1. The document discusses values (idrOu!) as an important concept in cognition and behavior. It defines values as the core principles and ideals that guide a person's actions and decisions. 2. Values are shaped by one's upbringing, culture and experiences. A person's cognition and behavior are influenced by their system of values. Understanding values is important to analyze a person's thoughts and actions. 3. The author argues that values provide meaning and purpose in life. Core values like compassion and honesty are important for well-being and positive relationships with others.

1. ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත ෙහේවෙග්
02 mrspzfPAoh (02 Chapter )
idr OrAuhla jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh
;`<ska m@lg jk m@cdkk yd prAhd moku
( Foundation of Cognition and Behaviour
as an Value in Concept in Metta )
idr OrAu ms<snZo yeZoskajSu ( Introduction of Values )
huzlsis ixl,amhla ( Concept ) idrOu!hla ( Value ) jkafka tlS ixl,amh
uZ.ska ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl hk f; wxYfhkau uqZM uy;a ffcj f,dalhd jsIfhysu ys;
iqj isKsi hf:dala; ixl,amh l@shd;aul lsrSfuz mj;sk yelshdj u;h' thska .uH jkqfha
huzlsis ixl,amhla idrOu!hla jSug wksjdrAhfhkau tlS ixl,amh m@fhda.sl ;,fha mej;Su
wksjdrAh njhs' ixl,amhla yqfolau idrOu!hla fkdjSfuz fya;`j fuhska meyeos,sh'1 Tzkeu
ixl,amhla idrOu!hla jk jsg tys ffcj jsoHd;aul yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul Wmfhda.S;djh
i,ld m@cdkk ( Cognition ) yd prAhd ( Behaviour ) hk fCIa;@ folla hgf;a ie,ls,a,g
.; yelsh' fuz hgf;a m@cdkkh yd prAhdj hk fo wxYhu idrOu!hla ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g
.ekSfuz oS b;du;a jeo.;a tl yd iudk jgskdluzj,ska hq;` oDIagsfldaK folls' tfukau
kQ;kfhys ffcj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul mCIfhka fuz fo wxYh ms<snZoju
jsjsO mrAfhaIK uy;a rdYshla is|= lr we;s ksid b;du oDIHudk wkaouska idOl iys;j u
lreKq f.kyer oelajSfuz wjYH;djh fujeks TzkEu Ydia;@Sh mrAfhaIKhla iuznJOfhka
w;sYhskau jeo.;ah'2
idrOrAuhla hkafkka weZ.fjkqfha l`ulaoehs ijsia;rd;aulj wrA: ksrEmKh
lr.ekSu fuysoS m<uqfldgu jeo.;ah' idrOu! hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka lsishuz jsreoaO fyda
jsfjzpkd;aul yeisrSula fyda meje;aula fjkqjg huz ksYaps; yeisrSula fyda meje;aula iuZ.
fm#oa.,sl jYfhka fyda iudcSh jYfhka tlZ.jSuls' ;j;a f,ilska wF:! olaj;fyd;a"
idrOrAuhla hkq mqoa.,hd iudch yd cSjs;h idrj;a lrk fmdfydi;a lrk udkqIsl
.`Kdx.hls' idrOrAu lsishuz ixialD;shlg fyda wd.ulg fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shlg fyda
31

2. wkHkH fjhss' tu ixialD;sl rgdj fyda wd.usl ikaorANh fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;sh wkqj usi bka
mrsndysrj idrOrAu ms<snZoj l:d lsrSu fuz fya;`j ksid ksIaM, jQjls' fndfyda jsg fndfyda
fokd idrOrAu iuZ.u ixialD;sh fyda wd.u fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shla fyda ms<snZojo iZoyka
lrk nj olakg ,efnkafka o fuu fya;`j ksiduh' 3
fuz fya;`j ksidu lsishuz idrOrAuhl jshqla;;d .`Kh we;ehs lsj fkdyelsh'
jshqla;;d .`Kh kuz idrOrAu th idlpzPdjg .efkk ixialD;sl iudcuh fyda wd.usl
rduqfjka mrsndysrj meje;aula iys;h hkakhs' idrOrAu jshqla; fohla fkdjk nejska th
ksrka;rfhkau wrA:j;a jkafka lsishuz ndysr iudc mrsirhla iuZ.uh' tu ndysr iudcuh
mrsirfhys wkkH;d ,CIKj,g wod,j idrOrAu fuz ksid ilia fjz' huzlsis iudc mrsirhla
;`,oS we.hqug ,la flfrk idrOu!hla fyda idrOu! ;j;a iudc mrsirhla ;`,oS ta yd iudkj
we.hqug ,la fkdlsrSu fyda tajd idrOu! fkdjk nj fmkajd oSu ;`< ;yjqre jkqfha idrOu!
ixialD;sfhka ixialD;shg fyda iudc mrsirfhka mrsirhg mj;akd jQ jsp,Huh fohla njhs'4
idrOrAu hkak yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jYfhka Ndjs;dlrkq ,nk ;j;a mo
fndfyduhla we;' tkuz yr" jgskdluz" mqreIdrA:" w.hka" jsksYaphka" i;a.`K" .`KOrAu yd
usksialuz hkdoS jYfhks' fn#oaOd.usl ikaorANh hgf;a idrOu! mqKH l@shd" l`i, lu! yd l@shd
is;a jYfhka wF:! oelafjz' idrOu! ms<snZoj iZoyka lrk jsg by;ska olajk ,o ish,qu mrAhdh
kduhkaf.ka weZ.fjk wrA:hka idrOu! hkafkka lshfjz'5 fjk;a f,ilska wF:!j;a lrf;d;a"
wjidk js.@yh ;`<oS idrOu! hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafkao ixl,amhlau fjz' TzkEu ixl,amhla hkq
ffcj m@cdkkhg wruqKq jk lsishuz ixfjzos;djhla jYfhka olajf;d;a th ksjerosh' usksidg
fukau fjk;a iFj jsfYaIhkgo ixfjzokhka ;sfnz' kuq;a tjeks ixfjzokhka fnfyjska m@d:usl
ugzgfuz ixfjzokhka jk w;r usksidg fuka oshqKq fyda ixjrAOkhg m;a iakdhquh
l@shdldrSFjhla yd b;du jsYd, ixlSrAK jHqyhka wka;rA.; uia;sIalhla Wreu lr fkd.;a
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3. fiiq iFj jsfYaIhkayg ke;' Tjqkg fjzokdj" |=l" nsh" wdidj" wdorh" fldamh yd yqol,d
iajNdjh jeks wixjrAOs; udkisl ixfjzokhka jskaokh lsrSfuz yelshdj muKla we;' th jqjo
lsishuz udkisl wdfjz.hla jeks ixfjzokhla muKs' usksidg fulS ;;ajh wNsnjd lsishuz
ixfjzokhla tys wdfjz.uh ia:rh blaujd ixl,amSh ;,fha isg jsZo.ekSfuz Yla;sh we;' fuh
ixfjzokhkays nqoaOsuh l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska yg .;a iajNdjhls' fuu nqoaOsuh iajNdjh jvd;a
ixjrAOkhg m;afj;au usksid Tyqf.a m@d:usl .;s isrs;a j,ska yd yeisrSuz rgd j,ska wE;a jS
tla;rd YsIaGdpdruh wjia:djlg t<fUz' fuh udkj YsIaGdpdrfhys tla;rd oshqKq wjia:djla
iksgqyka lrkakla fjz' l@u l@ufhka ffcj jrA.hdf.a udkj YsIaGdpdruh ;;ajh f.dvkZ.d
.ksuska oshqKq j;au ffcj jrA.hdf.a oshqKqj yd iqN isoaOsh wruqKq lrf.k f.dvkefZ.k tu
ixl,am idrOu! kuska yeZoskafjkakg jsh' tu ksid idrOu!j, uQ,sl ixl,amSh ,CIKj,g
wu;rj iodpdruh" ixialD;sl yd udkqIsl hkdoS jsjsO wx. ,CIK o wka;rA.;j we;'
by; oelajQ ksrAjpkh mrsos TzkEu idrOrAuhl iodpdruh ixialD;sl yd
udkqIsl wrA:j;a njla olakg ,efnz' iEu idrOrAuhlau hym;ah' m@;scdkd;aulh' krl
idrOrAu hkqfjka woyiajkakd jQ fohla lsisfia;au ke;' fuz fya;`j ksid tnkaola .ek
is;Sugj;a fkdyelsh' nq|=iufha TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` jsiska fkdl< hq;` hehs oelafjk miamjq yd
oi wl`i,a whym;a yd m@;sfYaOkd;aul prAhdjkag ( Negative Behaviour ) ksoiqka f,i
oelajsh yel' tajd idrOrAuhkays jsreoaO mCIh ksfhdackh lrk nejsks' tfiau ta ksid tajd
idrOrAu f,i yeZoskajsh fkdyelsh' tfiau tjeks l@shdjka is|= lsrSfuka mqoa.,dka;r yd iudc
iuznJO;d nsZo oefuk fyhska TzkEu ndysr iudc miq;,hla ;`,oS tajdg ysus i;H we.ehqu
6
fkdfjkiaj mj;S'
m@;scdkd;aul idrOrAu ( Positive Values ) ms<snZoj idlpzPd lrkjsg uSg
iuSm wrA:fhka idrOrAu ksrAjpkh lrk mZvsjre isgs;s' jsfYaIfhkau udkqIsljdoS ufkdajsoHd
.`rel`,fha udiaf,da yd Tz,afmdgz tjekafkdah' Tz,afmdgzf.a ksrAjpkh mrsos ‘idrOrAuhla hkq
iajd;auh yd iuznJO wrA:hls'’ nq|=iuh wd;aujdoh neyerlrk fyhska Tz,afmdgz olajk
iajd;auh mqoa., wkkH;djh f,i .; yel' tfiau th iajShFjh fyda fm#reIFjh f,io
wrA:l:kh l< yel' iajShFjh yd fm#reIFjh hk lreKq fol .;fyd;a th fjku
idlpzPdjg ,la l< hq;` ;rfuz jeo.;a ud;Dld folls' fuz ms<snZoj kQ;kfha is|= flrS we;s
mrAfhaIK yd Ydia;@Sh oekqu wOHdmk ufkda jsoHdj" ixjrAOkd;aul ufkda jsoHdj" <ud ufkda
jsoHdj" ufkda jsoHd;aul orAYkh" wOHdmk orAYkh" wdpdr jsoHdj yd orAYkh hk jsIh
fCIa;@hhkays me;sr mj;shs' fuz jsIh fCIa;@hhka tllg tlla iuznJO jk w;r fuzjdfhys
idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka jkakd jQ uD;Dld fndfyda fihskau iudkFjhla Wiq,hs' 7
idrOrAu hk jok bx.@sis NdIdfjz Values hk wrA:fhka Ndjs;hg meusK we;s
tlls' tys idudkH wrA:h w.h fyj;a jgskdlu hkakhs' usksiqka w.h lrk ishZM foh
33

