1. The document discusses fractions including: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and algebraic fractions. 2. Examples are provided for calculating fraction values and expressing the answers in their lowest terms for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 3. Exercises are given involving fraction operations, factorizing algebraic fractions, and expressing fractions in their simplest terms.

1. Topic 2: Fraction.
1.1 Fraction
Example:
1. Addition and Subtraction 5. Calculate the value of fraction below and
2 3 express the answer as a fraction in its lowest
+ = term.
3 4
1 2 3
(a) (1 − ) ÷ 1
o Change the denominator 2 3 4
o Addition or Subtraction :
Numerator : add / subtract ……………………………………………
Denominator : Copy
……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
2. Multiplication ……………………………………………
1 8
x =
4 9 ……………………………………………
o Simplyfy 1 2 3
(b) 1 − ÷1
numerator × numerator 2 3 4
o
denominator × denominator
……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
3. Division ……………………………………………
2 5
2 ÷ = ……………………………………………
3 6
……………………………………………
o Change mixed number to improper
fraction
……………………………………………
o Change the singn ÷ to ×
o Solve ……………………………………………
Example 5
⎛ 1 1⎞ 1
…………………………………………… Calculate the value of ⎜1 − ⎟ ÷ 1 and
⎝ 4 8⎠ 2
…………………………………………… express the answer as a fraction in its lowest
term. [2 marks]
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
4. Combined Operation. ……………………………………………
……………………………………………
o Bracket ……………………………………………
o Division/multiplication : Left to
right
o Addition/subtraction: Left to right

2. Exercise: 3 m−2
1. PMR 2004: (b) +
2m 6m 2
⎛ 1 2⎞ 3
Calculate the value of ⎜ 2 −⎟÷2
⎝ 3 5⎠ 5 ……………………………………………
and express the answer as a fraction in its lowest
term. ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
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…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… Note:
Simplify until simplest term
…………………………………………… o a + 4b =
5. PMR 2006 a
o =
1 ⎛4 2⎞ 4a
Calculate the value of 1 × ⎜ − ⎟ and
8 ⎝5 3⎠ ( x − 1)
o =
express the answer as a fraction in its lowest (1 − x)
term. [2 marks]
a + 2b
o =
…………………………………………… a 2 + 2a
…………………………………………… 2. Subtraction
…………………………………………… 1 2
(a) −
…………………………………………… 2 a
1.2 Algebraic Fraction ……………………………………………
Example:
1. Addition ……………………………………………
1 2
(a) +
2 a ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
…………………………………………… 3 2−m REMEMBER:
(b) − Add the bracket first
2m 6m 2
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
REMEMBER:
Add the bracket first

3. p p2 − 6 2. Fraction
3. Ungkapkan − sebagai satu 4. PMR 2004
m 4 pm
⎛ 1 2⎞ 3
pecahan tunggal dalam sebutan terendah. Calculate the value of ⎜ 2 − ⎟ ÷ 2 and
⎝ 2 5⎠ 5
…………………………………………… express the answer as a fraction in its lowest
term. [2 marks]
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
(factorise numerator and denominator)
5. PMR 2006
…………………………………………… 1 ⎛4 2⎞
Calculate the value of 1 × ⎜ − ⎟ and
8 ⎝5 3⎠
…………………………………………… express the answer as a fraction in its lowest
term. [2 marks]
(simplify)
……………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………
Exercise: ……………………………………………
3. PMR 2004 ……………………………………………
⎛ 1 ⎞
1− p
3 ⎜ 2 ⎟
Express the −⎜ ⎟ as a single fraction
2m ⎜ mp ⎟
⎝ ⎠
in its simplest term
……………………………………………
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4. PMR 2004
1 m+2
Express the − as a single fraction in
2m 6m 2
its simplest term
……………………………………………
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