This document discusses key topics in gravitation and cosmology, including:
1) Kepler's laws of planetary motion and Newton's theory of universal gravitation.
2) Stellar evolution from gas nebulae to red giants and supernovae.
3) Evidence for the Big Bang theory, such as redshift of starlight and cosmic microwave background radiation.
4) Dark matter and dark energy, which are required to explain the acceleration of the universe's expansion.
In this presentation I cover all of the HL content for T13- Periodic trends. As usual I would like to acknowledge the Pearson textbook as the main source of my inspiration.
Detailed description of photosynthesis and respiration along with a recap on enzymes (SIMPLIFIED)
For a good insight on bioenergetics visit http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularrespiration.html
In this presentation I cover all of the HL content for T13- Periodic trends. As usual I would like to acknowledge the Pearson textbook as the main source of my inspiration.
Detailed description of photosynthesis and respiration along with a recap on enzymes (SIMPLIFIED)
For a good insight on bioenergetics visit http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularrespiration.html
As a result of technological development of the second half of the twentieth century, Astronomy suffers big change in its methods that it makes its appearance of observation science to become also a new experimental science, where they appear numerous branches. The advancement of knowledge in Astronomy enabled to establish conjectures about the origin of the Universe that would have arisen through the Big Bang, to identify the existence of a massive black hole in the center of the Milky Way, the discovery of water on Mars, Pluto's demotion to dwarf planet, the existence of exoplanets similar to Earth outside the solar system and the discovery of matter and dark energy in the Universe.
The universe is the vast expanse that contains everything that exists, including all matter, energy, planets, stars, galaxies, and even the fabric of spacetime itself. It is the totality of all space, time, matter, and energy. Understanding the universe and its origins is a fundamental question that has intrigued humanity for centuries, and various scientific disciplines, including astronomy, physics, and cosmology, seek to unravel its mysteries.
1. Scale and Size
2. Composition
3. Structure
4. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
5. Expansion
6. Dark Energy
7. Dark Matter
8. Galaxies:
9. Black Holes
10. Fate of the Universe
How old is the universe?The age of the universe is estimated to be approximately 13.8 billion years. This age is based on observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, the afterglow of the Big Bang, as well as other cosmological data. The estimate has been refined over the years through observations from telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and measurements of the largescale structure of the universe.
Ancient Cosmologies (Prescientific Revolution)
The universe: why does it exist? Why is there something rather than nothing? Where and why did structure arise: galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. This slide show is a full history of enquiry into how structure arises in the universe. It goes from Plato and Aristotle to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The title Heart of Darkness refers to a book that has the full story: Heart of Darkness, by Jeremiah P Ostriker and Simon Mitton, ISBN 978 0691134307
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. 2. Gravitation & Cosmology
1. Introduction
2. Geocentric model & Copernicus
3. Kepler´s laws
4. Newton & Gravitation theory
5. Solar system
6. Life of stars
7. Black holes
8. Big bang
9. Space research
7. 2. Heliocentric model
Galileo (1564-1642)
o 1609: Telescope
o 1610: “Sidereus nuncius”
o 1616: Banned by Inquisition
o 1632: “Diálogos sobre los dos
sistemas”
o 1633: Emprisoned
8. 3. Kepler´s laws
32
.rkT =
Johannes Kepler
(1571-1630)
o T. Brahe assistant
o First Law: orbits law
o Second Law: areal velocity
o Third Law:
9. 4. Gravitation theory
Isaac Newton (1643-1733)
“Two bodies are attracted by a
force proportional to their masses
and inversely proportional to the
squared distance between them”
2
.
.
M m
F G
r
=
10. 4. Gravitation consequences
o Gravity force
o Planets motions (Kepler´s laws)
o First Unification of Physics
o Tides prediction
o New planets prediction
19. 8. Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)
o Redshift of star spectra
o Hubble´s law (1929)
V = Ho. d
o Expansion of the
universe
20. 8. Big bang
o Primeval atom hypothesis
(G. LeMaitre, 1927)
o Radiation stage: photons,
quarks, leptons
o Inflation: fast expansion
o Hadrons formation
o Nucleosinthesis
o Stars & galaxies formation
21. 8. Experimental evidence
o Redshift. Edwin Hubble (1924)
o Microwave background radiation
A. Penzias, R. Wilson (1964).
Nobel prize 1978
o Helium and hydrogen composition
23. 8. Dark energy
o Type of energy , opposite to
gravitational attraction,
required to explain the
accelerated expansion of the
universe
24. 9. Space research
o 1957: First satellite: Sputnik
o 1961: Firs astronaut: Yuri
Gagarin
o 1965: Mariner programme
to Venus
o 1969: Apolo XI on the
Moon
o 1976: Vicking I & II to
Mars
o 1980: Voyager I & II Solar
system
25. 9. Satellites
o Geostationary, polar...
o Communications,
metheorological
o Geolocation: GPS, Galileo
o Research: COBE, Soho,
Hubble
