The Center for Biological Diversity's web project, 350 Reasons We Need to Get to 350ppm, presents 350 animals and plants from across the globe that could vanish due to global warming. If we can sufficiently curb greenhouse gas pollution, many of them will still have a chance to survive and recover — but we have to act now. And we have to act decisively, with a firm goal of cutting the carbon dioxide in our atmosphere to 350 parts per million. Here are just some of those species… To view the rest go to www.350.biologicaldiversity.org

1. 350 Reasons We Need to Get to 350ppm:
350 Species Threatened by Global Warming
A project of the Center for Biological
Diversity
www.350.biologicaldiversity.org

2. Our web project, 350 Reasons We Need to
Get to 350ppm, presents 350 animals and
plants from across the globe that could
vanish due to global warming.
If we can sufficiently curb greenhouse gas
pollution, many of them will still have a
chance to survive and recover — but we
have to act now. And we have to act
decisively, with a firm goal of cutting the
carbon dioxide in our atmosphere to 350
parts per million.
Here are just some of those species…

3. Resplendent Quetzal
Range: Central America from
southern Mexico to Panama
Drier conditions and
prolonged drought
due to climate
change have been
linked to declines in
cloud forest plants
where the quetzal
lives.
(Pharomachrus mocinno)

4. Quiver tree
(Aloe dichotoma)
Quiver tree mortality is
much greater on
warmer, lower-
elevation slopes than
on cooler, higher ones.
Range: Southern Africa

5. Jaguar
(Panthera onca)
A hotter, drier
climate is pushing
this amazing species
further northward
and out of its historic
range.
Range: North from Argentina to
the U.S.-Mexico borderlands

6. Koala
(Phascolarctos cinereus)
As CO2 increases,
eucalyptus tree leaves
produce more “anti-
nutrients”, which
interfere with the koala’s
ability to digest its food.
Range: Coastal regions of
eastern and southern
Australia

7. Ashy Storm Petrel
(Oceanodroma homochroa)
Sea-level rise
threatens to
drown petrel
nesting habitat in
sea caves and on
offshore rocks.
Range: Off the coast of
central California south to
Baja, Mexico

8. Humphead wrasse
(Cheilinus undulatas)
Warming ocean
temperatures and
ocean acidification are
causing massive coral
reef die-offs, leaving
coral-dependent fish
without a home.
Range: Throughout the Indo-
Pacific oceans

9. Sonoran pronghorn antelope
(Antilocapra americana sonoriensis)
Increasingly frequent and
severe drought leaves
pronghorn without enough
forage or water. More than
80% of the pronghorn
population in Arizona died
during a drought in 2002.
Range: Sonoran Desert in northern
Mexico and southwestern United
States

10. Adélie penguin
(Pygoscelis adeliae)
As sea ice off the
western Antarctic
Peninsula shrinks,
so does the Adélie’s
food supply: krill.
Range: Antarctic coast and
Antarctic islands

11. Bengal Tiger
(Panthera tigris tigris)
With fewer than 2,000
individuals remaining in the
wild, even modest sea-level
rise is expected to destroy
and fragment one of the last
refuges for tigers, the
Sundarbans mangrove
ecosystem.
Range: Primarily India and
Bangladesh; also Nepal, Bhutan,
Myanmar, and southern Tibet

12. Cozumel Curassow
(Crax rubra griscomi)
Because hurricanes
bring the destruction
of Cozumel’s forests,
a trend toward
increasing hurricane
activity would
significantly increase
the curassow’s
extinction risk.
Range: Cozumel Island, Mexico

13. Black Flying Fox
(Pteropus alecto)
The black flying fox
is suffering mass die-
offs during heat
waves when bats fall
from the trees due to
heat stress.
Range: Australia, Papua New
Guinea, and Indonesia

14. Black-breasted puffleg
(Eriocnemis nigrivestis)
Found nowhere outside Ecuador, this little bird
prefers high-elevation tropical mountain forests
which are shifting upslope due to climate change.
Range: Northwestern slopes of Ecuador’s Pichincha
volcano, an area less than 34 square kilometers

15. Polar Bear
(Ursus maritimus)
Polar bears are
rapidly losing the
sea ice they need
for hunting seals,
breeding, and
building dens to rear
cubs.
Range: In and around Arctic
Ocean

16. Black-footed albatross
(Phoebastria nigripes)
Sea-level rise and
higher storm surge
due to climate
change threaten to
drown the nests of
the Black-footed
albatross.
Range: Breed on Pacific Ocean
islands, mainly Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands; forage in North
Pacific Ocean

17. Boto
(Inia geoffrensis)
As rivers warm, the
boto may be
unable to find
suitable
temperature
conditions to live
in. Range: Lakes and rivers of
northern and central South
America, particularly the Amazon
and its tributaries

