X-ray radiation sources in ABCD Hospitalisused as one of the healthfacilities and the role of management, itis not maximized as well in providing protection against the radiographer. The use of personal protective equipmentisstilla rare thingdone right by the radiologist. This studyaimed to analyze the influence of X-ray radiation to the lymphocytes of radiographer in the ABCD Hospital. This studyis a quantitative studyconductedin 4 Hospitals in Mataram, West NusaTenggara (NTB) in June and October 2014. The populations in thisstudywere all radiographerswhoworking in ABCD Hospital as many as 30 people. The sampling technique usedis simple randomsamplingwhere a sample size of 28 people. Data wasanalyzed by usingregressionanalysis. Theseresultsindicatethat the radiologistcharacteristics affect the lymphocytes wereage (p = 0.028), radiation protection training (p = 0.046), use of APD (p = 0.026) and radiation dose (p = 0.046). Radiation protection efforts at A hospital are still not good and B, C and D hospitals are good.
Investigations have been done concerning computed tomography (CT) dose output of some selected hospitals in the Federal capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria by calculating the Effective doses of CT head in some selected hospitals and compare its average with the Mean Reference Dose of CT Head. Data was collected at five hospitals in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. The Effective Dose of each of the patients undergoing CT Head examination was calculated using the coefficient factor and the DLP values. Patients’ CT dose data from the ages of 18 to 60years from each of the 5 centres for each study types from January, 2013 to December, 2014 were extracted. A total of 181 patients’ CT dose data was extracted. The effective dose range for CT Head examination in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory is 1.8 to 6.8mSv.
Background. Ionizing radiation could cause negative effects on DNA molecules, which leads mutation and tumorigenesis. Thyroid gland is one of the most radiosensitive organ due to the great oxidative process on their physiological condition. Medical workers have been exposed to radiation during medical image acquisition. The relation between radiation and the increase of thyroid cancer incidence have been studied before, the discussion mostly explain the acute effect of radiation. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of thyroid nodule on radiation-exposed worker.
Methods. The study was performed in 40 radiation-exposed workers with at least has 5 years working period. We examined using thyroid ultrasonography and blood level of T3, fT4 and TSH.
Result. The incidence of thyroid nodule in radiation-exposed worker is 37.5%, which is higher among female (66%) than in male (29%). Based on the age distribution, most of the nodules were find in workers with age more than 35 years old. According to ultrasonography result and TIRADS scoring, 66.7% of the nodules were benign which categorize as TIRADS 1 and only 33% of the nodules were categorize as moderately suspicious or TIRADS 4.
Conclusion. Radiation-exposed workers have high risk to develop thyroid nodules. This study could be used as basic data to do further evaluation. It is important to perform thyroid screening periodically among them.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Investigations have been done concerning computed tomography (CT) dose output of some selected hospitals in the Federal capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria by calculating the Effective doses of CT head in some selected hospitals and compare its average with the Mean Reference Dose of CT Head. Data was collected at five hospitals in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. The Effective Dose of each of the patients undergoing CT Head examination was calculated using the coefficient factor and the DLP values. Patients’ CT dose data from the ages of 18 to 60years from each of the 5 centres for each study types from January, 2013 to December, 2014 were extracted. A total of 181 patients’ CT dose data was extracted. The effective dose range for CT Head examination in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory is 1.8 to 6.8mSv.
Background. Ionizing radiation could cause negative effects on DNA molecules, which leads mutation and tumorigenesis. Thyroid gland is one of the most radiosensitive organ due to the great oxidative process on their physiological condition. Medical workers have been exposed to radiation during medical image acquisition. The relation between radiation and the increase of thyroid cancer incidence have been studied before, the discussion mostly explain the acute effect of radiation. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of thyroid nodule on radiation-exposed worker.
Methods. The study was performed in 40 radiation-exposed workers with at least has 5 years working period. We examined using thyroid ultrasonography and blood level of T3, fT4 and TSH.
Result. The incidence of thyroid nodule in radiation-exposed worker is 37.5%, which is higher among female (66%) than in male (29%). Based on the age distribution, most of the nodules were find in workers with age more than 35 years old. According to ultrasonography result and TIRADS scoring, 66.7% of the nodules were benign which categorize as TIRADS 1 and only 33% of the nodules were categorize as moderately suspicious or TIRADS 4.
Conclusion. Radiation-exposed workers have high risk to develop thyroid nodules. This study could be used as basic data to do further evaluation. It is important to perform thyroid screening periodically among them.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Evaluation of Radiotherapy Effect on Auditory System in Patients with Head and Neck Tumors by Seyedeh Mahtab Ashja Arvan in Experiments in Rhinology & Otolaryngology
Radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors may result in damage of different organs such as eyes and ears. However, there is no consensus regarding the level of damage, especially its effect on hearing threshold. This study has been designed to determine the effect of radiotherapy on auditory system of patients with head and neck tumors.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/ero/fulltext/ERO.000509.php
Bertrand de Meulder-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutr...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 29 de marzo de 2016 celebramos un Simposio Internacional sobre el 'Impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, nutrición y biotecnología'. Organizado por la Fundación Ramón Areces en colaboración con la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina y BioEuroLatina, abordó cómo un mejor conocimiento del genoma humano está permitiendo notables avances hacia una medicina de precisión.
Mel Reichman on Pool Shark’s Cues for More Efficient Drug DiscoveryJean-Claude Bradley
Mel Reichman, senior investigator and director of the LIMR Chemical Genomics Center at the Lankenau Institute for Medical Research presents at the chemistry department at Drexel University on November 12, 2009.
Modern drug discovery by high-throughput screening (HTS) begins with testing hundreds of thousands of compounds in biological assays. The confirmed hit rate for typical HTS is less than 0.5%; therefore, 99.5% of the costs of HTS are for generating null data. Orthogonal convolution of compound libraries (OCL) is 500% more efficient than present HTS practice. The OCL method combines 10 compounds per well. An advantage of this method is that each compound is represented twice in two separately arrayed pools. The potential for the approach to better enable academic centers of excellence to validate medicinally relevant biological targets is discussed.
Assessment of Entrance Skin Dose in routine x-ray examinations of chest, skul...IOSR Journals
It is assumed that children are more susceptible to the effects of ionizing radiation and so deserves
special attention. Entrance skin doses (ESD) and Effective dose (E) to pediatric patients were estimated during
chest, skull, abdomen and pelvis examination in five Nigeria hospitals using DoseCal software. The mean ESD
for Chest (PA) in age range 1 – 5 in the five hospitals (H1 – H5) were 70, 139, 130, 105 and 111μGy,
respectively. The median ESD values in all the examinations were compared with the NRPB and EC reference
level and were found to be lower except for Chest PA and Chest Lateral examinations. The mean effective doses
were compared with those found in literature and were found to be comparable. Data shows that there is
variation in the result of the ESD obtained and so adherence to guidelines should be demonstrated
Health Effects of Occupational Lead Exposures among Informal Automobile Repai...Premier Publishers
Chronic, high-level lead exposure is known to be a risk factor for kidney and liver diseases. The health effect of low-level occupational exposure to lead is less well known, particularly among informal automobile repair artisans, a population that is at risk of occupational lead exposures due to their predisposing occupational tasks. The study assessed blood lead levels and associated health risks on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) activity among the study participants. A descriptive comparative study was conducted and the participants included (n=30) occupationally exposed artisans and (n=30) non-exposed college students. Blood lead levels were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry according to the NIOSH 8003 method. Serum ALT activity and eGFR measurements were conducted using Reflotron automated biochemical analyzer. The eGFR was determined based on Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study (MDRD) equation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, ANOVA, and t-test. The mean blood lead (BPb) level of the artisans (25.36µg/dl±2.62SE) was significantly higher than that of the control participants (14.17µg/dl±1.74SE), (t (29) =3.65, p=0.001) and exceeded the 20µg/dl WHO biological exposure index (BEI) of concern for adults, (p=0.049).The artisans had a significantly decreased eGFR (128.37 mL/min/1.73m2 ± 4.37SE) compared to the control participants (152.93 mL/min/1.73m2 ± 3.91SE), (t (29) = -4.49, p =0.000). Moreover, the artisans had a lower mean serum ALT activity of (18.50 IU/L±1.63SE) compared to the control participants (21.34 IU/L± 2.85SE). However, the difference was insignificant, (t (29) = 0.86, p = 0.40). The study concluded that the artisans were occupationally exposed to lead and risked chronic pathological effects on the kidney and liver functions. The key recommendation therefore is to institute public health intervention measures to curb such occupational health risk among the artisans.
