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a) 𝟏(𝟏!) + 𝟐(𝟐!) + ⋯+ 𝒏 (𝒏!) = (𝒏 + 𝟏)! − 𝟏, ∀ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵
1. 𝑛 = 1
1 = 2 − 1 = 1
2. 𝑛 = 𝑚
1 ∙ 1! + 2 ∙ 2! + ⋯+ (𝑚)(𝑚!) = (𝑚 + 1) − 1
3. 𝑛 = 𝑚 + 1
1 ∙ 1! + 2 ∙ 2! + ⋯+ (𝑚)(𝑚!) + (𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 + 1)!
= (𝑚 + 1)! + (𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 + 1)! − 1
= (𝑚 + 1)! (𝑚 + 2) − 1 = (𝑚 + 2)! − 1
Q.E.D
1. Menciona las características del principio del buen orden.
El principio del buen orden establece que todo conjunto puede ser bien ordenado.
Un conjunto X está bien ordenado por un orden estricto si todo subconjunto no
vacío de X tiene un elemento mínimo bajo dicho orden.
Es decir:
Todo subconjunto no vacío 𝐴 de ℕ, tiene un elemento que es más pequeño que
cualquier otro elemento de 𝐴.
Para realizar una demostración bajo el principio del buen orden debemos seguir
los siguientes pasos:
1. Definir el conjunto de contraejemplos
2. Suponer que este es no vacío y llegar a una contradicción
3. Por el principio del buen orden, existe un menor elemento 𝑐 ∈ 𝐶.
4. Llegar a una contradicción. Usualmente la contradicción será que existe un
elemento menor a 𝑐 y que pertenece a 𝐶.
5. Concluir que C tiene que ser el vacío y por lo tanto la proposición es
verdadera.
2. Cuáles son las diferencias con el método de inducción matemática
El principio de buen orden establece que un conjunto dado A bajo una cierta relación
R, tiene un elemento mínimo, por lo tanto, este principio sirve para probar toda
cadena descendente de elementos de A bajo R. También suele ser utilizado para
proceder por contradicción suponiendo que un subconjunto de A tiene un mínimo y
luego se encuentra una elemento más pequeño para llegar a la contradicción.
Por su parte, el principio de inducción matemática es un método de demostración
que sirve para probar que si una propiedad de un conjunto de números naturales (o
enteros en su caso) funciona para el primer elemento de ese conjunto, entonces
puede funcionar para un n-elemento.

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Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
 

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  • 1. a) 𝟏(𝟏!) + 𝟐(𝟐!) + ⋯+ 𝒏 (𝒏!) = (𝒏 + 𝟏)! − 𝟏, ∀ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵 1. 𝑛 = 1 1 = 2 − 1 = 1 2. 𝑛 = 𝑚 1 ∙ 1! + 2 ∙ 2! + ⋯+ (𝑚)(𝑚!) = (𝑚 + 1) − 1 3. 𝑛 = 𝑚 + 1 1 ∙ 1! + 2 ∙ 2! + ⋯+ (𝑚)(𝑚!) + (𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 + 1)! = (𝑚 + 1)! + (𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 + 1)! − 1 = (𝑚 + 1)! (𝑚 + 2) − 1 = (𝑚 + 2)! − 1 Q.E.D 1. Menciona las características del principio del buen orden. El principio del buen orden establece que todo conjunto puede ser bien ordenado. Un conjunto X está bien ordenado por un orden estricto si todo subconjunto no vacío de X tiene un elemento mínimo bajo dicho orden. Es decir: Todo subconjunto no vacío 𝐴 de ℕ, tiene un elemento que es más pequeño que cualquier otro elemento de 𝐴. Para realizar una demostración bajo el principio del buen orden debemos seguir los siguientes pasos: 1. Definir el conjunto de contraejemplos 2. Suponer que este es no vacío y llegar a una contradicción 3. Por el principio del buen orden, existe un menor elemento 𝑐 ∈ 𝐶. 4. Llegar a una contradicción. Usualmente la contradicción será que existe un elemento menor a 𝑐 y que pertenece a 𝐶. 5. Concluir que C tiene que ser el vacío y por lo tanto la proposición es verdadera.
  • 2. 2. Cuáles son las diferencias con el método de inducción matemática El principio de buen orden establece que un conjunto dado A bajo una cierta relación R, tiene un elemento mínimo, por lo tanto, este principio sirve para probar toda cadena descendente de elementos de A bajo R. También suele ser utilizado para proceder por contradicción suponiendo que un subconjunto de A tiene un mínimo y luego se encuentra una elemento más pequeño para llegar a la contradicción. Por su parte, el principio de inducción matemática es un método de demostración que sirve para probar que si una propiedad de un conjunto de números naturales (o enteros en su caso) funciona para el primer elemento de ese conjunto, entonces puede funcionar para un n-elemento.