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3.Watershed-it is the total area of a region which contribute to the same outlet runoff or the entire geographical area drained by river and its tributaries. The flow stream will be contributed from highest elevation point of the region to the outlet runoff. 4 .A grab sample is a sampling technique which is a single sample or measurement taken at a specific time or over a short period as feasible. Grab sample provides an immediate sample and are thus preferred for some tests. It is also known as catch sample or individual sample. Composite sample is sample whereby multiple samples are combined, thoroughly homogenised and treated as single sample. 5.Alkalinity-it refers to capability of water to neutralise acid. The alkalinity can be due to presence of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxides etc in the solution. Alkalinity is important for fish and aquatic life because it protects or buffer against rapid Ph change. Also alkalinity neutralises acidity in our body which is root cause of inflammation or disease in the body. Solution 3.Watershed-it is the total area of a region which contribute to the same outlet runoff or the entire geographical area drained by river and its tributaries. The flow stream will be contributed from highest elevation point of the region to the outlet runoff. 4 .A grab sample is a sampling technique which is a single sample or measurement taken at a specific time or over a short period as feasible. Grab sample provides an immediate sample and are thus preferred for some tests. It is also known as catch sample or individual sample. Composite sample is sample whereby multiple samples are combined, thoroughly homogenised and treated as single sample. 5.Alkalinity-it refers to capability of water to neutralise acid. The alkalinity can be due to presence of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxides etc in the solution. Alkalinity is important for fish and aquatic life because it protects or buffer against rapid Ph change. Also alkalinity neutralises acidity in our body which is root cause of inflammation or disease in the body..
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WHAT’S IN YOUR WATERPreviousNextWe take for granted the water.docx
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We take for granted the water we use to brush our teeth, wash our clothes and keep our lawns green. However, water is an extremely limited resource on the planet and we need to conserve and protect it from pollution. Today you will learn how the levels of chemicals (natural and added) are measured in different sources of water and learn whether they are a danger to your health.
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You will want to look at electronegativity differ.pdf
You will want to look at electronegativity differences between elements in a
molecule. Ionic bonds will only occur when the difference of electronegativity for the bonding
elemets is high, such as Sodium (very low electronegativity) and Chlorine (very high
electronegativity). Depending on which chemistry you are taking, you could even go as simple is
ionic bonding occurs only when bonding elements on different sides of the periodic table.
Phosphorous and Antimony are fairly close to Chlorine, and thus will form a covalent bond. To
find out whether it is polar or non-polar, you must look closer into the difference of
electronegativity in the entire molecule, but for this example, just take a quick glance at a Lewis
Dot Diagram. If the molecule is symmetric (like most organic chemicals), the molecule is non-
polar (like most organic chemicals). If the molecule is not symmetric, it will be polar, like water.
Solution
You will want to look at electronegativity differences between elements in a
molecule. Ionic bonds will only occur when the difference of electronegativity for the bonding
elemets is high, such as Sodium (very low electronegativity) and Chlorine (very high
electronegativity). Depending on which chemistry you are taking, you could even go as simple is
ionic bonding occurs only when bonding elements on different sides of the periodic table.
Phosphorous and Antimony are fairly close to Chlorine, and thus will form a covalent bond. To
find out whether it is polar or non-polar, you must look closer into the difference of
electronegativity in the entire molecule, but for this example, just take a quick glance at a Lewis
Dot Diagram. If the molecule is symmetric (like most organic chemicals), the molecule is non-
polar (like most organic chemicals). If the molecule is not symmetric, it will be polar, like water..
Well 1-Heptanol is a straight chained 7 carbon mo.pdf
Well 1-Heptanol is a straight chained 7 carbon molecule with an OHgroup attached
to one end, to state the obvious. Because 1-Heptanol is longer than Ethanol, the Oxygen does
not havemuch of an effect on the electron distribution at the far end ofthe molecule. Conversely,
Ethanol has two carbons attached toan OH group. The electrons around those two carbons
aregreatly affected by the OH group. So if you made a map of polarity of each of these
molecules, theentire Ethanol molecule would likely be affected by the OHgroup. In 1-Heptanol,
the polarity would be concentrated nearthe OH group, but the other end of the molecule would
likely beunaffected by the presence of the OH group. Therefore theEthanol molecule is more
polar, because the entire molecule\'selectron density is affected. Does this make sense? If you
have any questions about myexplanation or you want clarification please ask.