Future of radiation protection regulations presentationMohan Doss
This is the presentation I made at the 2015 Health Physics Society Annual Meeting, in the Special Session called
"Health Risks from Low Doses and Low Dose-Rates of Ionizing Radiation" on July 14, 2015.
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Acoustic Neuromas Clinical Whi...Brainlab
Learn more: https://www.brainlab.com/radiosurgery-products/
Acoustic neuromas (AN) have an annual incidence of approximately one per 100,000 people and may account for up to 8% of all new tumors presenting to a neurosurgical referral practice. Acoustic neuromas are benign tumors arising from Schwann cells from the vestibular branch of the eighth cranial nerve. Nevertheless, they can pursue a potentially aggressive course, with uncontrolled local growth resulting in compression of the brainstem and fourth ventricle, cranial nerve and other neurological deficits.
Assessing the Dosimetric Links between Organ-At-Risk Delineation Variability ...Wookjin Choi
Purpose: To determine the relative dosimetric impact of delineation variability (DV) when inter-observer and inter-technique planning variability (PV), and setup variability (SV) with are considered.
Methods: 409 plans for a single head-and-neck patient from the 2017 Radiation Knowledge plan competition were used. Plans were created with Eclipse (N=227), Pinnacle (N=49), RayStation (N=25), Monaco (N=75), and TomoTherapy (N=33) with delivery techniques conventional linac IMRT (N=142), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT, N=234), and helical TomoTherapy (N=33). All plans were optimized using a consistent set of target volumes and a single OAR structure set. Four additional OAR structure sets were contoured by radiation oncologists (N=2) and medical physics residents (N=2) who had completed head-and-neck contouring training. Probabilistic DVHs, dose-volume coverage maps (DVCM), which shows the probability of achieving a dose metric, were computed for each OAR on the following scenarios: SV alone (N=1000), SV+PV (N=1000*409), SV+DV (N=1000*5), SV+PV+DV (total variability [TV], N=1000*409*5). Analysis focused on the probability of exceeding the maximum dose constraint exceeded 5% for each OAR.
Results: The primary source of variability was PV, which was expected due to inter-observer planning abilities and preferences during the optimization planning process, even when all participants utilized the same constraints. The parotid had the most significant interquartile range (IQR) on the PV scenario. Conversely, adding SV, DV, and TV each reduced the IQR, showing a washing out effect on the DVCM.
Conclusion: Assessment of OAR sensitivity to DV will be highly sensitive to the specific planning technique and planner, likely requiring plan-specific assessment of in-tolerance delineation variations. Incorporation SV and DV variabilities in plan assessments washes out their relative impacts on maximum dose.
Systematic review of health-economic analysis of CRRT vs IRRT in acute AKI pa...Ambrish Singh
Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with substantial mortality and high economic burden. Though cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) have evaluated continuous RRTs (CRRT) and intermittent RRTs (IRRTs); it is yet to establish which RRT technique is most cost-effective. Hence, we systematically reviewed the current evidence from the CEAs of CRRT versus IRRTs in patients with AKI.
Interpretable Spiculation Quantification for Lung Cancer ScreeningWookjin Choi
Spiculations are spikes on the surface of pulmonary nodule and are important predictors of malignancy in lung cancer. In this work, we introduced an interpretable, parameter-free technique for quantifying this critical feature using the area distortion metric from the spherical conformal (angle-preserving) parameterization. The conformal factor in the spherical mapping formulation provides a direct measure of spiculation which can be used to detect spikes and compute spike heights for geometrically-complex spiculations. The use of the area distortion metric from conformal mapping has never been exploited before in this context. Based on the area distortion metric and the spiculation height, we introduced a novel spiculation score. A combination of our spiculation measures was found to be highly correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.48) with the radiologist's spiculation score. These measures were also used in the radiomics framework to achieve state-of-the-art malignancy prediction accuracy of 88.9% on a publicly available dataset.
Presentation by Scott Oliver, MD. Presented at the 2018 Eyes on a Cure: Patient & Caregiver Symposium, hosted by the Melanoma Research Foundation's CURE OM initiative.
Study on Physicians Request for Computed Tomography Examinations for Patients...IRJESJOURNAL
Background and objectives: There is a lot controversy about the use of Computed tomography (CT) for patients with minor head injury. We aimed to determine the practice of guiding rules for the safety of radiation and increasing awareness of physicians about risks of ionizing radiation and find out the reasons of emergency doctors for sending head injury patients to CT scan exams. Materials and Methods: A descriptive questionnaire in the Emergency Department (ED) based study was performed to assess physicians' knowledge of radiation doses received from radiological treatments and knowledge about Clinic Decision Support rules (CDS). The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions distributed to physicians working in the emergency department in six hospitals in East Java. Finally, the data collected have been analyzed by some tests using SPSS version 15 and Smart PLS. Results: In this study 44 participants had taken part. The percentage of general knowledge and awareness that shows the response of people who work in the emergency departments was total 44 respondents, by percent 6.8% of the respondents had passably knowledge, awareness and 84.1% they were having a good knowledge and awareness and 9.1% the respondents had very good knowledge and awareness. That means almost of respondents have good knowledge and awareness. To find out if an indicator is forming a construct (latent variables) testing the convergent validity of the measurement model with a reflexive indicator assessed based on the correlation between the item score to construct scores were calculated with the help of software Smart PLS. Size reflexive considered valid if the individual has a correlation (loading) to construct (latent variables) to be measured ≥ 0.5 or the value of t-statistics should ≥1.96 (test two tailed) at a significance level of α = 0.05. If one of the indicators has a leading value <0.5,><1.96, then the indicator should be discarded (dropped) because it indicates that the indicators are not good enough to measure the construct in right. The positive influence between general knowledge and awareness against to knowledge about radiation doses can be interpreted that the better general knowledge and awareness, then it will be followed by an increase in their knowledge about radiation doses. And vice versa, the worse general knowledge and awareness, then this will decrease their knowledge about radiation doses too. Conclusion: The present study has illustrated that the level of awareness and knowledge physicians who deal with ionizing radiation in CT scan units are adequate overall. There is a good influence between the diligence in applying the principles of guidance and rules stipulated by the nuclear energy in Indonesia by physicians to adjust the use of CT in the emergency department, the majority of participants who have a good awareness & knowledge, there are some of them do not have enough knowledge.
Evaluation of Radiotherapy Effect on Auditory System in Patients with Head and Neck Tumors by Seyedeh Mahtab Ashja Arvan in Experiments in Rhinology & Otolaryngology
Radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors may result in damage of different organs such as eyes and ears. However, there is no consensus regarding the level of damage, especially its effect on hearing threshold. This study has been designed to determine the effect of radiotherapy on auditory system of patients with head and neck tumors.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/ero/fulltext/ERO.000509.php
Bertrand de Meulder-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutr...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 29 de marzo de 2016 celebramos un Simposio Internacional sobre el 'Impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, nutrición y biotecnología'. Organizado por la Fundación Ramón Areces en colaboración con la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina y BioEuroLatina, abordó cómo un mejor conocimiento del genoma humano está permitiendo notables avances hacia una medicina de precisión.
