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3. You are working on a forensics research project examining ancient remains recovered from a burial site in Norway, dating to 1000AD. You believe the skeletons may belong to the infamous King Kristoff and Queen Anna. Historical records state that this royal couple produced two children, Sven and Olenna, who then married each other in an attempt to strengthen the royal bloodline. They had a single son named Hanns, who went on to have one son named Wolf with his wife Talisa (otherwise unrelated to the family). Wolf never married or had children, but he spent his life with a male companion named Leif. The burial site contains 8 relatively well-preserved adult skeletons. You are able to extract enough DNA to successfully PCR seven microsatellite (STR) loci plus the amelogenin locus and want to determine whether the relationships of these skeletons match the legend of King Kristoff & Queen Anna. The table below includes data for the first six skeletons that have been analyzed. Answer the following questions and include a completed copy of Table 1 in your answers file. For the purpose of this assignment assume that parental alleles are transmitted faithfully without any new mutations. Table 1. Genotyping and Identification of skeletons at the ancient burial site.Table 1. Genotyping and Identification of skeletons at the ancient burial site. A. Draw the pedigree of this family, according to the historical records described above. Number the generations but identify all individuals by name rather than number. B. The genotyping results for the last two skeletons have just arrived. Use the capillary electrophoresis images shown below (Figures 13 ) to extract the genotypes and add them to the table. C. Use the DNA profiles and pedigree structure to determine who is who. Identify each skeleton by name in the table and provide a brief written rationale explaining how you arrived at this conclusion. D. In addition to the adults, the burial site also contains a fetus that appears to have been born at approximately 20 weeks gestation and did not survive. Due to the small amount of DNA available in the fetus, only 3 microsatellite loci could be genotyped. The fetus's DNA profile is provided below. Are you able to determine whether the parents were Kristoff and Anna; Sven and Olenna; or Hanns and Talisa? Explain. E. Hanns famously lost his hand in the battle of Clontarf. DNA from hand bones recovered at another burial site match Hanns's DNA profile, but you want to determine how common this DNA profile might have been in ancient times. Estimated allele frequencies for this population based on all recovered ancient DNA samples are provided below in Table 2. According to this information, what is the expected frequency of Hanns's DNA profile in this population? Is this result convincing that the hand belongs to Hanns? Please show your work and provide your answer in the following format: l inFigure 1. Genotyping standards, showing the possible alleles observed .
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Anglesey Bone Setters DNA Project Update
Second year-end presentation on progress with the Anglesey Bonesetters DNA project that aims to elucidate the geographic origins of a ca. 1744 shipwreck survivor - Evan Thomas - who was rescued off the north coast of Anglesey. Part-funded by the Welsh Assembly Government's Sustainable Development Fund via the Anglesey County Council AONB office.
151Unit 2 is it all in the GenesChapter 5 Molecular.docx
151
Unit 2
is it all in the Genes?
Chapter 5 Molecular Genetics
Chapter 6 inheriting Genes
ch05.indd 151 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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Molecular Genetics
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© Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
essentials
Melanin Pigment in skin provides a dark color.
It darkens skin as sunlight penetrates its layers
DNA Replication makes more of itself passing itself onto
new generations
Mutation on a gene
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154 Unit 2: Is it all in the Genes?
the Case of Out-of-place Color
“It was a terrible sight,” recalled the emergency room attending physician, Dr. Franc.
Fourteen-year-old Joyce Carl had been rushed into the ER last week with bruises and
cuts on her left arm and shoulder, after a man tried to abduct her while she was walking
home from school. Joyce resisted, and the aggressor tried to cut off her arm. A group of
onlookers helped her to escape.
Even uninjured, Joyce would be a strange spectacle here in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
An albino, she had white skin, blonde hair, and pale blue eyes, making her stand out
dramatically among her black peers. Albinism is a noncontagious disease that is rare in
most parts of the world but fairly common in Tanzania, affecting one in 2,000 people.
Genetically inherited from both mother and father, it results from a lack of pigmenta-
tion. Eyes, skin, and hair are without color, and individuals with the disorder are highly
susceptible to skin cancers and burns.
Dr. Franc also knew that in Tanzania, as well as other parts of sub-Saharan Africa,
albinos are believed to have magical powers. It is not a compliment to their difference.
Witch doctors sell albinos’ hair, skin, bones, and internal organs on the open market as
ingredients for potions that are supposed to make people rich. With an arm going for
$2,000, about 20 Tanzanian albinos are killed each year for their body parts. This is a
great deal of money in developing economies, equivalent to over USD $200,000. Joyce
was almost a victim, and an estimated 170,000 albinos live in fear.
Dr. Franc told Joyce she would leave tomorrow morning, given that her condition
was improving. She was a friendly and well-adjusted young lady and he wished her well.
But as he was leaving the room she asked him, “Why is this happening to me?” Dr. Franc
knew that human genetics is a powerful force in society as well as in our bodies.
early ideas about Genetics
At times, a very obvious family trait is han ...
151Unit 2 is it all in the GenesChapter 5 Molecular.docx
151
Unit 2
is it all in the Genes?
Chapter 5 Molecular Genetics
Chapter 6 inheriting Genes
ch05.indd 151 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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,
C
E
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153
Molecular Genetics
5
© Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
essentials
Melanin Pigment in skin provides a dark color.
It darkens skin as sunlight penetrates its layers
DNA Replication makes more of itself passing itself onto
new generations
Mutation on a gene
©
D
a
b
a
rt
i C
G
I/
S
h
u
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e
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to
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.c
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DNA provides the instructions for life, including
skin color
Tanzanian Albinism
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ch05.indd 153 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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154 Unit 2: Is it all in the Genes?
the Case of Out-of-place Color
“It was a terrible sight,” recalled the emergency room attending physician, Dr. Franc.
Fourteen-year-old Joyce Carl had been rushed into the ER last week with bruises and
cuts on her left arm and shoulder, after a man tried to abduct her while she was walking
home from school. Joyce resisted, and the aggressor tried to cut off her arm. A group of
onlookers helped her to escape.