Solution
Well 1-Heptanol is a straight chained 7 carbon molecule with an OHgroup attached
to one end, to state the obvious. Because 1-Heptanol is longer than Ethanol, the Oxygen does
not havemuch of an effect on the electron distribution at the far end ofthe molecule. Conversely,
Ethanol has two carbons attached toan OH group. The electrons around those two carbons
aregreatly affected by the OH group. So if you made a map of polarity of each of these
molecules, theentire Ethanol molecule would likely be affected by the OHgroup. In 1-Heptanol,
the polarity would be concentrated nearthe OH group, but the other end of the molecule would
likely beunaffected by the presence of the OH group. Therefore theEthanol molecule is more
polar, because the entire molecule\'selectron density is affected. Does this make sense? If you
have any questions about myexplanation or you want clarification please ask..
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it describes the distribution and straitification of maine ecosystem
Student Research Poster - NK_CSK_v2
The study examined how different concentrations of arsenic exposure affected the feeding habits of hermit crabs. The hypothesis was that hermit crabs exposed to arsenic would retain more arsenic in their tissues and consume less food in a feeding test compared to a control group. The results found that hermit crabs exposed to arsenic absorbed 261% more arsenic and consumed 92.33% less food than the control group. This suggests that arsenic exposure impaired the hermit crabs' feeding abilities and could negatively impact the marine ecosystem by decreasing the health of organisms and disrupting the food chain.
Kinetics project poster
This experiment aimed to determine the minimum amount of phosphorus needed to support algal growth and the residual phosphorus remaining after growth. Five reactors with varying concentrations of phosphorus from 0-100% of the standard amount were inoculated with marine algae. Little growth was observed due to the algae being marine species in freshwater media. The wrong type of algae was used, invalidating the use of the Lineweaver-Burk model to analyze phosphorus utilization and algal growth kinetics. Ultimately, the experimental goals were not achieved due to inadvertent use of marine algae rather than freshwater algae.
DIARRHEA.pdf
This document discusses diarrhea, including its definition, types, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, management, and treatment. It defines diarrhea and describes the various types based on duration and clinical presentation. The main causes are infections from bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, certain drugs, dietary factors, and surgical conditions. Management involves treating dehydration and fluid/electrolyte losses orally or intravenously. Drug therapy includes antimicrobials for specific infections, probiotics, and nonspecific antidiarrheal medications.
Tamizhazhagan.4
This document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical parameters and diatom populations in two freshwater ponds in Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality parameters like pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and salinity were measured monthly at both a natural pond and a culture pond to understand how these factors influence diatom communities. Diatom samples were collected and processed using hydrogen peroxide to isolate the silica frustules for identification. The study aims to provide baseline data on the aquatic ecosystem balance in these ponds and support future research.
Sulphate and Hardness_Elphick et al_ET&C
This document presents the results of a study evaluating the chronic toxicity of sulfate in various aquatic organisms. A variety of test species, including invertebrates, fish, algae, moss, and an amphibian, were exposed to sulfate under different water hardness conditions. The results show that sulfate toxicity decreases with increasing water hardness. Based on these findings, the authors calculated water quality guidelines for sulfate separately for soft, moderately hard, and hard water. The guidelines ranged from 75 to 725 mg/L sulfate depending on the water hardness and calculation method. The study provides a robust dataset that can be used to establish scientifically defensible sulfate guidelines that account for the modifying effect of water hardness.
Similar to 3.Watershed-it is the total area of a region which contribute to the.pdf (20)
Lactate Acid Concentration During Hypoxia in Crabs In
Lactate Acid Concentration During Hypoxia in Crabs In
More from annikasarees
You will want to look at electronegativity differ.pdf
You will want to look at electronegativity differences between elements in a
molecule. Ionic bonds will only occur when the difference of electronegativity for the bonding
elemets is high, such as Sodium (very low electronegativity) and Chlorine (very high
electronegativity). Depending on which chemistry you are taking, you could even go as simple is
ionic bonding occurs only when bonding elements on different sides of the periodic table.
Phosphorous and Antimony are fairly close to Chlorine, and thus will form a covalent bond. To
find out whether it is polar or non-polar, you must look closer into the difference of
electronegativity in the entire molecule, but for this example, just take a quick glance at a Lewis
Dot Diagram. If the molecule is symmetric (like most organic chemicals), the molecule is non-
polar (like most organic chemicals). If the molecule is not symmetric, it will be polar, like water.
Solution
You will want to look at electronegativity differences between elements in a
molecule. Ionic bonds will only occur when the difference of electronegativity for the bonding
elemets is high, such as Sodium (very low electronegativity) and Chlorine (very high
electronegativity). Depending on which chemistry you are taking, you could even go as simple is
ionic bonding occurs only when bonding elements on different sides of the periodic table.
Phosphorous and Antimony are fairly close to Chlorine, and thus will form a covalent bond. To
find out whether it is polar or non-polar, you must look closer into the difference of
electronegativity in the entire molecule, but for this example, just take a quick glance at a Lewis
Dot Diagram. If the molecule is symmetric (like most organic chemicals), the molecule is non-
polar (like most organic chemicals). If the molecule is not symmetric, it will be polar, like water..
Well 1-Heptanol is a straight chained 7 carbon mo.pdf
Well 1-Heptanol is a straight chained 7 carbon molecule with an OHgroup attached
to one end, to state the obvious. Because 1-Heptanol is longer than Ethanol, the Oxygen does
not havemuch of an effect on the electron distribution at the far end ofthe molecule. Conversely,
Ethanol has two carbons attached toan OH group. The electrons around those two carbons
aregreatly affected by the OH group. So if you made a map of polarity of each of these
molecules, theentire Ethanol molecule would likely be affected by the OHgroup. In 1-Heptanol,
the polarity would be concentrated nearthe OH group, but the other end of the molecule would
likely beunaffected by the presence of the OH group. Therefore theEthanol molecule is more
polar, because the entire molecule\'selectron density is affected. Does this make sense? If you
have any questions about myexplanation or you want clarification please ask.
Solution
Well 1-Heptanol is a straight chained 7 carbon molecule with an OHgroup attached
to one end, to state the obvious. Because 1-Heptanol is longer than Ethanol, the Oxygen does
not havemuch of an effect on the electron distribution at the far end ofthe molecule. Conversely,
Ethanol has two carbons attached toan OH group. The electrons around those two carbons
aregreatly affected by the OH group. So if you made a map of polarity of each of these
molecules, theentire Ethanol molecule would likely be affected by the OHgroup. In 1-Heptanol,
the polarity would be concentrated nearthe OH group, but the other end of the molecule would
likely beunaffected by the presence of the OH group. Therefore theEthanol molecule is more
polar, because the entire molecule\'selectron density is affected. Does this make sense? If you
have any questions about myexplanation or you want clarification please ask..
The rings cannot attach to each other on C atoms .pdf
The rings cannot attach to each other on C atoms in the ring. So the middle CH2 is
assumed present unless otherwise mentioned
Solution
The rings cannot attach to each other on C atoms in the ring. So the middle CH2 is
assumed present unless otherwise mentioned.
Waters bent structure leads to its polar nature.pdf
Water\'s bent structure leads to its polar nature, which is the cause for most of its
unique properties. It the molecule were straight, it would not be polar and this would be quite
disruptive. Water would no longer be strongly attracted to itself or other polar molecules. So
water would no longer have surface tension. Insects which walk on water would fall through.
Water would have a far lower boiling point, so it would evaporate much more easily. Also,
boiling water would no longer be hot enough to cook food. The hydrogen bonding character of
water would change, resulting in that ice would no longer be less dense than liquid water, and
therefore ice would sink to the bottom of bodies of water. Most disastrous would be the effect on
living things. Water would no longer be a solvent and so anything which is dissolved in water in
animal\'s bodies would come out of solution. Ions and electrolytes would come out of the water
and clump up in the body. Without water to dissolve things, the blood could no longer carry
certain essential chemicals to the cells, nor could it carry certain toxic wastes away from cells.
Cellular metabolism would soon cease to function and life as we know it would for the most part
cease. ===================== If water were a linear molecule, would it still be polar? 1
Yes No .Would the water molecules still be able to form hydrogen bonds with one another? 2
Yes No . ANsWER Answer Details 1. no 2. yes. note: if the water molecule is linear, the net
dipole moment is zero. thus, it is not polar. However, the O-H bond is still polar due to the
different electronegativity of O and H atoms. Thus, the H---O-H hydrogen bonds still exist.
Solution
Water\'s bent structure leads to its polar nature, which is the cause for most of its
unique properties. It the molecule were straight, it would not be polar and this would be quite
disruptive. Water would no longer be strongly attracted to itself or other polar molecules. So
water would no longer have surface tension. Insects which walk on water would fall through.
Water would have a far lower boiling point, so it would evaporate much more easily. Also,
boiling water would no longer be hot enough to cook food. The hydrogen bonding character of
water would change, resulting in that ice would no longer be less dense than liquid water, and
therefore ice would sink to the bottom of bodies of water. Most disastrous would be the effect on
living things. Water would no longer be a solvent and so anything which is dissolved in water in
animal\'s bodies would come out of solution. Ions and electrolytes would come out of the water
and clump up in the body. Without water to dissolve things, the blood could no longer carry
certain essential chemicals to the cells, nor could it carry certain toxic wastes away from cells.
Cellular metabolism would soon cease to function and life as we know it would for the most part
cease. ===================== If water were a linear molecule, would it still be pol.
The given set of values cannot be represented as .pdf
The given set of values cannot be represented as a combination of one another.
There they are linearly independent,
Solution
The given set of values cannot be represented as a combination of one another.
There they are linearly independent,.
Solution containing HCN and NaCN in ions form as .pdf
Solution
containing HCN and NaCN in ions form as HCN(aq), H3O+(aq) ,CN- (aq) and Na+ (aq) when
adding acid H3O+ (of acid) + CN- <--> HCN + H2O When adding base OH- + H3O+ --> 2H2O.
moles = molarity x volume = 6 molL x (51000) L .pdf
moles = molarity x volume = 6 mol/L x (5/1000) L = 0.03 mol
Solution
moles = molarity x volume = 6 mol/L x (5/1000) L = 0.03 mol.
Molarity = moles volume(liter) Moles = molarity.pdf
Molarity = moles/ volume(liter) Moles = molarity * volume Moles of Ba(OH)2 =
0.800M * (165/1000) L = 0.132 mol Ba(OH)2
Solution
Molarity = moles/ volume(liter) Moles = molarity * volume Moles of Ba(OH)2 =
0.800M * (165/1000) L = 0.132 mol Ba(OH)2.
lone pairs of electrons also occupy the orbitals .pdf
lone pairs of electrons also occupy the orbitals in the valence shell of an atom in a
molecule. Thus, it affect the hybridization of an atom and the geometry of the molecule.
Solution
lone pairs of electrons also occupy the orbitals in the valence shell of an atom in a
molecule. Thus, it affect the hybridization of an atom and the geometry of the molecule..
What is the relationship between Accounting and an Accounting inform.pdf
What is the relationship between Accounting and an Accounting information system? (2.5
Marks)
Accounting-Methods, procedures, and standards followed in accumulating, classifying,
recording, and reporting business events and transactions. The accounting system includes the
formal records and original source data. Regulatory requirements may exist on how a particular
accounting system is to be maintained (e.g., insurance company).
Accounting Information System-Subsystem of a Management Information System (MIS) that
processes financial transactions to provide (1) internal reporting to managers for use in planning
and controlling current and future operations and for nonroutine decision making; (2) external
reporting to outside parties such as to stockholders, creditors, and government agencies.
• What has happened to the relationship over the years? (2.5 Marks)
Accounting and Information technology are two terms which are the used in every business .
Because both are needed for effective working of a corporate or company. It is the need of time
that we should understand the relationship between Accounting and Information Technology .
Accounting is related recording and utilisation of recorded data . Information technology is
scientific , technological , engineering disciplines and management technique used in
information handling and processing , their application , computers and their interaction with
men and machines and associated , economical and cultural matters . In Simple wording IT is
that technique which and get and utilize the information with effective and efficient way.
Now , we are ready for giving the relationship between Accounting And Information
technology.
Both are related to get information and utilization of that information . So both are
interconnected with each other . If our specialize of both area merge both system with scientific
and technical way , then they easily overcome the different problems due to lack of correct and
adequate information related to business.
• What is accounting information? (1 marks)
Accounting information can be classified into two categories: financial accounting or public
information and managerial accounting or private information. Financial accounting includes
information disseminated to parties that are not part of the enterprise proper—stockholders,
creditors, customers, suppliers, regulatory commissions, financial analysts, and trade
associations—although the information is also of interest to the company\'s officers and
managers. Such information relates to the financial position, liquidity (that is, ability to convert
to cash), and profitability of an enterprise.
Managerial accounting deals with cost-profit-volume relationships, efficiency and productivity,
planning and control, pricing decisions, capital budgeting, and similar matters. This information
is not generally disseminated outside the company. Whereas the general-purpose financial
statements of financial accounting are assumed.
Yes,all macromolecule are passed from nuclear pore envelope to cytop.pdf
Yes,all macromolecule are passed from nuclear pore envelope to cytoplasmic
compartments(including ER).Transport of macromolecules between the nuclear and cytoplasmic
compartments occurs through nuclear pore complexes that span the double membrane of this
envelope.
Solution
Yes,all macromolecule are passed from nuclear pore envelope to cytoplasmic
compartments(including ER).Transport of macromolecules between the nuclear and cytoplasmic
compartments occurs through nuclear pore complexes that span the double membrane of this
envelope..
The transport of sodium ions and glucose into the cell is through sy.pdf
The transport of sodium ions and glucose into the cell is through symnport. For every two
sodium ions transported into cell, one glucose is also transported in the same direction. The
concentration gradient of sodium is used to transport glucose into the cell, against its own
concentration gradient (that is, irrespective of the concentration of glucose). This is why, though
the glucose concentration inside the cell is higher compared to the cell exterior, glucose is
transported inside.
In the given experiment, the concentration of sodium ions inside the cell is initially low or very
less. There is a large concentration gradient of Na+ ions, due to which they are transported into
the cell easily. Glucose is also transported along with, without any hindrance. When equilibrium
is attained between the cell exterior and the cell interior with respect to sodium ions, there is no
net movement of ions into the cell. Therefore, symport of glucose is stopped.
When the concentration of extracellular Na+ ions increases, the concentration gradient also
increases as a result of which there is high net movement of Na+ ions into the cells. The cells
reaches equilibrium quickly, and this is why the plateau is reached.
B. Leaky channels allow leaking of Na+ and K+ ions to leak down their concentration gradient.
Therefore, apart from Na+ K+ pump, the channels also transport the ions, without transporting
glucose. Therefore, less glucose enters the cells, the cells reach equilibrium quickly.
Solution
The transport of sodium ions and glucose into the cell is through symnport. For every two
sodium ions transported into cell, one glucose is also transported in the same direction. The
concentration gradient of sodium is used to transport glucose into the cell, against its own
concentration gradient (that is, irrespective of the concentration of glucose). This is why, though
the glucose concentration inside the cell is higher compared to the cell exterior, glucose is
transported inside.
In the given experiment, the concentration of sodium ions inside the cell is initially low or very
less. There is a large concentration gradient of Na+ ions, due to which they are transported into
the cell easily. Glucose is also transported along with, without any hindrance. When equilibrium
is attained between the cell exterior and the cell interior with respect to sodium ions, there is no
net movement of ions into the cell. Therefore, symport of glucose is stopped.
When the concentration of extracellular Na+ ions increases, the concentration gradient also
increases as a result of which there is high net movement of Na+ ions into the cells. The cells
reaches equilibrium quickly, and this is why the plateau is reached.
B. Leaky channels allow leaking of Na+ and K+ ions to leak down their concentration gradient.
Therefore, apart from Na+ K+ pump, the channels also transport the ions, without transporting
glucose. Therefore, less glucose enters the cells, the cells reach equilibrium qu.
the issue of camera and cell phone privecy is importent many cell ph.pdf
the issue of camera and cell phone privecy is importent many cell phone cameras by default and
automatically reveal amount of information such as physical location of picture,time,and date
etc...a number of companies facilities along with laws and implimentation have increased it is
often difficult what privacy protection you have.
according to the indectments the accused conducted sexual conversation with researcher person
posting as 13 years old girls.some of them committed indecent act before the women\'s
eyes.others sent them pronography. and all of themarranged to meet researchers apartments an
acters was waiting for them there. after the man spoke with her briefly the program moderator
showed up andconfronted them. thje men were arrested on camera by police
Solution
the issue of camera and cell phone privecy is importent many cell phone cameras by default and
automatically reveal amount of information such as physical location of picture,time,and date
etc...a number of companies facilities along with laws and implimentation have increased it is
often difficult what privacy protection you have.
according to the indectments the accused conducted sexual conversation with researcher person
posting as 13 years old girls.some of them committed indecent act before the women\'s
eyes.others sent them pronography. and all of themarranged to meet researchers apartments an
acters was waiting for them there. after the man spoke with her briefly the program moderator
showed up andconfronted them. thje men were arrested on camera by police.
Statement showing distribution of income to XavierThus answer will.pdf
Statement showing distribution of income to Xavier
Thus answer will be $42500Interest on investment5000Salary27000Remainder income
(21000/2)10500Total distribution42500
Solution
Statement showing distribution of income to Xavier
Thus answer will be $42500Interest on investment5000Salary27000Remainder income
(21000/2)10500Total distribution42500.
Summary of JavaScripthttpsen.wikipedia.orgwikiJavaScripthtt.pdf
Summary of JavaScript
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/
http://www.w3schools.com/js/ParadigmMulti-paradigm: scripting, object-oriented (prototype-
based), imperative, functional, event-drivenDesigned byBrendan EichDeveloperNetscape
Communications Corporation, Mozilla Foundation, Ecma InternationalFirst appearedMay 23,
1995; 21 years agoStable releaseECMAScript 2016 / June 17, 2016; 2 months agoTyping
disciplinedynamic, duckMajor implementationsV8, JavaScriptCore, SpiderMonkey,
ChakraInfluenced byLua, Scheme, Perl, Self, Java, C, Python, AWK,
HyperTalkInfluencedActionScript, AtScript, CoffeeScript, Dart, JScript .NET, LiveScript,
Objective-J, Opa, Perl 6, QML, TypeScriptFilename extension.jsInternet media
typeapplication/javascript text/javascript (obsolete)Uniform Type Identifier
(UTI)com.netscape.javascript-sourceType of formatScripting languageURL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/
http://www.w3schools.com/js/
Solution
Summary of JavaScript
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/
http://www.w3schools.com/js/ParadigmMulti-paradigm: scripting, object-oriented (prototype-
based), imperative, functional, event-drivenDesigned byBrendan EichDeveloperNetscape
Communications Corporation, Mozilla Foundation, Ecma InternationalFirst appearedMay 23,
1995; 21 years agoStable releaseECMAScript 2016 / June 17, 2016; 2 months agoTyping
disciplinedynamic, duckMajor implementationsV8, JavaScriptCore, SpiderMonkey,
ChakraInfluenced byLua, Scheme, Perl, Self, Java, C, Python, AWK,
HyperTalkInfluencedActionScript, AtScript, CoffeeScript, Dart, JScript .NET, LiveScript,
Objective-J, Opa, Perl 6, QML, TypeScriptFilename extension.jsInternet media
typeapplication/javascript text/javascript (obsolete)Uniform Type Identifier
(UTI)com.netscape.javascript-sourceType of formatScripting languageURL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/
http://www.w3schools.com/js/.
