The document discusses strategic planning responses needed to address issues of city vulnerability, including climate change, resource depletion, and health impacts. It argues for a change in direction towards more sustainable approaches, including sustainable energy, urban form, land use, transport, and the biophilic city concept. Specifically, it advocates for fewer cars and more public transport, pedestrian and cycling priorities, as well as urban farming and local food supply to create biophilic cities.

1. Strategic Planning Responses to City Vulnerability 3rd International Urban Design Conference August 2010 - National Convention Centre, Canberra Darren Bilsborough, Director of Sustainability A-P Adjunct Professor of Sustainability, Curtin University

2. More potential problems than you can poke a stick at relating to:- City Vulnerability Identifying the issues Climate Change Global Population and Consumption Leading to Resource Depletion and;- Peak Oil Peak Water Peak Food Pollution (air, water and soil) Health and Well Being (future liabilities)

3. Future Health Liability Future Health Liability – Unfunded Health Budgets

4. PB-CUSP Alliance Research Costs to government $86 million (or approximately $80,000 per block) – or the cost to provide power, water, sewerage, schools, hospitals and local government services for fringe developments. Road infrastructure is the most significant cost. Cost to people $250 million in transport costs over 50 years – people in fringe developments drive more frequently and own more cars $ 4.23 million in health costs – people in fringe developments have higher risk of obesity related to lower levels of physical activity for people. Cost to the planet 4,400 tons of greenhouse gas is saved for 1,000 urban dwellings, which is roughly equal to the amount emitted from 200 homes – an estimated dollar value of approximately $19.32 million. Productivity Opportunity A 6% improvement in productivity due to active travel Lifestyle. PB-CUSP Alliance Research

5. Status Quo Melbourne @ 5 million Will cost $110,080,000,000 extra over 50 years assuming that half of all future housing is built on the periphery of Melbourne PB-CUSP Alliance Research

6. New Ways Needed – A Change in Direction Sustainable Energy Future Urban Form Sustainable Land Use (how to grow?) Green Buildings (next steps) Sustainable Transport Biophillic city concept Planning Responses

7. The Elephant in the Room Climate Change Adaptation Why isn’t there more public discussion....?

8. Planning Responses New Ways Needed – A Change in Direction Sustainable Built Form and Land Use Fewer cars (less roads), more public transport…..pedestrian and cycling priorities

9. 240 persons travel to work in: 177 cars 3 buses 1 tram Land Use and Transport Modes

10. Green Transport infrastructure? A number of cities in US and elsewhere now pulling down inner city expressways New concept in the US of “Road Diet” – removing some traffic lanes to limit traffic flows and speeds to environmental capacity Singapore, London, Stockholm congestion charging and other cities looking at following Roadspace is increasingly being allocated to public transport, bicycles and other small vehicles Big investments are being made in public transport Green Transport infrastructure?

11. Cheonggyecheon area before restoration (Seoul) Source: http://www.metro.seoul.kr/kor2000/chungaehome/en/seoul/2sub.htm/ Cheonggyecheon area before restoration (Seoul)

12. Cheonggyecheon area after restoration Source: http://www.metro.seoul.kr/kor2000/chungaehome/en/seoul/2sub.htm/ Cheonggyecheon area after restoration

13. “ If you’re looking for a big opportunity look for a big problem” ANON

14. Where do Australian emissions come from? 48% 14% Stationary energy (power plants, etc) Transport (vehicles) AGO, figures for 1999 6% 3% 2% Garbage tips Industrial processes Gases escaping (during mining, from pipes) 17% 10% Land use change and forestry (clearing , etc) Agriculture (mostly ex-animals)

15. Where do Australian emissions come from? Stationary energy (power plants, etc) Transport (vehicles) AGO, figures for 1999 62% of all emissions from Transport and Energy

16. Smart Grids: An Alternative Renewables Enabler

17. EVs, Distributed Energy and Smart Grids Courtesy of EPRI

18. A Tipping Point? What do we require to institute change? A transport system tipping point

19. Tipping elements and thresholds! In and out of ice ages – last couple of millions of years oscillating every 70,000 years or so! Cold Warm Hot

20. Tipping elements and thresholds! Cold Warm Hot Loss of each “tipping element” increases the risk of passing thresholds

21. Tipping elements and thresholds! Cold Warm Hot Loss of each “tipping element” increases the risk of passing thresholds

22. Tipping elements and thresholds! Cold Warm Hot Loss of each “tipping element” increases the risk of passing thresholds

23. Tipping elements and thresholds! Cold Warm Hot At some point we trigger runaway global warming Overshoot and collapse to a new stable state?

24. Peak Oil – Is this our Tipping Point (if it isn’t Climate Change) Some future scenarios have petrol prices at up to $8/litre in Australia. Even modest scenarios foresee $2 a litre within a few years Surveys by Budget Direct suggest 30% of motorists in Australian cities will stop using their car to commute if petrol reaches $1.75 a litre

25. Destiny of all life lies within technology

27. What is Biophilia? Biophilia Edward O. Wilson, a Harvard University entomologist, coined the term "biophilia", referring to humans' "love of living things" - our innate affinity with nature

28. The Biophilic City Concept Increase Biodiversity and Stabilise Ecological Systems

29. Deforestation

30. Biodiverse Cities

32. The Biophilic City Concept Increase Biodiversity and Stabilise Ecological Systems Introduction of Urban Farming (including Vertical Farms) Catering for Local Food Requirements and Reduction in Food Miles

33. Mole Hill Vancouver Edible Cities Cuba

34. Vertical Farms

35. The Biophilic City Concept Increase Biodiversity and Stabilise Ecological Systems Introduction of Urban Farming (including Vertical Farms) Catering for Local Food Requirements and Reduction in Food Miles Improvement in Water Management, Efficiency and Recycling Decreased Energy Intensity through Reduced Heat Island Effect – Consideration of Climate Change Adaptation due to ▲ ºC into the Future Improved Health and Well Being (Biophilia and Reduced Pollution) and Associated Productivity Improvements Bio-sequestration of Legacy CO²

36. Conclusions New Ways Needed – A Change in Direction Sustainable Built Form and Land Use Fewer cars (less roads), more public transport…..pedestrian and cycling priorities Urban growth containment Transit Oriented Development (TODS, PODS, CODS and GODS) Urban farming, local food supply Biophilic cities