4. a. Koch.Robert Koch is the founder of modern bacteriology, he i.pdf
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4. a. Koch. Robert Koch is the founder of modern bacteriology, he is known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease. 5. d. transmission electron microscopy. 6. a. differential stain. 7.d. streptobacilli. Rod shaped bacteria arranged in the form of chains. 8.D. posess a nucleus. Prokaryotic cell lack well developed nucleus. 10.a. prevent phagocytosis. The capsule is considered a virulence factor because it enhances the ability of bacteria to cause disease by preventing bacteria from phagocytosis. The capsule can protect cells from engulfment by eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages. 11.D. production of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration in which energy is produced in the form of ATP is a catabolic process. 12.D. glycolysis. Glycolysis is the common pathway for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 13.b. aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration produces most of the energy as ATP as food gets completely oxidised in this type of respiration. Solution 4. a. Koch. Robert Koch is the founder of modern bacteriology, he is known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease. 5. d. transmission electron microscopy. 6. a. differential stain. 7.d. streptobacilli. Rod shaped bacteria arranged in the form of chains. 8.D. posess a nucleus. Prokaryotic cell lack well developed nucleus. 10.a. prevent phagocytosis. The capsule is considered a virulence factor because it enhances the ability of bacteria to cause disease by preventing bacteria from phagocytosis. The capsule can protect cells from engulfment by eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages. 11.D. production of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration in which energy is produced in the form of ATP is a catabolic process. 12.D. glycolysis. Glycolysis is the common pathway for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 13.b. aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration produces most of the energy as ATP as food gets completely oxidised in this type of respiration..
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D.
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cocci
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cyanobacteria.
B.
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evolved before prokaryotic cells.
B.
appeared about 2.1 billion years ago.
C.
first appeared with tough cell walls.
D.
first appeared as parts of multicellular organisms.
E.
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5 points
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C.
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D.
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E.
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5 points
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C.
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A.
make these animals more desirable to predators.
B.
be a disadvantage for these organisms and lead to their death and fossil formation.
C.
allow the animals to move into different environments easily.
D.
protect the animal from osmotic pressure.
E.
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5 points
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Module 7 OverviewOrigin and Classification of LifeThe origin o.docx
Module 7 Overview
Origin and Classification of Life
The origin of life has been of great debate for centuries. This module will outline the various ideas of how life and Earth itself developed. You will learn the evidence for multiple theories on the origin of life and the evolution of these theories based on new scientific findings.
This module will also focus upon one of the most important achievements of the science of biology: the classification of organisms and the creation of an internationally agreed upon system of nomenclature. Understanding how organisms are classified provides an important basis for any future studies in ecology.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
10A
Describe the evidence used to suggest an extraterrestrial source for life on earth.
10B
State the most probable physical conditions on early Earth and the changes thought to have happened before life could exist.
10C
Differentiate between the concepts of spontaneous generation and biogenesis.
10D
Examine the chemical and physical events that must have occurred to have life originate on Earth.
10E
Describe the different hypotheses for what the first living thing might have been like.
10F
Identify the way in which organisms have caused the atmosphere of the earth to change.
10G
State the order and approximate times for major evolutionary events.
10H
Examine the endosymbiotic theory.
10I
Explain the experimental evidence for the origin of life from organic and inorganic material.
10J
Distinguish between taxonomy and phylogeny.
10K
Describe the kinds of tools used to establish phylogenetic relationships.
10L
Distinguish among viruses, viroids, and prions.
10M
Describe the scientific method for naming organisms.
11A
List and give distinguishing characteristics of the kingdoms within the Domain Eukarya.
11B
Distinguish between Bacteria and Archaea.
11C
Explain the features that differentiate organisms as microbes.
11D
List the basic characteristics of members of the Protista, Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi.
11E
Identify the type of environments in which microorganisms live.
Module 7 Reading Assignment
Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012). Concepts in biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Chapters 19, 20, and 21.
Optional Reading Assignment:
Chapter 22, The Plant Kingdom, and Chapter 23, The Animal Kingdom.
Origin and Classification of Life
Scientists have broken down life into domains of organisms. Scientists believe that at first life, there was first the bacteria domain. The bacteria domain was followed by the archaea domain and finally, the eucarya domain. Domain bacteria and domain archaea remain the same and have not been further broken down. Domain eucarya was further broken down into the plant kingdom, the fungi kingdom, and the animal kingdom.
Organisms live on, in, and within all types of environments. Organisms can be found from pole to pole and everywhere in between. This includ ...
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MICROBIOLOGY.ppt
1. Microbiology has its origins in the 1st century BC when invisible organisms were proposed to cause disease. Key developments included the discovery of bacteria by Van Leeuwenhoek in the 1670s, the development of the compound microscope in 1678, and Spallanzani's experiments in the 1760s proving that microbes cause organic matter to decompose.
2. Major contributors to microbiology included Louis Pasteur, who established that microbes cause fermentation and developed sterilization techniques. Robert Koch introduced methods of pure culture isolation and staining and established his postulates for proving causation of disease. Paul Ehrlich developed chemotherapy through discovery of Salvarsan and proposed theories of immunity.
3
1290b 1 7
1. Microbiology is the study of microbes including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. Key figures who advanced microbiology include Antony van Leeuwenhoek who discovered microbes using microscopes, Louis Pasteur who disproved spontaneous generation through experiments with swan neck flasks, and Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin.
2. Cells are the fundamental unit of life. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells include fungi, plants, animals and have a membrane-bound nucleus. The surface area to volume ratio of cells constrains their size, as larger cells require more membrane surface area for
cell biology
Cell biology is the study of cells, including their structure, function, growth, reproduction, and genetics. A cell is the basic unit of life, composed of protoplasm enclosed within a membrane and containing a nucleus. The development of the cell theory began with early philosophers and microscopists observing plant and animal tissues as being made up of smaller units. In the 19th century, scientists such as Schleiden and Schwann formulated the cell theory stating that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things. The modern cell theory recognizes that all living things are made of cells, cells carry out metabolic functions, cells only arise from preexisting cells, and cells contain hereditary information.
