This document discusses electrostatics and charge. It contains the following key points: 1. Charge is an inherent property of matter that comes in two types: positive and negative. Protons and electrons have equal but opposite charges. 2. The net electric charge of a system must remain constant according to the law of conservation of charge. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract. 3. There are three ways to charge an object: through friction, contact, or induction. Grounding encourages charges to flow to a neutral object like the earth. Polarization is a special form of induction where one side of an object becomes slightly more positive or negative.

1. Electrostatics
 Electrons  Sitting Still
Charge
 inherent property of matter, one of the 7 fundamental units
 only two types of charge, positive & negative
 charge of proton & electron are exactly equal, but
oppositely charged
 Constants
Electrons and Protons are equal in charge

2. Rules for looking at Charges
Law of Conservation of Charge
 the net electric charge of a system must remain constant
Fundamental Rule: Like
charges repel and unlike
charges attract.

3. 3 ways to charge
1. Friction
 charge is transferred due to the
friction of materials in contact. (Since
friction depends on the type of
materials, so does this)
2. Contact  When 2 objects touch, e’s
flow from one to the other
3. Induction  Charging an object without
actually touching it.

4. + -
- + +
+ - - - - - - - - -
- + +
+ -

5. + -
+ -
- - - - - - + -
+ + -
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ - -
+ -
Grounding: encourage charges to
flow to neutral object such as the
earth.
Ground

6. Ground
+
+
+ +
+ - - - - - -
+
+

7. Polarization
Special form of induction
One side of an object is induced
to be slightly more positive
(or negative) than the other
side.
+ + + + + + + + + +++
--
- - - - -- -- - -
+ ++ + + + +
+ +
+ +

8. 4 ways to travel
1. Insulator  e’s don’t flow easily
2. Semiconductor  sometimes conducts,
sometimes insulates
3. Conductors  e’s flow easily
4. Super conductors  substance that has
no resistance when its temp gets close to
absolute zero.

9. Ekectroscope
• Device which detects electric charge:

10. Ekectroscope
• Device which detects electric charge: