investigation of Soil Status in Degraded Soils from Tantalum Mining in Gatumb...Premier Publishers
Different soil properties from Gatumba Mining Area were assessed to characterize them and contribute in setting up practices for soil restoration. The present study was conducted to assess the soil status in degraded soils from tantalum mining in Gatumba. Nine soil profiles which were prepared in 2009 during dry season were sharpened and soils from all visible horizons were sampled. Soil analysis was performed in the soil laboratory at National University of Rwanda. Results showed that the active soil pH was lower in technosol developed on schist (4.8) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite dump (5.61) and ranged from slightly acid (5.61) to acidic (4.73). Acid saturation was lower in strongly disturbed fluvisol (3.4%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (10.78%) while base saturation was lower in cambic-fluvisol (37.5%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (89.3%). However, a significant difference (p=0.012) only observed in base saturation between soil profiles. In general, soils affected by mining had low base saturation and higher acid saturation than unaffected. Therefore, recommendation of more soluble amendment such as lime and dolomite would improve the soil pH and provide macronutrients like Ca2+ and Mg2+.
The properties and potentials of soils of Liman Katagum (LK) in Bauchi State were assessed for both rainfed and irrigated crop production. Six soil mapping units were identified. The soils were moderately deep to very deep (93 – 163cm), except for exposed petroplinthite in some part of land unit LK 2. Soil pH ranged between 4.7 and 8.4, and was rated moderately acid to moderately alkaline. The soils were characterized by moderate fertility status. Improved management techniques were suggested for sustainable use of the land to improve farmers’ economy in the area. Assessment of the land potential showed that land units LK 3, LK 5 and LK6 (47.5%; 9.975ha) were moderately suitable (S2) and LK 1 and LK 4 (27.5%; 5.775ha) marginally suitable (S3) for rainfed crop production. For irrigated crop production, land units; LK 3, LK 4, LK 5 and LK 6 (51.43%; 10.8ha) were potentially moderately suitable (S2) and Land unit LK 1 (23.57%; 4.95ha) marginally suitable (S3). Land unit LK 2 constituting 25% (5.25ha) of the land was not potentially suitable (N2) for either rainfed or irrigated agriculture.
Development and rainfed paddy soils potency derived from lacustrine material ...NurdinUng
Rainfed paddy soils that are derived from lacustrine and include of E4 agroclimatic zone have many unique properties and potentially for paddy and corn plantations. This sreseach was aimed to: (1) study the soil development of
rainfed paddy soils derived from lacustrine and (2) evaluate rainfed paddy soils potency for paddy and corn in Paguyaman. Soil samples were taken from three profiles according to toposequent, and they were analyzed in laboratory. Data were analyzed with descriptive-quantitative analysis. Furthermore, assessment on rainfed paddy soils potency was conducted with land suitability analysis using parametric approach. Results indicate that all pedon had evolved with B horizons structurization. However, pedon located on the summit slope was more developed and intensely weathered than those of the shoulder and foot slopes.The main pedogenesis in all pedons were through
elluviation, illuviation, lessivage, pedoturbation, and gleization processes. The main factors of pedogenesis were climate, age (time) and topography factors. Therefore, P1 pedons are classified as Ustic Endoaquerts, fine, smectitic,
isohypertermic; P2 as Vertic Endoaquepts, fine, smectitic, isohypertermic; and P3 as Vertic Epiaquepts, fine, smectitic,
isohypertermic. Based on the potentials of the land, the highest of land suitability class (LSC) of land utilization type (LUT) local paddy was highly suitable (S1), while the lowest one was not suitable with nutrient availability as the limiting factor (Nna). The highest LCS of paddy-corn LUT was marginally suitable with water availability as the limiting factor (S3wa), while the lower LSC was not suitable with nutrient availabily as the limiting factor (Nna).
430 million hectares of land was damaged as a result of erosion processes in different countries of the world. Surface, split and irrigation erosion is also widespread throughout the country. 43.29% of the total area is subject to varying degrees of erosion. In some regions, especially in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, erosion processes cover 70% of the area. 66.6 of the total area of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus underwent erosion. In some areas of the country, the percentage of destroyed farms is high. This figure is 51% in the Lachin-Kelbajar zone, 57.9% in the Guba-Khaimaz zone and 72.4% in Sheki-Zagatal. The newly formed fragments break agricultural land into small parts and make them useless. The following erosion intensity scale is presented. 1) clean washing up to 0.5 t / ha, 2) poor washing up to 0.5 t / ha, 3) moderate washing 1-5 t / ha, 4) strong washing -5-10 t / ha, 5) very strong wash -10 t / ha. In different geographical areas of the country, the possible distances between the strips on different slopes were also determined. Soil preparation should be carried out with a strip of 1–2 m every 3–5 m in zones with a 10–200 frequency, from moderate to heavy and a width of 1.5–3 m in each of 2-3 m in highly washed areas of 20–300 m trench to dig. In large areas with more than 15-200 thick and thick soils and where the tractor can work, deforestation should be carried out on terraces. On slopes where heavily washed and often hard rocks are exposed, soil can be set up to create yards and ditches. In different geographical areas of the country, the possible distances between the strips on different slopes were also determined. Soil preparation should be carried out with a strip of 1–2 m every 3–5 m in zones with a 10–200 frequency, from moderate to heavy and a width of 1.5–3 m in each of 2-3 m in highly washed areas of 20–300 m trench to dig. In large areas with more than 15-200 thick and thick soils and where the tractor can work, deforestation should be carried out on terraces. On slopes where heavily washed and often hard rocks are exposed, soil can be set up to create yards and ditches. In different geographical areas of the country, the possible distances between the strips on different slopes were also determined. Soil preparation should be carried out with a strip of 1–2 m every 3–5 m in zones with a 10–200 frequency, from moderate to heavy and a width of 1.5–3 m in each of 2-3 m in highly washed areas of 20–300 m trench to dig. In large areas with more than 15-200 thick and thick soils and where the tractor can work, deforestation should be carried out on terraces. On slopes where heavily washed and often hard rocks are exposed, soil can be set up to create yards and ditches. In large areas with more than 15-200 thick and thick soils and where the tractor can work, deforestation should be carried out on terraces.