4. idrOrAu f,i .; fkdyels nejska w.hka j,ska idrOrAu fjkalr .ekSug huz rS;shla wjYHh'
fuhska lshefjk wfkla foh kuz idrOu! fkdjk ke;fyd;a idrOu! f,i ie,lsh fkdyels
w.hkao mj;sk njhs' fuu w.hka mqoa., jYfhka fukau idudcSh jYfhkao jsh yelsh' w.hka
jkdyS huzlsis fohla iZoyd fmd|= talus;slj wdfrdamKh lrk ,oaodjQ fohls' t;`< udkqIsl nj
.enzjsh yelsh' tfiau tfia fkdjsh yelso jsh yelsh' tfia jshyels w.hka idrOu! f,i
ms<s.ekSu ms<snZoj wfma .egZMjla fkdue;' .egZMj we;af;a tfia fkdjsh yels foa ms<snZojh' fuz
fya;`j ksidu idrOu! w.hka j,ska fjka lr.kakd jQ uskquz oKav ms<snZoj ld,hla ;siafia
odrAYkslhka w;r fukau ufkda jsoHdZ{hska w;ro uy;a jsjdodiuzmkak hq.hla we;s jS
mej;sKs'8 fuz fya;`j ksidu idrOu! hk jpkh uy;a mg,ejs,s iy.; jpkhla njg m;a jS
we;' Values hk jpkfhys we;s mg,ejs,s nj .ek iZoyka lrk tan@yuz udiaf,da fufia lshhs'
‘Values hkak fkdfhla wdldrfhka ksrAjpkh lr;sfnz' fkdfhla fokd th
f;areuz .kafka fkdfhla wrA: j,sks' i;HjYfhka oelajqjfyd;a wmg jevsl,a fkdf.dia uSg jvd
ksYaps; ldrAhnoaO jpkhla fidhd.ekSu iZoyd fuz jHdc moh w;ayer oeuSug is|=fjkq we;'’
tan@yuz udiaf,da fuhska olajd isgskafka idrOu! hkafka wrA:h th jsjsOdrA:fhka Ndjs;d lsrSu
;`,ska uq,ska iZoyka l<dg jvd w;sYhskau mqZM,a jS f.dia we;s ksid thska uq,ska woyia l<
wrA:hg huzlsis ydkshla is|= jS we;s njhs' tfukau uq,ska woyia lrk ,o wrA:h mejiSu iZoyd
idrOu! hk moh w;ayer fjk;a jpkhla Ndjs;d lsrSfuz wjYH;djh jrA;udkh jk jsg u;`j
9
we;s njhs'
34

5. idrOu! ms<snZoj tan@yuz udiaf,da iZoyka lrk fuz |=Ialr;djh uelakso olshs'
‘Values hk ixl,amh jsoHd;aul f,i Ndjs;d lsrSu ms<snZoj mj;sk |=Ialr;djhla kuz th
fkdfhla fkdfhla wrA:fhkao jrskajr wrA: udre lruskao Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid we;sjS ;sfnk
jHl~,Fjhhs'’ huzlsis jsIhfCIa;@hl ksYaps; wrA:hla f.koSu msKsi jHjydr lrk ,o
;dCIK mohla thska mrsndysrj idudkHlrKh jSu ksid thska uq,ska woyia lrk ,o
jsoHd;aul wrA:h .s,syS f.dia we;s nj uelaksf.a m@ldYfhka fy<sfjz' idudkHlrKShjSu
idudkH jHjydrfhys mj;sk jpk iZoyd fhda.H jqj;a Ydia;@Sh Ndjs;fhys fhok jpk tfia
idudkHlrKSh jSu ksid tu jpk ksYaps; wrA:hka f.k oSu iZoyd jHjydr l< fkdyels njg
10
m;a fjz' tfiau ta iuZ.u wod< mofhys Ydia;@Sh mokuo jshelS hdug mgka .kshs' fuz fya;`j
ksid Ydia;@Sh jHydrfhys mj;sk ;dCIK mo tys Ydia;@Sh rduqj ;`<u jHjydr jkafka kuz
jvd fydZo nj fmfka' jsfYaIfhka bx.@Sis NdIdfjz Value hk jHjydrhg o jvd isxy, NdIdfjz
tys wrA:h f,i jHjydr flfrk idrOu! hk moh wOsl jHjydrh ksidu lsis|= ksYaps;
wrA:hla m@ldY fkdlrk yqfola jdlHhla rij;a lsrSug muKla jHjydr flfrk mohla
f,iska kQ;kfhys Ndjs;djSu ;`< ;j ;j;a fuu jpkfhys w.h msrsyS f.dia ;sfnz'
idrOu! ;`< huz jsksYaphla fyda Bg wod< uQ,sldx. we;`<;a jk w;r" tajd uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a
ksjeros hym;a fyda wdYd lrkq ,nk woyia yd u;hka meyeos,s flfrA' fuu idrOu!;`< ;on,
udkqIsl ,CIK we;`<;a fjz' wm jsiska mqoa.,hkaj Tjqkaf.a idrOu!j, mj;sk oevsNdjh u;
fY@aKs.; lsrSuz l< jsg th mqoa.,fhl` ;`< we;s idrOu! moaO;shla ( Value System ) f,i
yeZoskafjz'11
lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`f.a w.kdluz fyj;a idrOu!
oevsNdjh u; fY@aKs.; lrkq ,nk OQrdj,shla
idrOu! moaO;shla kuz fjz' fuz Oqrdj<sh flfkl`f.a
oevsNdjh fjkiajk wkqms<sfj<g iliajkakla o fjz'
oevsnj wkql@ufhka uD|= yd kuHYS,S yeisrSuz rgdjla
olajd mrsjrA;kh jSfuzoS idrOu! j, ;;ajh jevs
oshqKq fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh is; uD|= yd kuHYS,S njg
m;a lrjk ixl,amhls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh
n,mEfuka idrOu! moaO;sfhys OQrdj<s rgdj
wkql@ufhka oevsNdjfhys isg uD|=Ndjh olajd
mrsjrA;kh fjz' huzlsis idrOu!hla wkql@ufhka Wiia
;,hla lrd jrAOkh jkjd hkafkys kshdudrA:h
jkqfhao tajd fuf,i oevsNdjfhys isg fldmuK
m@udKhka j,ska uD|=nj lrd <Z.d jkjdo hk lreKhs' tfukau ta msKsi bjy,jk lsishuz
ixl,amhla mj;skafka kuz ksYaps; f,iu tu ixl,amh fiiq ixl,amhka ixialrKh msKsi
bjy,a jkakd jQ uQ,sl Wmdx.hla f,i kuz l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk fCIa;@h yd
35