Mel Reichman on Pool Shark’s Cues for More Efficient Drug DiscoveryJean-Claude Bradley
Mel Reichman, senior investigator and director of the LIMR Chemical Genomics Center at the Lankenau Institute for Medical Research presents at the chemistry department at Drexel University on November 12, 2009.
Modern drug discovery by high-throughput screening (HTS) begins with testing hundreds of thousands of compounds in biological assays. The confirmed hit rate for typical HTS is less than 0.5%; therefore, 99.5% of the costs of HTS are for generating null data. Orthogonal convolution of compound libraries (OCL) is 500% more efficient than present HTS practice. The OCL method combines 10 compounds per well. An advantage of this method is that each compound is represented twice in two separately arrayed pools. The potential for the approach to better enable academic centers of excellence to validate medicinally relevant biological targets is discussed.
Assessment of Entrance Skin Dose in routine x-ray examinations of chest, skul...IOSR Journals
It is assumed that children are more susceptible to the effects of ionizing radiation and so deserves
special attention. Entrance skin doses (ESD) and Effective dose (E) to pediatric patients were estimated during
chest, skull, abdomen and pelvis examination in five Nigeria hospitals using DoseCal software. The mean ESD
for Chest (PA) in age range 1 – 5 in the five hospitals (H1 – H5) were 70, 139, 130, 105 and 111μGy,
respectively. The median ESD values in all the examinations were compared with the NRPB and EC reference
level and were found to be lower except for Chest PA and Chest Lateral examinations. The mean effective doses
were compared with those found in literature and were found to be comparable. Data shows that there is
variation in the result of the ESD obtained and so adherence to guidelines should be demonstrated
Health Effects of Occupational Lead Exposures among Informal Automobile Repai...Premier Publishers
Chronic, high-level lead exposure is known to be a risk factor for kidney and liver diseases. The health effect of low-level occupational exposure to lead is less well known, particularly among informal automobile repair artisans, a population that is at risk of occupational lead exposures due to their predisposing occupational tasks. The study assessed blood lead levels and associated health risks on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) activity among the study participants. A descriptive comparative study was conducted and the participants included (n=30) occupationally exposed artisans and (n=30) non-exposed college students. Blood lead levels were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry according to the NIOSH 8003 method. Serum ALT activity and eGFR measurements were conducted using Reflotron automated biochemical analyzer. The eGFR was determined based on Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study (MDRD) equation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, ANOVA, and t-test. The mean blood lead (BPb) level of the artisans (25.36µg/dl±2.62SE) was significantly higher than that of the control participants (14.17µg/dl±1.74SE), (t (29) =3.65, p=0.001) and exceeded the 20µg/dl WHO biological exposure index (BEI) of concern for adults, (p=0.049).The artisans had a significantly decreased eGFR (128.37 mL/min/1.73m2 ± 4.37SE) compared to the control participants (152.93 mL/min/1.73m2 ± 3.91SE), (t (29) = -4.49, p =0.000). Moreover, the artisans had a lower mean serum ALT activity of (18.50 IU/L±1.63SE) compared to the control participants (21.34 IU/L± 2.85SE). However, the difference was insignificant, (t (29) = 0.86, p = 0.40). The study concluded that the artisans were occupationally exposed to lead and risked chronic pathological effects on the kidney and liver functions. The key recommendation therefore is to institute public health intervention measures to curb such occupational health risk among the artisans.
Future of radiation protection regulations presentationMohan Doss
This is the presentation I made at the 2015 Health Physics Society Annual Meeting, in the Special Session called
"Health Risks from Low Doses and Low Dose-Rates of Ionizing Radiation" on July 14, 2015.
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Acoustic Neuromas Clinical Whi...Brainlab
Learn more: https://www.brainlab.com/radiosurgery-products/
Acoustic neuromas (AN) have an annual incidence of approximately one per 100,000 people and may account for up to 8% of all new tumors presenting to a neurosurgical referral practice. Acoustic neuromas are benign tumors arising from Schwann cells from the vestibular branch of the eighth cranial nerve. Nevertheless, they can pursue a potentially aggressive course, with uncontrolled local growth resulting in compression of the brainstem and fourth ventricle, cranial nerve and other neurological deficits.
Assessing the Dosimetric Links between Organ-At-Risk Delineation Variability ...Wookjin Choi
Purpose: To determine the relative dosimetric impact of delineation variability (DV) when inter-observer and inter-technique planning variability (PV), and setup variability (SV) with are considered.
Methods: 409 plans for a single head-and-neck patient from the 2017 Radiation Knowledge plan competition were used. Plans were created with Eclipse (N=227), Pinnacle (N=49), RayStation (N=25), Monaco (N=75), and TomoTherapy (N=33) with delivery techniques conventional linac IMRT (N=142), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT, N=234), and helical TomoTherapy (N=33). All plans were optimized using a consistent set of target volumes and a single OAR structure set. Four additional OAR structure sets were contoured by radiation oncologists (N=2) and medical physics residents (N=2) who had completed head-and-neck contouring training. Probabilistic DVHs, dose-volume coverage maps (DVCM), which shows the probability of achieving a dose metric, were computed for each OAR on the following scenarios: SV alone (N=1000), SV+PV (N=1000*409), SV+DV (N=1000*5), SV+PV+DV (total variability [TV], N=1000*409*5). Analysis focused on the probability of exceeding the maximum dose constraint exceeded 5% for each OAR.
Results: The primary source of variability was PV, which was expected due to inter-observer planning abilities and preferences during the optimization planning process, even when all participants utilized the same constraints. The parotid had the most significant interquartile range (IQR) on the PV scenario. Conversely, adding SV, DV, and TV each reduced the IQR, showing a washing out effect on the DVCM.
Conclusion: Assessment of OAR sensitivity to DV will be highly sensitive to the specific planning technique and planner, likely requiring plan-specific assessment of in-tolerance delineation variations. Incorporation SV and DV variabilities in plan assessments washes out their relative impacts on maximum dose.
Systematic review of health-economic analysis of CRRT vs IRRT in acute AKI pa...Ambrish Singh
Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with substantial mortality and high economic burden. Though cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) have evaluated continuous RRTs (CRRT) and intermittent RRTs (IRRTs); it is yet to establish which RRT technique is most cost-effective. Hence, we systematically reviewed the current evidence from the CEAs of CRRT versus IRRTs in patients with AKI.
Interpretable Spiculation Quantification for Lung Cancer ScreeningWookjin Choi
Spiculations are spikes on the surface of pulmonary nodule and are important predictors of malignancy in lung cancer. In this work, we introduced an interpretable, parameter-free technique for quantifying this critical feature using the area distortion metric from the spherical conformal (angle-preserving) parameterization. The conformal factor in the spherical mapping formulation provides a direct measure of spiculation which can be used to detect spikes and compute spike heights for geometrically-complex spiculations. The use of the area distortion metric from conformal mapping has never been exploited before in this context. Based on the area distortion metric and the spiculation height, we introduced a novel spiculation score. A combination of our spiculation measures was found to be highly correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.48) with the radiologist's spiculation score. These measures were also used in the radiomics framework to achieve state-of-the-art malignancy prediction accuracy of 88.9% on a publicly available dataset.