Quiz 1 The Cell.pptx
Schleiden & Schwann were responsible for the second postulate of the Cell Theory that all living things are made of cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was integral to the development of the Cell Theory because he was the first to observe living cells using microscopes he had constructed. Some statements that are considered true include that some living things can exist without cells and that the ability to reproduce does not immediately mean something is a living thing. Viruses are generally considered non-living things.
Chapter 1 assessment cut and paste
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biology. It discusses how biology is the study of life and how all living things derive energy from the sun, are composed of chemicals, and show organization at the cellular level. It also addresses how reproduction ensures the ongoing existence of species and how organisms maintain homeostasis.
Microbiology
This document provides an overview of microbiology and microorganisms. It defines microbiology as the study of microbes and describes several types of microbes including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. The document also discusses the history of microbiology, highlighting early scientists like van Leeuwenhoek, Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteur and their important contributions to proving that spontaneous generation does not occur and that all life arises from preexisting life through biogenesis. It concludes with microbiology becoming firmly established as a science in the late 19th century.
Cell theory By KK Sahu Sir
INTRODUCTION TO CELLS
INTRODUCTION TO CELL THEORY
HISTORY
FORMULATION OF CELL THEORY
CLASSICAL CELL THEORY
DRAWBACKS OF CLASSICAL THEORY
MORDEN CELL THEORY
EXCEPTION OF CELL THEORY
SIGNIFICANCE OF CELL THEORY
HOW HAS THE CELL THEORY BEEN USED
CONCLUSION
1.1 The Beginnings of Microbiology1. • The discovery of mic.docx
1.1 The Beginnings of Microbiology
1. • The discovery of microorganisms
was dependent on observations made with
the microscope
2. • The emergence of experimental
science provided a means to test long held
beliefs and resolve controversies
3. MicroInquiry 1: Experimentation and
Scientifi c Inquiry
1.2 Microorganisms and Disease Transmission
4. • Early epidemiology studies
suggested how diseases could be spread and
be controlled
5. • Resistance to a disease can come
from exposure to and recovery from a mild
form of (or a very similar) disease
1.3 The Classical Golden Age of Microbiology
6. (1854-1914)
7. • The germ theory was based on the
observations that different microorganisms
have distinctive and specifi c roles in nature
8. • Antisepsis and identifi cation of the
cause of animal diseases reinforced the germ
theory
9. • Koch's postulates provided a way to
identify a specifi c microorganism as causing a
specifi c infectious disease
10. • Laboratory science and teamwork
stimulated the discovery of additional
infectious disease agents
11. • Viruses also can cause disease
12. • Many benefi cial bacteria recycle
nutrients in the environment
Cell Structure
and Function
in the Bacteria
and Archaea
4
Our planet has always been in the “Age of Bacteria,” ever since the first
fossils—bacteria of course—were entombed in rocks more than 3 billion
years ago. On any possible, reasonable criterion, bacteria are—and always
have been—the dominant forms of life on Earth.
—Paleontologist Stephen J. Gould (1941–2002)
97
Chapter Preview and Key Concepts
“Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble” is the
refrain repeated several times by the chanting witches in Shakespeare’s
Macbeth (Act IV, Scene 1). This image of a hot, boiling cauldron actu-
ally describes the environment in which many bacterial, and especially
archaeal, species happily grow! For example, some species can be iso-
lated from hot springs or the hot, acidic mud pits of volcanic vents
( FIGURE 4.1 ).
When the eminent evolutionary biologist and geologist Stephen J. Gould
wrote the opening quote of this chapter, he as well as most microbiologists
had no idea that embedded in these “bacteria” was another whole domain
of organisms. Thanks to the pioneering studies of Carl Woese and his col-
leagues, it now is quite evident there are two distinctly different groups of
“prokaryotes”—the Bacteria and the Archaea (see Chapter 3). Many of the
organisms Woese and others studied are organisms that would live a happy
life in a witch’s cauldron because they can grow at high temperatures, produce
methane gas, or survive in extremely acidic and hot environments—a real
cauldron! Termed extremophiles, these members of the domains Bacteria
4.1 Diversity among the Bacteria and Archaea
1. The Bacteria are classified into several
major phyla.
2. The Archaea are currently classified into two
major phyla.
4.2 Cell Shapes and Arran ...
bacteria.ppt
The document discusses bacteria and provides several key details:
- Bacteria were first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 using an early microscope.
- Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch were pioneers in germ theory and demonstrated that bacteria cause disease.
- Bacteria come in a variety of shapes including cocci, bacilli, spirilla, and spirochaetes.
- Their cells contain a membrane and cell wall but generally lack internal structures like organelles.
To insert value X into a B-tree, there are 3 stepsIf there are M .pdf
To insert value X into a B-tree, there are 3 steps:
If there are M nodes after adding X, we say the node has overflowed. To repair this, we split the
node into three parts:
Left:
the first (M-1)/2 values
Middle:
the middle value (position 1+((M-1)/2)
Right:
the last (M-1)/2 values
Notice that Left and Right have just enough values to be made into individual nodes. That\'s
what we do... they become the left and right children of Middle, which we add in the appropriate
place in this node\'s parent.
But what if there is no room in the parent? If it overflows we do the same thing again: split it into
Left-Middle-Right, make Left and Right into new nodes and add Middle (with Left and Right as
its children) to the node above. We continue doing this until no overflow occurs, or until the root
itself overflows. If the root overflows, we split it, as usual, and create a new root node with
Middle as its only value and Left and Right as its children (as usual).
Solution
To insert value X into a B-tree, there are 3 steps:
If there are M nodes after adding X, we say the node has overflowed. To repair this, we split the
node into three parts:
Left:
the first (M-1)/2 values
Middle:
the middle value (position 1+((M-1)/2)
Right:
the last (M-1)/2 values
Notice that Left and Right have just enough values to be made into individual nodes. That\'s
what we do... they become the left and right children of Middle, which we add in the appropriate
place in this node\'s parent.
But what if there is no room in the parent? If it overflows we do the same thing again: split it into
Left-Middle-Right, make Left and Right into new nodes and add Middle (with Left and Right as
its children) to the node above. We continue doing this until no overflow occurs, or until the root
itself overflows. If the root overflows, we split it, as usual, and create a new root node with
Middle as its only value and Left and Right as its children (as usual)..
