Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower is a 204-meter tall educational facility in Tokyo designed by Tange Associates to accommodate 10,000 students within its elliptical, cocoon-like form. The unique shape maximizes natural light and views while minimizing wind impact. It successfully houses three vocational schools through its vertical campus layout within the limited urban site. The creative design nurtures student growth and community vitality through features like three-story lounges with sweeping city views and a network of indoor and outdoor pedestrian areas. The complex engineering overcomes structural challenges through the use of steel diagrid frames, dampers, and an innovative retractable roof to enable emergency helicopter access.
The Crystal palace, an example of victorian architecture. Sir Joseph Paxton who was the architect of this and created a revolution bt made this structure with cast iron and glass. Though it doesn't exist anymore, for the cause of fire in 1936.
This building was served for exhibition purpose.More than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world gathered in its 990,000-square-foot (92,000 m2) exhibition space to display examples of technology developed in the Industrial Revolution.
Vernacular architecture refers to traditional structures built using local materials that are tailored to the climatic, cultural, and functional needs of a particular society. It is influenced by factors like climate, culture, and available materials. An example is presented on the vernacular architecture of Himachal Pradesh, which is adapted to the cold climate through orientation, small windows, and sloped roofs to drain heavy rainfall and snowfall. Houses are also influenced by cultural practices like joint families, separate areas for cooking and animals, and auspicious calendar months for construction.
A tensile structure is a construction where load bearing capacity is achieved through tension stress in components like cables, fabrics, or foils. Tension structures include boundary tensioned membranes, pneumatic structures, and pre-stressed cable nets and beams. Tensile membrane structures are often used as roofs as they can economically span large distances. Common types include saddle roofs supported by high and low points, mast-supported structures with fabric attached to interior masts, and structures stabilized by cables in tension like suspension bridges. Tensile structures provide benefits like unique designs, natural lighting, low maintenance, and cost efficiency.
This document discusses long span floor systems and provides classifications and examples of different structural forms used for long spans. It discusses form active systems like cable structures, tent structures and arch structures. It also discusses section active systems like frame structures and surface active systems like shell structures and folded plate structures. Specific examples of projects using different structural forms are provided along with their advantages and limitations.
This document discusses steel portal frames, which are low-rise structures used for industrial and warehouse buildings. They consist of columns connected by horizontal or pitched beams via moment-resisting connections. This allows the frame to act as a single structural unit and reduces bending moments in the beams. Pin joints are introduced to overcome rotational stresses from the beams to the columns. The document then discusses loads on portal frames, proper joint and foundation design, and bracing requirements. It provides specifications for typical steel sections used in portal frames and dimensions. Finally, it summarizes the steel portal frame roof design of the Turbhe Railway Station in India, which features an 84-meter long semi-circular ribbed arch roof.
This document summarizes a curtain wall system and provides details about a company that designs, fabricates, and installs such systems. It discusses two main types of curtain wall systems and provides a case study of a project completed by the company. Key points include that curtain walls are non-load bearing exterior walls that prevent water and air infiltration. The company has extensive experience with projects in Malaysia and other countries. The case study outlines details of a large residential tower project in Kuala Lumpur completed using unitized curtain wall systems with double glazed low-e coated panels and brise soleil shading.
A tensile structure carries only tension and no compression or bending forces. It uses a fabric material stretched over a framework to provide stability. Tension roofs are loaded only in tension with no resistance to compression or bending. Tensile structures have environmental benefits like longer lifecycles, reusability, and recyclability with less construction debris. They provide flexible design aesthetics, translucency, durability, lightweight construction, and cost benefits from reduced energy usage. Common types include free-standing, mast-supported, and arch-supported structures.
Presented by Students of Bachelors of Architecture at Kathmandu Engineering College in Design Theory II class. Course Lecturer: Asso. Prof. Chand S Rana
This presentation explores the life, philosophy, and works of Architect Kenzo Tange.
The Crystal palace, an example of victorian architecture. Sir Joseph Paxton who was the architect of this and created a revolution bt made this structure with cast iron and glass. Though it doesn't exist anymore, for the cause of fire in 1936.
This building was served for exhibition purpose.More than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world gathered in its 990,000-square-foot (92,000 m2) exhibition space to display examples of technology developed in the Industrial Revolution.
Vernacular architecture refers to traditional structures built using local materials that are tailored to the climatic, cultural, and functional needs of a particular society. It is influenced by factors like climate, culture, and available materials. An example is presented on the vernacular architecture of Himachal Pradesh, which is adapted to the cold climate through orientation, small windows, and sloped roofs to drain heavy rainfall and snowfall. Houses are also influenced by cultural practices like joint families, separate areas for cooking and animals, and auspicious calendar months for construction.
A tensile structure is a construction where load bearing capacity is achieved through tension stress in components like cables, fabrics, or foils. Tension structures include boundary tensioned membranes, pneumatic structures, and pre-stressed cable nets and beams. Tensile membrane structures are often used as roofs as they can economically span large distances. Common types include saddle roofs supported by high and low points, mast-supported structures with fabric attached to interior masts, and structures stabilized by cables in tension like suspension bridges. Tensile structures provide benefits like unique designs, natural lighting, low maintenance, and cost efficiency.
This document discusses long span floor systems and provides classifications and examples of different structural forms used for long spans. It discusses form active systems like cable structures, tent structures and arch structures. It also discusses section active systems like frame structures and surface active systems like shell structures and folded plate structures. Specific examples of projects using different structural forms are provided along with their advantages and limitations.
This document discusses steel portal frames, which are low-rise structures used for industrial and warehouse buildings. They consist of columns connected by horizontal or pitched beams via moment-resisting connections. This allows the frame to act as a single structural unit and reduces bending moments in the beams. Pin joints are introduced to overcome rotational stresses from the beams to the columns. The document then discusses loads on portal frames, proper joint and foundation design, and bracing requirements. It provides specifications for typical steel sections used in portal frames and dimensions. Finally, it summarizes the steel portal frame roof design of the Turbhe Railway Station in India, which features an 84-meter long semi-circular ribbed arch roof.
This document summarizes a curtain wall system and provides details about a company that designs, fabricates, and installs such systems. It discusses two main types of curtain wall systems and provides a case study of a project completed by the company. Key points include that curtain walls are non-load bearing exterior walls that prevent water and air infiltration. The company has extensive experience with projects in Malaysia and other countries. The case study outlines details of a large residential tower project in Kuala Lumpur completed using unitized curtain wall systems with double glazed low-e coated panels and brise soleil shading.
A tensile structure carries only tension and no compression or bending forces. It uses a fabric material stretched over a framework to provide stability. Tension roofs are loaded only in tension with no resistance to compression or bending. Tensile structures have environmental benefits like longer lifecycles, reusability, and recyclability with less construction debris. They provide flexible design aesthetics, translucency, durability, lightweight construction, and cost benefits from reduced energy usage. Common types include free-standing, mast-supported, and arch-supported structures.
Presented by Students of Bachelors of Architecture at Kathmandu Engineering College in Design Theory II class. Course Lecturer: Asso. Prof. Chand S Rana
This presentation explores the life, philosophy, and works of Architect Kenzo Tange.
This document discusses the modular design and facade case study of a multi-functional sports hall in Cluj Napoca, Romania. Originally planned with monolithic concrete frames, the design was changed to precast concrete elements to reduce construction time from 36 to 12 months. The roof structure is made of steel space trusses with a clear span of 64 meters. Joints in the truss were analyzed using finite element modeling to ensure structural stability and capacity. The building provides seating for 7,000 spectators and space for various sports and cultural events.
The document summarizes the Milwaukee Art Museum Quadracci Pavilion expansion project. It discusses the architect, Santiago Calatrava, the materials used including 20,000 cubic yards of concrete and 2,100 tons of steel, and the position along Lake Michigan. It describes the unique Burke brise soleil sunshade with 72 movable fins. It compares the size of the structure to a Boeing 747 airplane. The expansion has received numerous honors and awards for its architectural design.
The Bishan Cultural and Art Center in Shongquing, China was designed by Tanghua Architects and Associates and completed in 2016. The 37736.51 square meter center was designed in a contemporary architectural style to resemble the ancient description of the "Mountains made of jade" through an abstract form that reflects the surrounding landscape. The building is composed of three blocks connected by stairs that mimic mountain climbing, with glass curtain wall facades on the northeast sides that use triangular planes and aluminum mesh to form traditional Chinese patterns while also representing spider webs found in local forests.
The document discusses curtain wall systems. It begins with an introduction defining a curtain wall system as a non-structural outer covering that keeps weather and occupants in/out. The history notes that curtain walls emerged as exterior walls became non-load bearing. It describes the components of curtain walls including mullions, transoms, glass, and other materials. Functions are listed as protecting interiors from the environment while providing lighting and occupant comfort. The document also covers installation systems, loads, maintenance, and provides case studies of curtain wall implementations.
The Seattle Central Library in Seattle, Washington was designed by Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus and features a postmodern architectural style. The 11-story glass and steel building opened in 2004 and aims to reinvent the library as a flexible space for information across various media. Key features include a central atrium allowing views between floors, a spiral ramp providing access to different collections on four floors, and maximization of natural light through its exterior glass walls and interior skylight.
The Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong is described. Some key details:
- It was designed by I.M. Pei and constructed from 1985-1990.
- It is located in Central, Hong Kong on Garden Road.
- The building is composed of four triangular prisms of different heights, designed to resemble a bamboo shaft which symbolizes strength in Chinese tradition.
- Advanced building technology and lack of space necessitated its tall design with extensive use of glass for a modern appearance.
Long span structures case study (LINK IN DESCRIPTION FOR DOWNLOAD)Dimple Poddar
Case study on types of Long span structures which are constructed using Trusses, Arches, Beams And portal frames.
LINK TO DOWNLOAD: https://dimpstrail.gumroad.com/l/ceqjk
This document summarizes an educational program presented at Patan Museum about Newar windows. It provides background on the museum and introduces Newar windows, which are decorative carved wooden windows found on buildings in Nepal. It then describes the objectives, target audience, and activities of the educational program, which included a quiz, photography activity, and puzzle to help participants learn about different types of Newar windows displayed at the museum. The goal was to promote understanding and appreciation of Newar architecture and culture.
Study of Folded Plates for understanding their use, types, technology along with suitable case studies. This is a specific type of Methodology adopted for construction over long spans column free spaces. How structurally Folded plates surpases the need of column grids and conventional methods of construction with the proper design and technology is the motive of this study.
The topic is about the basic concepts of shell structure. Shell structures are light weight construction using shell elements. These elements are typically curve and are assembled to make large structured.
introduction . DESIGN OF A CURTAIN WALL . components of a curtain wall . Framing concepts . Materials . Types of curtain walls. Structural problems of curtain walls.
Vinyl flooring is a type of resilient flooring that is easy to install and provides sound reduction properties. It is available in widths of 6 or 12 feet and contains polyvinyl chloride as well as other components. Vinyl flooring offers excellent shock absorption, sound insulation, durability and cleanability. Glass wool is an insulating material made from glass fibers arranged using a binder. It has high thermal and acoustic insulation properties due to trapped air pockets. Chicken wire mesh is a flexible honeycomb structure used to reinforce plaster by preventing cracking from thermal expansion. It is available in different mesh sizes and wire diameters in roll form. Multiwood is a waterproof and termite-proof composite material that can be used for interior decoration
The aim of this PPT is to take an overview of the ‘membranes’ in cable and membrane structures. Before installation on site a membrane has to go through several stages right from design including the steps as form finding, load analysis and design of fabric geometry. The paper also talks about several shapes and forms a membrane can achieve and the principle behind the design of these shapes. Important aspect of membrane structure is availability of membranes in market. This paper accounts various available covering materials in the market and the criteria have to be considered before their installations on the site. Joinery plays a significant role in attaining the required shape and equilibrium. This PPT takes a review of significant junctions in a membrane structure.