Presentation by Scott Oliver, MD. Presented at the 2018 Eyes on a Cure: Patient & Caregiver Symposium, hosted by the Melanoma Research Foundation's CURE OM initiative.
Study on Physicians Request for Computed Tomography Examinations for Patients...IRJESJOURNAL
Background and objectives: There is a lot controversy about the use of Computed tomography (CT) for patients with minor head injury. We aimed to determine the practice of guiding rules for the safety of radiation and increasing awareness of physicians about risks of ionizing radiation and find out the reasons of emergency doctors for sending head injury patients to CT scan exams. Materials and Methods: A descriptive questionnaire in the Emergency Department (ED) based study was performed to assess physicians' knowledge of radiation doses received from radiological treatments and knowledge about Clinic Decision Support rules (CDS). The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions distributed to physicians working in the emergency department in six hospitals in East Java. Finally, the data collected have been analyzed by some tests using SPSS version 15 and Smart PLS. Results: In this study 44 participants had taken part. The percentage of general knowledge and awareness that shows the response of people who work in the emergency departments was total 44 respondents, by percent 6.8% of the respondents had passably knowledge, awareness and 84.1% they were having a good knowledge and awareness and 9.1% the respondents had very good knowledge and awareness. That means almost of respondents have good knowledge and awareness. To find out if an indicator is forming a construct (latent variables) testing the convergent validity of the measurement model with a reflexive indicator assessed based on the correlation between the item score to construct scores were calculated with the help of software Smart PLS. Size reflexive considered valid if the individual has a correlation (loading) to construct (latent variables) to be measured ≥ 0.5 or the value of t-statistics should ≥1.96 (test two tailed) at a significance level of α = 0.05. If one of the indicators has a leading value <0.5,><1.96, then the indicator should be discarded (dropped) because it indicates that the indicators are not good enough to measure the construct in right. The positive influence between general knowledge and awareness against to knowledge about radiation doses can be interpreted that the better general knowledge and awareness, then it will be followed by an increase in their knowledge about radiation doses. And vice versa, the worse general knowledge and awareness, then this will decrease their knowledge about radiation doses too. Conclusion: The present study has illustrated that the level of awareness and knowledge physicians who deal with ionizing radiation in CT scan units are adequate overall. There is a good influence between the diligence in applying the principles of guidance and rules stipulated by the nuclear energy in Indonesia by physicians to adjust the use of CT in the emergency department, the majority of participants who have a good awareness & knowledge, there are some of them do not have enough knowledge.
Current literature on dental radiology was reviewed in order to seek justification for radiological protection of patients in dental radiography, to explore the different factors affecting patient dose and to derive practical guidance on how to achieve radiological protection of patients in dentistry. Individual doses incurred in dental radiology are in general relatively low, however it is generally accepted that there is no safe level of radiation dose and that no matter how low the doses received are, there is a mathematical probability of an effect. Hence appropriate patient protection measures must be instituted to keep the exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). The literature review demonstrated that there is considerable scope for significant dose reductions in dental radiology using the techniques of optimization of protection.
Most dental professionals are not convinced of the need for regulatory control of dental radiography practice. They believe doses are too low to warrant regulatory control and consequently patient protective measures. This study shows that individual doses in dental radiology are relatively low. However, there is no safe level of radiation dose and that no
matter how low the doses received are, there is a
mathematical probability of an effect. Consequently, appropriate patient protection measures must be instituted to keep exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
Assessment of Health Care Workers Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Radiat...ijtsrd
Radiological doses are low and the chances of long time effect is minimal, but it should be kept as low as reasonably achievable. Therefore health workers especially Doctors requesting for imaging must be well trained in deciding when medical imaging should be carried out and should also have accurate knowledge of the associated risk involved. This can only be achieved if a proper knowledge and safety practice is adhered to. A cross sectional study to investigate the level of health workers knowledge, about radiation safety and their attitude towards radiation safety was carried out. A self administered questionnaire for radiation safety was sent to a purposive sample of 174 Health workers at a Specialist Hospital, in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. 169 questionnaires were filled and return by participant responsive rate 97.1 . The sample include 8 Radiologist, 72 Nurses, 3 Oncologist, 49 Clinicians, 26 Technicians and 11 Surgeons. Majority of the participants have never attain any radiation safety related training 76 . Radiologist and oncologist who were more frequently expose to ionizing radiation, their knowledge was not far better than the other health workers. The general knowledge score ranges from 5.9 to 60.9 , with a low score among nurses and surgeons. The most alarming was the applicability and convenience of radiation protection policies and procedure. Adherence to safety precaution practices was mostly violated by participants, especially nurses and surgeons, but they attributed it to the poor application of protective measures during performing the procedures. The investigation concluded that Health workers in a Specialist Hospital, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria have fair knowledge, negative attitude and poor safety practices towards radiation safety policies and precautions. Chenko G. Y. Nimchang | Ndam Moses Ponsel | Manset W. E. | Songden S. D "Assessment of Health Care Workers Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Radiation Safety at a Specialist Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46452.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/46452/assessment-of-health-care-workers-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-of-radiation-safety-at-a-specialist-hospital-jos-plateau-state-nigeria/chenko-g-y-nimchang
Ionizing radiation makes invasive cardiology procedures such as coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and electrophysiologic diagnostics and therapeutics possible .
Radiation risks can be thought of as deterministic (effects after exceeding certain threshold, e.g., skin burns) or stochastic (a risk of an outcome is proportional to the dose received, e.g., malignancy or teratogenicity) .
Reducing the radiation exposure in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is important, especially as procedures are becoming more complex .
Volumetric-Based Analysis of In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Quantita-tive MR Diffusion P...JohnJulie1
Imaging biomarkers are needed to assess modifications in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) induced by stroma-targeted therapies. The study investigates correlations between quantitative diffusion parameters obtained in vivo and ex vivo with a tumour volumetric approach and quantitative pathologic findings including fibrosis, vascular and total nuclear densities in PA
Volumetric-Based Analysis of In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Quantita-tive MR Diffusion P...JapaneseJournalofGas
Imaging biomarkers are needed to assess modifications in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) induced by stroma-targeted therapies. The study investigates correlations between quantitative diffusion parameters obtained in vivo and ex vivo with a tumour volumetric approach and quantitative pathologic findings including fibrosis, vascular and total nuclear densities in PA
Provides an overview of radiation and CT use in pregnancy including indications and clinical scenarios. Presentation material taken from journals with overall theme based on lecture by Elliot K. Fishman, MD.
In vivo characterization of breast tissue by non-invasive bio-impedance measu...ijbesjournal
Biological tissues have complex electrical impedance related to the tissue dimension, the internal structure
and the arrangement of the constituent cells. Since different tissues have different conductivities and
permittivities, the electrical impedance can provide useful information based on heterogeneous tissue
structures, physiological states and functions. In vivo bio-impedance breast measurements proved to be a
dependable method where these measurements can be adopted to characterize breast tissue into normal
and abnormal by a developed normalized coefficient of variation (NCV) as a numerical criterion of the bioimpedance
measurements. In this study 26 breasts in 26 women have been scanned with a homemade
Electrical Bio-impedance System (EBS). Characteristic breast conductivity and permittivity measurements
emerged for Mammographically normal and abnormal cases. CV and NCV are calculated for each case,
and the value of NCVs greater than 1.00 corresponds to abnormalities, particularly tumours while NCVs
less than 1.00 correspond to normal cases. The most promising results of (NCV) for permittivity at 1 MHz,
it detects 73% of abnormal cases including 100% tumor cases while it detects 82% of normal cases. The
numerical criterion NCV of in-vivo bio-impedance measurements of the breast appears to be promising in
breast cancer screening.