18. Cassin’s auklet
(Ptychoramphus aleuticus)
Increasing ocean
temperatures, harsher
El Niño events, and
ocean acidification
threaten the entire
food web along Pacific
west coast, including
the Cassin’s auklet’s.
Range: Pacific Ocean and West
Coast from Alaska to Mexico

19. Chiricahua leopard frog
(Rana chiricahuensis)
Chiricahua leopard
frogs need permanent
water for reproduction,
but that will be
increasingly hard to
come by with global
warming drying their
habitat.
Range: Desert and mountain
streams and wetlands in central
and southeast Arizona, southwest
New Mexico, and northern Mexico

20. Human Beings
(Homo Sapiens)
Climate change is
speeding the spread of
infectious diseases;
creating conditions that
lead to potentially fatal
malnutrition and
diarrhea; and increasing
the frequency and
severity of heat waves,
floods, and other
weather-related
disasters.

21. Arctic Fox
(Alopex lagopus)
As temperatures rise,
the Arctic fox’s tundra
and sea-ice habitat is
shrinking, its lemming
prey are becoming less
abundant, and it faces
increased competition
and displacement by
the northward moving
red fox.
Range: Arctic regions of Europe,
Asia, North America, Greenland,
and Iceland

22. Blue Spiny Lizard
(Sceloporus serrifer)
Warmer temperatures
are preventing spiny
lizards from searching
for food. If climate
change continues
unabated, 58% of
Mexico’s spiny lizard
species are projected
to go extinct by 2080,
including complete loss
high-elevation species.
Range: Mexico

23. O`ahu `elepaio
(Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis)
Rising temperatures
are enabling the
transmission of pox
and malaria at higher
elevations, further
threatening remaining
populations of
endangered Hawaiian
birds.
Range: O`ahu, Hawaii

24. Collared pika
(Ochotona collaris)
Climate change-related reductions in winter
snowpack expose collared pikas, which don’t
hibernate, to winter cold extremes.
Range: mountains of western Canada and Alaska

25. Colombian woolly monkey
(Lagothrix lugens)
Woolly monkey
populations decline
after El Niño events
which lower food
availability for these
fruit-eaters. El Niño
events are projected
to intensify with
climate change.Range: Columbia and possibly
Venezuela

26. False killer whale
(Pseudorca crassidens)
False killer whales
are at risk from
ocean acidification, a
result of CO2
emissions that
threaten the entire
ocean food web.
Range: Rare but widespread; sited
in Mediterranean, Red Sea,
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian oceans

27. Emperor Penguin
(Aptenodytes forsteri)
Warming ocean
temperatures and melting
sea ice around Antarctica
have diminished the
emperor’s food supply, and
when sea ice breaks up
before the chicks have
grown waterproof feathers,
chicks can be swept into the
ocean to die.
Range: Coastal Antarctica

28. Green sea turtle
(Chelonia mydas)
Range: Worldwide distribution
in tropical and subtropical
waters
Rising sea levels threaten
to inundate turtle nesting
beaches; increased sand
temperatures can lead to
changes in the sex ratio of
hatchling turtles; and
warming ocean
temperatures are
damaging coral reefs
where turtles feed.

29. Pineapple coral
(Dichocoenia stokesii)
Ocean acidification is
already hindering some
corals from building their
skeletons. At carbon
dioxide levels of 450
ppm, scientists project
that reef erosion will
eclipse the ability of
corals to grow, and all
corals will start to
dissolve at 560 ppm.

30. Grizzly bear
(Ursus arctos horribilis)
Bears that eat lots of whitebark pine nuts before
hibernating survive better and have more cubs; however,
rising temperatures are shrinking the range of whitebark
pine and may make it more susceptible to beetle attacks.
Range: Alaska, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Washington, possibly
southern Colorado, and western Canada

31. Harp seal
(Phoca groenlandica)
The rapid melting
of Arctic sea ice
threatens the harp
seal which needs
stable sea ice
floes during
spring to give
birth and nurse
their pups.Range: North Atlantic and Arctic
Oceans from northern Russia, to
Newfoundland and the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, Canada

32. Staghorn coral
(Acropora aculeus)
Corals are suffering from
mass bleaching events
that lead to death and
disease. If climate change
continues unabated, most
of the world’s corals will be
subjected to mass
bleaching events at deadly
frequencies within 20
years. Range: Indo-West Pacific

33. Marbled murrelet
(Brachyramphus marmoratus)
The murrelet’s forest
habitat will be altered by
increases in extreme
flooding, landslides, and
windthrow events, while
the murrelet’s marine
habitat is at risk due to
global warming’s
potential to exacerbate
harmful algae blooms
and marine dead zones. Range: Pacific Coast of North
America from the Aleutian
Archipelago and southern Alaska
to central California

34. Mexican gray wolf
(Canis lupus bailey)
Mexican wolves are
threatened by
drought which may
lower prey numbers
and bring the wolves
into greater conflict
with the livestock
industry.
Range: Arizona and New Mexico