A small open-fronted hut or cubicle from which newspapers, refreshments, tickets, etc. are sold.
A kiosk is a small physical structure that displays information for people walking by.
The document summarizes the landscape and biological attributes of the Taylor's University Lakeside Campus site. It describes the types of plants and trees found on the 27 acre site, including trees like Hopea Odorata, Samanea Saman, and Eugenia Oleina. It also lists various flowering shrubs, groundcovers, and foliage plants. Birds like sparrows are also present. The landscape helps create an attractive environment and positive impression of the university.
The Jawahar Kala Kendra in Jaipur, India is a cultural center designed by architect Charles Correa in the 1980s-1990s. Inspired by Jaipur's original city plan of nine blocks representing the nine planets, Correa designed the center as nine square blocks, with each block representing and housing a different cultural function - including administration, art galleries, workshops, auditorium, and more. By invoking the cosmic symbolism of Jaipur's original design and using local materials, Correa created a center that preserves Rajasthani art and culture in a way that reflects the traditions and history of the city.
Tadao Ando is a Japanese architect known for his minimalist concrete designs that emphasize empty space and simplicity. Ando was strongly influenced by Japanese culture and religion in his approach. He believes architecture can reform society by changing how people live and the identity of places. Ando is known for designs that create a "haiku" effect through contrasting solid concrete walls with openings that admit natural light and connect the interior to nature. This draws attention to the dualities of light and dark, and solid and void.
Bangalore international exhibition centre case studyself employer
The Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) was developed by the Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers' Association and dedicated to Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej. The complex is named the IMTMA-Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej International Exhibition & Conference Centre. The BIEC includes an entrance plaza, 5,600 square meter conference centre, and three large exhibition halls ranging from 6,600 to 9,800 square meters. It also features a food court and technology centre.
Santiago Calatrava Valls is a Spanish neofuturistic architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter. He has offices in New York City, Doha, and Zürich.
Significant projects Athens Olympic Sports Complex
Auditorio de Tenerife
Alamillo bridge
Chords Bridge
Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències
Liège-Guillemins railway station
Museum of Tomorrow
A literature study on architecture by Ar Eero Saarinen with description of some of his works, i.e., the Gateway Arch, the MIT Chapel, the TWA Terminal, and the Miller House.
The document provides an analysis of the Telekom Tower building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes fast facts about the building, its history and architect. The analysis covers the building's site context, accessibility, climate response and relationships to surroundings. It examines the architectural layout including floor plans, elevations, sections and circulation. It also analyzes the building style, elements, and compares it to another building. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive analysis of the design, construction and context of the iconic Telekom Tower skyscraper in Kuala Lumpur.
The document provides an analysis of the Telekom Tower building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes fast facts about the building, its history and architect. The analysis covers the building's site context, accessibility, climate response and relationships to surroundings. It examines the architectural layout including floor plans, elevations, sections and circulation. It also analyzes the building style, elements, construction materials and sustainability features. The analysis compares Telekom Tower to another nearby building called The Bow.
This document discusses the modular design and facade case study of a multi-functional sports hall in Cluj Napoca, Romania. Originally planned with monolithic concrete frames, the design was changed to precast concrete elements to reduce construction time from 36 to 12 months. The roof structure is made of steel space trusses with a clear span of 64 meters. Joints in the truss were analyzed using finite element modeling to ensure structural stability and capacity. The building provides seating for 7,000 spectators and space for various sports and cultural events.
The document summarizes the Milwaukee Art Museum Quadracci Pavilion expansion project. It discusses the architect, Santiago Calatrava, the materials used including 20,000 cubic yards of concrete and 2,100 tons of steel, and the position along Lake Michigan. It describes the unique Burke brise soleil sunshade with 72 movable fins. It compares the size of the structure to a Boeing 747 airplane. The expansion has received numerous honors and awards for its architectural design.
The Bishan Cultural and Art Center in Shongquing, China was designed by Tanghua Architects and Associates and completed in 2016. The 37736.51 square meter center was designed in a contemporary architectural style to resemble the ancient description of the "Mountains made of jade" through an abstract form that reflects the surrounding landscape. The building is composed of three blocks connected by stairs that mimic mountain climbing, with glass curtain wall facades on the northeast sides that use triangular planes and aluminum mesh to form traditional Chinese patterns while also representing spider webs found in local forests.
The document discusses curtain wall systems. It begins with an introduction defining a curtain wall system as a non-structural outer covering that keeps weather and occupants in/out. The history notes that curtain walls emerged as exterior walls became non-load bearing. It describes the components of curtain walls including mullions, transoms, glass, and other materials. Functions are listed as protecting interiors from the environment while providing lighting and occupant comfort. The document also covers installation systems, loads, maintenance, and provides case studies of curtain wall implementations.
The Seattle Central Library in Seattle, Washington was designed by Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus and features a postmodern architectural style. The 11-story glass and steel building opened in 2004 and aims to reinvent the library as a flexible space for information across various media. Key features include a central atrium allowing views between floors, a spiral ramp providing access to different collections on four floors, and maximization of natural light through its exterior glass walls and interior skylight.
The Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong is described. Some key details:
- It was designed by I.M. Pei and constructed from 1985-1990.
- It is located in Central, Hong Kong on Garden Road.