SolutionBy observing the graph , the graph the given function is .pdf
Solution
:
By observing the graph , the graph the given function is not a function;
Vertical test:
if u draw a vertical line on the graph , then it touches the graph at one point only, then the grpah
is a function.
but in the given graph , iit is touchig more than one point . Therefore, it is not a function..
R is a very flexible and powerful programming language, as well as a.pdf
R is a very flexible and powerful programming language, as well as a package that is written
using that language (and others like C). The following program demonstrates many of its basic
features. You can cut and paste it into R, or download the file that includes it from here. If you
run it line by line, many of its features will become clear. Both editions of R for SAS and SPSS
Users and R for Stata Users work through a version of this program line-by-line, showing the
output and explaining what R is doing.
# Filename: ProgrammingBasics.R
# ---Simple Calculations---
2 + 3
x <- 2
y <- 3
x + y
x * y
# ---Data Structures---
# Vectors
workshop <- c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)
print(workshop)
workshop
gender <- c(\"f\", \"f\", \"f\", NA, \"m\", \"m\", \"m\", \"m\")
q1 <- c(1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4)
q2 <- c(1, 1, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 5)
q3 <- c(5, 4, 4,NA, 2, 5, 4, 5)
q4 <- c(1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5)
# Selecting Elements of Vectors
q1[5]
q1[ c(5, 6, 7, 8) ]
q1[5:8]
q1[gender == \"m\"]
mean( q1[ gender == \"m\" ], na.rm = TRUE)
# ---Factors---
# Numeric Factors
# First, as a vector
workshop <- c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)
workshop
table(workshop)
mean(workshop)
gender[workshop == 2]
# Now as a factor
workshop <- c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)
workshop <- factor(workshop)
workshop
table(workshop)
mean(workshop) #generates error now.
gender[workshop == 2]
gender[workshop == \"2\"]
# Recreate workshop, making it a factor
# including levels that don\'t yet exist.
workshop <- c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)
workshop <- factor(
workshop,
levels = c( 1, 2, 3, 4),
labels = c(\"R\", \"SAS\", \"SPSS\", \"Stata\")
)
# Recreate it with just the levels it
# curently has.
workshop <- c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)
workshop <- factor(
workshop,
levels = c( 1, 2),
labels = c(\"R\",\"SAS\")
)
workshop
table(workshop)
gender[workshop == 2]
gender[workshop == \"2\"]
gender[workshop == \"SAS\"]
# Character factors
gender <- c(\"f\", \"f\", \"f\", NA, \"m\", \"m\", \"m\", \"m\")
gender <- factor(
gender,
levels = c(\"m\", \"f\"),
labels = c(\"Male\", \"Female\")
)
gender
table(gender)
workshop[gender == \"m\"]
workshop[gender == \"Male\"]
# Recreate gender and make it a factor,
# keeping simpler m and f as labels.
gender <- c(\"f\", \"f\", \"f\", NA, \"m\", \"m\", \"m\", \"m\")
gender <- factor(gender)
gender
# Data Frames
mydata <- data.frame(workshop, gender, q1, q2, q3, q4)
mydata
names(mydata)
row.names(mydata)
# Selecting components by index number
mydata[8, 6] #8th obs, 6th var
mydata[ , 6] #All obs, 6th var
mydata[ , 6][5:8] #6th var, obs 5:8
# Selecting components by name
mydata$q1
mydata$q1[5:8]
# Example renaming gender to sex while
# creating a data frame (left as a comment)
#
# mydata <- data.frame(workshop, sex = gender,
# q1, q2, q3, q4)
# Matrices
# Creating from vectors
mymatrix <- cbind(q1, q2, q3, q4)
mymatrix
dim(mymatrix)
# Creating from matrix function
# left as a comment so we keep
# version with names q1, q2...
#
# mymatrix <- matrix(
# c(1, 1, 5, 1,
# 2, 1, 4, 1,
# 2, 2, 4, 3.
please give the name of author so that i can give u solution manual .pdf
please give the name of author so that i can give u solution manual !!
thanks
Solution
please give the name of author so that i can give u solution manual !!
thanks.
PetTest.javaimport java.util.Scanner; public class PetTest {.pdf
PetTest.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PetTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
Pet p[] = new Pet[2];
for(int i=0; i
Solution
PetTest.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PetTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
Pet p[] = new Pet[2];
for(int i=0; i.