Cars are a very important part of this modern world because they give luxury and comfort. Even
though they are comfortable, some problems always keep arising on the safety side. After a lot of research they
rectified certain problems using air bags, auto parking, turbo charger, pedal shift…, etc.
And now we are going to discuss about one such problem that arises on the safety side. An unsuspected
accident occurs when people smash their fingers in between the car doors. Due to this kind of accident around
120,000 people are injured every year. But this was not taken as a very major safety concern for the customer.
To avoid this kind accident due to car doors, we are introducing “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”
with the help of “HYDRAULIC PISTON AND IR SENSORS”.
The major working process of the “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”is, when a person places his/her
hand or fingers in the gap between the door and the outer panel, at the time when the closing action of the door
takes place, the Sensors start to transmit the Infra Red Rays to the Receivers at the
other end, and so even if someone closes the door without anybody‟s knowledge the hydraulic piston will
automatically come out and stop the door from closing and prevent the person from the unsuspected accident
and minor injuries by the car door and ensure maximum safety to the customer.
Extrusion can be defined as the process of subjecting a material to compression so that it is forced to
flow through an opening of a die and takes the shape of the hole. Multi-hole extrusion is the process of
extruding the products through a die having more than one hole. Multi-hole extrusion increases the production
rate and reduces the cost of production. In this study the ram force has calculated experimentally for single hole
and multi-hole extrusion. The comparison of ram forces between the single hole and multi-hole extrusion
provides the inverse relation between the numbers of holes in a die and ram force. The experimental lengths of
the extruded products through the various holes of multi-hole die are different. It indicates that the flow pattern
is dependent on the material behavior. The micro-hardness test has done for the extruded products of lead
through multi-hole die. It is observed that the hardness of the extruded lead products from the central hole is
found to be more than that of the products extruded from other holes. The study suggests that multi-hole
extrusion can be used for obtaining the extruded products of lead with varying hardness. The micro-structure
study has done for the lead material before and after extrusion. It is observed that the size of grains of lead
material after extrusion is smaller than the original lead.
Analysis of Agile and Multi-Agent Based Process Scheduling Modelirjes
As an answer of long growing frustration of waterfall Software development life cycle concepts,
agile software development concept was evolved in 90’s. The most popular agile methodologies is the Extreme
Programming (XP). Most software companies nowadays aim to produce efficient, flexible and valuable
Software in short time period with minimal costs, and within unstable, changing environments. This complex
problem can be modeled as a multi-agent based system, where agents negotiate resources. Agents can be used to
represent projects and resources. Crucial for the multi-agent based system in project scheduling model, is the
availability of an effective algorithm for prioritizing and scheduling of task. To evaluate the models, simulations
were carried out with real life and several generated data sets. The developed model (Multi-agent based System)
provides an optimized and flexible agile process scheduling and reduces overheads in the software process as it
responds quickly to changing requirements without excessive work in project scheduling.
Effects of Cutting Tool Parameters on Surface Roughnessirjes
This paper presents of the influence on surface roughness of Co28Cr6Mo medical alloy machined
on a CNC lathe based on cutting parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius).The
influences of cutting parameters have been presented in graphical form for understanding. To achieve the
minimum surface roughness, the optimum values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were
respectively, 318 rpm, 0,1 mm/rev, 0,7 mm and 0,8 mm. Maximum surface roughness has been revealed the
values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were respectively, 318 rpm, 0,25 mm/rev, 0,9
mm and 0,4 mm.
Possible limits of accuracy in measurement of fundamental physical constantsirjes
The measurement uncertainties of Fundamental Physical Constants should take into account all
possible and most influencing factors. One from them is the finiteness of the model that causes the existence of
a-priori error. The proposed formula for calculation of this error provides a comparison of its value with the
actual experimental measurement error that cannot be done an arbitrarily small. According to the suggested
approach, the error of the researched Fundamental Physical Constant, measured in conventional field studies,
will always be higher than the error caused by the finite number of dimensional recorded variables of physicalmathematical
models. Examples of practical application of the considered concept for measurement of fine
structure constant, speed of light and Newtonian constant of gravitation are discussed.
Performance Comparison of Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cogniti...irjes
With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last decade has witnessed a growing
demand for wireless radio spectrum. However, the policy of fixed spectrum assignment produces a bottleneck for more
efficient spectrum utilization, such that a great portion of the licensed spectrum is severely under-utilized. So the concept of
cognitive radio was introduced to address this issue.The inefficient usage of the limited spectrum necessitates the
development of dynamic spectrum access techniques, where users who have no spectrum licenses, also known as secondary
users, are allowed to use the temporarily unused licensed spectrum. For this purpose we have to know the presence or
absence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrums sensing is one of the major requirements of cognitive radio.Many
spectrum sensing techniques have been developed to sense the presence or absence of a licensed user. This paper evaluates
the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing technique in noisy and fading environments.The
performance of the energy detection technique will be evaluated by use of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves
over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels.
Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Differe...irjes
In this paper, the conventional steel frames having triangular Pratt truss as a roofing system of 60 m
length, span 30m and varying bay spacing 4m, 5m and 6m respectively having eaves level for all the portals is at
10m and the EOT crane is supported at the height of 8m from ground level and pre-engineered steel frames of
same dimensions are analyzed and designed for wind zones (wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4 and wind
zone 5) by using STAAD Pro V8i. The study deals with the comparative study of both conventional and preengineered
with respect to the amount of structural steel required, reduction in dead load of the structure.
Flip bifurcation and chaos control in discrete-time Prey-predator model irjes
The dynamics of discrete-time prey-predator model are investigated. The result indicates that the
model undergo a flip bifurcation which found by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory.
Numerical simulation not only illustrate our results, but also exhibit the complex dynamic behavior, such as the
periodic doubling in period-2, -4 -8, quasi- periodic orbits and chaotic set. Finally, the feedback control method
is used to stabilize chaotic orbits at an unstable interior point.
Energy Awareness and the Role of “Critical Mass” In Smart Citiesirjes
A Smart City could be depicted as a place, logical and physical, in which a crowd of heterogeneous
entities is related in time and space through different types of interactions. Any type of entity, whether it is a
device or a person, clustered in communities, becomes a source of context-based data.
Energy awareness is able to drive the process of bringing our society to limit energy waste and to optimize
usage of available resources, causing a strong environmental and social impact. Then, following social network
analysis methodologies related to the dynamics of complex systems, it is possible to find out, emergent and
sometimes hidden new habits of electricity usage. Through an initial Critical Mass, involving a multitude of
consumers, each related to more contexts, we evaluate the triggering and spreading of a collective attitude. To
this aim, in this paper, we propose a novel analytical model defining a new concept of critical mass, which
includes centrality measures both in a single layer and in a multilayer social network.
A Firefly Algorithm for Optimizing Spur Gear Parameters Under Non-Lubricated ...irjes
Firefly algorithm is one of the emerging evolutionary approaches for complex and non-linear
optimization problems. It is inspired by natural firefly‟s behavior such as movement of fireflies based on
brightness and by overcoming the constraints such as light absorption, obstacles, distance, etc. In this research,
firefly‟s movement had been simulated computationally to identify the best parameters for spur gear pair by
considering the design and manufacturing constraints. The proposed algorithm was tested with the traditional
design parameters and found the results are at par in less computational time by satisfying the constraints.
The Effect of Orientation of Vortex Generators on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction ...irjes
One of the main reasons for the aerodynamic drag in automotive vehicles is the flow separation
near the vehicle’s rear end. To delay this flow separation, vortex generators are used in recent vehicles. The
vortex generators are commonly used in aircrafts to prevent flow separation. Even though vortex generators
themselves create drag, but they also reduce drag by delaying flow separation at downstream. The overall effect
of vortex generators is more beneficial and proved by experimentation. The effect depends on the shape,size and
orientation of vortex generators. Hence optimized shape with proper orientation is essential for getting better
results.This paper presents the effect of vortex generators at different orientation to the flow field and the
mechanism by which these effects takes place.