- The building is composed of four triangular prisms of different heights, designed to resemble a bamboo shaft which symbolizes strength in Chinese tradition.
- Advanced building technology and lack of space necessitated its tall design with extensive use of glass for a modern appearance.
Long span structures case study (LINK IN DESCRIPTION FOR DOWNLOAD)Dimple Poddar
Case study on types of Long span structures which are constructed using Trusses, Arches, Beams And portal frames.
LINK TO DOWNLOAD: https://dimpstrail.gumroad.com/l/ceqjk
This document summarizes an educational program presented at Patan Museum about Newar windows. It provides background on the museum and introduces Newar windows, which are decorative carved wooden windows found on buildings in Nepal. It then describes the objectives, target audience, and activities of the educational program, which included a quiz, photography activity, and puzzle to help participants learn about different types of Newar windows displayed at the museum. The goal was to promote understanding and appreciation of Newar architecture and culture.
Study of Folded Plates for understanding their use, types, technology along with suitable case studies. This is a specific type of Methodology adopted for construction over long spans column free spaces. How structurally Folded plates surpases the need of column grids and conventional methods of construction with the proper design and technology is the motive of this study.
The topic is about the basic concepts of shell structure. Shell structures are light weight construction using shell elements. These elements are typically curve and are assembled to make large structured.
introduction . DESIGN OF A CURTAIN WALL . components of a curtain wall . Framing concepts . Materials . Types of curtain walls. Structural problems of curtain walls.
Vinyl flooring is a type of resilient flooring that is easy to install and provides sound reduction properties. It is available in widths of 6 or 12 feet and contains polyvinyl chloride as well as other components. Vinyl flooring offers excellent shock absorption, sound insulation, durability and cleanability. Glass wool is an insulating material made from glass fibers arranged using a binder. It has high thermal and acoustic insulation properties due to trapped air pockets. Chicken wire mesh is a flexible honeycomb structure used to reinforce plaster by preventing cracking from thermal expansion. It is available in different mesh sizes and wire diameters in roll form. Multiwood is a waterproof and termite-proof composite material that can be used for interior decoration
The aim of this PPT is to take an overview of the ‘membranes’ in cable and membrane structures. Before installation on site a membrane has to go through several stages right from design including the steps as form finding, load analysis and design of fabric geometry. The paper also talks about several shapes and forms a membrane can achieve and the principle behind the design of these shapes. Important aspect of membrane structure is availability of membranes in market. This paper accounts various available covering materials in the market and the criteria have to be considered before their installations on the site. Joinery plays a significant role in attaining the required shape and equilibrium. This PPT takes a review of significant junctions in a membrane structure.
A small open-fronted hut or cubicle from which newspapers, refreshments, tickets, etc. are sold.
A kiosk is a small physical structure that displays information for people walking by.
The document summarizes the landscape and biological attributes of the Taylor's University Lakeside Campus site. It describes the types of plants and trees found on the 27 acre site, including trees like Hopea Odorata, Samanea Saman, and Eugenia Oleina. It also lists various flowering shrubs, groundcovers, and foliage plants. Birds like sparrows are also present. The landscape helps create an attractive environment and positive impression of the university.
The Jawahar Kala Kendra in Jaipur, India is a cultural center designed by architect Charles Correa in the 1980s-1990s. Inspired by Jaipur's original city plan of nine blocks representing the nine planets, Correa designed the center as nine square blocks, with each block representing and housing a different cultural function - including administration, art galleries, workshops, auditorium, and more. By invoking the cosmic symbolism of Jaipur's original design and using local materials, Correa created a center that preserves Rajasthani art and culture in a way that reflects the traditions and history of the city.
Tadao Ando is a Japanese architect known for his minimalist concrete designs that emphasize empty space and simplicity. Ando was strongly influenced by Japanese culture and religion in his approach. He believes architecture can reform society by changing how people live and the identity of places. Ando is known for designs that create a "haiku" effect through contrasting solid concrete walls with openings that admit natural light and connect the interior to nature. This draws attention to the dualities of light and dark, and solid and void.
Bangalore international exhibition centre case studyself employer
The Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) was developed by the Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers' Association and dedicated to Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej. The complex is named the IMTMA-Naoroji Pirojsha Godrej International Exhibition & Conference Centre. The BIEC includes an entrance plaza, 5,600 square meter conference centre, and three large exhibition halls ranging from 6,600 to 9,800 square meters. It also features a food court and technology centre.
Santiago Calatrava Valls is a Spanish neofuturistic architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter. He has offices in New York City, Doha, and Zürich.
Significant projects Athens Olympic Sports Complex
Auditorio de Tenerife
Alamillo bridge
Chords Bridge
Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències
Liège-Guillemins railway station
Museum of Tomorrow
A literature study on architecture by Ar Eero Saarinen with description of some of his works, i.e., the Gateway Arch, the MIT Chapel, the TWA Terminal, and the Miller House.
The document provides an analysis of the Telekom Tower building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes fast facts about the building, its history and architect. The analysis covers the building's site context, accessibility, climate response and relationships to surroundings. It examines the architectural layout including floor plans, elevations, sections and circulation. It also analyzes the building style, elements, and compares it to another building. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive analysis of the design, construction and context of the iconic Telekom Tower skyscraper in Kuala Lumpur.
The document provides an analysis of the Telekom Tower building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes fast facts about the building, its history and architect. The analysis covers the building's site context, accessibility, climate response and relationships to surroundings. It examines the architectural layout including floor plans, elevations, sections and circulation. It also analyzes the building style, elements, construction materials and sustainability features. The analysis compares Telekom Tower to another nearby building called The Bow.
The Dewan Tunku Canselor building at University Malaya was constructed in 1965 and serves as the university's convention center. It was designed by architect Dato' Kington Loo in the Brutalist style. The building has a concrete structure and features brise-soleil on the facade to reduce heat gain. It has a large overhang on the roof to provide shade. Internally, it has a large event hall and mezzanine floor, with access provided by two spiral staircases within shear walls. The building underwent renovations after a 2001 fire to improve facilities for various functions.