6. tu m@cdkk fCIa;@h weiqre fldg ixialrK l@shdj<shg ,lajk yeisrSuz rgdj fyj;a prAhd
moaO;sh uZ.ska fiiq idrOrAu ixl,amhka fuyhjSulg ,la lrk nejz meyeos,sju fmkS hk
lreKls' mqoa.,hka ish,q fokdgu idrOu! moaO;shla jsiska ksrAudKh lrkq ,nk idrOu!
OQrdj,shla fyj;a ugzguz iuQyhla we;' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid yg .efkk
mqoa.,hka ;`< idudkHfhka mj;sk idrOu! f,i .;yels us;@Fjh" wkqluzmdj" mfrdamldrh"
fifkyi" wdorh jeks .`Kdx.j, idfmaCI jeo.;alu u; fuu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
iuzmrAlh ,nkakd jQ idrOu! moaO;sh yZ|=kd.; yelsh'12 fujeks udkqIsl .`Kdx. nsys jkqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh jsiska mqoa., uki fnfyjska uD|= yd kuHYS,S fjkilg nZ|=ka lrkq ,enSu
ksidh' ;uka fukau wkHhka o tl yd iudk fmd|= cSjk whs;sjdisluz N`la;s jsZoskq ,nkakd jQ
iFjhka nj jgyd .ekSu ksid wkH iFj jrA.hd ;ukaf.a m@fhdackh msKsi nsysj we;s fuj,uz
fkdj ;uka jeksu ;j;a wfhla f,i yZ|=kd .ekSug;a wjfndaO lr .ekSug;a fuuZ.ska wjldY
ie,fia'
fuu idrOu!j, we;s jeo.;alu ( Importance of Values ) ie,ls,a,g
.ekSfuzoS fu;a;d ixl,amh iuznJOfhka nsysjk idrOu! ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSu fuu
mrspzfPaofhys oS is|= flfrA' idrOu! uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a wdl,am" wNsfm@arKh" ixcdkkh (
m@cdkkh ) wdoS l@shdj,Ska iZoyd uQ,sl w;a;sjdru oukq ,nhs' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` fu;a;d
ixl,amhg wkq.; jk jsg tlS mqoa.,hd jsiska idudkHfhka fiiq mqoa.,hka iuznJOfhka
oelajsh yels fyda oelajsh hq;` fyda prAhd rgdfjz ( Behaviour ) jsjsOFjh tlS ixl,amh isf;ys
13
jrAOkh jS we;s wdldrh wkqj ;SrKh fjz' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS we;s
mqoa.,fhl`f.a prAhdj tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS fkdue;s mqoa.,fhl`f.a
prAhdjg jvd fydZo hehs ;rAl lsrSug fyda is;d .ekSug W;aidy .kq ,nhs' tys m@;sM,hla
jYfhka fuu idrOu! hkak wruqKq .; fyda ;drAlsl tlla jYfhka wmg oel .ekSug mqZMjk'
36

7. idudkHfhka idrOu! uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl`f.a m@cdkkhg ( Cognition ) yd prAhdjg n,mEuz lrkq
,efnz'
iEu idrOrAuhlau m@cdkk ( ixcdkk Cognition ) yd prAhd" wdfjzok" Z{dk
jsNd.S iy iudcuh hk mokuz mylska iukajs;h. fuu mokuz mfyka m@cdkk yd prAhd
moku hk fuu mrspzfPAofhys oS tla jr idrOrAu mokuz folla ms<snZoj tys l@shdldrSFjh
wfkHdakH jYfhka iuznJO lr idlpzPd lrkq ,nhs' fuu fojk mrspzfPAofhys oS wm
n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZo wjYH ia:dkj, oS
cSj jsoHd;aul mCIhg keUqre jQ;a mqZM,a yd .eUqre odrAYksl js.@yhla is|= lsrSugh' m@cdkk
moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ixcdkkh
lsrSu" ixl,amkh lsrSu" yZ|=kd.ekSu yd ta ms<snZoj lreKq oek .ekSu wdoS ikaksfjzokh
iuznJO udkisl l@shdj,sh nj uSg fmr idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lrkq ,ensKs' fuz mrspzfPAofhys oS
fuu udkisl l@shdj<sh yd tlS udkisl l@shdj<sh weiqfrka mekkZ.skakd jQ prAhduh ,CIK
ie,lk m@cdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZoj ijsia;rd;aulj idlpzPd lrkq ,nhs' tysoS odrAYksl
lreKq fukau ufkdajsoHd;aul lreKq ms<snZojo ;`,kd;aulj i,ld ne,sh yelsh' tfukau tlS
ufkda jsoHd;aul lreKq iZoyd miqnsuz jQ cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ms<snZoj o .eUqrska wjOdkh
14
fhduq lrkq ,nhs'
m@cdkkh hkq cSjshd jsiska fN#;sl f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSuh' wm ndysr
f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSu fkdfhla wdldrfhka lruq' oelSu" weiSu" wd>@dKh wdoS jYfhks' fuysoS
ufkdajsoHdfjys wruqK jkafka ndysr f,dalh m@cdkkh lrk wdldrh ms<snZoj i,ld ne,Suh'
prAhdjdoSkaf.a ksrAjpkh wkqj m@cdkkh hkq W;af;ackhka w;r mj;sk fjki yZ|=kd
.ekSuhs'15 m@cdkkh ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSu ufkdajsoHdjg we;s m@;sM,h l`ulao hkqfjka weish
yelsh' m@cdkkh wmf.a prAhdj flfrys uQ,sl jYfhka n,mdk idOlhls' cSjshd yeisfrkafka
ndysr f,dalfhka ixfjzokh jk W;af;ackhkag wkqjhs' tu ksid m@cdkkh ms<snZoj yeoErSu
jeo.;a fjz' ixl,am ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuzoS fuu ldrKh w;HjYH jkafka huzlsis
ixl,amhla wruqKq fldgf.k we;sjkakd jQ ix{djka cSjSka jsiska .@yKh lr.kq ,nkafka
m@cdkk l@shdj<sh uZ.ska jSu ksidhs'16 fu;a;d ixl,amh wjYHfhkau iduQysl nj flaJ|@fldg
f.k f.dvkeZ.S we;a;ls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lr;au iduQyslFjh ms<snZo
yeZ.Suo cSjshd;`<g ksrka;rfhkau msjsfia' cSjSkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh fiiq cSjSka o iuZ.
iduQysl osjs fmfj;la .; lsrSu jk nejska hf:dala; iduQysl osjs fmfj; iuZ.s iuzmkakj .;
lsrSfuys,d fujeks m@cdkkhka uy;a fia WmldrS fjz' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSu
prAhd rgdj ixialrKfhys,d .egquz yd wrAnqo nyq, jrA;udk udkj iudchg wjYHfhkau
jeo.;ah'
37

8. m@cdkkfhaoS wms jsiska ie,ls,a,g .; hq;` tla jeo.;a idOlhla kuz
wjOdkhhs' W;af;aclhkaf.a fjki yZ|=kd .ekSfuzoS
cSjshdf.a wjOdkh n,mdhs' huz W;af;ackhla
wjOdkfhka f;drj mj;S kuz th m@cdkkh jkafka
ke;' m@cdkkh hkq W;af;ackhla wjOdkhg ,lajSuh'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ uD|= iajNdjh" cSj
ys;jdoSnj" tald.@;djh jeks lreKq ksid is; mSvdjg
m;a lrk" jsh<s is;sjs<s wnsnjd tuZ.ska is;g iykhla
,ndosh yelsh' isf;ys iajNdjh kuz ksrka;rfhkau
jsjsO m@cdkkhkaf.ka hqla;j mej;Su jk w;r tjeks
m@cdkkhkaf.kao fu;a;d ixl,amh lemS fmfkkafka
tys mj;sk by; lS jsfYaI ,CIK ksid nejska
m@cdkk l@shdj<sfhys oS m@uqL;u wjOdkhg th md;@
jkafkah' fuu wjOdkh .;sl iajNdjfhka hqla;h'
wjOdkfhys tla;rd uOH ,CIhla mj;S' fuh kdNsh
hkqfjka yZ|=kajhs' mrsirh ;`< mj;sk W;af;aclh
kdNsh fjhs' wjOdkh yd iuznJO B <Z. fldgi kuz
Wmdka;hhs' Wmdka;h hkq W;af;aclh jsp,kh jkakd
jQ iSudjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lrkakd jQ
l@shdj<sh wdruzNfha oS m@cdkkh lsrSfuz myiqj ;ld huz huz iSudjka Tiafia muKla m@cdkk
jmirsh iSud lrkq ,nhs' kuq;a m@cdkk l@shj<sh oshqKq j;au wkql@ufhka fuu jmirsh mqZM,a
lrkq ,nk w;r iSudjka ish,a, w;sl@uKh lrkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSfuz
l@shj<sh werfUkafka uu hk iSudj flaJ|@fldgf.k nejska fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo
wjOdkfhys uOH ,CIHh jk kdNsh uu hkak f,i oelajsh yelsh' tjsg W;af;aclh jkqfhao
uu hkakhs' ish,q iFjhka fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh m;`rjkq ,nkafka uu hkak idfmaCI fldg
f.k nejska uu hkak flaJ|@h f,i .ekSfuz wjYH;djh meyeos,s fjz' fuu kdNsh yd Wmdka;h
w;r jsjsO wjia:djka wms m@cdkkh lruq' iuyr wjia:dj,oS wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia fjhs'
fufia wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia jSu idOl rdYshla u; is|= fjz' fulS idOl m@Odk jYfhka
fldgia follg fnosh yelsh'17 tkuz ndysr yd wNHka;r hkqfjks'
fuhska ndysr idOl ms<snZoj m<uqfldgu ie,ls,a, fhduq lruq' funZ|= tla
jeo.;a idOlhla kuz ;Sjzr;djhhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl ;Sjzr;djh wkqj m@cdkkh f.dv
kefZ.a' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ ;Sjzr;djh kuz fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd wfkl`;a foa
tlg neZo ;nd.kakd ixl,amhla f,i l@shd;aul jSuhs' tfukau iFjdruzuKhka wruqKq
jYfhka Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk nejska tlS wruqK cSjS iajNdjfhka mej;Su wksjdrAh fjz' fuu
wruqK wcSjS jqjfyd;a m@cdkk l@shdj<sh tla;rd ugzgulska Tnzng oshqKq l< yels fkdfjz'
38