Even uninjured, Joyce would be a strange spectacle here in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
An albino, she had white skin, blonde hair, and pale blue eyes, making her stand out
dramatically among her black peers. Albinism is a noncontagious disease that is rare in
most parts of the world but fairly common in Tanzania, affecting one in 2,000 people.
Genetically inherited from both mother and father, it results from a lack of pigmenta-
tion. Eyes, skin, and hair are without color, and individuals with the disorder are highly
susceptible to skin cancers and burns.
Dr. Franc also knew that in Tanzania, as well as other parts of sub-Saharan Africa,
albinos are believed to have magical powers. It is not a compliment to their difference.
Witch doctors sell albinos’ hair, skin, bones, and internal organs on the open market as
ingredients for potions that are supposed to make people rich. With an arm going for
$2,000, about 20 Tanzanian albinos are killed each year for their body parts. This is a
great deal of money in developing economies, equivalent to over USD $200,000. Joyce
was almost a victim, and an estimated 170,000 albinos live in fear.
Dr. Franc told Joyce she would leave tomorrow morning, given that her condition
was improving. She was a friendly and well-adjusted young lady and he wished her well.
But as he was leaving the room she asked him, “Why is this happening to me?” Dr. Franc
knew that human genetics is a powerful force in society as well as in our bodies.
early ideas about Genetics
At times, a very obvious family trait is han.
151Unit 2 is it all in the GenesChapter 5 Molecular.docx
151
Unit 2
is it all in the Genes?
Chapter 5 Molecular Genetics
Chapter 6 inheriting Genes
ch05.indd 151 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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ch05.indd 152 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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S
153
Molecular Genetics
5
© Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
essentials
Melanin Pigment in skin provides a dark color.
It darkens skin as sunlight penetrates its layers
DNA Replication makes more of itself passing itself onto
new generations
Mutation on a gene
©
D
ab
ar
ti
C
G
I/S
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DNA provides the instructions for life, including
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154 Unit 2: Is it all in the Genes?
the Case of Out-of-place Color
“It was a terrible sight,” recalled the emergency room attending physician, Dr. Franc.
Fourteen-year-old Joyce Carl had been rushed into the ER last week with bruises and
cuts on her left arm and shoulder, after a man tried to abduct her while she was walking
home from school. Joyce resisted, and the aggressor tried to cut off her arm. A group of
onlookers helped her to escape.
Even uninjured, Joyce would be a strange spectacle here in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
An albino, she had white skin, blonde hair, and pale blue eyes, making her stand out
dramatically among her black peers. Albinism is a noncontagious disease that is rare in
most parts of the world but fairly common in Tanzania, affecting one in 2,000 people.
Genetically inherited from both mother and father, it results from a lack of pigmenta-
tion. Eyes, skin, and hair are without color, and individuals with the disorder are highly
susceptible to skin cancers and burns.
Dr. Franc also knew that in Tanzania, as well as other parts of sub-Saharan Africa,
albinos are believed to have magical powers. It is not a compliment to their difference.
Witch doctors sell albinos’ hair, skin, bones, and internal organs on the open market as
ingredients for potions that are supposed to make people rich. With an arm going for
$2,000, about 20 Tanzanian albinos are killed each year for their body parts. This is a
great deal of money in developing economies, equivalent to over USD $200,000. Joyce
was almost a victim, and an estimated 170,000 albinos live in fear.
Dr. Franc told Joyce she would leave tomorrow morning, given that her condition
was improving. She was a friendly and well-adjusted young lady and he wished her well.
But as he was leaving the room she asked him, “Why is this happening to me?” Dr. Franc
knew that human genetics is a powerful force in society as well as in our bodies.
early ideas about Genetics
At times, a very obvious family trait is handed down from generat.
Bio380 Human Evolution: Waking the dead
Bio380 Human Evolution, genes and genomes lecture on contribution of archaic populations to gene pool of anatomically modern humans, including Neanderthals and Denisovan
Recommended
Anglesey Bone Setters DNA Project Update
Second year-end presentation on progress with the Anglesey Bonesetters DNA project that aims to elucidate the geographic origins of a ca. 1744 shipwreck survivor - Evan Thomas - who was rescued off the north coast of Anglesey. Part-funded by the Welsh Assembly Government's Sustainable Development Fund via the Anglesey County Council AONB office.
151Unit 2 is it all in the GenesChapter 5 Molecular.docx
151
Unit 2
is it all in the Genes?
Chapter 5 Molecular Genetics
Chapter 6 inheriting Genes
ch05.indd 151 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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ch05.indd 152 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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1
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153
Molecular Genetics
5
© Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
essentials
Melanin Pigment in skin provides a dark color.
It darkens skin as sunlight penetrates its layers
DNA Replication makes more of itself passing itself onto
new generations
Mutation on a gene
©
D
a
b
a
rt
i C
G
I/
S
h
u
tt
e
rs
to
ck
.c
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DNA provides the instructions for life, including
skin color
Tanzanian Albinism
©
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C
a
rs
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n
/S
h
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ch05.indd 153 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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154 Unit 2: Is it all in the Genes?
the Case of Out-of-place Color
“It was a terrible sight,” recalled the emergency room attending physician, Dr. Franc.
Fourteen-year-old Joyce Carl had been rushed into the ER last week with bruises and
cuts on her left arm and shoulder, after a man tried to abduct her while she was walking
home from school. Joyce resisted, and the aggressor tried to cut off her arm. A group of
onlookers helped her to escape.
Even uninjured, Joyce would be a strange spectacle here in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
An albino, she had white skin, blonde hair, and pale blue eyes, making her stand out
dramatically among her black peers. Albinism is a noncontagious disease that is rare in
most parts of the world but fairly common in Tanzania, affecting one in 2,000 people.
Genetically inherited from both mother and father, it results from a lack of pigmenta-
tion. Eyes, skin, and hair are without color, and individuals with the disorder are highly
susceptible to skin cancers and burns.
Dr. Franc also knew that in Tanzania, as well as other parts of sub-Saharan Africa,
albinos are believed to have magical powers. It is not a compliment to their difference.