More from annikasarees (20)
You will want to look at electronegativity differ.pdf
You will want to look at electronegativity differ.pdf
Well 1-Heptanol is a straight chained 7 carbon mo.pdf
Well 1-Heptanol is a straight chained 7 carbon mo.pdf
The rings cannot attach to each other on C atoms .pdf
The rings cannot attach to each other on C atoms .pdf
Waters bent structure leads to its polar nature.pdf
Waters bent structure leads to its polar nature.pdf
The given set of values cannot be represented as .pdf
The given set of values cannot be represented as .pdf
Solution containing HCN and NaCN in ions form as .pdf
Solution containing HCN and NaCN in ions form as .pdf
moles = molarity x volume = 6 molL x (51000) L .pdf
moles = molarity x volume = 6 molL x (51000) L .pdf
Molarity = moles volume(liter) Moles = molarity.pdf
Molarity = moles volume(liter) Moles = molarity.pdf
lone pairs of electrons also occupy the orbitals .pdf
lone pairs of electrons also occupy the orbitals .pdf
What is the relationship between Accounting and an Accounting inform.pdf
What is the relationship between Accounting and an Accounting inform.pdf
Yes,all macromolecule are passed from nuclear pore envelope to cytop.pdf
Yes,all macromolecule are passed from nuclear pore envelope to cytop.pdf
The transport of sodium ions and glucose into the cell is through sy.pdf
The transport of sodium ions and glucose into the cell is through sy.pdf
the issue of camera and cell phone privecy is importent many cell ph.pdf
the issue of camera and cell phone privecy is importent many cell ph.pdf
Statement showing distribution of income to XavierThus answer will.pdf
Statement showing distribution of income to XavierThus answer will.pdf
Summary of JavaScripthttpsen.wikipedia.orgwikiJavaScripthtt.pdf
Summary of JavaScripthttpsen.wikipedia.orgwikiJavaScripthtt.pdf
SolutionBy observing the graph , the graph the given function is .pdf
SolutionBy observing the graph , the graph the given function is .pdf
R is a very flexible and powerful programming language, as well as a.pdf
R is a very flexible and powerful programming language, as well as a.pdf
please give the name of author so that i can give u solution manual .pdf
please give the name of author so that i can give u solution manual .pdf
PetTest.javaimport java.util.Scanner; public class PetTest {.pdf
PetTest.javaimport java.util.Scanner; public class PetTest {.pdf
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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- 1. 3.Watershed-it is the total area of a region which contribute to the same outlet runoff or the entire geographical area drained by river and its tributaries. The flow stream will be contributed from highest elevation point of the region to the outlet runoff. 4 .A grab sample is a sampling technique which is a single sample or measurement taken at a specific time or over a short period as feasible. Grab sample provides an immediate sample and are thus preferred for some tests. It is also known as catch sample or individual sample. Composite sample is sample whereby multiple samples are combined, thoroughly homogenised and treated as single sample. 5.Alkalinity-it refers to capability of water to neutralise acid. The alkalinity can be due to presence of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxides etc in the solution. Alkalinity is important for fish and aquatic life because it protects or buffer against rapid Ph change. Also alkalinity neutralises acidity in our body which is root cause of inflammation or disease in the body. Solution 3.Watershed-it is the total area of a region which contribute to the same outlet runoff or the entire geographical area drained by river and its tributaries. The flow stream will be contributed from highest elevation point of the region to the outlet runoff. 4 .A grab sample is a sampling technique which is a single sample or measurement taken at a specific time or over a short period as feasible. Grab sample provides an immediate sample and are thus preferred for some tests. It is also known as catch sample or individual sample. Composite sample is sample whereby multiple samples are combined, thoroughly homogenised and treated as single sample. 5.Alkalinity-it refers to capability of water to neutralise acid. The alkalinity can be due to presence of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxides etc in the solution. Alkalinity is important for fish and aquatic life because it protects or buffer against rapid Ph change. Also alkalinity neutralises acidity in our body which is root cause of inflammation or disease in the body.