9. fyj;a ;Sjzr f,i Ndjs;d l< fkdyelsh' ;j;a idOlhla kuz jsYd,Fjhhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl
mj;skakd jQ mqZM,anj ksid fiiq ixl,amhka w;rska jvd;a wjOdkhg ,la fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh
wdruzNfha oS uu flaJ|@fldg .;a; o jv jvd;a m@cdkk l@shdj<sh oshqKq j;au uqZM uy;a
jsYajfhau we;a;d jQ il,jsO cSjSka ish,q fokdu wruqK jYfhka fhdod .efkk ksid th
fnfyjska mqZM,a ixl,amhls' jsYd,Fjh yereKq fldg m@fNaokh o ndysr idOlhla fjz'
m@fNaokh hkq iqmqre|= W;af;ack w;rg wZM;a W;af;ackhla meusKSuhs' idudkH ixl,amj,g
jvd is;g iykhla Wodlrkakd jQ ixl,amhla uZ.ska we;sjkakd jQ W;af;ackh ksid tlS
ixl,amh jvd;a myiqfjka m@cdkkh jsh yelshs' tfukau huzlsis ixl,amhla jsjsO iajrEmj,ska
hqla;j m@cdkkh jSug i,iajhs kuz tlS ixl,amh ukdj .@yKh lr.kq ,nk nj o fuz uZ.ska
lshfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh tla tla wdldrj,ska yd iajrEmj,ska jvk wdldrh jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys
jsia;r fjz' tys jsia;r lrkakd jQ jsjsO l@uhka tlu fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd myiqfjka
m@cdkkh lsrSug ieliqKd jQ jsOs l@uhka fjz' tkuq;a tla tla jsOsl@uhkays wjidk mshjfrys ta
l@u ish,af,ysu ftlHhla f,i iSud iuzfNaoh bj;a lr fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd;a mqZM,a
iajrEmfhka m@cdkkh lrkdldrh olajd ;sfnz' m@cdkkh msKsi wjYH lrk ;j;a ndysr
idOlhla kuz mqkrdjrA;khhs' mqkrdjrA;kh lsishuz W;af;ackhla kej; kej; olakg
,efnzkuz tlS W;af;ackh flfrys jevsfhka wjOdkh fhduq fjhs' lsishuz ixl,am iuQyhla
w;rska jsfYaIs; ixl,amhla nyq,j Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid mqkrdjrA;kh jk jsg th mqoa.,fhl`f.a
wjOdkhg yiq fjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;hg .ekSfuzoS Wmfoia fokq ,nkafka th jv jvd;a
nyq, jYfhka mqre|= mqyqKq lrk f,ihs' fuhg wu;rj fu;a;d ixl,amfhys o wka;rA.; iqj
myiq iajNdjh iFjhd kej; kej;;a tu ksus;af;ys /ZojSug fya;`jla fjz' fuh yereKq jg
p,kh o ndysr idOlhls' lsishuz ixl,amhl prAhd ,CIKhkaf.a wka;rA.;h wkqj p,k
.`Kh wOsl;r fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; prAhuh ,CIK wfkla ixl,amj,
prAhduh ,CIKj,g jvd wOsl;r nejska jvd;a myiqfjka fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkk
l@shdj<sh msKsi wjOdkhg fhduq fjz' fuzjd w;rska wdorh" fm@auh" ohdj" fifkyi"
mfrdamldrh" us;@YS,S yeisrSu" iudcYS,SFjh" iudc fiajh" iduQyslFjh"
iudcdkqqfhd.Snj"ukqIHFjh" YsIaG iuzmkaknj" wdpdrYS,Snj" ;Hd.YS,Snj" kuHYS,Snj"
iykYS,SFjh" iycSjkh yd ifydaorFjh jeks usksfila ;j flfkl`f.a |=lg msysg jSug
bosrsm;a n,mdk tfukau l@shdldrSFjh fya;`fldg f.k ndysrska o jsoHudk jk m@n,;u lreKq
jvd myiqfjka mqoa.,fhl` jsiska m@cdkkh lr.kq ,efnz' fuzjd mqoa.,hdf.ka ndysrj mj;sk
nejska ndysr idOl jYfhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz'18
wfkla idOl jrA.h kuz wNHka;r idOlhs' wNHka;r idOl w;r m@n,
idOlhla kuz fm@arKhhs' wmf.a uQ,sl fm@arKhka yd iuznJO W;af;acl myiqfjka wjOdkhg
,la fjz' wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh wmf.a uQ,slu fm@arKhla f,i oelafjz' wdoS ld,Sk
udkjhdf.a mgka jrA;udk oshqKq iudc.; udkjhd olajd ;ukaf.a fulS wdorh yd iqrCIs;
iajNdjh hk uQ,sl wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSu msKsi udkjhd ;ksj yeisrSfuka je<lS
39

10. f.da;@ jYfhka ixjsOdkh jS l@shdl< wdldrh udkj jsoHdj jeks jsIhhkays meyeos,sj
wOHhkhg md;@ jk lreKls' f.da;@sl iudchkays mgkau iudc.; udkj lKavdhuzj,g
iduQysl nj w;HjYH jkakls' fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSfuzoS udkjhdf.a fulS uQ,sl
fm@arKh jk wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh Tyqg ,efnk nejska jvd;a myiqfjka yd
ksrdhdifhka m@cdkkh is|= fjz' ;j;a wNka;r idOlhla kuz wfmaCIdjhs' wm jevsfhka wfmaCId
lrk foa myiqfjka wjOdkhg ,la fjz' m@cdkkfha oS uQ,sl jYfhka jeo.;a jk fuu wjOdkh
tla;rd wkaoul wmf.a uOH iakdhq moaO;sh iy fud<h jsfYaIfhka kshqla; jS we;s W;af;aclh
myiqfjka wjOdkhg yiq fjz' uOH iakdhq moaO;sh tla W;af;aclhla flfrys kshqla; jQ jsg
wfkl`;a W;af;acl ms<snZoj fud<h lrd mKsjqv f.khdu wekysgS' fufia n,k jsg m@cdkkh
flfrys YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh n,mdk nj fmfka' 19
wNsOrAufhys iZoyka jk w;s iQCIu
ps;a; ffp;isl jsNd.h uZ.ska m@cdkk fCIa;@h
ms,snZo nq|= iuh olajk ,o w;s uy;a ie,ls,a,
ksrEmKh fldg oelafjz' ishZM udkisl .;s
iajNdjhka w;s iQCIu f,i jrA.SlrKh fldg nq|=
iuh m@cdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj jsia;r lrkq ,nhs'
tysoS wdh;k" Od;`" jsZ[aZ[dK jYfhka ukfiys
ndysr wruqKq .ekSfuys l@shdj,sh m@cdkk oDIaGs
fldaKfhka ukdj iQCIau f,i jsYaf,aIKh fldg
f;areuz .ekSug yd tu f;areuz .ekSu bjy,a
fldgf.k i;Hh wjfndaO lr.ekSug myiqjk
whqrska jsia;rd;aulj wrA: olajd we;' m@cdkkh
flfrys n,mdkq ,nk YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul
l@shdj,sfhys tla;rd wdldrhl ixjsOdkd;aul njla
olakg ,efnz' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a ndysr
f,dalfhyss mj;sk W;af;ackhka wms m@cdkkh
lrkafka lsishuz wdldr ixjsOdkhlska hqla;
W;af;ack jYfhkah' fmfkk W;af;acl" wefik W;af;acl" oefkk W;af;acl" wd>@dKh jk
W;af;acl yd ri jsZsosk W;af;acl jYfhka fuz ish,q wdldr jQ W;af;ackhkag ixjsOdk rgdjla
;sfnz' ixjsOdkd;aul Ndjfhka nq|=iufhys oelafjk fu;a;d ixl,amh fiiq iuhjdohkays
jsia;r flfrkakd jQ fuhg iudkFjh .kakd fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd mrsmQrAK iajNdjhlska
hqla; jSu fya;`fldg f.k jvd;a myiqfjka yd jvd;a ;Sjzr f,i mqoa., uki flfrys
Okd;aul n,mEula l< yels W;af;aclhla jYfhka yZ|=kd .ekSug fuz wkqj ms<sjk' fu;a;d
idrOrAufhys m@cdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) hg;g .efkkafka fu;a;d
idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh yd fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jk
40