Witch doctors sell albinos’ hair, skin, bones, and internal organs on the open market as
ingredients for potions that are supposed to make people rich. With an arm going for
$2,000, about 20 Tanzanian albinos are killed each year for their body parts. This is a
great deal of money in developing economies, equivalent to over USD $200,000. Joyce
was almost a victim, and an estimated 170,000 albinos live in fear.
Dr. Franc told Joyce she would leave tomorrow morning, given that her condition
was improving. She was a friendly and well-adjusted young lady and he wished her well.
But as he was leaving the room she asked him, “Why is this happening to me?” Dr. Franc
knew that human genetics is a powerful force in society as well as in our bodies.
early ideas about Genetics
At times, a very obvious family trait is han ...
151Unit 2 is it all in the GenesChapter 5 Molecular.docx
151
Unit 2
is it all in the Genes?
Chapter 5 Molecular Genetics
Chapter 6 inheriting Genes
ch05.indd 151 11/12/15 5:17 pm
F
O
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T
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R
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C
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1
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ch05.indd 152 11/12/15 5:17 pm
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O
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E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
2
T
S
153
Molecular Genetics
5
© Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
essentials
Melanin Pigment in skin provides a dark color.
It darkens skin as sunlight penetrates its layers
DNA Replication makes more of itself passing itself onto
new generations
Mutation on a gene
©
D
a
b
a
rt
i C
G
I/
S
h
u
tt
e
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.c
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DNA provides the instructions for life, including
skin color
Tanzanian Albinism
©
B
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d
a
C
a
rs
o
n
/S
h
u
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ch05.indd 153 11/12/15 5:17 pm
F
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D
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2
T
S
154 Unit 2: Is it all in the Genes?
the Case of Out-of-place Color
“It was a terrible sight,” recalled the emergency room attending physician, Dr. Franc.
Fourteen-year-old Joyce Carl had been rushed into the ER last week with bruises and
cuts on her left arm and shoulder, after a man tried to abduct her while she was walking
home from school. Joyce resisted, and the aggressor tried to cut off her arm. A group of
onlookers helped her to escape.
Even uninjured, Joyce would be a strange spectacle here in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
An albino, she had white skin, blonde hair, and pale blue eyes, making her stand out
dramatically among her black peers. Albinism is a noncontagious disease that is rare in
most parts of the world but fairly common in Tanzania, affecting one in 2,000 people.
Genetically inherited from both mother and father, it results from a lack of pigmenta-
tion. Eyes, skin, and hair are without color, and individuals with the disorder are highly
susceptible to skin cancers and burns.
Dr. Franc also knew that in Tanzania, as well as other parts of sub-Saharan Africa,
albinos are believed to have magical powers. It is not a compliment to their difference.
Witch doctors sell albinos’ hair, skin, bones, and internal organs on the open market as
ingredients for potions that are supposed to make people rich. With an arm going for
$2,000, about 20 Tanzanian albinos are killed each year for their body parts. This is a
great deal of money in developing economies, equivalent to over USD $200,000. Joyce
was almost a victim, and an estimated 170,000 albinos live in fear.
Dr. Franc told Joyce she would leave tomorrow morning, given that her condition
was improving. She was a friendly and well-adjusted young lady and he wished her well.
But as he was leaving the room she asked him, “Why is this happening to me?” Dr. Franc
knew that human genetics is a powerful force in society as well as in our bodies.
early ideas about Genetics
At times, a very obvious family trait is han.
151Unit 2 is it all in the GenesChapter 5 Molecular.docx
151
Unit 2
is it all in the Genes?
Chapter 5 Molecular Genetics
Chapter 6 inheriting Genes
ch05.indd 151 11/12/15 5:17 pm
F
O
S
T
E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
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T
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ch05.indd 152 11/12/15 5:17 pm
F
O
S
T
E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
2
T
S
153
Molecular Genetics
5
© Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
essentials
Melanin Pigment in skin provides a dark color.
It darkens skin as sunlight penetrates its layers
DNA Replication makes more of itself passing itself onto
new generations
Mutation on a gene
©
D
ab
ar
ti
C
G
I/S
hu
tte
rs
to
ck
.c
om
©
de
an
b
er
to
nc
el
j/S
hu
tte
rs
to
ck
.c
om
©
D
es
ig
nu
a/
S
hu
tte
rs
to
ck
.c
om
©
iQ
on
ce
p/
S
hu
tte
rs
to
ck
.c
om
DNA provides the instructions for life, including
skin color
Tanzanian Albinism
©
B
re
nd
a
C
ar
so
n/
S
hu
tte
rs
to
ck
.c
om
ch05.indd 153 11/12/15 5:17 pm
F
O
S
T
E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
2
T
S
154 Unit 2: Is it all in the Genes?
the Case of Out-of-place Color
“It was a terrible sight,” recalled the emergency room attending physician, Dr. Franc.
Fourteen-year-old Joyce Carl had been rushed into the ER last week with bruises and
cuts on her left arm and shoulder, after a man tried to abduct her while she was walking
home from school. Joyce resisted, and the aggressor tried to cut off her arm. A group of
onlookers helped her to escape.
Even uninjured, Joyce would be a strange spectacle here in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
An albino, she had white skin, blonde hair, and pale blue eyes, making her stand out
dramatically among her black peers. Albinism is a noncontagious disease that is rare in
most parts of the world but fairly common in Tanzania, affecting one in 2,000 people.
Genetically inherited from both mother and father, it results from a lack of pigmenta-
tion. Eyes, skin, and hair are without color, and individuals with the disorder are highly
susceptible to skin cancers and burns.
Dr. Franc also knew that in Tanzania, as well as other parts of sub-Saharan Africa,
albinos are believed to have magical powers. It is not a compliment to their difference.
Witch doctors sell albinos’ hair, skin, bones, and internal organs on the open market as
ingredients for potions that are supposed to make people rich. With an arm going for
$2,000, about 20 Tanzanian albinos are killed each year for their body parts. This is a
great deal of money in developing economies, equivalent to over USD $200,000. Joyce
was almost a victim, and an estimated 170,000 albinos live in fear.