ABSTRACT- Composite soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of Gmelina arborea, Elaeis guineensis and Hevea brasiliensis plantations as well as the Rain Forest of over 20 years of age in Akampa L.G.A. at depths of 0-15 cm (surface soil) and 15-30 cm (sub surface soil), to examine the effects of land use and management practices on some physical, chemical and microbial properties of the soils. The soils were mainly sandy loam, strongly acid in reaction and generally low in available P, exchangeable Ca2+, K+ and Na+, but moderate in Mg2+ except for the surface soil in Elaeis guineensis plantation which was however, high in organic C (4.29 %), total N (0.37 %) and Mg (3.9 cmol kg-1). The soils regardless of the land use patterns were high in exchangeable acidity with Elaeis guineensis having the least values. Diverse species of microorganisms were isolated across the different plantations and rain forest, however, Elaeis guineensis recorded the highest microbial count. Land use altered the microbial population and also had an effect on the species composition of soil microbial communities. Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp and Mucor spp as well as Aspergillus niger were however, common across the study sites while other organisms were location specific suggesting vegetation and land use meddling. The effects of land use pattern were noted in the chemical and microbial alteration observed mostly in the top of rhizosphere soils. It is pertinent that good management practices such as liming, mulching as well as cover cropping be carried out to increase and maintain the fertility of the soils.
Key-words- Land use, Physicochemical and Microbial properties, Rain Forest, Rhizosphere
COTTON PLANT OF MUGHAN – SALYAN ECONOMIC DISTRICT ANCIENT WATERED TUND USED UNDERNEATHEFFECT OF EROSION PROCESS ON AGROCHEMICAL INDICATORS AND STRUCTURE-AGGREGATE COMPOSITION OF GRAY-GRASS SOILS
Overview Environmental Danger of Eroided Land in Azerbaijan and Their Solutio...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
The article considers the natural and economic climate and agro-climatic conditions, the geological structure, the soil-vegetation cover of the mountain-irrigated zone of Azerbaijan in the example of individual areas where the natural moisture content of soils is strongly tested, in the presence of an acute lack of field water and an uneven distribution of atmospheric precipitation. At the same time, in the region, traditional methods of surface watering in agricultural production for intensifying development have been widely differentiated: various kinds of erosion (like irrigation, water, razhnye etc.) in the erosion region. The soil productivity indicators and the potential risk of erosion in the vertical zone are predetermined, as well as the problems of preventing the danger of these types of degraded soils.
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on open access journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000541.php
Soil constraints and management options for rice production areas in Cagayan,...Innspub Net
This study was conducted to develop soil constraints and management options for rice areas in Cagayan province, Philippines. Soil samples were taken from sixteen rice production municipalities in the province. Morphological properties of soils were investigated in situ. Samples were analyzed for their chemical and physical properties. Thirteen soil types were identified as Sta Rita clay loam, Toran silt clay, Isabela clay, Bantay clay loam, Buguey loamy sand, Quingua clay loam, San Manuel silt loam, Carig clay loam, Buguey sand, Alaminos silt clay, San Fernando clay, Toran loam, Quingua silt loam. Crop suitability analysis of these soils was done based on the soil characteristics studied per series and known requirements of each crop. Production constraints were identified and management practices recommendations were provided based on the recognized problems per soils series.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In 2012-2017, the activity of bacteria, ray fungi and microscopic fungi from microorganisms was studied in field experiments with the aim of studying the effect of micronutrients on the productivity of winter wheat in moderately eroded gray mountain-brown soils. The regularity of the activity of the microorganisms that play a major role during the vegetation period of wheat was studied. It was found that the micronutrients given to the soil increased the activity of groups of microorganisms in all variants of the experiment. Thus, the effect of micronutrients on the activity of bacteria was greater. Likewise, micronutrients also increased the activity of fungi and fungi. has increased. The activity of bacteria and fungi has increased. Also, does this group of microorganisms develop better, especially in conditions without humidity? From these 5-6 years of research carried out by us, we can draw the conclusion that microelements significantly revive the microbiological process in eroded soils, as a result of which decomposition and synthesis of decay in the soil is significantly improved, and the process of humus formation is accelerated.