11. wdldr yd wjia:d oek.ekSu hk lreKq ms<snZoj flfrkakdjQ idlpzPdjhs' fu;a;d
idrOrAufhys ixcdkk me;slv hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafkao by; oelafjk m@cdkk moku u fjz'
fuysoS idlpzPdjg .efkkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ms<snZo uQ<slju ukfia we;sjk jspdr mQrAjl
woyi fuysoS m@cdkk moku f,i ie,fla' uQ<slju fu;a;d idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu th
l@shd;aul l<hq;` yd l@shd;aul l<yels wjia:d nqoaOsuh jYfhka jsurAYkhg ,lalsrSu ;`<ska
jv jvd;a by< nqoaOsuh ia:r hgf;a tu ixl,amh Ndjs;hg .ekSfuz wjia:d Wodfjz' fuh
fpz;kdj yd noaOjqkq jevms<sfj,ls' fpz;kdfjz jsjsOFjh wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amfha Ndjs;h
jsjsOjk whqre fuu mrspzfPAofhaoS .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,laflfrkq we;'
prAhd moku ( Foundation of Behaviour ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis
idrOrAuhla ms<snZo wdpdr jsoHd;aul m@ia;`;hhs' fuz hgf;a idrOrAuh iuznJO wod< yeisrSuz
rgdj wOHhkh lrkq ,efnz' huz wjia:djloS l@shdl< hq;` ksjeros wdldrh l`ulaoehs jsksYaph
lsrSfuzoS mdol lr.kafka idrOrAuhs' fuh iodpdr jsksYaph ( Moral Judgement ) f,i
yeZoskafjzz' fuz wkqj idrOrAu yd iodpdrh w;r iuSm iuznJO;djhla ;sfnz' fuz ksid prAhd
moku hg;g wdpdr jsoHd;aul yd iodpdr uQ<OrAu ms<snZo jQ jsYaf,aIKhka wka;rA.;h'
idrOrAuhla yqfola jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdfjz' th wjidk jYfhka l@shdfjka m@ldYs;
prAhdjls' mqoa., prAhdj ms<snZoj fndfyda lreKq prAhdjdoh ( Behaviour ) ms<snZoj yeoerSu
uZ.ska o; yelsh' prAhdj fukau uki o ksrSCIKh l< yels yd ueKsh yels fohla nj
jrA;udkfhysoS ms<sf.k yudrh' jsfYaIfhka mdr fN#;sl jsoHdZ{hska fujeks wdl,am or;s'
udkisl wdl,am ueKsh yels l@uh f,i Tjqka jsiskau bosrsm;a lrk prAhdj mdol lr.;a; o
fu;a;d ixl,amh hk ufkda .;sl iajNdjh ke;fyd;a m@cdkkuh W;af;ackh uZ.ska usksia
udkisl iajNdjfhys ie,lsh hq;` Okd;aul fjkila fyj;a m@jrAOkhla fmkakquz lrkq ,nk
nj m@;HCI jYfhkau o; yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska usksia ukfiys m@cdkk fCIa;@hg is|=
l< yels n,meu wOHhkh lrkq ,nkafka fujka miqnsula mdol lrf.kh'
YS, YsCIdj prAhduh ixialrK l@ufjzohla f,i;a ksrAjdK.duSFjh lrd hk
l@usl jevmsfjf<ys mQrAj m@;smodjla f,i;a nq|=iufhys wrA: olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis
mqoa.,fhl`f.a udkisl miqnsug prAhdj uZ.ska n,meula l<yels nj ms<s.ekSug ,laj we;' fuz
woyi uZola |=rg YS, YsCIKh iuznJOfhka nq|= iufhys js.@y jk woyi iuZ. iuSm
iuznJOhla fmkajhs' fuhska m@lg jk jeo.;a lreK kuz ufkdajsoHdZ{hska jsiska prAhduh
m@cdkkh kSrAKh lsrSfuys,d jeo.;a idOlhla fldg .kq ,enQfjz tys ksrSCIK Yla;sh
.enzjSuh' fmros. ufkdajsoHdj huz mqoa.,fhl`f.a m@cdkk fCIa;@h iDcq f,iu ksrSCIKhg yd
mrSCIKhg Ndckh lsrSug;a ta uZ.ska ,nd .kakd f;dr;`re msgsjy,a lrf.k th Ndjd;aul
mCIfhys ixjrAOkhg yd Okd;aul ixialrKhkag fhdod .ekSug yels ;rfuz oshqKq ;;ajhl
mej;sks' fn#oaO ufkda jsoHdj fmros. ufkdajsoHdj ;`< uq|=ka u,a lvla f,i b;du;a by<
ia:dkhl jecUqfka l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkh fjuska mej;s fmros. ufkda jsoHdfjz jsjsO wvqmdvq
41

12. |=r,d ta fjkqjg uekjska wdfoaY l< yels mrsmQrAK yd wx.iuzmQrAK l@ufjzohla fn#oaO
ufkdajsoHdj jsiska f,djg odhdo l< fyhsks' fmros. ufkdajsoHdj oshqKq jSug n,mEfjz tys
wvx.` odrAYksl mCIfhys jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz ksrka;rfhka is|= jSu;a" tu w;aoelSuz iDcq f,iu
m@cdkk l@shdj<sh jsjsOdldrfhka Ndjs;d lruska is|= lrkq ,nk m@jrAOkd;aul m@;HCIlsrSuz
weiqrska tlS w;ayod ne,Suz f.dv keZ.S mej;Su;a" hk lreKqh' ta ;;ajh hgf;a fmros.
ufkdajsoHd fCIa;@h ;`< huzlsis ixl,amhl m@cdkk w;ayod ne,Suz yd m@jrAOkd;aul Ndjs;djka
ksrSCIKh lsrSfuys,d wx. iuzmQrAK yd mrsmQrAK fidhd.ekSula f,i ie,flk fn#oaO
ufkdajsoHdfjz m@cdkk moku iDcq ksrSCIK lsrSuz uZ.skau ta ms<snZo ish,qu f;dr;`re ,nd .;
yels ugzgfuz oshqKqjla w;am;a lrf.k ;snsKs' tmuKla fkdj ;ukag wjYH lrk wdldrfha
ps;a; oshqKqjla yd prAhduh ixjrAOkhla we;s lr .ekSug bjy,a jk wdldrfhka thg
.e,fmk iq|=iq ixl,amhla m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d flfia Ndjs;hg .kafkao hk lreKq ms<snZoj
fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj Wkka|=j olajd ;snsKs' fuz hgf;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk l@shdj<sh
yd tlS m@cdkk l@shdj<shg iu.duSj prAhduh mCIfhka mqoa.,fhla ,nd .kakd iqjsfYaIS
l`i,;d yd yelshdjka fudkjdoehs hkak;a iDcq ksrSCIKhka ;`<skau jgyd.ekSug ;ruz oshqKq
;,hl fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj mj;akd nj wjsjdos;h'20 prAhdjdohg wod, lreKq uZ.ska fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@cdkk jSu iduQysl yeisrSuz rgdfjz ixjrAOkh flfrys Okd;aul f,i n,mdkq
,nk wdldrh meyeos,s lrhs' wk;`rej fu;a;d ixl,amfhys prAhd moku hgf;a tys wdpdr
jsoHd;aul miqnsu ms<snZo jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efnz.fuhg wh;a jkqfha we;a; l:d lsrSu" wkqkag
Wojz lsrSu" jsYajdih /lSu" iudc m@;sudk lv fkdlsrSu ( mxpYS, m@;smodj )" fmdfrdka|=
bgqlsrSu" iduQysl j.lSfuka hqla;j l@shdlsrSu" wkHhkag iyfhda.h oelajSu" bjiSu" ;ekam;a
iajNdjh" iudkd;au;djh" uD|= fudf<dla nj" wk;sudkS nj yd wdpdrYS,S mej;`u hk
lreKqh. ;@smsgl idys;Hh ;`< wka;rA.; nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska ish Y@djlhkag wkq.ukh
fldg l@shdjg kZ.d ;ud jsiskau mila lr .kakd f,i kshu lr jod< ldh luzu yd jpS
luzuhkag wod< ish,qu l`i,.duS yd mqKH.duS lreKq prAhd mokug wka;rA.; fia oelajsh
yelsh'
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl` jsiska w;am;a lr.kq ,nk
prAhd oshqKqj m@ldYhg meusfKkafka iS, YsCIdfjks' iS, YsCIdfjys wka;rA.;h ms<snZoj
wOHhkh wdpdr jsoHdjg wh;ah' tfiau prAhdj wOHhkh lrkqfhao wdpdr jsoHdj uZ.sks' tu
ksid prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsYaf,aIKfhoS wdpdr jsoHd;aul iajrEmfha js.@yhla fuu
phH!d;aul fldgig wka;rA.; lr ;sfnz' jsY`oaOs udrA.h fn#oaO ixl,amhkays m@cdkk yd
prAhd moku fy,s lrk legm;la fia .sKsh yelsh' thska uQ,sl mshjfrys isg wjidk mshjr
olajd l@udkQl~, f,i jsia;r flfrkqfha prAhd YsCIKh uZ.ska wjYH lrk m@cdkk l`i,;djh
,nd .kafka flfiao hk lreKhs' tfiau tfia ,nd .kakd ,o m@cdkk l`i,;djh Wmfhda.S lr
.ksuska wjYH lrk prAhd oshqKqjg m;a jk wdldrho tys uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' fuys oS
jsY`oaOs udrA.h wOHhkh uZ.ska wdpdr jsoHdj yd wOs wdpdr jsoHdj ms<snZoj fmr wmr foos.
42