Dr. Franc told Joyce she would leave tomorrow morning, given that her condition
was improving. She was a friendly and well-adjusted young lady and he wished her well.
But as he was leaving the room she asked him, “Why is this happening to me?” Dr. Franc
knew that human genetics is a powerful force in society as well as in our bodies.
early ideas about Genetics
At times, a very obvious family trait is handed down from generat.
Bio380 Human Evolution: Waking the dead
Bio380 Human Evolution, genes and genomes lecture on contribution of archaic populations to gene pool of anatomically modern humans, including Neanderthals and Denisovan
Please give an explaination fir those quesions! 2 3 4 5 1- Aman with r.docx
Please give an explaination fir those quesions!
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4
5
1. Aman with red.geen colour blindness is marned to a girl with normal colwir vision. What is the probaliliny that his childron will be coluur blind? 2. A boy has Dachenne muscular dyatrophy. His malemal uncle had died of museular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the prohatility that this chilfs sibs will be affected? Assignments \#3 rocosive or S -kinked dominant and X -linked recesive inheritance. (Nole that a potigrte may be coempable with muve thas ane type of inheritance.) Assignnents \#4 Examine the pedieree frum a funily with a ernetic disease and anvv the questiens below: a. Does this pedigree isdicate autosonal deuninant, teoessive of set-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuaning that B and b are the normal and mataut alleies respectively what would be the enenotypes of the individuals :II.1, 11 2 and III .3? c. Individual II. 3 requested genctic counselling. What is the probubility that her child woald be affected. Fxplain why. Assignments \#5 Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hercditary form of deafhess within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant of recessive?? B. Is it carried on an autosome of a sex cluomosome? Why? C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected) In comparing these 11 SNP result, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical \#ene? How might you deleet it? Assignments \#1 Distinguish between the following genetic terms: A. Gene and allele. B. Homozygous and heterozygous. C. Genotype and phenotype. D. Dominant and recessive. 1. A man with red-green colour blindness is married to a girl with normal colour vision. What is the probability that his children will be colour blind? 2. A boy has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. His maternal uncle had died of muscular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the probability that this child's sibs will be affected? Explain, giving reasons, whether the following pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X -linked dominant and X -linked recessive inheritance. (Note that a pedigree may be compatible with more than one type of inheritance.) a. b. c. a. b. c. Assignments \#4 Examine the pedigree from a family with a genetic disease and ansv the questions below: a. Does this pedigree indicate autosomal dominant, recessive or sex-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuming that B and b are the normal and mutant alleles respectively what would be the genotypes of the individuals: II.I, II.2 and III.3 ? c. Individual II. 3 requested genetic counselling. What is the probability that her child would be affected. Explain why. Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive? B. I.
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Fingerprinting Explained, Techniques Used, Usage, Limitations and Contradictions.
*I won an Award for the Best Power Point Project Presentation in class 12th for this project. :D
A SNP array for human population genetics studies
Yontao Lu, Teri Genschoreck, Swapan Mallick, Amy Ollmann, Nick Patterson, Yiping Zhan, Teresa Webster, David Reich Overview of the Human Origins Array, the first array developed with leading geneticists to enable rigorous population genetics studies.
questions. How did semiconservative and Stahl s experiments support .pdf
questions. How did semiconservative? and Stahl s experiments support the idea that DNA
replication is 2. A new form of DNA is discovered that appears to be able to replicate itself both
in the 3\' 5\' direct and in the sequence direction. If this is true, how would newly on replication
differ from DNA replication as we this discovered DNA know it? 3. Amazingly, an alien species
of cellular organism is found alive in the remains of a meteorite that landed in the Mojave
Desert. As a scientist, you are trying to determine whether this alien life-form uses DNA,
protein, or some other type of compound as its hereditary material a. What kinds of experiments
would you propose to determine what the hereditary material b. If the hereditary material tums
out to be similar to our DNA, describe the simplest experiments you could run to try to
determine if is double-stranded like our DNA, triple-stranded, or some other configuration.
Copyright 2014 Pearson Activity 15.3 Inc.
Solution
Answer to question 1
Nitrogen is one of the major constituent of DNA. 14N is by far the most abundant isotope of
nitrogen, but DNA with the heavier 15N isotope is also functional.
E. coli was grown for several generations in a medium containing NH4Cl with 15N. When DNA
is extracted from these cells and centrifuged on a salt density gradient, the DNA separates out at
the point at which its density equals that of the salt solution. The DNA of the cells grown in 15N
medium had a higher density than cells grown in normal 14N medium. After that, E. coli cells
with only 15N in their DNA were transferred to a 14N medium and were allowed to divide.
DNA was extracted periodically and was compared to pure 14N DNA and 15N DNA. After one
replication, the DNA was found to have intermediate density. Since conservative replication
would result in equal amounts of DNA of the higher and lower densities (but no DNA of an
intermediate density), conservative replication was excluded. However, this result was consistent
with both semiconservative and dispersive replication. Semiconservative replication would result
in double-stranded DNA with one strand of 15N DNA, and one of 14N DNA, while dispersive
replication would result in double-stranded DNA with both strands having mixtures of 15N and
14N DNA, either of which would have appeared as DNA of an intermediate density.
Meselson–Stahl continued to sample cells as replication continued. DNA from cells after two
replications had been completed was found to consist of equal amounts of DNA with two
different densities, one corresponding to the intermediate density of DNA of cells grown for only
one division in 14N medium, the other corresponding to DNA from cells grown exclusively in
14N medium. This was inconsistent with dispersive replication, which would have resulted in a
single density, lower than the intermediate density of the one-generation cells, but still higher
than cells grown only in 14N DNA medium, as the original 15N DNA would have be.
Scientific facts are myths, told through fairytales and spread by gossip.
Big data and the future of democracy: How can people hold analytics and algorithms to account?
Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes- The first 22 pairs are called.pdf
Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes. The first 22 pairs are called autosomes, and they
contain numerous genes that affect the traits of the individual. The last pair, number 23, are the
sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes determine gender (i.e., either male or female), but there
are other genes on this pair of chromosomes as well. Males sex chromosomes are XY, while
female sex chromosomes are XX . The gametes in a human (either egg cells or sperm cells)
contain only 23 chromosomes. Fertilization, the fusion of an egg and a sperm, restores the total
of 46 chromosomes in a human zygote. Non-gamete cells are called somatic cells, and they have
all 46 chromosomes in them. 1. Your sex chromosomes: XX Just as in Mendel's pea plant
experiments, genes in humans can be dominant or recessive, and the results of "crosses" can be
predicted using Punnett squares. A phenotype is the physical expression of a gene (made up of a
pair of alleles). The genotype is the actual genetic makeup of the allele pair. An individual
having two identical alleles for a gene is said to be homozygous. There can be homozygous
dominant or homozygous recessive combinations. Dominant traits are represented by capital
letters; recessive by lower case letters. An individual having non-identical alleles for a gene is
said to be heterozygous. Note that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is determined by
the dominant gene. Dominant alleles tend to cover up the presence of any recessive alleles. In a
case of alleles that show simple dominance / recessiveness, it is not possible to know if an
individual who possesses a dominant trait has the homozygous dominant or the hatarnzunniic
nanntune haced an nhanntuns tha onlv nne wo knnwe for rertain is the Accessibility: Investigate
Example: What phenotypes and genotypes could one expect from a cross between two pea
plants, one true-breeding for yellow seeds and the other true-breeding for green seeds? Yellow
seeds are dominant to green. Complete the Punnett square below. Y The true-breeding The true-
breeding green seed plant yellow seed plant can only contribute can only contribute a recessive
allele. a dominant allele. Many human traits are controlled by a single pair of alleles and through
simple dominant and recessive rules. Example: Tongue rolling - If you can roll your tongue
lengthwise, you have the trait controlled by the dominant allele. Let " R " represent the dominant
allele in your genotype and r represent the recessive allele. If you have the dominant phenotype,
how do you know if you are homozygous dominant or heterozygous. That depends upon
knowing if one of your parents couldn't roll their tongue. For example, my Dad cannot roll his
tongue but I can. So, my genotype is Rr for this trait. If you do know know about your parents,
then you have to put both possible genotypes for yourself, i.e. RR or Rr . 2. What is your
phenotype (roller or non-roller)? 3. What is your genotype? A. If you and your parents can both
ro.
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study heredity in a series of exper.docx
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study heredity in a series of experiments. Mendel worked by carefully observing and recording traits in successive generations of plants. Knowledge about DNA and chromosomes came later.
This lab will apply genetic laws to human inheritance using Punnett squares.
Recall that DNA is wound tightly into chromosomes. Cells with only one set of chromosomes, such as sex cells, are
haploid
. When two haploid cells fuse during fertilization, a diploid zygote with two full sets of chromosomes is formed. Most cells of a mature individual are diploid.
Homologous chromosomes
have the same genes, but they might have different versions (
alleles
) of those genes.
Diploid
cells have two alleles for each gene. These alleles might be identical (gene A) or different (gene B). Each gene’s
locus
is its location on a chromosome.
Human traits come through dominant or recessive inheritance. For example, the cystic fibrosis traits carried by a dominant allele are always expressed, even if the recessive gene is present (FF or Ff). The recessive is only expressed when two copies of the recessive allele are present (ff).
Mother: Healthy carrier
F
f
Father: Healthy carrier
F
FF
Healthy non-carrier
Ff
Healthy carrier
f
Ff
Healthy carrier
FF
Affected
Human gender is carried on the X and Y chromosomes. Females are XX and males are XY. Heredity traits such as color blindness, which is the inability to distinguish among some colors, are carried on the X chromosome (X
c
). The presence of one normal X
C
will allow normal vision.
In this next set of exercises, you will determine the genotypes of the parents by considering the inheritance patterns of traits in their children. The following is a table of the phenotypes of the family members:
Phenotype
Alleles
Parents
Mother
Not color blind
Freckles
Type B blood
X
c
X
C
Ff
I
B
i
Father
Color blind
No freckles
Type A blood
X
c
Y
Ff
I
A
i
Children
Abby
Color blind
Freckles
X
c
X
c
Ff or ff
Brady
Not color blind
No freckles
X
C
Y
ff
Carly
Not color blind
No freckles
X
c
X
C
ff
Dennis
Color blind
Freckles
X
c
Y
Ff or ff
Exercise 1: Color Blindness
Using the alleles XC (not color blind) and Xc (color blind), distribute the gametes from each parent to the outside of the Punnett square. Drag and drop the child with the correct phenotype to the box within the Punnett square that has the corresponding genotype that would occur from the fusion of egg and sperm as indicated by your placement of the gametes.
Exercise 2: Freckles
Freckles are groups of cells on the skin that produce the pigment melanin, often in response to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The gene for freckles is inherited in a dominant/recessive pattern. A person carrying even a single copy of the dominant allele (F) will have freckles. A person who is homozygous recessive (ff) will have no freckles.
Using the alleles F (freckles) and f (no freckles), distribute the gametes from each parent to the outside of the Punne.
tgat is everything b Draw a Punnett square to illustrate a.pdf
tgat is everything
b. Draw a Punnett square to illustrate a crons between a birch hetenomygous for bark colour and
trunk searring and a birch homory 6 ous recevise for both characteristios Give the rerulting
genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring of this cross. c. After prealatigg the results of the
cross in part b. the actual cross between these white birch was carried out and resulted in the
following numbers of offspring: 92 white bark, scarred trunk 96 grey bark, unscarred trunk 5 white
bark, unscarred trunk 7 grey bark, scarred trunk Calculate the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of
these offispring- How do these results compare to your predicted ratios above? You began this
question with the assumption that the genes responsible for bark colour and trunk scarring were
locared on separate chromosomes. Do the observed results support this assumption? Explain
what these results mean and why you can make that conclusion. 8. A local farmer, plagued by
roving herbivores, has decided to befriend a new herd of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus
vinginiamus). Having taken a number of genetics courses during his Agriculture degree, the farmer
decides to observe the heritability of a couple of phenotypic traits. In these deer, a white patch on
the chest (R) is dominant to not having a patch ( r, and white spots along their side (T) are
dominant to no spots(t). After a particularly hot summer, the farmer notices a new male deer in the
area that looks to have been trapped by a forest fire- it's fur is badly singed, and none of the
typical colouration is visible.Based on this, what are the genorypes of the gametes from an
organism with the genotype QqRr ? Trae or False: These gametes will all be equally likely. 4.