The building uses a waffle slab ceiling construction method where the ceiling is made of egg-crate reinforced concrete that allows a longer span and fewer beams. Load bearing walls are used to maximize interior space and the building stands at 3-4 storeys high. Concrete was used extensively on both the interior and exterior of the building in its raw form to emphasize the brutalist architectural style.
Dewan Tunku Canselor is an iconic building at University of Malaya constructed in the 1960s. It was designed in the Brutalist style by architect Dato' Kington Loo, featuring a predominantly bare concrete structure with waffle slabs. The building utilizes concrete, glass, tiles, steel and timber in its construction. It was inspired by works of Le Corbusier and shares similarities to the Punjab and Haryana High Court in India, both emphasizing exposed concrete structure and suitability to local climate.
The Shanghai Tower project involved the construction of the second tallest building in the world at 632 meters tall. Some key aspects summarized:
- The 127-story tower incorporates sustainable design and achieved LEED Gold certification. It utilizes various green technologies to reduce its environmental impact.
- Construction began in 2008 and was completed in 2015, with the observation deck opening to visitors in 2016.
- The unique twisting form and double-skin facade allow for maximum daylighting while maintaining energy efficiency. The tower's design captures Shanghai's dynamic growth.
Gezgin, U. B. (2011). Spatial identity formation: How urban planning and economics are forming Asian urban identities? (Paper presented at the International Conference on Asian Identities: Trends in a Globalized World. 9-11 February, 2011 Bangkok, Thailand.)
Spatial Identity Formation: How Urban Planning and Economics Are Forming Asian Urban Identities?
Dr. Ulas Basar Gezgin, PhD,
lecturer, economics
E-mail: ulasbasar@gmail.com
Abstract
Most of the Asian cities are characterized by a rapid shift from primary sector to secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors. The economic development dictates the form of the city and the form of the city constrains or allows economic development which exhibits the bidirectional relationship between economic development and the form of the city. Unlike many European cities, high rise buildings are considered to be the symbol of ‘modernity’, ‘civilization’ and wealth in the Asian sphere. Thus signature buildings have had priority over other projects. The postcard images of Asian cities are changing by the introduction of high-rise buildings in the urban skylines. These rather than historic heritages are the catching images of Asia by the rapid economic growth. On the other hand, economic sectors dictate the shape of the city as well: High-rise buildings are desired by the large multinational companies for prestige and professional convenience. They are often considered to be a way to attract foreign investment by the city governments. Asian world cities are no longer considered as cities of factories or export processing zones, but as a constellation of office spaces. Factories are moved out of the cities or smaller cities in many cases. Besides commercial uses as office space, hotels or shopping malls, high-rise buildings serve residential uses as the increasing number of high-rise apartments and service apartments would point out. In this context, this paper discusses the rise of high-rise buildings in the era of Asian growth phenomenon, and how they serve to forge an urban identity for the Asian geographies.
The document provides details about the Telekom Tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built between 1998-2001 to serve as the headquarters for Telekom Malaysia. At 310 meters tall with 55 floors, it is the 3rd tallest building in Malaysia. The curved bamboo-inspired design by architect Hijjas Kasturi aims to reduce solar gain through its orientation and inclusion of sky gardens for ventilation between office floors on the north and south sides. Landscaping around the site responds to the tropical climate.
The document provides details about the Telekom Tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built between 1998-2001 to serve as the headquarters for Telekom Malaysia. At 310 meters tall with 55 floors, it is the 3rd tallest building in Malaysia. The tower was designed by architect Hijjas Kasturi in the shape of a bamboo shoot to symbolize growth. It features offices on the south and north sides with sky gardens in between to provide natural ventilation. Landscaping covers over 20% of the site to create a green space.
Optimum design of double layer dome of span to height ratio 2 and different supporting conditions(all bottom nodes supported, alternate bottom nodes supported and two alternate bottom nodes supported) for a given span is carried out. The formex programming software is used for configurations of double layer dome. The hollow circular pipe sections are used to construct the double layer dome and for connection, the MERO joint is used. Basically the dome have large exposed area so the wind force are predominant, hence the domes are analyze and design for wind forces. For optimum design of the structure, it is analyzed by using the software “SAP-2000-14”. In the analytical part, forces in the top layer are considered in groups and separate section will be designed for each group, the design will be based on IS800:2007. Similar procedure will be adopted for bracing system and bottom layer. The results are compared with different span to height ratios and support conditions for the deflection, weight of structure and concrete for pedestal, to determine optimum configuration by overall. The domes of span 75m with span to height ratio 2 as well as different support condition are designed for wind load. The members of dome are designed for axial tension and compression in such a way to get optimum weight of member.
The document provides details about the Telekom Tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Some key points:
- The Telekom Tower was designed by architect Hijjas Kasturi and built between 1998-2001. It has 55 floors and stands 310 meters tall, housing offices and facilities for Telekom Malaysia.
- The curved tower shape was inspired by a sketch of a bamboo shoot. Offices are arranged linearly along the south and north sides, with sky gardens on the east and west providing light and ventilation between floors.
- The site is well-located with access to major roads and public transit. Extensive landscaping surrounds the building to create a green space. The curved tower
IRJET- Dynamic Wind Analysis of RC Bundled Tube in Tube Structure using E...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic wind performance of bundled tube-in-tube structures for tall buildings using ETABS software. It models a 365.5m tall building with a bundled tubular structural system consisting of multiple interconnected tubes that decrease in number with height. Dynamic wind analysis is conducted to calculate wind loads based on gust factors and compare the base shear, displacements, and drifts between the bundled tube structure and a bundled tube-in-tube structure with an inner core. The results show that the bundled tube-in-tube structure improves structural efficiency and response to lateral wind loads compared to the bundled tube structure alone.