13. odrAYksl u;hkag wkql~,jk mrsoafoka fu;a;d idrOrAufhys .enzjk wdpdr jsoHd;aul
ikaorANh yd m@cdkk fCIa;@h .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,lalsrSu yd t;`<ska nq|= oyu ;`< wka;rA.;
jsoHd;aul pska;kh uekjska yZ|=kd.; yelsh' fuysoS wdod< odrAYkslhkaf.a kHdhhka iuZ.
fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`,kd;aul f,i jsYaf,aIKh flfrkafka fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`<
wka;rA.; odrAYksl yd kHdhd;aul nj meyeos,sj m@lg lsrSu msKsih' tfukau jevs |=rg;a
fulS jsIhhka ms<snZoj mrAfhaIK ldrAhfhys fhfokakl`g th jeo.;a jsh yels fyhsks'
prAhdmoku iZoyd jskh msglhg wh;a lreKq;a m@cdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition
) iZoyd iQ;@ yd wNsOrAu msglhkays wka;rA.; iQ;@ foaYkd;a Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,efnz' md,s
ixialD; yd bx.@Sis NdIdjkag wu;rj fjk;a NdIdjkaf.ka rpkdjqkq ;@smsgl yd wjfYaI
uQ<.@J:hkays wka;rA.; f;dr;`reo fuz iZoyd Ndjs;hg .; yelsh'
nZ
idr OrAu ms<snZo jsoHd;aul moku
( Scientific Foundation about Values )
idr OrAu jkdyS udkj m@cdkk ( The Field of Cognition ) fCIa;@hg jsIh
jkakd jQ ixl,amhkah ( Concepts )' huzlsis ixl,amhla m@cdkkh jkafka flfiao hk lreK
uekjska wOHhkh lsrSu uZ.ska udkjhka i;`jkakd jQ udkjhkagu iqjsfYaIS idrOrAuhka cSj
jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yg .kafka flfiaoEhs jgyd.ekSug ukd msgsjy,la ,efnz' iFj jsfYaIhka
w;rska fiiq iFjhkag fmd|=fjz we;a;d jQ idrOrAu w;rska udkj idrOrAu fjkia jkafka
flfiaoehs fuz wkqj Ydia;@Sh ks.ukhkag ;rAldkQl~,j meusKSug m@cdkh fCIa;@h cSj
jsoHd;aulj yeoErSu ;`,ska hym;a miqnsula ilia flfrA' fu;a;d keue;s idrOrAuho tla;rd
wdldrhl ixl,amhls' ixl,am iFjhka ;`<g m@fjzY jkafka m@cdkkh keue;s cSj jsoHd;aul
l@shdj,sh ;`,sks' fuys jsfYaIFjh jkqfha fuu m@cdkkh keue;s l@shdj,sfhys cSj jsoHd;aul
jgskdlula fukau odrAYksl jgskdlula o .enzjSuhs' jsfYaIfhka ngysr odrAYkslhka w;rska
fndfyda fofkla fuz m@cdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj mrAfhaIKh lsrSug Wkka|= jkakg jQfha m@cdkk
fCIa;@fhys .enzjk fulS odrAYksl jgskdlu ksidh' Cognition hk jpkfhka idudkHfhka
woyia jkafka yeZoskSu" oekSu" Wm,nzOsh" Z{dkh" m@cdkk" m@cdkkh" Z{dkh hk wF:!hs'
ixcdkkh hkqfjka oelafjkafkao fuhuh' idudkH ukqIH yeisrsfuz iuzmQrAK mokug ,nd fok
;ks ksrAjpkhla f,i fuu m@cdkkh hk moh wF:!l:kh l< yelsh' mqZM,a jsurAYkhkays oS
th wksjdrAhfhkau iSud iys; njla .ekSug mqZMjk' 21
udkj m@cdkk fCIa;@h" ( The Field of Human Cognition ) wm woyia
lrkqfha ukqIH iajNdjh olajkakd jQ l@ufjzohla f,ihs' wju jYfhka idudkH ukqIHhka
jsiska Tjqka ienjskau fkdolskakd jQ foa ishZM foa ms<snZoju oekSula we;s lr.kq ,nkqfha fuu
m@cdkk fCIa;@h ;`<sks'22 m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys mj;akd jQ fulS ishquz nj ksid tu jsIh ms,snZoj
43