What are the two uses for a test cross? 3. a. 5. Give an example of a phenotypic frequency: 6.
Give an cxample of a genotypic ratio: 7. In White birch (Bernila papyrifena, a species of tree),
white bark (B) is dominant to grey bark (b), and the presence of black trunk scars (E) is dominant
to an unscarred trunk (e). a. Assuming that these genes are located on separate chromosomes,
draw a Punnett square to illustrate a cross between a birch homozygous for white bark and a
scarred trunk and a birch with grey bark and unscarred trunk. What are the resulting genotype and
phenotype of the F1 ?Give the realting genotypic and phenotypie ratios of the offipring of this
crows. c. After prraictivg the results of the cross in part b, the actual cross between theie. white
birch was carried out and reulied in the following number of otfopring 92 white bark, scurred trunk
96 grcy bark, unscarred trunk 5 white bark, unscarred trunk 7 grey bark, scarrod trunk Calculate
the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of theie offspring. How do these remults compare to your
predicted ratios above? You began this question with the assamption that the genes responsible
for bark colour and trunk scarring were located on separate chromosomes. Do the observed
resalis sup.
2 3 4 5 Assignments -#1 Distinguish between the following genetic term.docx
2
3
4
5
Assignments \#1 Distinguish between the following genetic terms: A. Gene and allele. B. Homozygous and heterozygous. C. Genotype and phenotype. D. Dominant and recessive. 1. A man with red-green colour blindness is married to a girl with normal colour vision. What is the probability that his children will be colour blind? 2. A boy has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. His maternal uncle had died of muscular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the probability that this child's sibs will be affected? Explain, giving reasons, whether the following pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked dominant and X -linked recessive inheritance. (Note that a pedigree may be compatible with more than one type of inheritance.) a. b. c. a. b. c. Assignments \#4 Examine the pedigree from a family with a genetic disease and ansv the questions below: a. Does this pedigree indicate autosomal dominant, recessive or sex-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuming that B and b are the normal and mutant alleles respectively what would be the genotypes of the individuals: II.I, II.2 and III.3? c. Individual II.3 requested genetic counselling. What is the probability that her child would be affected. Explain why. Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive? B. Is it carried on an autosome or a sex chromosome? Why? C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected). In comparing these 11 SNP results, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical gene? How might you detect it?
.
4 Alex Blake Chris Drew and Jordan work for a publishing.pdf
4. Alex, Blake, Chris, Drew and Jordan work for a publishing company. The company wants to
send two employees to a conference in Oriando, Florida. To be fair the company decides to
randomly select two employees to attend. a. (5pts) Detemnine the sample space for the above
"experiment". b. (3pts) What is the probability that Chris attends the conference? c. (2pts) What is
the probability that Jordan does not attend?.
4 About 20 years ago money was invested to create a forest.pdf
4) About 20 years ago, money was invested to create a forest by planting trees in an open field.
Researchers want to check on the progress of the trees. However, there are way too many trees
to examine each one. Therefore, it is desired to take a random sample. a) Although it would be
convenient and easy, it is not a good idea to just sample the first 50 trees the researcher walks up
to and sees. Why not? b) Describe how to carry out a cluster sample. c) What would be easier: a
cluster sample or simple random sample? Why?.
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Please give an explaination fir those quesions! 2 3 4 5 1- Aman with r.docx
Please give an explaination fir those quesions!
2
3
4
5
1. Aman with red.geen colour blindness is marned to a girl with normal colwir vision. What is the probaliliny that his childron will be coluur blind? 2. A boy has Dachenne muscular dyatrophy. His malemal uncle had died of museular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the prohatility that this chilfs sibs will be affected? Assignments \#3 rocosive or S -kinked dominant and X -linked recesive inheritance. (Nole that a potigrte may be coempable with muve thas ane type of inheritance.) Assignnents \#4 Examine the pedieree frum a funily with a ernetic disease and anvv the questiens below: a. Does this pedigree isdicate autosonal deuninant, teoessive of set-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuaning that B and b are the normal and mataut alleies respectively what would be the enenotypes of the individuals :II.1, 11 2 and III .3? c. Individual II. 3 requested genctic counselling. What is the probubility that her child woald be affected. Fxplain why. Assignments \#5 Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hercditary form of deafhess within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant of recessive?? B. Is it carried on an autosome of a sex cluomosome? Why? C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected) In comparing these 11 SNP result, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical \#ene? How might you deleet it? Assignments \#1 Distinguish between the following genetic terms: A. Gene and allele. B. Homozygous and heterozygous. C. Genotype and phenotype. D. Dominant and recessive. 1. A man with red-green colour blindness is married to a girl with normal colour vision. What is the probability that his children will be colour blind? 2. A boy has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. His maternal uncle had died of muscular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the probability that this child's sibs will be affected? Explain, giving reasons, whether the following pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X -linked dominant and X -linked recessive inheritance. (Note that a pedigree may be compatible with more than one type of inheritance.) a. b. c. a. b. c. Assignments \#4 Examine the pedigree from a family with a genetic disease and ansv the questions below: a. Does this pedigree indicate autosomal dominant, recessive or sex-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuming that B and b are the normal and mutant alleles respectively what would be the genotypes of the individuals: II.I, II.2 and III.3 ? c. Individual II. 3 requested genetic counselling. What is the probability that her child would be affected. Explain why. Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive? B. I.
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Fingerprinting Explained, Techniques Used, Usage, Limitations and Contradictions.