The physical protection of knowledge, assets and personnel is key to.pdf
The physical protection of knowledge, assets and personnel is key to any security system.
Closely associated with physical security ar the technical security safeguards needed to guard
sure facilities against intelligence assortment or observation and security procedures adopted to
observe and management physical access to facilities and material. Government rules for
{cover|for defense} of classified info cover construction and storage necessities (facilities, locks,
alarms, guards), technical security necessities obligatory on facilities storing classified info
(surveillance countermeasures, TEMPEST, audio attenuation), and procedures moving the
conduct of operations at intervals these facilities (inspections, document management, visit
certification, and badges).
The Commission\'s focus was totally on the domestic setting wherever there\'s the best potential
for value savings, a lower level of threat, and since it lends itself additional without delay to
uniformity than do facilities at overseas locations. Our review was restricted to the protection of
classified info and material. It didn\'t embrace protection of weapons, munitions, or nuclear
devices that ar ruled by separate rules.
Recently there are important policy changes moving physical security at intervals the intelligence
service. However, it seems that cross-program management for physical, technical, and
procedural security countermeasures isn\'t uniform. The relationships with industrial contractors
vary from relatiative compliance inspections to problem-solving recommendation and help.
additionally, several of our physical security policies ar out of date, don\'t seem to be supported
actual threat, conflict with one another, and haven\'t been enforced in an exceedingly uniform
fashion. As a result, the top user is moon-faced with a patchwork of multiple standards,
exaggerated prices as a result of facilities can\'t be shared, and irrational things wherever info
classified at a lower level (Confidential and Secret) is usually additional strictly protected than
our government\'s most sensitive technologies and operations. The large choice of physical,
technical and procedural security necessities obligatory on trade is that the principal concern that
cause the event of the National Industrial Security Program (NISP).
For Confidential and Secret info, the Defense Industrial Security Program needs that contractors
be inspected each six months, that guards physically check safes that hold classified material,
which tight document management audits and inventories be maintained. Director of Central
Intelligence representatives ordinarily examine facilities housing Sensitive compartmentalized
info once each 2 years, need alarms instead of valuable guards, and recently have born strict
document handling necessities.
The Commission seeks to use physical, technical, and procedural security in line with a similar
basic risk management principles suggested throughout this report. Securit.
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Module 7 OverviewOrigin and Classification of LifeThe origin o.docx
Module 7 Overview
Origin and Classification of Life
The origin of life has been of great debate for centuries. This module will outline the various ideas of how life and Earth itself developed. You will learn the evidence for multiple theories on the origin of life and the evolution of these theories based on new scientific findings.
This module will also focus upon one of the most important achievements of the science of biology: the classification of organisms and the creation of an internationally agreed upon system of nomenclature. Understanding how organisms are classified provides an important basis for any future studies in ecology.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
10A
Describe the evidence used to suggest an extraterrestrial source for life on earth.
10B
State the most probable physical conditions on early Earth and the changes thought to have happened before life could exist.
10C
Differentiate between the concepts of spontaneous generation and biogenesis.
10D
Examine the chemical and physical events that must have occurred to have life originate on Earth.
10E
Describe the different hypotheses for what the first living thing might have been like.
10F
Identify the way in which organisms have caused the atmosphere of the earth to change.
10G
State the order and approximate times for major evolutionary events.
10H
Examine the endosymbiotic theory.
10I
Explain the experimental evidence for the origin of life from organic and inorganic material.
10J
Distinguish between taxonomy and phylogeny.
10K
Describe the kinds of tools used to establish phylogenetic relationships.
10L
Distinguish among viruses, viroids, and prions.
10M
Describe the scientific method for naming organisms.
11A
List and give distinguishing characteristics of the kingdoms within the Domain Eukarya.
11B
Distinguish between Bacteria and Archaea.
11C
Explain the features that differentiate organisms as microbes.
11D
List the basic characteristics of members of the Protista, Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi.
11E
Identify the type of environments in which microorganisms live.
Module 7 Reading Assignment
Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012). Concepts in biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Chapters 19, 20, and 21.
Optional Reading Assignment:
Chapter 22, The Plant Kingdom, and Chapter 23, The Animal Kingdom.
Origin and Classification of Life
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MICROBIOLOGY.ppt
1. Microbiology has its origins in the 1st century BC when invisible organisms were proposed to cause disease. Key developments included the discovery of bacteria by Van Leeuwenhoek in the 1670s, the development of the compound microscope in 1678, and Spallanzani's experiments in the 1760s proving that microbes cause organic matter to decompose.
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3
1290b 1 7
1. Microbiology is the study of microbes including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. Key figures who advanced microbiology include Antony van Leeuwenhoek who discovered microbes using microscopes, Louis Pasteur who disproved spontaneous generation through experiments with swan neck flasks, and Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin.
2. Cells are the fundamental unit of life. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells include fungi, plants, animals and have a membrane-bound nucleus. The surface area to volume ratio of cells constrains their size, as larger cells require more membrane surface area for
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INTRODUCTION TO CELLS
INTRODUCTION TO CELL THEORY
HISTORY
FORMULATION OF CELL THEORY
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DRAWBACKS OF CLASSICAL THEORY
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EXCEPTION OF CELL THEORY
SIGNIFICANCE OF CELL THEORY
HOW HAS THE CELL THEORY BEEN USED
CONCLUSION
1.1 The Beginnings of Microbiology1. • The discovery of mic.docx
1.1 The Beginnings of Microbiology
1. • The discovery of microorganisms
was dependent on observations made with
the microscope
2. • The emergence of experimental
science provided a means to test long held
beliefs and resolve controversies
3. MicroInquiry 1: Experimentation and
Scientifi c Inquiry
1.2 Microorganisms and Disease Transmission
4. • Early epidemiology studies
suggested how diseases could be spread and
be controlled
5. • Resistance to a disease can come
from exposure to and recovery from a mild
form of (or a very similar) disease
1.3 The Classical Golden Age of Microbiology
6. (1854-1914)
7. • The germ theory was based on the
observations that different microorganisms
have distinctive and specifi c roles in nature
8. • Antisepsis and identifi cation of the
cause of animal diseases reinforced the germ
theory
9. • Koch's postulates provided a way to
identify a specifi c microorganism as causing a
specifi c infectious disease
10. • Laboratory science and teamwork
stimulated the discovery of additional
infectious disease agents
11. • Viruses also can cause disease
12. • Many benefi cial bacteria recycle
nutrients in the environment
Cell Structure
and Function
in the Bacteria
and Archaea
4
Our planet has always been in the “Age of Bacteria,” ever since the first
fossils—bacteria of course—were entombed in rocks more than 3 billion
years ago. On any possible, reasonable criterion, bacteria are—and always
have been—the dominant forms of life on Earth.
