What’s New
Direction: Readand brainstorm on the
following situations.
A.There is power interruption. Maria and her
mother are in the house because her father
is still at work. Maria approaches her
mother and says, “It’s getting warmer here
and I‘m already sweating.”
B.You accidentally bumped with your long-
time best friend as she opened the door of
her luxurious car and you say “How I wish I
have the same car as yours.”
3.
Probing Questions:
1.In thefirst situation, what do you think
her mother will do?
2.In the second situation, aside from the
literal meaning of the utterance, is
there other meaning this statement
has? If yes, what is it?
3.What realizations have you made after
thinking about the first situation? How
about in the second one?
4.
What is aSpeech Act?
Speech acts are
speakers’ utterances which
convey meaning and
make listeners do specific
things.
1. Locutionary Actrefers to the actual
utterance of the speaker.
Example:
When you ask someone, “Can you
pass the salt?” – The literal meaning
concerns the hearer’s ability to pass
the salt.
7.
2. Illocutionary Actrefers to the
intended utterance by the
speaker (performance).
Example: “Can you pass the
salt?” - In illocution, it is being
interpreted by the receiver
that the speaker requested him
to pass the salt.
a. Assertive
It isan act in which the
speaker expresses belief about
the truth of a proposition. Some
examples are suggesting,
swearing, boasting, concluding
and putting forward.
Example: No one makes better
sandwich than I do.
10.
b. Directive
It isan act in which the
speaker tries to make the
addressee perform an action.
Some examples are asking,
ordering, requesting, inviting,
advising and begging.
Example: Would you make me a
cup of tea?
11.
c. Commissive
It isan act which commits the
speaker to doing something in
the future. Some examples are
promising, planning, vowing,
betting.
Example: I promise to come at
eight and cook a nice dinner for
you.
12.
d. Expressive
It isan act in which the
speaker expresses his/her feelings
or emotional reactions. Some
examples are thanking,
apologizing, welcoming,
deploring.
Example: Thank you for your kind
offer.
13.
e. Declaration
It isan act which brings a
change in the external situation.
Some examples of declarations
are blessing, firing, baptizing,
bidding, passing a sentence
and excommunicating.
Example: I bequeath all my
property to my beloved fiancée.
14.
3. Perlocutionary Actrefers to the
actions that result from the locution or
what we bring about or achieve by
saying something such as convincing,
persuading, deterring or surprising.
Example:
“Can you pass the salt?”- if illocutions
cause listeners to do something, they
are perlocutions.
15.
TYPES OF SPEECHACT
Locutionary Act: What we
say…
Illocutionary Act: What we
mean we say it…
Perlocutionary Act: What we
accomplish by saying it…