DEWAN TUNKU CANSELOR, UNIVERSITI MALAYAJoe Onn Lim
Dewan Tunku Canselor is an iconic building at University Malaya designed in the Brutalist style by Datuk Kington Loo. The building uses reinforced concrete as its primary material and features exposed concrete surfaces that reveal the wooden forms used in construction. It has a symmetrical layout and uses geometry like rectangles and circles. Natural light penetrates through windows and skylights. The building was inspired by Le Corbusier's works and uses similar concrete louvers to aid ventilation in Malaysia's tropical climate.
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport—Integrated Terminal BuildingAnupama Krishnan
The document summarizes the structural engineering design of the new integrated terminal building at the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai, India. Some key points:
1) The 410,000 sqm terminal building features one of the largest roofs in the world without expansion joints, supported by only 30 composite mega-columns spaced up to 64m apart, creating a large column-free space.
2) The 70,000 sqm roof is a long-span steel structure with trusses in both orthogonal and diagonal grids to achieve spans of up to 40m with a shallow depth of only 4m.
3) The building features the world's largest and longest cable wall system at
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGSASHOK KUMAR TIWARY
The document summarizes a technical seminar on advanced construction techniques for high-rise buildings. It defines high-rise buildings according to different standards, and discusses the need for high-rises due to increasing population density. Various construction methods are described, including slip forming, jump forming, and tunnel forming. Main equipment used includes tower cranes and concrete pumps. Advantages of high-rises include accommodating more people and businesses while using less land area. Disadvantages include higher construction costs and accessibility issues if elevators fail.
Online Webinar with Tiyok Prasetyoadi from PDWMosaicArt1
Prasetyoadi is the founder of the Green Building Council Indonesia and an active member of the World Green Building Council Asia Pacific Network; Country Leader for the Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat (CTBUH); The National Board of Indonesian Architects Association (IAI), IAI's representative for the Arcasia Committee on Green and Sustainable Architecture (ACGSA) and a professional member of the Planning Institute of Australia (PIA) and Association of Planning Experts (IAP). In 2012, Prasetyoadi was appointed by the Governor of DKI Jakarta to become a Member of the Building Expert Building - Architecture and Urban Team.
Dome is an element of architecture that resembles a hollow upper half of a sphere. Dome structures made of various materials have a long architectural lineage extending into prehistory. It may be defined as a thin shell generated by the revolution of a regular curve about one of its axis. The shape of the dome depends upon the type of the curve and the direction of the axis of revolution. When the segment of a regular curve revolves about its vertical diameter, a spherical dome is obtained. Domes are used in variety of structures such as roof of circular areas, circular tanks, exhibition halls, auditorium, bottom of tanks and bunkers. With the introduction of monolithic dome structures find wide applications in many branches of technology. From the point of view of architecture, the development of dome structure offers unexpected possibilities and opportunities for the combined realization of functional, economic and aesthetic aspects. Energy efficiency of building designs should be considered and is high in monolithic domes. A monolithic dome is a structure cast in a one-piece form. The form may be permanent or temporary and may or may not remain part of the finished structure. Monolithic is dedicated to improving people’s lives worldwide by introducing and constructing Monolithic Domes, for personal and public use, that are disaster resistant, energy-efficient and cost-effective.
Rethinking Kållered │ From Big Box to a Reuse Hub: A Transformation Journey ...SirmaDuztepeliler
"Rethinking Kållered │ From Big Box to a Reuse Hub: A Transformation Journey Toward Sustainability"
The booklet of my master’s thesis at the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at Chalmers University of Technology. (Gothenburg, Sweden)
This thesis explores the transformation of the vacated (2023) IKEA store in Kållered, Sweden, into a "Reuse Hub" addressing various user types. The project aims to create a model for circular and sustainable economic practices that promote resource efficiency, waste reduction, and a shift in societal overconsumption patterns.
Reuse, though crucial in the circular economy, is one of the least studied areas. Most materials with reuse potential, especially in the construction sector, are recycled (downcycled), causing a greater loss of resources and energy. My project addresses barriers to reuse, such as difficult access to materials, storage, and logistics issues.
Aims:
• Enhancing Access to Reclaimed Materials: Creating a hub for reclaimed construction materials for both institutional and individual needs.
• Promoting Circular Economy: Showcasing the potential and variety of reusable materials and how they can drive a circular economy.
• Fostering Community Engagement: Developing spaces for social interaction around reuse-focused stores and workshops.
• Raising Awareness: Transforming a former consumerist symbol into a center for circular practices.
Highlights:
• The project emphasizes cross-sector collaboration with producers and wholesalers to repurpose surplus materials before they enter the recycling phase.
• This project can serve as a prototype for reusing many idle commercial buildings in different scales and sizes.
• The findings indicate that transforming large vacant properties can support sustainable practices and present an economically attractive business model with high social returns at the same time.
• It highlights the potential of how sustainable practices in the construction sector can drive societal change.
2. 16 | Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower CTBUH Journal | 2009 Issue I
Architectural overview
In designing Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower,
Tange Associates offers a new solution for
school architecture in Tokyo's tightly meshed
urban environment (see Figure 1). A new
typology for educational architecture, the
tower and accompanying auditoriums
successfully encompass environmental
concerns and community needs with an
unparalleled inspirational design.
Literally a vertical campus, the high-rise tower
can accommodate approximately 10,000
students at the three vocational schools
sharing the building. These include: the fashion
school Tokyo Mode Gakuen; HAL Tokyo, an
information and technology school; and Shuto
Iko, a medical welfare school. Mode Gakuen
operates all three.
