This document discusses speech events and speech acts. It defines a speech event as an interaction between two parties, a speaker and an addressee, with a single topic, within a specific time, place and situation. A speech event consists of 8 components including setting, participants, purpose, and norms of interaction. A speech act is defined as an action performed through an utterance, and can have three related acts - the locutionary act of uttering words, the illocutionary act of the utterance's function/force, and the perlocutionary act of intended effect. The document provides examples of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and performative sentences.

2. SPEECH EVENT
• Chaer (1995: 61):
Peristiwa tutur (speech events) adalah
terjadinya atau berlangsungnya interaksi
linguistik dalam satu bentuk ujaran atau lebih
yang melibatkan dua pihak, yaitu penutur dan
lawan tutur, dengan satu pokok tuturan, di
dalam waktu, tempat, dan situasi tertentu.

3. SPEECH EVENT
• A speech event has to fulfill 8 components:
Setting & Scene
Participant
Ends
(Purpose & Goal)
Act Sequences Genres
Key (Tone &
Spirit of Act)
Instrumentalities
Norms of
interaction and
interpretation)
SPEAKING

4. SPEECH ACT
• An action performed by producing an
utterance
• An individual phenomenon,
psychological, and its implementation
determined by the language ability of the
speaker in a certain situation.

5. SPEECH ACT
Consists of three related acts
Locutionary act:
Basic act of utterance, producing a
meaningful linguistic expression
Illocutionary act:
Function/communicative force of the
utterance (also called illocutionary force,
can be a statement, offer, explanation etc.
Perlocutionary act:
Intended effect of the action

6. EXAMPLE:
In uttering the locution "Is there any
salt?" at the dinner table, one may
thereby perform the illocutionary act
of requesting salt, as well as the
distinct locutionary act of uttering the
interrogatory sentence about the
presence of salt, and the further
perlocutionary act of causing
somebody to hand one the salt.

7. SPEECH ACT
In traditional grammar:
Declarative
Sentence
Interrogative
Sentence
Imperative
Sentence
Performative
Constative

8. DECLARATIVE SENTENCE
• Constative sentence is a sentence which
affirms about fact, reports events, and
describes situation and condition. It
must contain truth values.
• Performative is a sentence which does
not describe nor affirm about fact but
contains a felicity condition, that is a
certain condition that have to be fulfilled
when the perform takes place.

9. PERFORMATIVE
There are five characteristics of performative
sentence, they are:
(1) The subject of performative sentence must be in
the form of first person pronoun;
(2) The verb must be in the same category with
performative verbs such as tell, say, demand,
advice, ask etc.;
(3) The object of performative sentence is always a
second person pronoun;
(4) It must be in the form of affirmative not negative;
(5) It must be in the form of present tense.

10. Examples:
• I promise…
• I ‘m sorry…/ I apologize…
• I admit…
• I’m hereby to make you…

11. See you Next week