In 2012-2017, the activity of bacteria, ray fungi and microscopic fungi from microorganisms was studied in field experiments with the aim of studying the effect of micronutrients on the productivity of winter wheat in moderately eroded gray mountain-brown soils. The regularity of the activity of the microorganisms that play a major role during the vegetation period of wheat was studied. It was found that the micronutrients given to the soil increased the activity of groups of microorganisms in all variants of the experiment. Thus, the effect of micronutrients on the activity of bacteria was greater. Likewise, micronutrients also increased the activity of fungi and fungi. has increased. The activity of bacteria and fungi has increased. Also, does this group of microorganisms develop better, especially in conditions without humidity? From these 5-6 years of research carried out by us, we can draw the conclusion that microelements significantly revive the microbiological process in eroded soils, as a result of which decomposition and synthesis of decay in the soil is significantly improved, and the process of humus formation is accelerated.
Impact of Erosion Process to Fertility of Mountain – Chernozem Situating in S...BRNSS Publication Hub
The complexity, sharp change in the relief condition, the tension of the anthropogenic factors in the
Shamakhi region, where we have investigated, has intensified the erosion process. Because of the lack of
agrotechnical measures on the slopes, the erosion process has been intensified, the soil is flooded with soil,
the physical and chemical properties of the soil have deteriorated, the nutritional elements have declined,
and the vegetation has been degraded and reached the limit of destruction. For some reason, the object of
research was Shamakhi two land cuts were set up to determine the degree of actual erosion of the soil in the
village of melam, which will result in preventive measures to prevent erosion intensities and to develop and
implement appropriate preventive measures
Study on spatial variability of Soils using GISIJERA Editor
Spatial variability of soil properties within or among agricultural fields is inherent in nature due to geologic and pedologic soil forming factors, but some of the variability may be induced by tillage and other management practices due to human activities. Determining such soil variability is important for precise agriculture and management of natural resources. Hence, it is important to study the extent of surface spatial variability for efficient input management and to achieve higher yield. In this regard, the spatial variability study was conducted in Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture & Research Institute, Karaikal for which 77 geo referenced soil samples were collected from the East farm (A, B, C, D, E and F blocks) and analysed for the soil properties like pH, EC, Organic Carbon, Available Nitrogen (N), Available Phosphorus (P2O5), Available Potassium (K2O) using standard procedures. With the available data the spatial maps of basic soil properties were prepared from which the properties are known in unsampled areas and with this map through linkage, spatial variability maps can be generated for other properties
Investigation of Soil Status in Degraded Soils from Tantalum Mining in Gatumb...Premier Publishers
Different soil properties from Gatumba Mining Area were assessed to characterize them and contribute in setting up practices for soil restoration. The present study was conducted to assess the soil status in degraded soils from tantalum mining in Gatumba. Nine soil profiles which were prepared in 2009 during dry season were sharpened and soils from all visible horizons were sampled. Soil analysis was performed in the soil laboratory at National University of Rwanda. Results showed that the active soil pH was lower in technosol developed on schist (4.8) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite dump (5.61) and ranged from slightly acid (5.61) to acidic (4.73). Acid saturation was lower in strongly disturbed fluvisol (3.4%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (10.78%) while base saturation was lower in cambic-fluvisol (37.5%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (89.3%). However, a significant difference (p=0.012) only observed in base saturation between soil profiles. In general, soils affected by mining had low base saturation and higher acid saturation than unaffected. Therefore, recommendation of more soluble amendment such as lime and dolomite would improve the soil pH and provide macronutrients like Ca2+ and Mg2+.
The properties and potentials of soils of Liman Katagum (LK) in Bauchi State were assessed for both rainfed and irrigated crop production. Six soil mapping units were identified. The soils were moderately deep to very deep (93 – 163cm), except for exposed petroplinthite in some part of land unit LK 2. Soil pH ranged between 4.7 and 8.4, and was rated moderately acid to moderately alkaline. The soils were characterized by moderate fertility status. Improved management techniques were suggested for sustainable use of the land to improve farmers’ economy in the area. Assessment of the land potential showed that land units LK 3, LK 5 and LK6 (47.5%; 9.975ha) were moderately suitable (S2) and LK 1 and LK 4 (27.5%; 5.775ha) marginally suitable (S3) for rainfed crop production. For irrigated crop production, land units; LK 3, LK 4, LK 5 and LK 6 (51.43%; 10.8ha) were potentially moderately suitable (S2) and Land unit LK 1 (23.57%; 4.95ha) marginally suitable (S3). Land unit LK 2 constituting 25% (5.25ha) of the land was not potentially suitable (N2) for either rainfed or irrigated agriculture.
Hospital patients' emotions are influenced by their experiences. Examining the possible impacts of a queue management system on patient satisfaction in emergency hospital waiting areas was the aim of the current study. Process engineering or plain queue management techniques like demand control, queue prioritization, or staffing the emergency department are generally used to address the problem of emergency room congestion (ED). Standing in line is a necessary and inevitable part of daily life. But you can do something pleasurable with the time you waste standing in lines. E-queue aspires to reinvent the experience of standing in line by offering a practical, thorough, and pleasurable replacement. A thorough queue management system that tracks people in lines and provides real-time data on the amount of time patients must wait to see their doctors or nurses is one method of resolving this issue. Thus, patients can make better use of the time they would otherwise squander waiting in line by using e-Queue. Numerous queuing-related concerns were taken into consideration while analyzing the current queuing systems. In order to give patients important queuing information, E-Queue combines the usage of a Smartphone application, a cloud-based database, and information sharing over the internet. In addition, it offers hospitals the chance to effectively control their wait times.
Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus spp. especially (L. planetarium and L. acidophilus) against S. aureus were tested using agar-plug, agar well diffusion methods to select the best isolate that could inhibit the growth of multidrug resistance isolates. Further identification for the presence of bacteriocin was done using ELISA kit. Results showed that Lactobacillus spp isolates were bacteriocin producers with different degrees and that L. planetarium (L7) was the most efficient in bacteriocin production. Therefore, L. planetarium (L7) was selected for purification using 70% saturated ammonium sulfate and gel chromatography. The effect of purified bacteriocin was tested on 16 bacterial isolates using micro-titer plate method and well diffusion method. The results showed the ability of the bacteriocin to inhibit bacteria only at concentrations 1866U/ml (50%), 3732U/ml (100%) with a diameter of inhibition zones ranges between (11-23 mm) respectively. The anti-biofilm activity of purified bacteriocin at concentration 100% was investigated and the results showed that biofilm formation was reduced by 100% in the presence of bacteriocin.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) belongs to the solanaceae which is one of commercial crop produced mainly in northern and central rift valley areas of Ethiopia. It is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors especially fungal diseases mainly powdery mildew is the main challenging factor on tomato production in irrigated agriculture. Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) is a major pathogen of tomato. The experiment was conducted at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre in 2020/21 using Galilae tomato variety. Mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) was used as test product and Ridomol gold 68% was used at standard check. High progress was observed on control, while lower were obtained on treated plots by Mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) and Ridomil gold 68WP. More diseased leaf number (5.70) were observed on control, conversely more healthy leaf were found from treated plots by Ridomil gold 68 WP and mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP). Good yield 18 t/ha is obtained on Ridomil gold 68% WP. Good yield advantage 13.5 t/kg is obtained from Ridomil gold 68% WP and Mascot has revealed 13 t/ha. Higher AUDPC; about 395% has been obtained on control, while lowest were 165% and 170% from mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) and Ridomil gold 68% WP, respectively. Plots treated with mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) and Ridomil gold 68% WP have showed lowest TDS 4.00% and 5.00%. Variation in powdery mildew infection rate due to the prevention level of the treatment was clearly observed with this regards; fungicides appropriate for the environment need to be tested to use as alternative fungicide and reduce the fungicide resistance.
Staphylococcus aureusis a major hospital and community pathogen that is attributed to a wide variety of infections in humans and bio film production is one of the most important virulence factors of S. aureus that contributes to its multiple drug resistance. Therefore, searching for a valuable alternative to the used antibiotics is considered an important goal for study. For this reason one hundred and fifty different clinical samples were collected from various clinical sources and healthcare workers in Al-Imame in Al-Kadhimae in Medical City,Al-Numan Teaching Hospital, Medical City/Teaching laboratories and Central Child Teaching Hospital during the period from1/10/2020to 1/2/2021 in Baghdad City. Isolates were identified by conventional methods (cultural, microscopic and biochemical tests) in addition to the identification by the VITEK® 2Compact, and fifty isolates were recorded as Staphylococcus aureus.
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) considering as a technique system is being exploited of the variance topographic nature of the earth's surface, such as the use of valleys, depressions and oases , or through the berms or small dams from stone or cisterns building , to collect then reserve and store rainwater and floods during winter periods in various ways that differs in the purpose of collecting them depending on their rainfall rates and reuse when needed, whether for drinking, supplementary agricultural irrigation or to feed groundwater. Iraq in general and Nineveh Governorate in particular have been experiencing severe environmental conditions in the past two years, (2020/2021) & (2021/2022), and the most important of which is the rainfall lowing and the increasing demographic growth offset by significant water consumption, so as to ensure continued food production, increased irrigation projects have become urgent. Iraq is one of the countries that suffers from water scarcity in general and the amount of rainfall ranges (99.8 billion cubic meters/year) fluctuating and irregular distribution, so it requires investing this quantity and managing its use rationally by the system of rainwater harvesting .Northern of Iraq, including Nineveh Governorate is characterize by cereal winter crops production by depends mainly on rain fall to produce winter crops such as Wheat and Barley by rainfed agriculture method with rain requirements of more than (400mm/year), the rate of rainfall for a period (1970-2011) reached (170.3 mm/year).The rainy season in Nineveh Governorate extends from November to the end of May with fluctuating falls and small amounts that do not meet the needs of agricultural crops. This current study was prepared to activate the potential for harvesting rainwater for agricultural uses in the rain-fed areas prevailing in Nineveh Governorate. The agricultural system in semi-dry areas, including Nineveh Governorate, suffers from drought due to lack of rain and lack of yield in winter crops, including wheat and barley, which attracts the attention of researchers and stakeholders in finding a strategic solution to this problem, which lies in the activation of rainwater harvesting techniques, which is an integrated system for water management in rain lands in semi-dry areas to meet the lack of water need for agricultural crops. This system includes facilitating the flow of rainwater through canyons according to the decline of the land towards depressions, valleys and water basins prepared for this purpose to conduct supplementary irrigation with sprinkler irrigation techniques to activate the productivity of agricultural crops ,improve the performance capacity of rainfed farming systems, sustain green cover, reduce biodiversity extinction and address the problem of environmental drought to achieve agricultural sustainability.