35. Musk ox
(Ovibos moschatus)
Increasing rain-on-
snow events create
sheets of ice that musk
oxen are unable to
break through to
browse on plants
underneath, and as a
result, they can starve.
In 2003, about 20,000
musk oxen starved to
death due to a rain-on-
snow event.
Range: Arctic areas of Canada,
Greenland, and Alaska

36. Hawaiian monk seal
(Monachus schauinsland)
The Hawaiian monk seal,
known to native Hawaiians
as ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua or
“dog that runs in rough
water,” is one of the world’s
most endangered marine
mammals. Sea-level rise
threatens the seal’s pupping
beaches on the low-lying
Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands.
Range: Throughout
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands,
with an increasing population
on the main islands

37. Puerto Rico rock frog
(Coquí guajón)
Dramatic population
declines of the
Puerto Rico rock frog
in 1983 were linked
to an increased
number of extended
dry periods.
Range: Puerto Rico

38. Narwhal
(Monodon monoceros)
Decreasing sea-ice cover
over the narwhal’s
wintering grounds may
reduce the availability of
its main prey—halibut and
cod-- but is increasing the
abundance of one of its
main predators — the
killer whale.
Range: Predominantly in the
Atlantic and Russian areas of
the Arctic

39. Pitcher’s thistle
(Cirsium pitcher)
Endemic to sand
dune ecosystems, the
pitcher’s thistle is
vulnerable to drought
and higher
temperatures.
Range: Michigan, Indiana, and
Wisconsin, United States

40. Okinawa dugong
(Dugong dugong)
Increased tropical sea surface temperatures and
more frequent and intense tropical cyclones may
interfere with the dugong’s feeding, migration,
and reproduction.
Range: Coastal waters of Okinawa, Japan

41. Erect-crested penguin
(Eudyptes sclateri)
More than half of the world’s
19 penguin species are in
danger of extinction. Global
warming is one reason krill,
the keystone of the Antarctic
marine food chain and a
main food for penguins, has
declined by 80% since the
1970s over large areas of
the Southern Ocean.
Range: Breeds only on New
Zealand’s Bounty and
Antipodes island systems

42. Puget Sound killer whale
(Orcinus orca)
The killer whales of
Puget Sound subsist
largely on Chinook
salmon and climatic
changes affecting the
health of the cold-water
Chinook will have far-
reaching consequences
for the orcas.
Range: Puget Sound, Juan de
Fuca Strait, Haro Strait, and
Georgia Strait

43. Small alpine xenica
(Oreixenica latialis latialis)
Increased
temperatures
and the
disappearance
of permanent
snow cover
threaten the
alpine habitat
the xenica calls
home.
Current distribution: Endemic to
Australian Alps

44. Red howler monkey
(Alouatta seniculus)
Researchers have
found that red
howler monkey
populations decline
during El Niño
events which lower
food availability
and which will likely
intensify due to
climate change.
Range: Western Amazon Basin of
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil

45. Sockeye salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka)
As rivers warm, the
survival rate of cold-water
salmon is expected to
plummet; flooding events
in the streams where
sockeye spawn could wash
eggs from where they’re
laid, and prolonged ocean
warming could greatly
restrict their ocean foraging
areas.Range: Pacific Ocean and
coastal streams

46. Southern corroboree frog
(Pseudophryne corroboree)
Corroboree frogs are
adapted to the cold
conditions of the
Australian Alps, and
with global warming,
winters may no longer
be long enough and
cold enough for
breeding. Range: Restricted area of the
Australian Alps

47. Steller’s eider
(Polysticta stelleri)
Decreasing sea-ice
cover has reduced the
abundance of this bird’s
bottom-dwelling prey
and increased
prospects for the
expansion of bottom
trawling and oil
exploration in the Bering
Sea.
Range: Eastern coastal Russia,
Alaska, and the Bering Sea

48. Spalding’s catchfly
(Silene spaldingii)
Climate change
exacerbates conditions
for the spread of
invasive plants and
increases the intensity
and frequency of fire, all
major threats to the
Spalding’s catchfly.
Range: Washington, Oregon,
Idaho, and Montana, United
States

49. Gray whale
(Eschrichtius robustus)
Rapid melting of Arctic
sea ice appears to be
lowering the abundance
of the gray whales’
bottom-dwelling prey in
their Alaskan feeding
grounds, and increasing
the numbers of
malnourished whales.
Range: Shallow coastal waters of
eastern North Pacific from Mexico
to Alaska

50. Leatherback sea turtle
(Dermochelys coriacea)
As ancient as the dinosaurs,
leatherbacks now face rising
sea levels, increased sand
temperatures, and stronger
storms which threaten the
sandy beaches the turtles
use to nest; moreover,
warmer nests will produce
all females — a few degrees
higher, and eggs won‘t
hatch at all. Range: All tropical and subtropical
oceans, as far south as the
southernmost tip of New Zealand
and as far north as the Arctic Circle