*I won an Award for the Best Power Point Project Presentation in class 12th for this project. :D
A SNP array for human population genetics studies
Yontao Lu, Teri Genschoreck, Swapan Mallick, Amy Ollmann, Nick Patterson, Yiping Zhan, Teresa Webster, David Reich Overview of the Human Origins Array, the first array developed with leading geneticists to enable rigorous population genetics studies.
questions. How did semiconservative and Stahl s experiments support .pdf
questions. How did semiconservative? and Stahl s experiments support the idea that DNA
replication is 2. A new form of DNA is discovered that appears to be able to replicate itself both
in the 3\' 5\' direct and in the sequence direction. If this is true, how would newly on replication
differ from DNA replication as we this discovered DNA know it? 3. Amazingly, an alien species
of cellular organism is found alive in the remains of a meteorite that landed in the Mojave
Desert. As a scientist, you are trying to determine whether this alien life-form uses DNA,
protein, or some other type of compound as its hereditary material a. What kinds of experiments
would you propose to determine what the hereditary material b. If the hereditary material tums
out to be similar to our DNA, describe the simplest experiments you could run to try to
determine if is double-stranded like our DNA, triple-stranded, or some other configuration.
Copyright 2014 Pearson Activity 15.3 Inc.
Solution
Answer to question 1
Nitrogen is one of the major constituent of DNA. 14N is by far the most abundant isotope of
nitrogen, but DNA with the heavier 15N isotope is also functional.
E. coli was grown for several generations in a medium containing NH4Cl with 15N. When DNA
is extracted from these cells and centrifuged on a salt density gradient, the DNA separates out at
the point at which its density equals that of the salt solution. The DNA of the cells grown in 15N
medium had a higher density than cells grown in normal 14N medium. After that, E. coli cells
with only 15N in their DNA were transferred to a 14N medium and were allowed to divide.
DNA was extracted periodically and was compared to pure 14N DNA and 15N DNA. After one
replication, the DNA was found to have intermediate density. Since conservative replication
would result in equal amounts of DNA of the higher and lower densities (but no DNA of an
intermediate density), conservative replication was excluded. However, this result was consistent
with both semiconservative and dispersive replication. Semiconservative replication would result
in double-stranded DNA with one strand of 15N DNA, and one of 14N DNA, while dispersive
replication would result in double-stranded DNA with both strands having mixtures of 15N and
14N DNA, either of which would have appeared as DNA of an intermediate density.
Meselson–Stahl continued to sample cells as replication continued. DNA from cells after two
replications had been completed was found to consist of equal amounts of DNA with two
different densities, one corresponding to the intermediate density of DNA of cells grown for only
one division in 14N medium, the other corresponding to DNA from cells grown exclusively in
14N medium. This was inconsistent with dispersive replication, which would have resulted in a
single density, lower than the intermediate density of the one-generation cells, but still higher
than cells grown only in 14N DNA medium, as the original 15N DNA would have be.
Scientific facts are myths, told through fairytales and spread by gossip.
Big data and the future of democracy: How can people hold analytics and algorithms to account?
Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes- The first 22 pairs are called.pdf
Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes. The first 22 pairs are called autosomes, and they
contain numerous genes that affect the traits of the individual. The last pair, number 23, are the
sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes determine gender (i.e., either male or female), but there
are other genes on this pair of chromosomes as well. Males sex chromosomes are XY, while
female sex chromosomes are XX . The gametes in a human (either egg cells or sperm cells)
contain only 23 chromosomes. Fertilization, the fusion of an egg and a sperm, restores the total
of 46 chromosomes in a human zygote. Non-gamete cells are called somatic cells, and they have
all 46 chromosomes in them. 1. Your sex chromosomes: XX Just as in Mendel's pea plant
experiments, genes in humans can be dominant or recessive, and the results of "crosses" can be
predicted using Punnett squares. A phenotype is the physical expression of a gene (made up of a
pair of alleles). The genotype is the actual genetic makeup of the allele pair. An individual
having two identical alleles for a gene is said to be homozygous. There can be homozygous
dominant or homozygous recessive combinations. Dominant traits are represented by capital
letters; recessive by lower case letters. An individual having non-identical alleles for a gene is
said to be heterozygous. Note that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is determined by
the dominant gene. Dominant alleles tend to cover up the presence of any recessive alleles. In a
case of alleles that show simple dominance / recessiveness, it is not possible to know if an
individual who possesses a dominant trait has the homozygous dominant or the hatarnzunniic
nanntune haced an nhanntuns tha onlv nne wo knnwe for rertain is the Accessibility: Investigate
Example: What phenotypes and genotypes could one expect from a cross between two pea
plants, one true-breeding for yellow seeds and the other true-breeding for green seeds? Yellow
seeds are dominant to green. Complete the Punnett square below. Y The true-breeding The true-
breeding green seed plant yellow seed plant can only contribute can only contribute a recessive
allele. a dominant allele. Many human traits are controlled by a single pair of alleles and through
simple dominant and recessive rules. Example: Tongue rolling - If you can roll your tongue
lengthwise, you have the trait controlled by the dominant allele. Let " R " represent the dominant
allele in your genotype and r represent the recessive allele. If you have the dominant phenotype,
how do you know if you are homozygous dominant or heterozygous. That depends upon
knowing if one of your parents couldn't roll their tongue. For example, my Dad cannot roll his
tongue but I can. So, my genotype is Rr for this trait. If you do know know about your parents,
then you have to put both possible genotypes for yourself, i.e. RR or Rr . 2. What is your
phenotype (roller or non-roller)? 3. What is your genotype? A. If you and your parents can both
ro.
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study heredity in a series of exper.docx
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study heredity in a series of experiments. Mendel worked by carefully observing and recording traits in successive generations of plants. Knowledge about DNA and chromosomes came later.
This lab will apply genetic laws to human inheritance using Punnett squares.
Recall that DNA is wound tightly into chromosomes. Cells with only one set of chromosomes, such as sex cells, are
haploid
. When two haploid cells fuse during fertilization, a diploid zygote with two full sets of chromosomes is formed. Most cells of a mature individual are diploid.