14. ishquz lreKq wkdjrKh lr.; hq;af;ao uD|= njska ishquz jQ is;sks' ulaksido h;a oevs jkakg
jkakg isf;ys uD|= yd ishquz nj jskdY jS hk fyhsks' fldamfhka yd oafjzIfhka is; rZM yd oevs
lrk w;r ffu;@sfhka is; uD|= yd ishquz lrkq ,nhs' fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh
m@cdkkh lr;au is; uD|= yd ishquz jS isf;ys nqoaOsuh .`Kh jrAOkh fjz' nqoaOsuh .`Khka
f,i ie,flkakd jQ pska;kh" iaurKh" wdjrAckh" bf.kSu" ldjH ridiajdoh yd
;rAldkQl~,nj jeks ishquz Ndjuh ;;ajhka lrd pska;kh <Z.d lrjkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh
m@cdkk lsrSfuka uD|= yd ishquz njg m;ajkq is;hs' 23
m@cdkkh iy uq,a mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkda jsoHdj ( Cognation and early
Experimental Psychology ) fuysoS jeo.;a ;ekla .kq ,nk jsIh fCIa;@hls' ufkda jsoHdfjz
werUqu f,i t<sorjq jkqfha uSg wjqre|= ish .Kklg fmr mej;s huz jsoHd;aul YsCIKhla
f,ihs' tfiau th fnfyjskau yd fnfyjskau wfkl`;a jsIhhkaf.ka fjkajQ YsCIKhla f,i
mrsKduh fjuska mej;sKs' fuz wjia:dfjzoS tu jsIh ms<snZo jsIhdkQl~, wjfndaOh jevsj;au th
orAYkfhka yd iudc jsoHdfjka lD;s@uj muKla fjka jQ jsIhhla njg m;ajsh' ta jdf.au th
cSj jsoHdjkaf.ka o" idudkH jYfhka fN#;sl jsoHdjkaf.ka o fjka jQjla njg m;ajsh' kuq;a
24
th widudkH isoaOdka;hla fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk yd prAhd moku yeoErSfuzoS
uq,a mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkda jsoHdj jeo.;a jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska m@cdkkh jSfuzoS
fud<h yd iakdhq moaO;sh thg olajkakd jQ m@;spdrh u; isrefrA cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh
tuZ.ska md,kh jk wdldrh;a" odrAYksl mCIfhka tlS cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh cSj ixy;sfhys
m@jrAOkh iZoyd WmldrS jk wldrh;a"25 jsoHdkQl~, f,i tuZ.ska jsYaf,aIKh lr olajk
nejsks'wNsOrAu msglfhys oS jsYaf,aIKh lr olajkafka fuu ;;ajhhs' 26
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk moku ms<snZoj ( Metta Concept & Foundation
of Cognition ) lreKq idlpzPdjg .ekSfuz oS nqoaOsh hkq l`ulaoehs uZola meyeos,s lr.ekSu
jeo.;ah' fuysoS huzlsis idrOu!hl m@cdkk moku hkqfjka woyia jkafka nqoaOsuh ia:rh nj
l,ska iZoyka lrkakg fhosks' fuu nqoaOsh hkq l`ulao$ th fiiq idOlhkaf.ka fjkalr yZ|=kd
.kafka flfiao hk lreKg ms<s;`re iemhSug wmg uq,skau is|=fjz' fuu m@Yakhg ms<s;`re
iemhSug kuz m<uqfjkau nqqoaOsh hkqfjka wm jsiska ksrAjpkh lr.kakd foh l`ulao hkak
ms<snZoj huzlsis tlZ.Fjhlg meusKSug is|=fjz' ienjskau nqoaOsh hkqfjka wF:! olajkafka
l`ulao$ th fiiq foa flfrka fjkiajkafka l`uk lreKla ksido hk lreK uola jsuid ne,Su
fuysoS jeo.;ah' fuysoS jspdrd;aul nj" iyc l`Y,;djh" m@;sNdj" mrsl,amk Yla;sh"
ksirA.h" ksrAudKYS<SFjh" ;ksj ;SrK .ekSfuz yelshdj" bf.kqfuys yelshdj" is;Su"
pska;kh" ukkh hkdoS lreKq rdYshla tlg tla;eka jQ wjia:djlg wm nqoaOsh hkqfjka
jHjydr lrk nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' by; olajk ,o wjia:d rdYsh w;rska nqoaOsh hkqfjka
ienjskau wm ksrAjpkh lrkafka l`ulao$ fuz ish,a,uo$ ke;fyd;a tajd w;rska tllao$ kQ;k
jHjydrhg wkqj wF:! olajkafka kuz nqoaOsh hkafkka jHjydr jkqfha ksrAudKYS,sFjh nj
44

15. fmfka' fiiq wjia:djka nqoaOshg wka;rA.; jqj;a usksidf.a ksrAudKhlg mjd wka;rA.; l<
yels fuj,uz nj mejfia' fuz hgf;a mj;akd foa Wmfhda.S fldg f.k kj foa m@;sNdj weiqrska
nsys lsrSu ksrAudKYS,sFjh f,i ie<fla' wm l:d lrkafka idrOu! ms<snZoj ksid ienjskau
idrOu! ixl,amhkays ksrAudKYS,S miqnsula .enzjkafkao keoao hkak ms<snZoj wjOdkh
fhduqfldg ne,sh hq;`h' idrOu! ixl,amhkays miqnsu ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjlj we.hqulg ,la
lsrSu tys moku .fjzIKh hkafka woyihs' ta wdldrhg huzlsis idrOu! ixl,amhl fuu
ksrAudKYS,S moku wka;rA.; jkjd kuz tu idrOu! ixl,amfhys m@cdkk fCIa;@h wka;rA.;
jkjd hehs mejish yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj fuz wdldrhgu wjOdkh fhduq lr
ne,qjfyd;a tys ksrAudKYS,S nj wka;rA.;o keoao hkak ms<snZoj jgyd .; yelsjkq we;'
nqoaOsfhys iajNdjh ( Nature of intelligence )
fhys
fu;a;d ixl,amh ;`,ska W;aidylrkqfha il< cSj m@cdj tlg tlalr ;enSuhs'
nz,Qlhsuz wdoSka idrOu! jkdyS iudc ue,shula f,io wF:! olajkq ,enqfjz idrOu! ixl,amhkays
wka;rA.; fuu .`Kdx.h ksidhs' cSjfhys m@Odku .`Kdx.h jkqfha cSjhg ys;iqj iemhSfuz
jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh lr oSuhs' fjk;a jsosylska lsjfyd;a ukqIHhd we;`ZM iEu cSjsfhl`gu
fuf,dj jdih lsrSfuzoS fuf,dj jdikdjka; ia:dkhla tfukau jdihg Wps; ia:dkhla f,i
mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu uqZMukskau mejfrkafkao usksid m@Odk fldg we;s il, cSj m@cdj
fj;uh' fuysoS usksid ksrAudKYS,sFjh w;ska fiiq wfkla iFj j.!hdg jvd fndfyda fihska
bosrsfhka isgsk ksid fiiq iFj m@cdjgu fuf,dj jdih lsrSug Wps; ia:dkhla f,i
mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu usksidgu mejfrA'
nq|=iuh usksidf.a fuu nqoaOsuh yelshdj ms<s.kakd w;ru fuf,dj fiiq iFj
j.!hdgo cSj;ajSfuz whs;shla we;snj ms<s.kakd f,i usksidg n,lr mjid isgshs' tfukau fiiq
cSj m@cdj iuZ. iyfhda.fhka cSj;ajsh hq;`njo fmkajd oS ;sfnz' usksid ksrAudKYS,S ukqIHfhla
jkafka iajNdj Ou!h iuZ. tlaj l@shd lsrSu uZ.sks' ienjskau iajNdjh" iajNdj Ou!h jQ l,S
ienjskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' iajNdj Ou!fhys ksrAudKYS,SFjh usksidg" usksia nqoaOshg jgyd.;
fkdyels ;ruskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' fuz ksidu fuu l@shdj,sh ksjerosj lr.; fkdyels jSu ksidu
f,dj nsysjQ we;euz wd.uz yd orAYk uZ.ska iajNdj Ou!h ke;fyd;a iuia; cSj yd wcSj
iajNdjhu tla;rd wdldrhlska mqoa., iajrEmhlska i,ld ;sfnz' ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh
werfUkakg uQ,sl nSchka fuz ;;ajh mdol lrf.k we;s jQ nj meyeos,sh' ksrAudKjdoS wd.usl
yd odrAYksl ixl,am nsys jS we;af;a iajNdj Ou!h i;` wmQrAj yelshdj usksia nqoaOsh ;`,ska js.@y
lsrSfuzoS mek kZ.skakg jQ jsjsO wkjfndaO ;;ajhka lrK fldg f.kh' ksis wdldrfhka
fya;`M, js.@yhlg wiu;a jSu fya;`fjks' fuh tla;rd |=rlg m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys .egZMuh
;;ajhla f,i o fmkajd osh yelsh' wF:!jka ixcdkkhla l< yels jkafka m@cdkk fCIa;@h
jsjsO wkjYH iSud meKjSuz j,ska ksoyiaj mj;akd jsg muKla nejska fujeks iSud meKjSuz
45