An Assessment of The Relationship Between The Availability of Financial Resou...irjes
The availability of financial resources is an important element in impacting the success of a planning
process for an effective physical planning. The extent to which however, they are articulated in the process
remained elusive both in scholarly and public discourse. The objective of this study wastherefore, to examine
the extent to which financial resources affect physical planning. In doing so, the study examinedwhether
financial resources were adequate or not to facilitate planning processes in Paidha. According to the study
findings,budget prioritization and ceilings are still a challenge in Paidha Town Council. This is partly due
limited level of knowledge of physical planning among the officials of Paidha Town Council. As a result, there
were no dedicated budget line for routine inspection of physical development plan compliance and enforcement
tools in Paidha. In conclusion, in addressing uncoordinated patterns of physical development that characterize
Uganda‟s urban centres, a critical starting point ought to be the analysis of physical planning process. The
research of this kind is not only significant to other emerging urban centres facing poor a road network,
mushrooming informal settlements and poor social services including poor pattern of residential and commercial
developments but also to all institutions that are involved in planning these towns. Knowing the extent of need
for financial influences in planning may assist local authorities to take the processes of planning seriously which
will help enhance the sustainable development of emerging urban centres including Paidha.
The Choice of Antenatal Care and Delivery Place in Surabaya (Based on Prefere...irjes
- Person's desire to do a pregnancy examination is determined by the service place that suits the tastes
and facilities owned by it. Until now, the utilization of antenatal care by pregnant women is still low (Mardiana,
2014). The purpose of the study is to analyze factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care and delivery place
in Surabaya city based on the preferences and choice theory.
Type of survey research is cross sectional approach, the population is mothers who have children aged 1-
12 months in Surabaya. The large sample of 250 mothers who have children aged 1-12 months in 2013 is taken
by simple random sampling technique. Variables of the research are the preference elements and steps, choice
elements and steps, utilization of antenatal care and delivery place. Data were collected through questionnaires
and secondary data were then analyzed with descriptive statistics in the form of a frequency distribution, shown
by the schematic diagram.
The result showed that the preference elements and steps showed almost half (42.9%) desire to give birth
in a health care because of information got from someone else, while the choice element and step shows the
bulk (57.1%) of the criteria of delivery place chosen is a safe, comfortable and cheap delivery place, the labor
place which is the main choice most (57.1%) is cheap, comfortable, close.
Conclusion of the research based on the preferences and choice theory can be found three (3) new
theories, they are preferences become choice, preferences do not become choice, choice is preceded by
preferences
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
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Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
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EFFECTS OF X-RAY RADIATION EXPOSURE TOWARD LYMPHOCYTES OF RADIOGRAPHERS IN ABCD HOSPITAL OF MATARAM TOWN 2014
1. International Refereed Journal ofEngineering and Science (IRJES)
ISSN (Online) XXXX-XXXX, (Print) XXXX-XXXX
Volume X, Issue X (XXXXX 2014), PP.
www.irjes.org 1 | Page
EFFECTS OF X-RAY RADIATION EXPOSURE TOWARD LYMPHOCYTES
OF RADIOGRAPHERS IN ABCD HOSPITAL OF MATARAM TOWN 2014
alfianalaydrusk3@gmail.com
M. Alfian Alaydrus1, Gandu Eko Julianto2, Mahfuddin Yusbud3,
Hafid Lukman Hanafi4,Meddy Harjanto5, Ningih Dewi Sumaningrum6,
Y. Denny Ardyanto W7
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
(Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Abstract :-X-ray radiation sources in ABCD Hospitalisused as one of the healthfacilities and the role of
management, itis not maximized as well in providing protection against the radiographer. The use of personal
protective equipmentisstilla rare thingdone right by the radiologist. This studyaimed to analyze the influence of
X-ray radiation to the lymphocytes of radiographer in the ABCD Hospital. This studyis a quantitative
studyconductedin 4 Hospitals in Mataram, West NusaTenggara (NTB) in June and October 2014. The
populations in thisstudywere all radiographerswhoworking in ABCD Hospital as many as 30 peopl e. The
sampling technique usedis simple randomsamplingwhere a sample size of 28 people. Data wasanalyzed by
usingregressionanalysis.Theseresultsindicatethat the radiologistcharacteristics affect the lymphocytes wereage
(p = 0.028), radiation protection training (p = 0.046), use of APD (p = 0.026) and radiation dose (p = 0.046).
Radiation protection efforts at A hospital are still not good and B, C and D hospitals are good .
Keywords: - radiation, X-Ray, radiation dose, radiographer characteristic
I. INTRODUCTION
X-ray radiation Exposure has a bad effect on human health, especially the effects on human biology
aspect. Hematopoietic and lymphatic system damage in Humans is due to exposure to biological effects of
ionizing radiation on the human body. ABCD hospital is a hospital located in the town of Mataram. ABCD
Hospital is the main choice by the town of Mataramfor health checks and health care services. One of the health
care services is a health facility that uses X-rays. Based on the results of preliminary studies on the ABCD
Hospital Radiology Unit has a considerable number of Patients to be served a year is about 13.500 patients. A
large number of Patients led to the radiologist often, operate X-ray technologist and consequently more often
exposed to those X-ray. Major factor concern in this study is the amount of radiation absorbed dose when
operating the X-ray and what Efforts have been implemented by the Hospital to protect the radiographer from
radiation exposure. The degree of Decrease in the number of human peripheral blood cells as a result of X-rays
or gamma rays depend on the dose received (Gabriel, 1996). One control that can be done is to take
measurements of radiation exposure dose with a blood test, especially in the white blood cells to see its limposit.
Hematopoietic Indicators commonly used as an indication of radiation exposure are leukocyte count, absolute
lymphocyte count, neuotrofil, platelet, and red blood cells. White blood cells, especially lymphocytes are the
most bioindicator response to radiation. Blood cell count, Instant confirmation is used in general because blood
cell count has been used routinely and in addition many experts have been trained in handling it intervening
quickly. Hematopoietic system disorders due to exposure to radiation resulted in a number of blood cells,
decreases with sensitivity and life expectancy, where lymphocytes are first reacted, Followed by granulocytes,
platelets and erittrosit at the end (Lusiyanti, 2007). This study is aimed to analyze the influence of X-ray
radiation of the lymphocytes of radiographers in ABCD hospital.
II. MATERIALSANDMETHODS
This study was conducted at Hospital Mataram Town, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). This research is
quantitative with a causal relationship, since the goal of this research is to explain the causal relationships
between variables in the form of influence through hypothesis testing. This study used a cross-sectional study
design. The populations in this study were all radiographers working in ABCD Hospital, as many as 30 people.
Based on the sample size formula if the population of this study were 30 people, the s ample sizes of this study
were 28 people of radiographers. Data processing was performed by using a computer program through the
stages of editing, coding, data entry and processing, then the data was analyzed for the presentation of the data,
it is done in the form of a frequency distribution table with the narrative. Analysis of the data used are: (1)
univariate analysis for every variable of the research by using a frequency distribution table in the distribution
2. International Refereed Journal ofEngineering and Science (IRJES)
ISSN (Online) XXXX-XXXX, (Print) XXXX-XXXX
Volume X, Issue X (XXXXX 2014), PP.
www.irjes.org 2 | Page
and the resulting percentage of study variables and used as the scale variable category the which aims to
simplify and save the table that will be narrated, (2) logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the
direction of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Independent variables associated
positively or negatively, and to predict the value of the dependent variable when the independent variable values
are Decrease or increase.