The low rise building, an intriguing egg-
shaped structure adjacent to the high rise
tower, houses two major auditoriums (see
Figure 2) – Hall A and Hall B. The halls are used
for school as well as public functions. With
approximately one thousand seats, the
auditoriums will bring to the area a wide and
exciting mix of cultural events. The high-rise
tower floor plan is simple; three rectangular
classroom areas rotate 120 degrees around the
inner core (see Figure 3)
"The elliptic shape permits more ground space
to be dedicated to landscaping at the building’s
narrow base, while the narrow top portion of the
tower allows unobstructed views of the sky."
Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower is an innovative educational facility located in Tokyo's distinctive
Nishi-Shinjuku high-rise district. Completed in October 2008, the 204-meter (669 ft) 50-story
tower is the second-tallest educational building in the world*. The building's elliptic shape,
wrapped in a criss-cross web of diagonal lines, embodies the "cocoon" concept developed by
Tange Associates. Student occupants are inspired to create, grow and transform while
embraced within this cocoon-like, incubating form. In essence, the creative design successfully
nurtures students to communicate and think creatively.
Case Study: Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower
Paul Noritaka Tange
Masato Minami
Author
1
Paul NoritakaTange, Tange Associates
2
Masato Minami, Arup Japan
1
Tange Associates
24 Daikyo-cho, Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo 160-0015, Japan
t: +81 3 3357 1888
f: +81 3 3357 3388
e: press@tangeweb.com
2
Arup Japan
3rd floor Tobu Fuji Building
24-4 Sakuragaoka-cho, Shibuya-ku
Tokyo 150-0031, Japan
t: +81 3 3461 1155
f: +81 3 3476 1377
e: japan@arup.com
1
Paul NoritakaTange, Tange Associates
Paul Noritaka Tange began his architectural career
upon receiving his Master in Architecture from Harvard
University, Graduate School of Design in 1985. That
same year he joined Kenzo Tange Associates, the
architectural firm headed by his father, well known
international architect, Kenzo Tange. Paul became
President of Kenzo Tange Associates in 1997 and
founded Tange Associates in 2003. Tange Associates,
headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, has worked worldwide
and offers a full range of architectural and urban design
and planning services. At this time, Tange Associates
has close to 40 on-going projects in ten countries. The
firm’s extensive international experience enables it to
work effectively worldwide, in all cultures.
2
Masato Minami, Arup Japan
Masato Minami is a senior structural engineer in the
Tokyo office of Arup, a global multidisciplinary firm.
Since receiving his Bachelor and Master of Engineering
degree from the University of Tokyo, he has been
working with Arup for more than 10 years including
three years in London. He worked on Mode Gakuen
Cocoon Tower for more than four years as the leading
structural engineer in all stages from the scheme
design stage through to its completion in October
2008. His previous works include a number of
award-winning buildings such as Sony City, Tomihiro
Museum and Forestry Hall Tomochi.
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Student
Lounge
StudentLounge
Student
Lounge
Figure 3. 21st
floor plan
Figure 1. Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower
* Note: The tallest educational building in the world is MV
Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia (239m /
784feet).
3. Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower | 17CTBUH Journal | 2009 Issue I
“We have the capital, technology and a demand for
skyscrapers but we have not moved forward because of regulations
and public opposition that few people will really benefit.
”KimJong-su,whoheadstheKoreaSuperTallForum,whichcomprisesacademicsandpeopleinthe
buildingindustrywhosupporttheconstructionoftallbuildings,discussesthegovernment’sreluctanceto
pushaheadwithatallbuildingsprograminSouthKorea. From‘Soaringskyscrapersindarkeconomic
times’,JoongAngDaily,February10th,2009
...soaring skyscrapers
From the 1st to the 50th floor, these
rectangular classroom areas are arranged in a
curvilinear form. The inner core consists of
elevators, staircases and shafts. To ease the
potential congestion that might be caused by
vertical movement, the three schools are laid
out in 3 parts of the building; lower tier, middle
tier and upper tier.
Unlike the typical horizontally laid out school
campus, the limited size of the site challenged
Tange Associates to develop a new typology
for educational architecture. Student lounges
are located between the classrooms, facing
three directions; east, southwest and
northwest. Each atrium lounge is three-stories
high and offers sweeping views of the
surrounding cityscape (see Figure 4). As new
types of schoolyards, these innovative lounges
offer students a comfortable place to relax and
communicate.
The tower is designed specifically with the
environment in mind. This includes a
cogeneration system, installed within the
building, that produces about 40% of the
structure's power and thermal energy. This
greatly increases the building's operational
efficiency and decreases energy costs. It also
reduces potential greenhouse gas emissions
that contribute to global warming. The elliptic
shape allows for even distribution of sunlight,
thereby limiting heat radiation to the
surrounding area. The shape also ensures that
it aerodynamically disperses strong wind
streams; an important issue in this high-rise
district that attracts large and damaging gusts
of wind.
Enhancing the community is a major goal.
Positioned like a gateway between Shinjuku
Station, Tokyo's busiest train terminal, and the
Shinjuku CBD (Central Business District), the
building is revitalizing the area. A "3D
Pedestrian Network" of inviting passageways
below and above ground, open to the public,
allows a free flow of pedestrian traffic. Along
with the addition of thousands of young
students, the building is a magnet for
businesses that will bring vitality to the area
along with needed commerce.
Figure 4. Three-story high student lounges in between the classrooms facing east, southwest and northwest offering
stunning views of Tokyo's skyline.
Figure 2. The low rise building adjacent to the high rise
tower, houses two major auditoriums.
4. 18 | Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower CTBUH Journal | 2009 Issue I
The elliptic shape permits more ground space
to be dedicated to landscaping at the
building’s narrow base, while the narrow top
portion of the tower allows unobstructed
views of the sky. The nurturing forces of nature
are close at hand to the student; an inspiring
environment in which to study, learn and
grow. For the community, the fascinating
design of Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower is a
welcome contribution to the urban landscape
and an example of how such design
innovation benefits and impacts its immediate
surroundings.