—Paleontologist Stephen J. Gould (1941–2002)
97
Chapter Preview and Key Concepts
“Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble” is the
refrain repeated several times by the chanting witches in Shakespeare’s
Macbeth (Act IV, Scene 1). This image of a hot, boiling cauldron actu-
ally describes the environment in which many bacterial, and especially
archaeal, species happily grow! For example, some species can be iso-
lated from hot springs or the hot, acidic mud pits of volcanic vents
( FIGURE 4.1 ).
When the eminent evolutionary biologist and geologist Stephen J. Gould
wrote the opening quote of this chapter, he as well as most microbiologists
had no idea that embedded in these “bacteria” was another whole domain
of organisms. Thanks to the pioneering studies of Carl Woese and his col-
leagues, it now is quite evident there are two distinctly different groups of
“prokaryotes”—the Bacteria and the Archaea (see Chapter 3). Many of the
organisms Woese and others studied are organisms that would live a happy
life in a witch’s cauldron because they can grow at high temperatures, produce
methane gas, or survive in extremely acidic and hot environments—a real
cauldron! Termed extremophiles, these members of the domains Bacteria
4.1 Diversity among the Bacteria and Archaea
1. The Bacteria are classified into several
major phyla.
2. The Archaea are currently classified into two
major phyla.
4.2 Cell Shapes and Arran ...
bacteria.ppt
The document discusses bacteria and provides several key details:
- Bacteria were first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 using an early microscope.
- Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch were pioneers in germ theory and demonstrated that bacteria cause disease.
- Bacteria come in a variety of shapes including cocci, bacilli, spirilla, and spirochaetes.
- Their cells contain a membrane and cell wall but generally lack internal structures like organelles.
Similar to 4. a. Koch.Robert Koch is the founder of modern bacteriology, he i.pdf (20)
The endosymbiosis theory associated with mitochondria and chloroplast
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Chapter 2 Gram-Negative Bacteria and Gram-Positive Bacteria Gram-negative bac...
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To insert value X into a B-tree, there are 3 stepsIf there are M .pdf
To insert value X into a B-tree, there are 3 steps:
If there are M nodes after adding X, we say the node has overflowed. To repair this, we split the
node into three parts:
Left:
the first (M-1)/2 values
Middle:
the middle value (position 1+((M-1)/2)
Right:
the last (M-1)/2 values
Notice that Left and Right have just enough values to be made into individual nodes. That\'s
what we do... they become the left and right children of Middle, which we add in the appropriate
place in this node\'s parent.
But what if there is no room in the parent? If it overflows we do the same thing again: split it into
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its children) to the node above. We continue doing this until no overflow occurs, or until the root
itself overflows. If the root overflows, we split it, as usual, and create a new root node with
Middle as its only value and Left and Right as its children (as usual).
Solution
To insert value X into a B-tree, there are 3 steps:
If there are M nodes after adding X, we say the node has overflowed. To repair this, we split the
node into three parts:
Left:
the first (M-1)/2 values
Middle:
the middle value (position 1+((M-1)/2)
Right:
the last (M-1)/2 values
Notice that Left and Right have just enough values to be made into individual nodes. That\'s
what we do... they become the left and right children of Middle, which we add in the appropriate
place in this node\'s parent.
But what if there is no room in the parent? If it overflows we do the same thing again: split it into
Left-Middle-Right, make Left and Right into new nodes and add Middle (with Left and Right as
its children) to the node above. We continue doing this until no overflow occurs, or until the root
itself overflows. If the root overflows, we split it, as usual, and create a new root node with
Middle as its only value and Left and Right as its children (as usual)..
The physical protection of knowledge, assets and personnel is key to.pdf
The physical protection of knowledge, assets and personnel is key to any security system.
Closely associated with physical security ar the technical security safeguards needed to guard
sure facilities against intelligence assortment or observation and security procedures adopted to
observe and management physical access to facilities and material. Government rules for
{cover|for defense} of classified info cover construction and storage necessities (facilities, locks,
alarms, guards), technical security necessities obligatory on facilities storing classified info
(surveillance countermeasures, TEMPEST, audio attenuation), and procedures moving the
conduct of operations at intervals these facilities (inspections, document management, visit
certification, and badges).
The Commission\'s focus was totally on the domestic setting wherever there\'s the best potential
for value savings, a lower level of threat, and since it lends itself additional without delay to
uniformity than do facilities at overseas locations. Our review was restricted to the protection of
classified info and material. It didn\'t embrace protection of weapons, munitions, or nuclear
devices that ar ruled by separate rules.
Recently there are important policy changes moving physical security at intervals the intelligence
service. However, it seems that cross-program management for physical, technical, and
procedural security countermeasures isn\'t uniform. The relationships with industrial contractors
vary from relatiative compliance inspections to problem-solving recommendation and help.
additionally, several of our physical security policies ar out of date, don\'t seem to be supported
actual threat, conflict with one another, and haven\'t been enforced in an exceedingly uniform
fashion. As a result, the top user is moon-faced with a patchwork of multiple standards,
exaggerated prices as a result of facilities can\'t be shared, and irrational things wherever info
classified at a lower level (Confidential and Secret) is usually additional strictly protected than
our government\'s most sensitive technologies and operations. The large choice of physical,
technical and procedural security necessities obligatory on trade is that the principal concern that
cause the event of the National Industrial Security Program (NISP).
For Confidential and Secret info, the Defense Industrial Security Program needs that contractors
be inspected each six months, that guards physically check safes that hold classified material,
which tight document management audits and inventories be maintained. Director of Central
Intelligence representatives ordinarily examine facilities housing Sensitive compartmentalized
info once each 2 years, need alarms instead of valuable guards, and recently have born strict
document handling necessities.