Clinical examinations demonstrated that many probiotic strains (Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)) can inhibit Helicobacter pylori infection so that when patients were treated with probiotics, Helicobacter pylori were diminished. So probiotics used as helpful in the treating of Helicobacter pylori infection. Various studies support the hypothesis that probiotics inhibit Helicobacter pylori growth owing to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and/or bacteriocins. These studies have been carried out mostly in vitro. High lactic acid-producer strains of Lactobacillus were shown to decrease Helicobacter pylori density in the stomach. The release of bacteriocins active against Helicobacterpylori has been studied chiefly in Lactobacillus. The supernatant of a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus was shown to inhibit both the urease activity and growth of Helicobacter pylori free or adherent to epithelial cells. The properties of LAB, decreasing the luminal pH through the creation of unpredictable short chain unsaturated fats (SCFA) like acidic, lactic or propionic corrosive. Rendering particular supplements inaccessible to pathogens, decreasing the redox capability of the luminal condition, producing hydrogen peroxide under anaerobic conditions and/or creating particular inhibitory mixes like bacteriocins.
Within the framework of the theory of plane steady filtration of an incompressible fluid according to Darcy’s law, two limiting schemes modeling the filtration flows under the Joukowski tongue through a soil massive spread over an impermeable foundation or strongly permeable confined water bearing horizon are considered.
Biosurfactants which are amphiphilic compounds synthesized from microorganisms and plants have properties such as low toxicity and high biodegradability and are great alternatives in domestic and industrial uses. A lot of research has gone into production, characterization and uses of biosurfactants because of its eco-friendly properties in remediation of the environment. Crude oil and its products causes deleterious harm to the environment which needs to be cleaned up with environmentally friendly substances such as biosurfactants, so as not to cause more harm to the environment in the bid to get it cleaned up. Biosurfactants are cheaply available because the substrates used in their production are low cost and readily available. Biosurfactants display an accomplished and well-ordered application in various ways such as food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, petroleum and agricultural industries. This review describes synthetic and biosurfactants classification, mechanism of action and applications. It also focuses on organisms that produce biosurfactants and why they do.
In this age of digitization and automation, the usage of the internet has invaded every part of our lives. It provides a space for wirelessly connected, programmable devices via a network infrastructure, or "internet of things" (IoT). An IoT-based smart home is proposed in this study. The smart house can be controlled manually or automatically thanks to the technology. The relay mode and the mode selector, which can be used to choose the mode, are the two main components of the proposed system. Hardware implementation can be used to test the proposed system effectively. It may be automatically controlled with a virtual switch through an Android app. When the manual mode is selected, the automated mode is turned off, and vice versa.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
4. UJRRA_22_06.pdf
1. UJRRA │Volume 1│Issue 1│Jul-Sep 2022 Page | 28
EVALUATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF BEYLAGAN REGION'S LAND COVER ON THE EXAMPLE
OF 1ST SHAHSEVAN VILLAGE OF BEYLAGAN REGION
*Prof.Dr. Zakir Aliyev
*Department of Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS, AZ1073, Mammad
Rahim, Baku, Azerbaijan
ABSTRACT
It was determined by the research that the object of research was excavated plots of land with a
total area of 1776.99 ha, and their morphological features were described by genetic layers. yes;
Clean pasture-147.58ha; Reed pasture-6.83 ha; Shrub pasture - 4.25 ha; Other lands-942.10 ha;
The area set aside was 7.2 hectares. Based on the results of field research and laboratory analysis,
a soil map was compiled on topographic bases and an explanatory report was written. Professor
R.H.Mammadov's scale was used to determine the granulometric composition of soils here.
Natural-economic features of the area, including geographical position, relief, agro-climatic
elements were studied, soil cover; vegetation. The role of vegetation in the process of soil
formation and formation of soil cover, increase of soil fertility with the formation of organic
matter depends on the density of vegetation, maintenance of normal soil moisture, reduction of
water washing effect, prevention of formation and development of soils and erosion elm,
garatikan shrubs, licorice, birch, thyme, chicory, etc. are widely spread in the area from shrubs,
suitability of the area for use for grain crops; Soil-forming rocks, etc., as well as the great role of
the chemical composition of the parent rock in the process of soil formation have been widely
studied.
Keywords: Soil cover, soil-forming rocks, soil organic composition, field-soil research,
laboratory analysis, gray-meadow, light gray-meadow soils; heavy clay, light clay, etc.