Structural overview
Both superstructures are steel construction
with CFT (concrete filled tube) columns. The
basement structure is a composite
construction of steel and reinforced concrete
with RC shear walls. The foundation is a
combination of a raft and cast-in-situ concrete
piles. The pile positions could not be identical
with the column positions due to the
complexity of the column arrangement so a
3.8m thick raft slab above the piles was used to
transfer the vertical forces from the columns to
the piles.
The main structure consists of three elliptical
diagrid (DG) frames and an inner core frame.
The building has relatively large storey shear
deformations in the middle storeys due to the
bending of each of the DG frames. Because
the three diagrid frames are connected rigidly
with each other at the base and the top only,
the structure can be viewed as a portal frame
with large rotations in the middle and smaller
rotations at the top and bottom. The storey
drift of the perimeter frame is largely through
bending while the storey drift of the inner core
is by shear. Viscous oil dampers have been
utilized to exploit the shear deformation of the
core and to dissipate the associated seismic
energy. The inner core has six viscous dampers
on each floor from the 15th to the 39th floor.
The dampers reduce the seismic force that
needs to be resisted by the structure.
Figure 5. Fabrication sequence of intersection node
The DG frames are located at the perimeter,
giving the structure a wide stance. It then is
able to efficiently transfer lateral force and
overturning moment due to earthquake or
wind to the basement. The DG frames are 24m
wide with intersections every 4 meters on
each floor level, and they curve in a vertical
ellipse. Storey heights are such that the
distance on the elliptical line is uniformly 3.7m,
so that the DG members intersect at the same
angle on each floor. This produces smooth
external patterns and significantly simplifies
the fabrication of steel and exterior cladding
units. Diagrid members are mainly I-sections
400mm wide and 400mm deep, which is
relatively small for such a slender high-rise
building and serves to maximize the internal
space.
The floor beams of classrooms support the
floor loads and connect the diagrid frames and
the inner core horizontally preventing
out-of-plane buckling of the diagrid frames.
Most of the classrooms are architecturally
designed for exposed floor beams and service
ducts in the ceiling while other areas are
finished by ceiling boards. Parallel floor beams
are rigidly connected to the intersection of the
diagrid frames and cranked at the beam above
the partition, between classroom and corridor,
towards the columns of the inner core. The
floor beams are rigidly connected at both
ends. As a result, the exposed beams in the
classrooms look well-ordered. Furthermore,
the diagrid frames are robustly stiffened
against out-of-plane buckling.
At intermittent levels there are 3-storey
atriums, for use by the students, as places to
take breaks. The external glazing of the
atriums is three storeys high and the
maximum width is nearly 20m. Double-arched
vierendeel truss beams are provided at each
floor level to carry the weight of glazing panels
and resist wind pressure. The vierendeel beams
are hung from the beams above so that no
structural member obstructs the view on any
storey.
Connection design is one of the challenges of
a diagrid structure because many members
(seven in this case) from various angles are
concentrated at one point. There were many
5. Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower | 19CTBUH Journal | 2009 Issue I
meetings between the engineers and
fabricators to find a solution that was
reasonable to fabricate and structurally robust.
In the adopted solution the intersection node
is fabricated from a number of rolled plates
(see Figure 5) and butt-welded with the DG
and floor members on site.
Roof facilities
Unlike many other high-rise buildings, this
building does not have a flat surface on top
giving a priority to the architectural shape.
However, an exterior cleaning system and the
provision of a hovering space for helicopters
are essential for a high-rise building in Japan.
To provide a hovering space of 10m square, a
retractable roof was designed (see Figure 6).
Half of the floor is attached to the retractable
roof. At the request of the Tokyo Fire
Department the roof can be opened within 8
minutes by a pair of hydraulic jacks, forming
the hovering space.
The maximum wind speed that allows
hovering is 15m/sec. Although the shape of
the retractable roof suggests the possibility of
aerodynamic, unstable vibration during the
opening, it has been confirmed that it should
not occur even in a 30m/sec wind speed as,
per the Japanese loading standard.
A gondola hanger is installed below the
hovering space and moves around on the rails
arranged in aY-shape with a turntable at the
centre. The hanger is able to deliver the
gondola to all external surfaces of the building
by extending and revolving the arm at each
end of theY-shaped rails (see Figure 6).
To enable the hanger to revolve the arm, the
floor for hovering and the top roof are
supported by three pairs of crossing columns
only. The perimeter steelwork is on the same
level as the hanger’s arm and made of sliding
doors.
Site erection
Steel erection on site has been carried out in a
cycle of three storeys by the following
sequence.
1. The inner core frame is erected with
sufficient accuracy and welded.
2. Each intersection node and two DG
members are assembled into an inverted
V-shape with temporary bolt connections
and erected.
3. Floor beams are erected and aligned.
4. Bolt tightening and welding.
External glazing panels were also assembled
on site into 6.0m wide by 3.7m high units and
this installation followed three storeys below
the steel erection.
Conclusion
Many high-rise buildings have been built in
highly seismic countries, like Japan, in recent
decades. However, most of them are box-
shaped with vertical columns. The shape of
the building proposed by the architect was
strongly favored by the client. Thus, those
engaging in the design and construction have
made every effort to achieve this shape.
The completion of this uniquely shaped
skyscraper could be regarded as a significant
achievement in Japan’s history of high-rise
buildings.
Retractable roof
Crossing columns supporting top roof
Turntable
Rails for
hanger
Rail for
gondola
Figure 6. Roof facilities
Structural roof plan 3D graphics of top roof
Structural plan of hovering space Trails of gondola hanger's arm