The Commission seeks to use physical, technical, and procedural security in line with a similar
basic risk management principles suggested throughout this report. Securit.
The function has 11 zeros , since the degree of function is 11So.pdf
The function has 11 zeros because the degree of the function is 11. The function is of the 11th degree, so it has 11 zeros. The document states that the number of zeros equals the degree of the function.
Purpose of cashflow statements are to analyse the different cashflow.pdf
Purpose of cashflow statements are to analyse the different cashflows generated by the
firm(hospital) into
a) Operating cashflows: The cashflows(inflows/outflows) from operating activities of the
hospital i.e providing services to patients from consulting, scanning, nursing and so on.
b) Financing activities: Inflows/outflows which involve in raising funds to run the hospitals,
meeting debt obligations
c) Investing activities: Involves in where/what assets the hospital is investing into to generate
the required operating cashflows.
The cashflow statements are not only important to the hospitals but generally in US as well to
get a right sense of understanding as to how the cashflows received are actually been utilised in
the business and which cashflows actually do not belong to the daily operations of the business
being run.
Solution
Purpose of cashflow statements are to analyse the different cashflows generated by the
firm(hospital) into
a) Operating cashflows: The cashflows(inflows/outflows) from operating activities of the
hospital i.e providing services to patients from consulting, scanning, nursing and so on.
b) Financing activities: Inflows/outflows which involve in raising funds to run the hospitals,
meeting debt obligations
c) Investing activities: Involves in where/what assets the hospital is investing into to generate
the required operating cashflows.
The cashflow statements are not only important to the hospitals but generally in US as well to
get a right sense of understanding as to how the cashflows received are actually been utilised in
the business and which cashflows actually do not belong to the daily operations of the business
being run..
O,S as they belong to same groupSolutionO,S as they belong to .pdf
This very short document discusses two elements, O and S, that belong to the same group. No other details are provided about the elements or group. The document simply states that O and S belong to the same group without further context or explanation.
Modern Times is one of the greatest movies in the history of film. T.pdf
Modern Times is one of the greatest movies in the history of film. The protogonist clearly
depictts the poverty,struggle after the great depression times and how industrial age destroy the
lives of the small employees. The assembly line of henry ford may have increased productivity
but the employees are merged with the machinery as if they are blind machines.Every where
chaplin go, the situation would be that he has to battle with the crowds for his livelihood or self
respect.
He clearly portrays the pain of being a small cog in the company which exploits its
employees.He shows how america\'s race for automation have made life horrible for the
employees when the company thinks that allowing employees a lunch break is wasting time.
After getting cure from his nervous break down when he attempts to lift a fallen red flag,
communists mistake him for their leader and he was jailed for starting a revolution. My opinion
is that people under severe poverty and pain are waiting for a saviour and are ready to see in all
directions to catch a break from the wretched life.This can give rise to leaders who can
manipulate the crowds for their own benefit as we have seen in the history of the 19th century.
After some scenes, chaplin observes that the best place to land is in jail itself and tries to get
jailed. I saw this as normal person\'s inner thought where if he just stop complaining and stay
calm he can be happy instead of raising his voice and expecting something of the wretched
system which is depicted in the movie. When all said and done the final scene when he says no
matter what we keep being happy and walk into the unknown future hoping for the better then i
think chaplin would like to say that no matter what the situation is a person has to believe in
himself and keep his spirit alive.
The famous dance performance is amazing, he has really sang that song for the movie.It was the
last silent movie of chaplin. The scene shows his acceptence to move into the talkie era from the
silent film era.
The movie is till in 35th rank in imdb and has a hundred percent rating in rotten tomatoes and
still stands as a greatest film ever.
Solution
Modern Times is one of the greatest movies in the history of film. The protogonist clearly
depictts the poverty,struggle after the great depression times and how industrial age destroy the
lives of the small employees. The assembly line of henry ford may have increased productivity
but the employees are merged with the machinery as if they are blind machines.Every where
chaplin go, the situation would be that he has to battle with the crowds for his livelihood or self
respect.
He clearly portrays the pain of being a small cog in the company which exploits its
employees.He shows how america\'s race for automation have made life horrible for the
employees when the company thinks that allowing employees a lunch break is wasting time.
After getting cure from his nervous break down when he attempts to lift a fallen red fl.
Main components of a computerMultimedia devicesOther peripheral .pdf
Main components of a computer
Multimedia devices
Other peripheral devices
1) computer
2) monitor
3) hard disk/ hard drive
4) keyboard
5) mouse / trackball /
touch pad
1) CD-ROM / DVD drive
2) video card
3) soundcard
4) speakers
5) headphones / headset
6) microphone
1) printer
2) scanner
3) CD- burner (CD- recorder,
CD-R/CD-RW drive)
4) modem
5) USB flash drive
6) webcam
7) digital camera
8) digital voice recorder
9) camcorder
Floppy disk working mechanism
Floppy disks work in a similar manner to cassette tapes and the magnetic strip on a credit card.
The floppy disk is constructed of stur plastic that is embedded with a thin iron oxide coating on
both sides. The head of the floppy disk drive easily manipulates the magnetic coating on the disk
to store information. Information is recorded on circular tracks and triangular sections. A special
head in the drive erases the area to be written before recording occurs. This head is wider than
the head used for recording and reading information to ensure recorded information is not
contaminated from previous information recorded nearby.
When reading the disk, the head moves to the appropriate track and sector quickly without
touching the disk. This is an improvement over older cassette tape storage that required a rewind
or fast forward movement to retrieve information. Floppy disks contain a safety slide on the side
of the case. If the slide is moved to create an opening, the drive will not record on the disk.
Introduction
A peripheral is a piece of computer hardware that is added to a computer in order to expand its
abilities. The term peripheral is used to describe those devices that are optional in nature, as
opposed to hardware that is either demanded or always required in principle. There are all
different kinds of peripherals you can add your computer. The main disctinction among
peripherals is the way they are connected to your computer. They can be connected internally or
externally.
Buses
A bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or
between computers. Unlike a point-to-point connection, a bus can logically connect several
peripherals over the same set of wires. Each bus defines its set of connectors to physically plug
devices, cards or cables together. There are two types of buses: internal and external. Internal
buses are connections to various internal components. External buses are connections to various
external components. There are different kinds of slots that internal and external devices can
connect to.