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Name: Dr. Zakir Aliyev
Affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS,
AZ1073, Mammad Rahim, Baku, Azerbaijan
Email: zakirakademik@mail.ru
TMP UNIVERSAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW ARCHIVES
VOLUME 1 │ISSUE 1│YEAR 2022│JUL-SEP 2022
RECEIVED DATE REVISED DATE ACCEPTED DATE
15/06/2022 10/07/2022 15/08/2022
Article Type: Research Article Available online: www.tmp.twistingmemoirs.com ISSN: N/A
2. EVALUATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEYLAGAN REGION'S LAND COVER ON THE
EXAMPLE OF 1ST SHAHSEVAN VILLAGE OF BEYLAGAN REGION
UJRRA │Volume 1│Issue 1│Jul-Sep 2022 Page | 29
INTRODUCTION
With the adoption of the Law “On Land Reform” on August 2, 1996, which is the basis of
agrarian reform, large-scale field land survey work was accelerated in the Republic. Rules of land
survey Prepared in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Decree No. 516 of the
President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated May 4, 2015 on amendments to the Decree of the
President of the Republic of Azerbaijan No. 116 dated May 4, 2015 "On ensuring the activities of
the State Committee for Property Affairs" and other normative legal acts. The research is carried
out by the Cadastre and Land Management Project-Research Center subordinated to the Real
Estate Cadastre and Address Register Service under the State Committee for Property Affairs of
the Republic of Azerbaijan. In accordance with the requirements of the State Program on Socio-
Economic Development of the Regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2014-2018, the
establishment of an electronic land registration system in the Republic, regardless of the type of
ownership, is used to improve the fertility, restoration, protection and use of agricultural lands. is
one of the issues on the agenda now. By the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan
No. 818 dated March 7, 2016 “On additional measures in the field of regulation of land relations
in the Republic of Azerbaijan”, a number of tasks were set before the State Committee for
Property Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan. These include the creation of an electronic land
cadastre information system and the compilation of a digital cadastral map by conducting
electronic registration and mapping of state, municipal and privately owned lands.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The total area of the surveyed area was 2719.09 ha, research work was carried out in 1776.99 ha.
The area is divided into the following natural farms:
Planting 1611.09 ha
Dinc 7.24 ha
Net grazing 147.58 ha
Reed pasture 6.83 ha
Bush pasture 4.25 ha
Other lands 942.10 ha
During the study, soil sections were excavated in the area and morphological features were
described in genetic layers. Soil samples were taken from the excavated sections and analyzed in
the Center's laboratory by the following methods:
1. Hygroscopic moisture - by thermal method
2. Granulometric composition - by Kaczynski's pipette method
3. General humus - by the method of Tyurin
4. Total nitrogen - By calculation
5. Carbonate - With a calcimeter device
6. Absorbed Ca and Mg - by Ivanov method
7. Absorbed Na - by Hedroyts method
8. pH water suspension - with pH meter
9. Full and brief water weight - by Hedroyts method
10. Dry residue - by weight
3. EVALUATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEYLAGAN REGION'S LAND COVER ON THE
EXAMPLE OF 1ST SHAHSEVAN VILLAGE OF BEYLAGAN REGION
UJRRA │Volume 1│Issue 1│Jul-Sep 2022 Page | 30
Thus, based on the results of field research and laboratory analysis, a soil map was prepared on a
topographic basis and a report was written. Archival materials were used in compiling the land
map and writing the report.
Professor RH Mammadov's scale was used to determine the granulometric composition.
Natural conditions
Geographical position. First Shahsevan village Administrative Territorial District of Beylagan
region, State Land Fund in the north, Second Shahsevan village Administrative Territorial District
in the east, Fuzuli district land in the south, Amirzeyidli village Administrative Territorial District
in the south-west, State Land Fund in the west and Mil settlement settlement Administrative
Territorial and Milabad settlement is bordered by the lands of the Administrative Territorial
District. Relief. Relief, as a structure of the earth's surface, is directly involved in the formation of
soil cover as a factor in soil formation.
It plays an important role in changing chemical and biological processes,
hydrothermal regime and microclimate. Thus, the distribution of solar energy and atmospheric
sediments is directly related to relief. The relief of Birinci Shahsevan village consists of sloping
and slightly sloping plains. Climate. Climate is one of the important factors as a factor in soil
formation. Beylagan region is located in the south of Mil plain.
The climate of the area belongs to the type of temperate-hot semi-desert and dry steppes with dry
summers. This type of climate is characterized by very low and low humidity, mild winters and
dry summers.
The average annual air temperature is 14.0oC. The average monthly temperature
in January is 1.8oC, and the average monthly temperature in July is 26.0oC. The average annual
temperature of the soil surface is 18 oC, fluctuating between 2-34 o
C per year.
Table 1: Average monthly and annual information onclimate indicators
Met
eo
st.
nam
e
Climate
indicators
A y l a r
I II III I V V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII illik
The average
temperature of 1.8 3.7 6.9 12.5 19.0 23.3 26.0 25.4 21.1 15.4 9.2 4.2 14.0
B the air, with 0C
81 79 78 73 68 60 58 62 70 76 82 82 72
E Average relative
Y
L
A.
Q
humidity, in%
Precipitation, in
mm
31 28 32 30 28 26 12 12 21 37 30 25 312
A
N
Possible
evaporation, in 25 28 44 68 107 151 180 154 105 64 36 28 990
mm
The average
temperature of 2 5 9 16 25 30 34 32 25 18 10 4 18
the soil surface
Vegetation. Vegetation is a key factor in the process of soil formation and the formation of soil
cover. The increase in soil fertility with the formation of organic matter depends on the density of
vegetation. Maintaining normal soil moisture, reducing the washing effect of water, preventing
the formation and development of the erosion process are closely related to vegetation. In the area
we studied, shrubs include elm, blackberry bushes, and grasses such as licorice, birch, birch,
chicory, etc. spread. The sown areas of the area are used for grain crops.