Homologous chromosomes
have the same genes, but they might have different versions (
alleles
) of those genes.
Diploid
cells have two alleles for each gene. These alleles might be identical (gene A) or different (gene B). Each gene’s
locus
is its location on a chromosome.
Human traits come through dominant or recessive inheritance. For example, the cystic fibrosis traits carried by a dominant allele are always expressed, even if the recessive gene is present (FF or Ff). The recessive is only expressed when two copies of the recessive allele are present (ff).
Mother: Healthy carrier
F
f
Father: Healthy carrier
F
FF
Healthy non-carrier
Ff
Healthy carrier
f
Ff
Healthy carrier
FF
Affected
Human gender is carried on the X and Y chromosomes. Females are XX and males are XY. Heredity traits such as color blindness, which is the inability to distinguish among some colors, are carried on the X chromosome (X
c
). The presence of one normal X
C
will allow normal vision.
In this next set of exercises, you will determine the genotypes of the parents by considering the inheritance patterns of traits in their children. The following is a table of the phenotypes of the family members:
Phenotype
Alleles
Parents
Mother
Not color blind
Freckles
Type B blood
X
c
X
C
Ff
I
B
i
Father
Color blind
No freckles
Type A blood
X
c
Y
Ff
I
A
i
Children
Abby
Color blind
Freckles
X
c
X
c
Ff or ff
Brady
Not color blind
No freckles
X
C
Y
ff
Carly
Not color blind
No freckles
X
c
X
C
ff
Dennis
Color blind
Freckles
X
c
Y
Ff or ff
Exercise 1: Color Blindness
Using the alleles XC (not color blind) and Xc (color blind), distribute the gametes from each parent to the outside of the Punnett square. Drag and drop the child with the correct phenotype to the box within the Punnett square that has the corresponding genotype that would occur from the fusion of egg and sperm as indicated by your placement of the gametes.
Exercise 2: Freckles
Freckles are groups of cells on the skin that produce the pigment melanin, often in response to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The gene for freckles is inherited in a dominant/recessive pattern. A person carrying even a single copy of the dominant allele (F) will have freckles. A person who is homozygous recessive (ff) will have no freckles.
Using the alleles F (freckles) and f (no freckles), distribute the gametes from each parent to the outside of the Punne.
tgat is everything b Draw a Punnett square to illustrate a.pdf
tgat is everything
b. Draw a Punnett square to illustrate a crons between a birch hetenomygous for bark colour and
trunk searring and a birch homory 6 ous recevise for both characteristios Give the rerulting
genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring of this cross. c. After prealatigg the results of the
cross in part b. the actual cross between these white birch was carried out and resulted in the
following numbers of offspring: 92 white bark, scarred trunk 96 grey bark, unscarred trunk 5 white
bark, unscarred trunk 7 grey bark, scarred trunk Calculate the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of
these offispring- How do these results compare to your predicted ratios above? You began this
question with the assumption that the genes responsible for bark colour and trunk scarring were
locared on separate chromosomes. Do the observed results support this assumption? Explain
what these results mean and why you can make that conclusion. 8. A local farmer, plagued by
roving herbivores, has decided to befriend a new herd of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus
vinginiamus). Having taken a number of genetics courses during his Agriculture degree, the farmer
decides to observe the heritability of a couple of phenotypic traits. In these deer, a white patch on
the chest (R) is dominant to not having a patch ( r, and white spots along their side (T) are
dominant to no spots(t). After a particularly hot summer, the farmer notices a new male deer in the
area that looks to have been trapped by a forest fire- it's fur is badly singed, and none of the
typical colouration is visible.Based on this, what are the genorypes of the gametes from an
organism with the genotype QqRr ? Trae or False: These gametes will all be equally likely. 4.
What are the two uses for a test cross? 3. a. 5. Give an example of a phenotypic frequency: 6.
Give an cxample of a genotypic ratio: 7. In White birch (Bernila papyrifena, a species of tree),
white bark (B) is dominant to grey bark (b), and the presence of black trunk scars (E) is dominant
to an unscarred trunk (e). a. Assuming that these genes are located on separate chromosomes,
draw a Punnett square to illustrate a cross between a birch homozygous for white bark and a
scarred trunk and a birch with grey bark and unscarred trunk. What are the resulting genotype and
phenotype of the F1 ?Give the realting genotypic and phenotypie ratios of the offipring of this
crows. c. After prraictivg the results of the cross in part b, the actual cross between theie. white
birch was carried out and reulied in the following number of otfopring 92 white bark, scurred trunk
96 grcy bark, unscarred trunk 5 white bark, unscarred trunk 7 grey bark, scarrod trunk Calculate
the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of theie offspring. How do these remults compare to your
predicted ratios above? You began this question with the assamption that the genes responsible
for bark colour and trunk scarring were located on separate chromosomes. Do the observed
resalis sup.
2 3 4 5 Assignments -#1 Distinguish between the following genetic term.docx
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4
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Assignments \#1 Distinguish between the following genetic terms: A. Gene and allele. B. Homozygous and heterozygous. C. Genotype and phenotype. D. Dominant and recessive. 1. A man with red-green colour blindness is married to a girl with normal colour vision. What is the probability that his children will be colour blind? 2. A boy has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. His maternal uncle had died of muscular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the probability that this child's sibs will be affected? Explain, giving reasons, whether the following pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked dominant and X -linked recessive inheritance. (Note that a pedigree may be compatible with more than one type of inheritance.) a. b. c. a. b. c. Assignments \#4 Examine the pedigree from a family with a genetic disease and ansv the questions below: a. Does this pedigree indicate autosomal dominant, recessive or sex-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuming that B and b are the normal and mutant alleles respectively what would be the genotypes of the individuals: II.I, II.2 and III.3? c. Individual II.3 requested genetic counselling. What is the probability that her child would be affected. Explain why. Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive? B. Is it carried on an autosome or a sex chromosome? Why? C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected). In comparing these 11 SNP results, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical gene? How might you detect it?
.
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