Internal
Types of Slots
There are many different kinds of internal buses, but only a handful of popular ones. Different
computers come with different kinds and number of slots. It is important to know what kind and
number of slots you have on your computer before you go out and by a card that matches up to a
slot you don’t have.
PCI
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is common in modern PCs. This kind of bus is being
succeeded by PCI.
INTRODUCTION TO COAL MINING INDUSTRYEconomic growth world over is .pdf
INTRODUCTION TO COAL MINING INDUSTRY
Economic growth world over is driven by energy, whether in the form of finite resources such as
coal, oil and gas or in renewable forms such as hydroelectric, wind, solar and bio-mass or its
converted form, electricity(power). Increased energy consumption (especially of electricity) is
inevitable with higher GDP growth. Coal was created by the fossilised remains of plants and has
high carbon content. Coal is the world\'s most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel. Coal is
still the primary energy source for several countries world-wide and provides between 25% and
28% of the world\'s primary energy. Worldwide, coal is the main fuel for the generation of
electricity as the price of coal is cheap compared to other fuels. It is also the highest polluting
source of electricity. The other major uses of coal are in the production ofsteel and synthetic
fuels
Top Ten Hard Coal Producers :
China 276 lMt
USA 1007Mt
India 490Mt
Australia 325Mt
Russia 247Mt
Indonesia 246Mt
South Africa 236Mt
Kazakhstan 104Mt
Poland 84Mt
Colombia 79Mt
There are numerous damaging environmental impacts of coal that occur through its mining,
preparation, combustion, waste storage, and transport. This article provides an overview. Each
topic is explored in greater depth in separate articles, as are several related topics:
The introduction of coal mining projects embracing some other socio-economic issues such as
depletion of crop land, pollution of water bodies, increase of landless farmers etc. The rural
residents are entirely dependent on land to sustain their livelihood. But the expansion of mining
activities is not only displacing them from their major sources of livelihood but simultaneously
forcing them to become landless farmers (Hu et al., 2014). This situation forces them to deviate
from their own cultural inheritances as they have emotional and cultural affinity with their
indigenous farmlands (Christison, 2003). However, a minimal development is being taking place
in the economic aspect of project affected people. This can be cited in the fold of infrastructural
developments such as schools, clinics, roads, boreholes and pipe water supply (Appiah &
Buaben, 2012). But the local residents express their dissatisfaction regarding the economic
development which resulted as strikes, road blocks, and destruction of company’s assets (Garvin,
McGee, Smoyer-Tomic, & Aubynn, 2009). Though the mining companies are justifying their
CSR activities, but without the presence of community relations and development (CRD)
functions, they are doing only ‘core business’. But for the successful implementation of
sustainable development agenda, the functional equity needs to be established (Kemp & Owen,
2013). In the aftermath of mining, the authorities are mining companies adopting the
mechanisation process which in turn increased the production and reduced the employment
opportunity of the local residents. In West Virginia, the growing environ.
Include time header file#includetime.hWrite main method like t.pdf
Include time header file
#include
Write main method like this :
int main(){
time_t start_t, end_t;
double diff_t;
time(&start_t); // capturing start time
int n;
printf(\"Enter number of stuents (<=30): \");
scanf(\"%d\", &n);
GradeBook *students = (GradeBook *)malloc(sizeof(GradeBook)*n);
int i,j;
// taking n entries
for(i=0; i
Solution
Include time header file
#include
Write main method like this :
int main(){
time_t start_t, end_t;
double diff_t;
time(&start_t); // capturing start time
int n;
printf(\"Enter number of stuents (<=30): \");
scanf(\"%d\", &n);
GradeBook *students = (GradeBook *)malloc(sizeof(GradeBook)*n);
int i,j;
// taking n entries
for(i=0; i.
import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.Insets;import java.awt.Con.pdf
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JScrollBar;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
/*
*Class Steganography_View
*/
public class Steganography_View extends JFrame
{
//size variables for window
private static int WIDTH = 500;
private static int HEIGHT = 400;
//elements for JPanel
private JTextArea input;
private JScrollBar scroll,scroll2;
private JButton encodeButton,decodeButton;
private JLabel image_input;
//elements for Menu
private JMenu file;
private JMenuItem encode;
private JMenuItem decode;
private JMenuItem exit;
/*
*Constructor for Steganography_View class
*@param name Used to set the title on the JFrame
*/
public Steganography_View(String name)
{
//set the title of the JFrame
super(name);
//Menubar
JMenuBar menu = new JMenuBar();
JMenu file = new JMenu(\"File\"); file.setMnemonic(\'F\');
encode = new JMenuItem(\"Encode\"); encode.setMnemonic(\'E\');
file.add(encode);
decode = new JMenuItem(\"Decode\"); decode.setMnemonic(\'D\');
file.add(decode);
file.addSeparator();
exit = new JMenuItem(\"Exit\"); exit.setMnemonic(\'x\'); file.add(exit);
menu.add(file);
setJMenuBar(menu);
// display rules
setResizable(true);//allow window to be resized: true?false
setBackground(Color.lightGray); /background color of window:
Color(int,int,int) setLocation(100,100); //location on the screen to display
window
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//what to do on close operation: exit,
do_nothing, etc
setSize(WIDTH,HEIGHT); //set the size of the window
setVisible(true); //show the window: true?false
}
/*
*@return The menu item \'Encode\'
*/
public JMenuItem getEncode() { return encode;
}
/*
*@return The menu item \'Decode\'
*/
public JMenuItem getDecode() { return decode;
}
/*
*@return The menu item \'Exit\'
*/
public JMenuItem getExit() { return
exit; }
/*
*@return The TextArea containing the text to encode
*/
public JTextArea getText() { return
input; }
/*
*@return The JLabel containing the image to decode text from
*/
public JLabel getImageInput() { return image_input;
}
/*
*@return The JPanel displaying the Encode View
*/
public JPanel getTextPanel() { return new Text_Panel(); }
/*
*@return The JPanel displaying the Decode View
*/
public JPanel getImagePanel() { return new Image_Panel(); }
/*
*@return The Encode button
*/
public JButton getEButton() { return encodeButton; }
/*
*@return The Decode button
*/
public JButton getDButton() { return decodeButton; }
/*
*Class Text_Panel
*/
private class Text_Panel extends JPanel
{
/*
*Constructor to enter text to be encoded
*/
public Text_Panel()
{
//setup GridBagLayout
GridBagLayout layout = new GridBagLayout();
GridBagConstraints l.