Soil-forming rocks. Soil-forming rocks affect the granulometric composition,
chemical and mineralogical composition of the soil, causing the formation of soil profile and
4. EVALUATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEYLAGAN REGION'S LAND COVER ON THE
EXAMPLE OF 1ST SHAHSEVAN VILLAGE OF BEYLAGAN REGION
UJRRA │Volume 1│Issue 1│Jul-Sep 2022 Page | 31
genetic layers. The chemical composition of the parent rock plays an important role in the process
of soil formation. The richer the parent rock, the better the quality of the soil formed on it. Thus,
the areas we studied consist of sloping and slightly sloping plains, and the soils are formed on
proluvial sediments.
RESULT
Ground cover
According to the results of field research and laboratory analysis, the following soil types and
subtypes are widespread in the area.
1. Gray - meadow
2. Light gray - meadow
1. Gray-meadow soils
Gray-meadow lands cover 458.01 ha or 16.84% of the total area in the eastern and southern parts
of Birinci Shahsevan village. Depending on what the granulometric composition of these soils and
the thickness of the soil layer; 1) divided into heavy clayey, thick, gray-meadow species.
In order to get acquainted with the characteristic morphological features of the
studied area, we give a field description of section 22 dug in the field south of Garavelli village.
0-23 cm - gray, large topavari, heavy clayey, soft, roots and rhizomes, boils, less moisture,
clear transition.
23-52 cm - light gray, topavari, light clay, low kip, insect tracts, boils, less moisture,
gradual transition
52-94 cm - grayish, topavari, light clay, low kip, and rust stains, boiling moisture, gradual
transition.
94-123 cm - grayish, small topavari, light clay, low kip, white spots, boils, gradual
transition to moisture.
123-165 cm - straw, indistinguishable, light clayey, soft, white spots, boils, damp
It is clear from the morphological description of the section that the color of these soils is gray in
the upper layer, light gray and gray in the middle layer, and straw in the last layer. The structure is
not selected on the top layer of large topavari, topavari and small topavari on the middle layer,
and on the last layer. The granulometric composition is heavy clay in the first layer, light clay in
the other layers. The density varies from soft to soft on the top layer, light to soft on the middle
layer, and soft on the last layer. Roots and rhizomes, insect tracts, rust spots and white spots are
found in new derivatives and nutrients. Hygroscopic humidity is low humidity in the top layer,
less moisture and humidity in the middle layers, and moisture in the last layer. The transitions in
the genetic layers are clear and gradual.
According to the results of laboratory analysis, the granulometric composition of gray-meadow
soils is heavily clayey. However, it is found in light clay in the profile. Thus, the amount of
physical clay in these soils is 45.18-49.08% in the upper layers, 43.36-53.20% in the profile.
The hygroscopic humidity of the main components varies between 4.6-5.7%. The total amount of
humus is 2.09-2.10% in the upper layers and 0.69-2.10% in the one-meter layer. According to the
5. EVALUATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEYLAGAN REGION'S LAND COVER ON THE
EXAMPLE OF 1ST SHAHSEVAN VILLAGE OF BEYLAGAN REGION
UJRRA │Volume 1│Issue 1│Jul-Sep 2022 Page | 32
total humus, the total nitrogen content in the profile is 0.08-0.17%. The pH in the water
suspension is 8.10-8.37 units, which indicates that the soil is alkaline. The total amount of
absorbed bases in gray-meadow soils is 28.50-35.43 mg. The amount of Ca cation is 66.50-
70.18%, Mg cation is 27.19-31.33%, and Na cation is 2.17-2.85% of the total absorbed bases
(Table 2).
Table 2: The amount of bases absorbed in the gray-meadow soils(absolute% in dry land)
Cut
№
Depth
in cm
Winning bases, in mg.ekv
Swallowed
of the basics
in total mg.ekv
From the sum of the wonbases,%-
with
Ca Mg Na Ca Mg Na
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Heavy clayey, thick, gray-meadow
22
0-23 24.00 10.63 0.80 35.43 67.74 30.00 2.26
23-52 21.50 10.13 0.70 32.33 66.50 31.33 2.17
75
0-23 20.75 8.25 0.85 29.85 69.51 27.64 2.85
23-50 20.00 7.75 0.75 28.50 70.18 27.19 2.63
2. Light gray-meadow soils
Light gray-meadow lands cover 1318.98 ha or 48.51% of the total area, spreading in different
parts of Birinci Shahsevan village PPP.
These soils are divided into the following types according to their granulometric composition and
thickness of the soil layer.
1. Light clay, thick, light gray-meadow
2. Heavy clayey, thick, light gray-meadow
In order to get acquainted with the characteristic morphological features of the studied area, we
give a field description of section 16 dug in the field north of Birinci Shahsevan village.
0-21 cm - light gray, lizard, light clay, less kip, roots and rhizomes, boiling, dry, clear
transition.
21-49 cm - light gray, large topavari, light clay, kip, insect tracks, boils, less moisture,
gradual transition
49-88 cm - grayish, topavari, light clay, low kip, rust stains, boils less moisture, the
transition is gradual.
88-120 cm - straw, small clumps, heavy clay, soft, white spots, boils, little moisture
transition gradually.
