The document discusses the principle of good ordering and its differences from mathematical induction. It states that the principle of good ordering establishes that every non-empty subset of the natural numbers has a smallest element. It then outlines the steps to prove something using this principle: define the set of counterexamples, assume it is non-empty and arrive at a contradiction by finding a smaller element, and conclude the set must be empty. It contrasts this with mathematical induction, which proves a property holds for all natural numbers by showing it is true for 1 and that if true for n then it is true for n+1.
Logicians sometimes talk about sentences being “true but unprovable." What does this mean? This presentation includes a fairly thorough introduction to mathematical logic.
Discrete Mathematics - Sets. ... He had defined a set as a collection of definite and distinguishable objects selected by the means of certain rules or description. Set theory forms the basis of several other fields of study like counting theory, relations, graph theory and finite state machines.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
4
1. a) 𝟏(𝟏!) + 𝟐(𝟐!) + ⋯+ 𝒏 (𝒏!) = (𝒏 + 𝟏)! − 𝟏, ∀ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵
1. 𝑛 = 1
1 = 2 − 1 = 1
2. 𝑛 = 𝑚
1 ∙ 1! + 2 ∙ 2! + ⋯+ (𝑚)(𝑚!) = (𝑚 + 1) − 1
3. 𝑛 = 𝑚 + 1
1 ∙ 1! + 2 ∙ 2! + ⋯+ (𝑚)(𝑚!) + (𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 + 1)!
= (𝑚 + 1)! + (𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 + 1)! − 1
= (𝑚 + 1)! (𝑚 + 2) − 1 = (𝑚 + 2)! − 1
Q.E.D
1. Menciona las características del principio del buen orden.
El principio del buen orden establece que todo conjunto puede ser bien ordenado.
Un conjunto X está bien ordenado por un orden estricto si todo subconjunto no
vacío de X tiene un elemento mínimo bajo dicho orden.
Es decir:
Todo subconjunto no vacío 𝐴 de ℕ, tiene un elemento que es más pequeño que
cualquier otro elemento de 𝐴.
Para realizar una demostración bajo el principio del buen orden debemos seguir
los siguientes pasos:
1. Definir el conjunto de contraejemplos
2. Suponer que este es no vacío y llegar a una contradicción
3. Por el principio del buen orden, existe un menor elemento 𝑐 ∈ 𝐶.
4. Llegar a una contradicción. Usualmente la contradicción será que existe un
elemento menor a 𝑐 y que pertenece a 𝐶.
5. Concluir que C tiene que ser el vacío y por lo tanto la proposición es
verdadera.
2. 2. Cuáles son las diferencias con el método de inducción matemática
El principio de buen orden establece que un conjunto dado A bajo una cierta relación
R, tiene un elemento mínimo, por lo tanto, este principio sirve para probar toda
cadena descendente de elementos de A bajo R. También suele ser utilizado para
proceder por contradicción suponiendo que un subconjunto de A tiene un mínimo y
luego se encuentra una elemento más pequeño para llegar a la contradicción.
Por su parte, el principio de inducción matemática es un método de demostración
que sirve para probar que si una propiedad de un conjunto de números naturales (o
enteros en su caso) funciona para el primer elemento de ese conjunto, entonces
puede funcionar para un n-elemento.