Identify the computer fraud and abuse technique byThis computer f.pdf
Identify the computer fraud and abuse technique by:
This computer fraud and abuse technique is called phishing. Its purpose is to get the information
need to commit identity theft. The perpetrator probably also used brand spoofing of Big Bank’s
web site
Actuvally the problem of This case is based on an actual attack. The solution represents the
actual events of the attack and the hospital\'s response
a. What could the hospital do to stop the attack and contain the damage?
By Monday afternoon, IT figured out which malware the bots were installing and wrote a script,
which was pushed out hourly, directing computers to remove the bad code. The script helped to
slow the bots down a bit.
The problem does not state how the problem was finally fixed. What actually happened is that on
Tuesday the hospital\'s antivirus vendor figured out which malware the hackers had used to get
into the network and wrote a virus signature that blocked new code from coming in. Together
with the code the internal IT staff wrote, the hospital was able to clean up its computers. All of
the infected computers had to have their hard drives wiped clean and their software reinstalled, at
an estimated cost of $150,000.
b. Which computer fraud and abuse technique did the hackers use in their attack on the
hospital?
The primary attack used was a Zero-day attack that exploited a newly found weakness in
Microsoft’s operating system that did not yet have a patch written to correct the weakness. The
perpetrators hacked into the hospital\'s network and used various forms of malware, including
adware (pop-up ads) and worms.
c. What steps should the hospital have taken to prevent the damage caused by the attack?
The hospital\'s network is now protected by Computer Associate\'s Pest Patrol, which blocks
adware and spyware, and Cisco MARS, an intrusion detection system. Northwest\'s I.T. staffers
no longer wait for vendors, particularly Microsoft, to certify software patches before applying
fixes—they evaluate and test patches themselves. In the case of the attack, the Windows flaw
that the attack slipped through had not yet been patched on the hospital\'s PCs. Fortunately, the
hospital\'s servers escaped the attack because they had been patched
Solution
Identify the computer fraud and abuse technique by:
This computer fraud and abuse technique is called phishing. Its purpose is to get the information
need to commit identity theft. The perpetrator probably also used brand spoofing of Big Bank’s
web site
Actuvally the problem of This case is based on an actual attack. The solution represents the
actual events of the attack and the hospital\'s response
a. What could the hospital do to stop the attack and contain the damage?
By Monday afternoon, IT figured out which malware the bots were installing and wrote a script,
which was pushed out hourly, directing computers to remove the bad code. The script helped to
slow the bots down a bit.
The problem does not state how the problem was finally.
Given A fund that starts with a zero balance with time zero. Fund .pdf
Given : A fund that starts with a zero balance with time zero. Fund accumulates with a varying
force of interest.
The formula for the function is given:
A $100,000 is deposited at time 2.
To find: No. of years from the time of deposit for the fund to double.
Solution
:In case of a fixed rate of interest, it gradually decreases in relation to its value as time increases.
The interest on interest is also accumulated.
With the given function, t>0 and deposit is made at time 2. i.e when t=1.
Substitute the value of t in the function, we get,
Del(t)= 2*(1)/((1^2 + 1) =1
No of years for fund to double is 1 year..
Average.javaimport java.util.Scanner;public class Average{ .pdf
// Average.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Average{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
double averageMale = 0, averageFemale = 0;
int countMale = 0, countFemale = 0;
char mf;
double average;
System.out.println(\"How many Students? \");
int n = input.nextInt();
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) {
System.out.println(\"Is Student \" + i + \" male or female? \");
mf = input.next().charAt(0);
if(mf == \'m\'){
countMale++;
System.out.println(\"What is Student\'s \" + i + \"\'s average? \");
average = input.nextDouble();
averageMale = averageMale + average;
}
else{
countFemale++;
System.out.println(\"What is Student\'s \" + i + \"\'s average? \");
average = input.nextDouble();
averageFemale = averageFemale + average;
}
}
System.out.println(\"The \" + countMale + \" male Students average is \" +
averageMale/countMale);
System.out.println(\"The \" + countFemale + \" male Students average is \" +
averageFemale/countFemale);
}
}
/*
output:
How many Students?
5
Is Student 1 male or female?
m
What is Student\'s 1\'s average?
85
Is Student 2 male or female?
m
What is Student\'s 2\'s average?
91
Is Student 3 male or female?
f
What is Student\'s 3\'s average?
95
Is Student 4 male or female?
f
What is Student\'s 4\'s average?
80
Is Student 5 male or female?
m
What is Student\'s 5\'s average?
88
The 3 male Students average is 88.0
The 2 male Students average is 87.5
*/
Solution
// Average.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Average{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
double averageMale = 0, averageFemale = 0;
int countMale = 0, countFemale = 0;
char mf;
double average;
System.out.println(\"How many Students? \");
int n = input.nextInt();
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) {
System.out.println(\"Is Student \" + i + \" male or female? \");
mf = input.next().charAt(0);
if(mf == \'m\'){
countMale++;
System.out.println(\"What is Student\'s \" + i + \"\'s average? \");
average = input.nextDouble();
averageMale = averageMale + average;
}
else{
countFemale++;
System.out.println(\"What is Student\'s \" + i + \"\'s average? \");
average = input.nextDouble();
averageFemale = averageFemale + average;
}
}
System.out.println(\"The \" + countMale + \" male Students average is \" +
averageMale/countMale);
System.out.println(\"The \" + countFemale + \" male Students average is \" +
averageFemale/countFemale);
}
}
/*
output:
How many Students?
5
Is Student 1 male or female?
m
What is Student\'s 1\'s average?
85
Is Student 2 male or female?
m
What is Student\'s 2\'s average?
91
Is Student 3 male or female?
f
What is Student\'s 3\'s average?
95
Is Student 4 male or female?
f
What is Student\'s 4\'s average?
