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Microscopy
2
3. How YOU can optimize clinker production3. How YOU can optimize clinker production
Reflected
light
microscope
Etched,
polished,
section
Helps when you can see the clinker minerals
3
Evaluation of Clinker Manufacturing Process
Silent witnesses never lie.
YOU
4
Clinker to the Microscope
5
Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Alite (Idiomorphic)
10 µm
Alite
6
Alite and Belite Microstructure, well formed angular alite
7
Electronic Microscopy
9-4
8
Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Belite (Lamellar Structure)
20 µm
Belite
Belite
Alite
(α β)
(α α)
9
Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Belite (Finger Structure)
50 µm
Belite
Belite
Alite
(Finger)
(Finger)
α
10
Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Belite (Secondary)
20 µm
Primary
Belite
Secondary
Belite
Alite
11
Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Aluminate (Cubic)
10 µmCubic Aluminate
Alite
Belite
Ferrite
12
Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Aluminate (Alkali)
10 µm
Alite
Alkali Aluminate
13
Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Free CaO
50 µmFree CaO
Alite
Pore
14
Perfect Raw Meal Mixing
(Homogeneous clinker texture)
150 µmPore
Alite
Belite
Liquid
Phase
15
Inadequate Raw Meal Mixing
(Inhomogeneous clinker texture)
200 µmBelite
Alite
Free
CaO
16
Ineffective Raw Meal Grinding
(Oversize quartz grains)
30 µm
Pore
Free CaO
Belite Nest (ex Oversize Quartz)
Alite
17
Inadequate Raw Meal Grinding
(Oversize free CaO grains)
50 µm
Pore
Alite
Free CaO Nest (ex Oversize Calcite)
Belite
18
Incorrect Clinker Burning
(Overheating)
75 µm
Large
alite with
internal
cracking
19
Very Rapid Clinker Cooling
(Aluminate and ferrite finely mixed)
15 µmHomogeneous
Liquid Phase
Pore
Alite
Belite
20
Normal Clinker Cooling: (Aluminate and ferrite crystallize
separately, alite only very slightly decomposed)
10 µmAluminate
Ferrite
Slight alite
decomposition
21
Insufficient Clinker Cooling
(Moderate alite decomposition)
10 µmAlite decomposition rim
22
Wholly Insufficient Clinker Cooling
(Advanced alite decomposition)
15 µmAlite decomposition rim

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3 c clinker microscopy

  • 1. Microscopy 2 3. How YOU can optimize clinker production3. How YOU can optimize clinker production Reflected light microscope Etched, polished, section Helps when you can see the clinker minerals
  • 2. 3 Evaluation of Clinker Manufacturing Process Silent witnesses never lie. YOU 4 Clinker to the Microscope
  • 3. 5 Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Alite (Idiomorphic) 10 µm Alite 6 Alite and Belite Microstructure, well formed angular alite
  • 4. 7 Electronic Microscopy 9-4 8 Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Belite (Lamellar Structure) 20 µm Belite Belite Alite (α β) (α α)
  • 5. 9 Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Belite (Finger Structure) 50 µm Belite Belite Alite (Finger) (Finger) α 10 Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Belite (Secondary) 20 µm Primary Belite Secondary Belite Alite
  • 6. 11 Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Aluminate (Cubic) 10 µmCubic Aluminate Alite Belite Ferrite 12 Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Aluminate (Alkali) 10 µm Alite Alkali Aluminate
  • 7. 13 Appearance of Clinker Minerals: Free CaO 50 µmFree CaO Alite Pore 14 Perfect Raw Meal Mixing (Homogeneous clinker texture) 150 µmPore Alite Belite Liquid Phase
  • 8. 15 Inadequate Raw Meal Mixing (Inhomogeneous clinker texture) 200 µmBelite Alite Free CaO 16 Ineffective Raw Meal Grinding (Oversize quartz grains) 30 µm Pore Free CaO Belite Nest (ex Oversize Quartz) Alite
  • 9. 17 Inadequate Raw Meal Grinding (Oversize free CaO grains) 50 µm Pore Alite Free CaO Nest (ex Oversize Calcite) Belite 18 Incorrect Clinker Burning (Overheating) 75 µm Large alite with internal cracking
  • 10. 19 Very Rapid Clinker Cooling (Aluminate and ferrite finely mixed) 15 µmHomogeneous Liquid Phase Pore Alite Belite 20 Normal Clinker Cooling: (Aluminate and ferrite crystallize separately, alite only very slightly decomposed) 10 µmAluminate Ferrite Slight alite decomposition
  • 11. 21 Insufficient Clinker Cooling (Moderate alite decomposition) 10 µmAlite decomposition rim 22 Wholly Insufficient Clinker Cooling (Advanced alite decomposition) 15 µmAlite decomposition rim