III. RESULT
Table 1Analysis resultRegresionLogisticEnter Metod
Independent
Variable
Limfosit
Conclusion
Exp (B) Sig.
Age 0,413 0,028 Signifikan
Useof APD 0,001 0,026 Signifikan
Radiation Dose 6,815 0,046 Signifikan
Gender 3,466 0,425 notsignifikan
Protection
training
0,01 0,046
Signifikan
Work Period 0,003 0,094 notSignifikan
Based on the analysis of variables of age resulted in a significance of 0.028. 0.028 significance level of
less than 0.05 (0.028 <0.05), it can be seen that the hypothesis that age affects the lymphocytes can be accepted.
Based on the analysis on the variable use of APD produce a significance of 0.026. 0.026 significance level of
less than 0.05 (0.026 <0.5), it can be seen that the hypothesis that the use of APD effect on lymphocyte
acceptable. Based on the analysis on the training variable protection radiation, produces a significance of 0.046.
0.046 significance level of less than 0.05 (0.046 <0.05), it can be seen that the hypothesis that radiation
protection training effect on lymphocyte acceptable. Based on the analysis on tenure variable p roduces a
significance of 0.086 is greater than 0.05, it can be seen that the hypothesis that tenure effect on lymphocyte
unacceptable. Based on the analysis on the gender variable produces a significance of 0.425. 0.425 significance
level greater than 0.05 (0.425> 0.05), it can be seen that the hypothesis that gender affects the lymphocytes
cannot be accepted. Based on the analysis on the variable radiation dose resulted in a significance of 0.046 level
significance less than 0.05 (0.046 <0.05), it can be seen that the hypothesis that the radiation dose effects on
lymphocyte is acceptable.
Tabel 2Analysis result RegresionLogistic Backward LR Metode
Independen
Independent
Limfosit
Conclusion
Exp (B) Sig.
Useof APD 0,002 0,026 Signifikan
Radiation
Protection
Training
0,01 0,043
Signifikan
Age 0,456 0,025 Signifikan
Radiation Dose 5,472 0,037 Signifikan
Based on the results of the regression analysis tables can be explained that most of influential variable
magnitude 5.15 is the radiation dose, age, training in radiation protection and use of APD.
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IV. DISCUSSION
4.1 Age
Based on the analysis conducted that age radiographers have a significant effect on lymphocytes. Age
influence as 0.413 times against lymphocyte disorders. That age has a great technologist at 0.413 times the risk
compared to other variables against lymphocyte disorders. This is consistent with the function of the human
immune system in its formation. The human immune system of infants to mature adult endurance will creating
the best form when people age range of 27-30 years and a decrease in the age of 30 years and above, but in
small quantities and still within normal limits (Darmojo, 2001 ). Increased with age, which means human being
growing old, then the function of the human body is declining, Including the immune system, especially in the
elderly age is above 65 years. Radiographers are the most normal lymphocytes in 23-27 year old of radiologist
as many as 13 people (68.4%) and most of age radiographer with normal lymphocytes at the age of 26 and 27
years respectively by 4 people (21.1%) of the 19 people who have normal lymphocytes. The results are
consistent with research Hidayati (2012) which has the result of research that radiographer who had leukocyte
counts that are not normally found in the age of 28-33 years old of radiologist.
4.2 Gender
Based on the results of the analysis conducted found that gender has no effect on lymphocytes. Occurrence
of abnormal lymphocyte count does not depend on gender, which means that anyone can be exposed to the
effects of radiation exposure. This is in line with the requirement to work as a radiographer that there is no
requirement that states radiographer requires a specific gender. In general endurance in a female is better than
the endurance of male because females have the X chromosomes more base than males but there is no certainty
that the effects of radiation exposure would be an effect to kind of particular sex. Radiographer’s abnormal
lymphocytes of male sex amounted as 6 people (66.7%) and normal numbered as 13 people (68.4%). For female
radiographer totaling 9 people known that abnormal lymphocytes were 3 people (33.3%) and normal as much as
6 people (31.6%). Based on the results above in general between men and women the effect of exposure to X-
ray radiation is almost equivalent to the value of the exposure received by men and women.
4.3 Work Period
Work period is the length of when first person started working until ongoing now. The longer a person
works the more it will deepen and become an expert in the areas of expertise including work as a radiographer.
The results of the analysis is based on research that has been conducted found that the period of employment
does not have any effect on lymphocytes. This can be caused by radiographers with tenure <5 years more
frequently, operate X-rays than the radiographer who >5 years old when the study was conducted. In addition,
radiographers of who tenure under 5 years of working with the division of work shifts and radiographers who
have worked more than 5 years only works on the morning shift only. It is clear that the effects of radiation
exposure to X-rays do not see from one's working life, but based on the magnitude of the dose received when
operating of X-rays. In addition, the use of APD can also be used as a reference so that every radiologist can
operate it, thereby reducing exposure to X-ray radiation
4.4 Radiation Protection Training
Based on the results of the study stated that the radiation protection training has an influence on
lymphocytes. This means that the radiation protection training has no effect of 0.01 times compared to the other
variables of the lymphocytes in the ABCD hospital’s radiographer which means that the effect of radiation
protection training by 0.01 times compared to other variables against lymphocyte disorders radiographer. Based
on the results of the analysis indicate that the radiographer who most abnormal lymphocytes in the radiographer
who are not trained as much as 6 people (66.7%) and radiographers roommates mostly as normal lymphocytes
in the training of radiation technologist as many as 13 people (68.4 %). Most of the training radiographers who
are not financed by the hospital. Technologist who has trained more radiation protection who are not usin g APD
when working Compared with no training are 7 people (58.3%) had received training 5 people (41.7%) who
have not been trained. This is because the radiographer training assignments outside of the hospital and the
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training is long enough before radiographers linked began working at the hospital so that the radiologist is
starting to forget the training materials that have been followed. When viewed fromage, radiographers are using
APD training and not much going on radiographer who has over 30 years. It is also related to training
undertaken by the radiologist should be given training by the hospital, so the knowledge will always
remembered.
4.5 Use of APD
Based on the survey results revealed that the use of personal protective equipment have amounted to 0.001
times Compared to the influence of other variables on lymphocytes radiographer. Analysis of the effect of the
use of APD radiographer against lymphocytes is APD use has the effect of other variables 0.001 times
compared to the radiographer lymphocyte disorders. It is claimed that the use of APD will give effect to the
human body by protecting the human body from exposure to X-ray radiation. Use of APD in the radiographer
especially the apron can protect the radiographer of X-ray radiation exposure. The use of APD is the last attempt
to protect workers from hazards in the workplace. The more radiographers who APD use, the more
radiographers who have normal lymphocytes. Based on the analysis that has been made known that the
radiographer abnormal lymphocytes occurred at the radiographer who is not using APD are 6 people (66.7%).
Radiographer is normal lymphocytes in the use of APD at most the radiographer with a value of 75, which
means that during the observation radiographers who use APD for 3 times per weeks as many as 10 people
(52.6%). Based on the analysis above table it can be concluded that the radiographer who use APD are more
protected from the dangers of exposure to X-radiation and growing of normal lymphocytes.
4.6 Radiation Dose
Based on the results, it showed that the dose of radiation has an influence on radiographer lymphocytes.