80
Is Student 5 male or female?
m
What is Student\'s 5\'s average?
88
The 3 male Students average is 88.0
The 2 male Students average is 87.5
*/.
Your equation is correct. Double replacement reac.pdf
Your equation is correct. Double replacement reactions don\'t always create a
precipitate. What you should of got was water with a blue green foam on top.
Solution
Your equation is correct. Double replacement reactions don\'t always create a
precipitate. What you should of got was water with a blue green foam on top..
well while idenitfying aldehydeketone u must kee.pdf
well while idenitfying aldehyde/ketone u must keep in mind the melting point and
not the refractive index
Solution
well while idenitfying aldehyde/ketone u must keep in mind the melting point and
not the refractive index.
The short answer is no. The reason why you cant p.pdf
The short answer is no. The reason why you cant predict acid/base properties based
on O/H is because many very strong acids and bases dont contain O or H. That being said the
bronsted-lowry definition of acid and bases says that an acid is a substance that donates protons
and a base is a substance that donates electron. According to that definition there is a very very
weak correlation between having Hs to donate as protons and acid strength and conversely
having Os and being a base (O- ions are a good proton acceptors because they are highly
electronegative). Acids and bases are really better described by their electron donating and
accepting capabilities of the compound as described by the lewis acid/base theory. An acid is
really a compound that accepts electrons and a base is a compound which donates electrons. An
H+ ion then is a compound which readily accepts electrons while O- ions readily donate
electrons. However the H+ and O- ability to donate and accept electrons depends on many
complicated factors of the compound as a whole and even its surrounding environment than just
its quantity of Hs and Os. Try using wikipedia to gain a basic understanding of lewis acids.
Solution
The short answer is no. The reason why you cant predict acid/base properties based
on O/H is because many very strong acids and bases dont contain O or H. That being said the
bronsted-lowry definition of acid and bases says that an acid is a substance that donates protons
and a base is a substance that donates electron. According to that definition there is a very very
weak correlation between having Hs to donate as protons and acid strength and conversely
having Os and being a base (O- ions are a good proton acceptors because they are highly
electronegative). Acids and bases are really better described by their electron donating and
accepting capabilities of the compound as described by the lewis acid/base theory. An acid is
really a compound that accepts electrons and a base is a compound which donates electrons. An
H+ ion then is a compound which readily accepts electrons while O- ions readily donate
electrons. However the H+ and O- ability to donate and accept electrons depends on many
complicated factors of the compound as a whole and even its surrounding environment than just
its quantity of Hs and Os. Try using wikipedia to gain a basic understanding of lewis acids..
Since it gets in equilibrium when dissolved at sa.pdf
Since it gets in equilibrium when dissolved at saturated solution and max dissolved
state is reached
Solution
Since it gets in equilibrium when dissolved at saturated solution and max dissolved
state is reached.
phosphite ion .pdf
This very short document appears to be about the phosphite ion in solution but provides no further details in only 3 words. It states the name of the ion and that it is in solution but gives no other information about its properties, characteristics, or any experimental or analytical results pertaining to the phosphite ion.
First, lets start with naming binary ionic comp.pdf
First, let\'s start with naming binary ionic compounds. A binary ionic compound
has one metal and one nonmetal present in the compound. Let\'s consider my username
(rubidium.chloride) as an example. Rubidium chloride, or RbCl, is a binary ionic compound.
The metal here is Rb (rubidium, group 1A) and the nonmetal is Cl (chlorine, group 7A). When
you name binary ionic compounds, you mention the cation (positively charged ion) first (usually
metals, those elements that appear on the left side of the periodic table have the tendency to form
positively-charged ions). Then mention the anion (negatively charged ion). The cation is
rubidium (Rb). We mention it thus: Rubidium The anion is chlorine. When we write the name
of the anion [alongside with the cation], we drop the ending -ine (or whatever ending it may
have) and replace it with -ide. So chlorine now becomes chlor + ide = chloride. Therefore, the
name of the compound is Rubidium Chloride. When you write the formulas of binary ionic
compounds, you use the criss-cross method. Here\'s how it works: Rubidium has a charge of +1.
Chlorine has a charge of -1. You interchange the charges of both ions. These charges, when
interchanged, become the subscripts of the elements in the compound. Hence, the compound
now looks Rb1Cl1. Since the subscripts are all 1, we can remove them and write the formula as
RbCl. Here\'s another example: Give the formula of the compound magnesium chloride. Mg
has a charge of +2. Chlorine has a charge of -1. When you interchange the respective charges of
magnesium and chlorine, we get the following formula: Mg1Cl2 We simplify this as MgCl2. A
list of the common cations and ions is found at the back page or on the chapter of naming
chemical compounds of your chemistry book. Take time to know them by heart. But what if...
you\'ve got a compound named sodium nitrate. Ok. The formula is NaNO3. How did I know?
Sodium nitrate is an example of a ternary ionic compound. A ternary ionic compound has two or
more elements present in it. In this case, there are 3 (Na, N and O). The naming system of
ternary ionic compounds is the same as that of binary ionic compounds. Let\'s name the
participating ions: Na+ NO3- NO3- is the formula for the polyatomic ion (two or more
elements joined together sharing a common charge; they act as one unit when they combine with
other elements) nitrate. We interchange the charges of sodium and nitrate. Interchanging them
gives us the formula NaNO3 To name this formula, just combine the name of the cation and
anion together. In this case, it is sodium nitrate. What if we have a formula like this? Ba(OH)2
Don\'t worry. This is just barium hydroxide. Let\'s analyze why this came about. The charge of
Ba is +2 and hydroxide (OH-) is -1. When you combine them together by interchanging
subscripts, we get the following: BaOH2 Wait. The formula doesn\'t make sense. H is not the
only atom having two of its kind, but O too. So we put parentheses around hydroxide to i.
dFdy=dFdu dudy +dFdv dvdy =e^(u+v) 0 +e.pdf
dF/dy=dF/du * du/dy +dF/dv *dv/dy =e^(u+v) * 0 +e^(u+v) * x =e^(u+v) * x
Solution
dF/dy=dF/du * du/dy +dF/dv *dv/dy =e^(u+v) * 0 +e^(u+v) * x =e^(u+v) * x.
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