120-161 cm - straw, indistinguishable, heavy clayey, soft, white spots, boils, gradual
transition to moisture
It is clear from the morphological description of the section that the color of these soils is light
gray in the upper layer, light gray in the middle layers, grayish and straw, and the last layer is
straw. The structure is clustered in the upper layer, large topavari, topavari and small topavari in
the middle layers, and not selected in the last layer. The granulometric composition is light clay in
the first layer, light clay and heavy clay in the middle layers, and heavy clay in the last layer. The
consistency is less kip in the upper layers, less kip in the middle layers, kip and soft, and soft in
the last layer. Roots and rhizomes, insect tracts, rust spots and white spots are found in new
derivatives and nutrients. Hygroscopic moisture is dry in the upper layer, slightly moist in the
6. EVALUATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEYLAGAN REGION'S LAND COVER ON THE
EXAMPLE OF 1ST SHAHSEVAN VILLAGE OF BEYLAGAN REGION
UJRRA │Volume 1│Issue 1│Jul-Sep 2022 Page | 33
middle layers, and moist in the last layer. The transitions in the genetic layers are clear and
gradual.
According to the results of laboratory analysis, the granulometric composition of
light gray-meadow soils is light clayey and heavy clayey. Thus, the amount of physical clay in
these soils is 42.20-45.12% in the upper layers, 40.52-46.08% in the profile.
The hygroscopic humidity of the main components varies between 4.2-4.8%. The amount of total
humus is 1.68-1.93% in the upper layers and 0.69-1.93% in the one-meter layer. According to the
total humus, the total nitrogen content in the profile is 0.08-0.16%. The pH in the water
suspension is 8.28-8.35 units, which indicates that the soils are alkaline. The total amount of
absorbed bases in light gray-meadow soils is 31.90-46.30 mg. The amount of Ca cation is 64.26-
70.22%, Mg cation is 26.69-32.92% and Na cation is 2.63-3.10% of the total absorbed bases
(Table 3).
Table 3: The amount of bases absorbed in light gray-meadow soils(absolute% in dry land)
Cut №
Depth
in cm
Winning bases, in mg.ekv
Swallowed
of the basics
in total mg.ekv
From the sum of the won bases,
%-with
Ca Mg Na Ca Mg Na
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Light clay, thick, light gray-meadow
6
0-25 20.38 10.00 0.90 31.28 65.15 31.97 2.88
25-51 20.13 9.00 0.80 29.93 67.26 30.07 2.67
16
0-21 19.50 8.75 0.90 29.15 66.90 30.02 3.09
21-49 23.00 12.25 1.05 36.30 63.36 33.75 2.89
42
0-24 20.50 8.13 0.85 29.48 69.54 27.58 2.88
24-55 22.25 10.25 0.85 33.35 66.72 30.73 2.55
56
0-21 24.25 9.63 0.80 34.68 69.93 27.77 2.31
21-50 23.00 10.00 0.85 33.85 67.95 29.54 2.51
Heavy clayey, thick, light gray meadow
30
0-23 20.13 8.62 0.95 29.70 67.78 29.02 3.49
23-48 21.63 8.75 1.10 31.48 68.71 27.80 3.20
63
0-25 24.25 9.63 0.70 32.58 74.43 23.42 2.15
25-54 22.00 9.00 0.70 31.70 69.40 28.39 2.21
CONCLUSION
Table 4: Results of complete, brief water absorption and dry residue analysis of non-saline
soils (necessarily on dry land, in% / eq)
Cut
N0
Depth
in cm
Anions Cations Dry
Residue
%-with
CО3 HCО3 CL SО4 Cа Мg
Na +
The
difference
according to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Light clay light gray-meadow (chlorinated-sulfate)
6
0-25
0.043
0.70
0.018
0.50
0.140
2.91
0.022
1.12
0.006
0.50
0.057
2.49
0.295
25-51
0.046
0.75
0.031
0.87
0.170
3.54
0.027
0.50
0.006
0.50
0.076
3.29
0.368
51-93
0.040
0.65
0.027
0.75
0.155
3.23
0.022
1.12
0.008
0.63
0.066
2.88
0.330
12. EVALUATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEYLAGAN REGION'S LAND COVER ON THE
EXAMPLE OF 1ST SHAHSEVAN VILLAGE OF BEYLAGAN REGION
UJRRA │Volume 1│Issue 1│Jul-Sep 2022 Page | 39
25-50
0.043
0.70
0.022
0.62
0.158
3.30
0.475
50-100
0.046
0.75
0.022
0.62
0.184
3.83
0.552
100-150
0.046
0.75
0.013
0.37
0.176
3.66
0.528
66
0-25
0.043
0.70
0.018
0.50
0.177
3.68
0.530
25-50
0.046
0.75
0.013
0.37
0.143
2.98
0.425
50-100
0.046
0.75
0.018
0.50
0.127
2.65
0.382
100-150
0.046
0.75
0.018
0.50
0.117
2.43
0.350
32
0-25 0.425
25-50 0.375
50-100 0.402
33
0-25 0.165
25-50 0.186
50-100 0.175
34
0-25 0.612
25-50 0.528
50-100 0.425
44
0-25 0.365
25-50 0.320
50-100 0.440
46
0-25 0.475
25-50 0.386
50-100 0.245
60
0-25 0.582
25-50 0.500
50-100 0.528
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