The results of the analysis of the effect of radiation dose to radiographer against lymphocytes are absorbed dose
of radiation technologist has the effect of 6.815 times than other variables to disruption of lymphocytes in the
radiographer. The radiation dose received by the radiologist is all still in the normal range is under NBD,
although the entire radiographers receive radiation exposure under abnormal lymphocytes NBD still
radiographer who totaled 9 people (32.1%). Based on the results of the analysis can be concluded that there are
factors that affect the results read that the radiation dose can be illustrated by the presence of radiographers who
have abnormal lymphocytes. Exposure for more than 1-2 days to ionizing radiation at doses above 1 gray (Gy)
will cause acute effects and are characterized by cell damage and death of body tissue exposed to radiation.
Doses of 0.05 to 0.25 gray, exposure to ionizing radiation usually does not cause clinical signs and symptoms
despite chromosomal damage, it may be detected in cells limsofit. Exposure at a dose of 1 gray Generally do not
cause clinical symptoms, but in some individuals description can cause a decrease in the number of white blood
cells and platelets. Exposure at a dose of 1-2.5 gray will cause symptoms Reviews such as nausea, vomiting, and
fatigue and hematologic changes early, especially a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and an increase in
the number of white blood cells that are temporary. After a latent phase, exposure at this dose will cause a
depression in the bone marrow and this will cause leucopenia (white blood cell count decreases),
thrombocytopenia (platelet count or Decreased blood clotting cells), and anemia (anemia). At doses above 4
gray, acute exposure will lead to Acute Radiation Syndrome great with complications in the digestive tract
(WHO, 1986). Deterministic effects on reproductive organs or gonads can interfere with the process of the
formation of sperm cells are produced. 0.15 Gy radiation dose can already lead to a decrease in the number of
sperm cells (oligospermy). Doses up to 2 Gy can cause temporary sterility during 1-2 years. Permanent sterility
threshold dose in 3.5 to 6 Gy (Alatas, 2004). The decline in the number of sperm may affect fertility. One of the
factors that can affect fertility is particularly subject of radiation exposure to ionizing radiation in which the x-
rays include ionizing radiation (Olayemi, 2010). Therefore, radiation is Often Considered to be scary for some
people because radiation can cause sterility (infertile).
The sensitivity of the various organs of the body to ionizing radiation varies greatly. Thus various organs
and tissues of the body have a different threshold dose. Skin classified into groups very sensitive organs to
radiation. in addition to the testes and ovaries. Radiation exposure on the skin may occur during diagnostic
procedures, treatment and during the work related to the radiation source (Tubiana, 1990). Radiation exposure
of the skin causing the circuit changes are generally the same as the dose Increased absorption of various types
of radiation, or the fraction of time that different doses for divided doses. Stages of change and the time required
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for type of damage to the skin is consistent (Archhambeau, 1987). skin and hair Damage is a radiation induced
deterministic effect that will arise when the absorbed dose received has exceeded the threshold dose. The
severity is highly dependent on large doses. The greater of the radiation dose, the more damage would be
happen (Tubiana, 1990). When viewed in terms of time occurrence of damage to the skin, the order of the
damage that caused by radiation exposure can be grouped into two periods: the period beginning and ending. In
the initial period radiation effects occur immediately within 70-120 days after exposure to radiation damage in
the form of erythema (skin reddish color), desquamation (peeling skin) dry and moist desquamation. While
damage to the end of the period as a delayed effect that Occurs within 4-6 months to Several years in the form
of atrophy (hardening of the skin) in the epidermis and dermis, telangiectasia, fibrosis and skin necrosis (death
of skin tissue) (Archhambeau, 1987).
4.7 Radiation Protection Effort
ABCD Hospital has a radiology service unit of which means hospitals employ radiographers that have a
source of radiation in the workplace. Based on BATAN (2011) that the radiology roomhas a standard roomthat
is used. Under the regulation ABCD hospital has run various efforts to provide the safety and health of the
radiographer. Efforts made by the hospital in this case using the knowledge of Health and Safety (K3) is a
Hazard Control hierarchy consisting of elimination, substitution, engineering, administrative controls and
personal protective equipment (APD). Under the control of the hospital hierarchy cannot do because of the
Efforts of elimination and substitution of materials (radiation source) cannot be removed and replaced because it
is one of the tools of health facilities. Based on the results Obtained, the radiologist at the ABCD Hospital is not
provided by the hospital for medical examination. Radiographers shall be given a medical examination by the
hospital facility, this is in accordance to the Decree of the Head of Nuclear Energy Supervisory Agency
Number: 01 / Ka-Bapeten / V-99 on Provisions against Radiation Safety stating that the responsibility of the
installation employers must conduct medical examinations for apprentices and radiation workers and health
services for radiation workers. Accordingly, hospitals should provide and organize health checks to employees.
ABCD Hospital has run various efforts to provide the safety and health of the radiographer. Efforts made by
the hospital in this case science approach, Occupational Health and Safety (K3) is a Hazard Control hierarchy
consisting of elimination, substitution, engineering, administrative controls and personal protective equipment
(APD). The Efforts made by the ABCD Hospital as the table below.
Tabel 3Description radiation protection effort in hospital ABCD
No Hospital
Radiation protection efforthospital Total
tehnique
(10 Observation)
Administartif
(8 Observation)
APD
(7 Observation)
(25Observation)
1 A 60.00 78.12 42.85 61.00
2 B 87.50 81.25 46.42 74.00
3 C 90.00 84.37 89.28 88.00
4 D 85.00 84.37 82.14 84.00
Total Score 40.00 32.00 28.00 100
Assessment of radiation protection Efforts that have been made by the hospital is done by giving the
value of scoring at any observations made on 25 criteria for observation. 25 of this observation criteria consisted
of 10 observations engineering, administrative controls and 8 observations, 7 observations APD. Based on the
table above it is known that radiation protection safeguards that have been performed by hospital that has the
highest value is the C hospital with a total value of 88 and the and lowest is a hospital with a total value of 61.
When Compared based on assessment criteria home ill of C hospital still has the highest score of the criteria
and the lowest is also still in A hospital.
V. CONCLUSION
radiographer who works in the ABCD Hospital more males, the average service life of 5-6 years with the
last education of D3, more radiographers who follow training in radiation protection and use of APD. Abnormal
6. International Refereed Journal ofEngineering and Science (IRJES)
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lymphocytes in the radiographer of ABCD hospital numbered as 9 and 19 normal lymphocytes. Radiographers’
characteristics that Affect lymphocytes were age, radiation protection training and use of APD. The radiation
dose received by the radiologist of ABCD hospital is the effect on lymphocytes. Radiation protection Efforts
that have been made by the A hospital is still not good and B, C and D hospital Efforts radiation protection has
been done and has been good. Effects of exposure to X-ray radiation in the ABCD Hospital has an influence on
the lymphocytes roommates are valued at radiation doses, Age radiographer, radiation protection training and
use of APD. The division of labor hours must be tailored to the age radiographer radiographers in the case to
determine the maximum dose that can be received by the radiographers within normal limits by using the
formula of MPD = 5 (N - 18) rem.
VI. SUGGESTION
Based on the research that has been made known that the radiation dose, radiation protection training, the
use of APD and Age radiographer are influenced on lymphocytes. The results of observations of radiation
protection Efforts that have been done in a hospital of A, B, C and D is known that the A hospital radiation
protection is still not good. Based on the advice that can be given is the ABCD Hospital must create a firmand
consistent rules for problem use of APD that radiographers will always use APD when working. There must be
people who supervision it carefully about the use of APD is particularly important because the use of the TLD is
used to determine the absorbed dose received. The hospital must provide radiation protection training to more
radiographer. radiographers order to know how to reduce radiation exposure to X-rays properly. The hospital
must provide APD to complete in accordance with the type of tests done and APD that has been held to be
admitted to the condition that the function intact who radiographer growing to PAK (abnormal lymphocytes)
must be followed so that the radiologist can work well linked or given treatment so that Reviews of their
condition improved as well.
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