The document divides history into periods from Prehistory to the Modern Age in order to better understand societal changes over time. It provides details about several early civilizations including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and was divided into city-states that sometimes formed empires. Egypt was located along the Nile River and was ruled by powerful pharaohs. Ancient Greece consisted of independent city-states that were often at war, while Rome grew from a small city to a large empire that conquered many territories through war.

1. HISTORICAL PERIODS
WHAT DOES HISTORY MEAN?
THE BRANCH OF KNOWLEDGE
THAT STUDIES THE PAST OF
THE HUMAN SOCIETIES
WHY DO WE DIVIDE HISTORY
INTO DIFFERENT PERIODS?
BECAUSE IT IS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND BETTER THE
CHANGES OF THE SOCIETIES AND TO LOCATE THE
DIFFERENT EVENTS

2. PREHISTORY
(5000000 – 3000 B.C.)
ANTIQUITY
(3000 B.C. – 476 A.C.)
MIDDLE AGES
476 A.C. – 1492 A.C.)
EARLY MODERN AGE
1492 A.C. – 1789 A.C.)
MODERN AGE
1789 A.C. – PRESENT DAY

3. THE ART DURING THE
PRHISTORY
PALEOLITHIC PERIOD
SMALL SCULPTURES
CAVE PAINTINGS
NEOLITHIC PERIOD
PAINTINGS
BRONZE AND IRON
AGES
CERAMICS
MEGALITHIC
ARCHITECTURE
JEWELLERY

4. PREHISTORY
CHARACTERISTICS:
• THERE AREN’T ANY WRITTEN SOURCES
• THERE ARE ONLY PHYSICAL SOURCES SUCH AS TOOLS, HUMAN REMAINS OR
PAINTINGS AND SCULPTURES
• IT IS THE LONGEST PERIOD OF THE HISTORY (FROM 5 MILLIONS OF YEARS
AGO TO THE 3000 B.C)
• IT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS DEPENDING ON THE TOOLS AND
THE ECONOMY THAT HUMANS HAD:
• THE STONE AGE: PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC PERIOD
• PEOPLE ONLY HAD STONE AND BONE TOOLS
• DURING THE PALEOTHIC PERIOD, HUMANS WERE HUNTERS AND
NOMADIC PEOPLE
• DURING THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD, HUMANS HAD A PRODUCTIVE
ECONOMY (FARMING) AND THEY SETTLED IN FIXED PLACES
• THE BRONZE AND IRON AGES:
• PEOPLE STARTED TO USE METAL AND SOCIETIES BECAME
MORE COMPLEX

5. ANTIQUITY

6. MESOPOTAMIA
• IT WAS LOCATED ALONG THE RIVERS
TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES

7. MESOPOTAMIA
• THE RULERS OF MESOPOTAMIA WERE KINGS WHO
HAD AN ABSOLUTE POWER
• MESOPOTAMIA WAS DIVIDED INTO MANY CITY
STATES BUT SOMETIMES A CITY CONQUERED THE
REST OF THE CITY CREATING AN EMPIRE

8. MESOPOTAMIA
• WRITING WAS INVENTED IN MESOPOTAMIA AND
THEN THEY EXPORTED THAT TECHNIQUE TO
OTHER CIVILIZATIONS
• THE MESOPOTAMIAN ART WAS VERY IMPORTANT.
ZIGURATS WERE VERY COMMON IN EACH
MESOPOTAMIAN CITY

9. MESOPOTAMIA

10. EGYPT
• IT WAS LOCATED ALONG THE NILE RIVER IN
NORTHERN AFRICA
• THE EGYPTIAN
EMPIRE DID NOT
HAVE CITY STATES
LIKE MESOPOTAMIA,
BUT IT HAD A
POWERFUL EMPIRE
RULED BY PHARAOHS

11. EGYPT
• THE EGYPTIAN SOCIETY ALSO HAD A
STRONG HIERARCHY CONTROLLED BY THE
PHARAOH AND THE PRIESTS

12. EGYPT
• THE EGYPTIAN ART WAS CHARACTERISED
BY TEMPLES AND PYRAMIDS. THOSE WERE
ROYAL TOMBS

13. GREECE
• IT WAS LOCATED IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND THEY COLONISED NEW
LANDS.
• THE ANCIENT GREECE WAS NOT A UNITED STATE.
THERE WERE MANY INDEPENDENT CITY STATES
WHICH WERE NORMALLY ON WAR.

14. GREECE
• THE ANCIENT GREEKS INVENTED THE DEMOCRACY BUT IT
WAS NOT AN EQUAL SOCIETY. WHAT IS MORE, THERE WERE
SLAVES WHO DID NOT HAVE RIGHTS AND FOREIGN PEOPLE
DID NOT HAVE ALL THE RIGHTS.

15. GREECE
• EVEN IF AGRICULTURE WAS THE BASE OF THE
GREEK ECONOMY, THE TRADE WAS VERY
IMPORTANT. FOR THAT REASON THEY SETTLED
DIFFERENT COLONIES THROUGH THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA.
• THEY ALSO INVENTED THE COINS TO MAKE THE
TRADE EASIER

16. ROME
• AT THE BEGINNING, ROME WAS ONLY A SMALL
CITY. HOWEVER, ROME INCREASED ITS SIZE
AND BECAME A BIG REPUBLIC AND THE MOST
POWERFUL EMPIRE OF ITS TIMES LATER.
ROME USUALLY CONQUERED TERRITORIES BY
THE WAR

17. HERITAGE OF THE CLASSICAL
CIVILISATIONS
LATIN

18. HERITAGE OF THE CLASSICAL
CIVILISATIONS
PHILOSOPHY
ARCHITECTURE
SCIENCE
CHRISTIANITY