16. mj;sk ;;aFjhla ;`< oS tuZ.ska we;s lrjkakd jQ m@cdkkh jsOsu;a yd mrsmQrAK hehs
ks.uhlg meusKSug fldfy;au mqZMjka lula we;af;a ke;' tu ksid tjka m@cdkk fCIa;@hka
uZ.ska ,nd .kakd jsjsO ;SrK wF:!l:k j, iajrEmh iSud iys; jSu fkdje<elajsh yelsh'
ksrAudKYS,sFjh jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl iajNdjhka ukfiys W;af;ackh jkqfha
uki rZM wdl,am j,ska yd iSud lsrSuz j,ska hk wys;lr m@cdkk w;aoelSuz j,ska f;drj mj;sk
jsgh' fyj;a ufkda.;sl jYfhka ishquz ;;ajlg m@cdkk fCIa;@h m;a lrjSug udkisl
yelshdjla we;s jkafka jsjsO wOsldruh ;;ajhkaf.ka uki fkdje<lajqjfyd;a muKs'
wOsldruh iajNdjhlska f;dr jQ uki w;sYhskau ishquzh' fkdrZMh' wjia:dfkdaps; mrsos .eUqre
ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks; lsrSfuz YlH;djhka iys;h' isysh;a wLKav ksrSCIKd;aul
jsYaf,aIK m@cdkkh;a ;`<ska jsmiaikd pska;kh ukfiys m@cdkk fCIa;@h fuf;la mej;shd jQ
mrsudKhg jvd jevs meyeos,s oelaula ,enSfuz wjldYh Wodjk mrsos mqZM,a lsrSulg nZ|=ka
lrkqfha by; olajk ,o wOsldruh iajNdjhlska f;dr jQ uki wjia:dfkdaps; mrsos .eUqre
ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks; lsrSfuz YlH;djhka iys; ksidh' ksrAudKYS,sFjh fu;a;d
ixl,amh iuZ. ieifokafka flfiao$ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys uqLHdrA:h jkqfha ys; us;`re njhs'
fuu ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,So$ ksrAudKYS,Snj hkq is;du;d wZM;ska f.dv kZ.k njhs' fyj;a
ilia lrk njhs' fulS ldrAhh;`< kejquznj ms<snZo wdl,amhla f.dv keZ.S we;' us;@Fjh fyj;a
ys;j;anj ;`<o fuu f.dvkeZ.Su olakg we;' kejquz nj fukau tlg tlalrk taldnoaO;djh
we;s lrk nj olakg we;' fuhska woyia flfrkqfha us;@Fjh ke;fyd;a ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,S
njhs' ksrAudKYS,S pska;khla fkdue;s ;eke;a;dg f.dvkZ.d .ekSula l<yels fkdfjz' ys;j;a
iajNdjh we;sjkqfha fuu f.dvkeZ.Su ;`,sks' iuia; cSj m@cdj iuZ. us;@Fjh f.dvkZ.kqfha
fuu ksrAudKYS,S pska;kh uZ.sks' fuz olajd f,dj nsysjQ jsYsIa: ia:dkhla orkakd jQ ksrAudK
usksia j.!hdf.a hym; fjkqfjka nsysjQ ksrAudK fjz' tfia fkdjkakdjQ foa j,g meje;aula
fkdue;' iajNdj Ou!hu thg tfrysj keZ.S isgshs' wm l:d lrkakdjQ iajNdj Ou!h jQ l,S
ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh fkdfjz' kuq;a iajNdj Ou!h fyj;a iajNdjh jQ l,S ksrjfYaIfhkau
ksrAudKYS,Sh' th tfia jkafka iajNdj Ou!h;`< .enzjk cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjh ksidh' fuu cSj
ys;jdoS iajNdjh lrK fldgf.ku iuia; cSjh fuz olajd fuu f,dj;`< fkdkeiS /ZoS
mj;shs' tfia iajNdjOu!h ;`< cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjhla ksrjfYaIfhkau fkd;snqkd kuz fuz
wdldrfhka cSj m@cdj fuf,dj wLKavj fuz olajd mj;skafka ke;'
cSj m@cdj fuz whqrska fuz f,dj mj;skafka Tjqkaf.a jdihg ys;lr foaY.`Ksl
rgdj;a Tjqka tlsflld flfrys olajkakdjQ ys;j;anj fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;`
fldgf.kh' fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz ksidu cSj m@cdjf.a wLKav meje;au iqrCIs; lrkakdjQ
idrOu! ixl,amhla f,ig fmkajd osh yelsh' fuz wLKav meje;au rZod mj;skafka usksid jsiska
ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSka flfrys ie,ls,su;a jk muKgh' usksid ;ud muKla usys
;,fhys isgskd tlu cSjshd fldg is;hso ta ;dla l,a ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSkaf.a meje;aug
46

17. usksidf.ka t,a, jkafka ;rAckhlauh' fuz ;;ajh usksid ;`< yg .kafka usksid oevs
wd;audrA:fhka uq<djg m;a jSu ksidh' huz fyhlska usksidg ;ud jgd oevsfldg we;s
wd;audrA:fha oevs udkisl mjqr nsZo oukafka kuz muKla tjsg Tyqg h:drA:fhys iqjZo wd>@dKh
l< yelsjkq we;' h:drA:h hkq tla tla mqoa.,hd jsiska jsjsO lreKq wrUhd jsgska jsg m<lrkq
,nk wF:!l:k fyda ;ukaf.a pska;k iSudjg muKla iSudjQjla fkdjsh hqq;`h' th uy;a mqZM,aj
iudch jsIfhys wF:! iuzmkak jk m@Z{df.dapr ksIaGdjla jsh hq;`h' fuu m@Z{d f.dapr nj
fyj;a m@{dfjys iSud udhsuz oelajSu is|= flfrkqfha m@cdkk ia:rh uZ.sks' m@cdkk w;aoelSuz
,nkakg ,nkakg fuu iSudfjys jmirsh o mqZM,a yd meyeos,s njg m;a fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh
b;du;a u fydZoska isf;ys jrAOkh jS we;s nj fuu jmirsh mqZM,a yd meyeos,s njg m;a jSug
fya;`j fjz' tmuKla o fkdj jvd;a jsjD; udkislFjhlska hqla;j ;SrKhkag t<USug yd
i;Hhg <Z.d jSug fuz uZ.ska yelshdj we;s fjz'
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd nq|=oyu
( Metta Concept & Buddhism )
nq|= oyfuys fuz ms<snZo b;du;a jeo.;a jsYaf,aIKhla ld,du iQ;@fhys jsoHudk
fjz' ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@y jkafka fuu jsjD; udkisl ugzguhs' wkqka lshk ksid (Report)"
"
mruzmrdkq.;j meusKs ksid (Trdition)" fufiajsh yelshhs wkqudk lsrSu ksid ( Prologue)"
"
iduzm@odhslj .@J:dkq.;j mej; wd nejska (Giving in the Scripture)" ;rAlhg tlZ. hehs
jegyqkq muKska (Logical Implication)" kHdhg tlZ.hehs jegyqkq muKska (Nomological
"
Implication)" fuz lreK hym;ahehs ixl,amkh lsrSu ksid (Diversification of Thought)"
" "
l,ska ;SrKhfldg nei.;a ks.ukhkag yd oDIaGSkag iudk ksid (Coincide the Aspects)"
"
wjjdo fokakd .`Kjf;l` nejska ( Potentiatity)" yd ;u .`rejrhdf.a lSula nejska
(Consultations of Preceptor)" hk lreKq oyh ( 10 ) flaJ|@.; fldgf.k jsjD;
udkislFjhlska f;drj wjspdr mQrAjl f,i l@shd lsrSu i;r n@yau jsyrKhka isf;ys jrAOkh
fkdjSug fya;`jla f,i ld,du iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS ;sfnz'27
i;r n@yau jsyrKhkays fiiq jsyrKhka jk lreKd" uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk
fiiq ufkda .;slhkag mdol jkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuz ksid jsjD; udkislFjfhka
flfkl` Tnzng h;au fu;a;d ixl,amfhka o neyer jk nj fuz wkqj ks.ukh l< yel' by;
ld,du iQ;@d.; jsjD; udkislFjh jkdyS iDcqju udkj m@cdkk lafIa;@h yd ineZ|=kd jQ
fohls' fuhska we.fjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg .ekSug yd yg .;a;d jQ fu;a;d
ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh jSug kuz Bg irs,k mrsoafoka ilia lrk,o fyda ilia lr.kakd
,o m@cdkk lafIa;@hla udkjhd ;`< ;snsh hq;`u njhs' huz flfkl` ;`< jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ
47

18. m@cdkk lafIa;@fhys m@udKhgu ta mqoa.,hd ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jSfuys wjia:djla
uska meyeos,sju fmkakquz lrhs'
fjk;a iuh jdohkays fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; huz huz m@cdkk
fCI;@hka ms<snZoj idlpzPdjk nj fmkqk o tajdfhys m@cdkk fCIa;@hkays mj;sk iSud iys;
iajNdjh bosrsfha bka mqfrdal:s; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .uzNSr;djh yd irAj iuzmQrAK Ndjh
tl iudk hehs f.k yer mEug fkdyelsh' ld,du iQ;@fhys iZoyka oi jsO m@cdkk iSudjka
;`< tu wF:! l:k rduqq.; jS we;' tu ksid bka ksIamkak jk prAhd;aul mCIh o wksjdrAh
rduq.; jSulg iSud jS ;sfnz' ksoiqkla f,i ls;`Kq iuh ;`< idrOu!hla f,i bosrsm;a jkakdjQ
fm@auh hk ixl,amh m@cdkk iajNdjh w;ska nq|=iuh ;`< idrOu!hla f,i bosrsm;a jk fu;a;d
ixl,amhg jvd iSus; rduqjl wF:!l:kh jk iajNdjhla .ekSu fmkajd osh yel'
isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jSu ldhsl jYfhka prAhduh oshqKqjla f,i
ndysrska m@ldYhg meusfKk wdldrh ld,du iQ;@fhysu uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'
m@dK>d;h" fidrlu" mrodr fiajkh" uqidjdoh yd wkHhka by; olajk ,o jeros yeisrSuzj,
kshqla; lrjSu Wfoid fm<UjSuz lsrSu hk lreKq mfika ( 5 ) je<lSu tu prAhduh oshqKqj nj
fmkajd oS we;'28 fuu prAhduh oshqKqj we;s jkafka udkisl jYfhka ksrdhdifhkau tu jeros
yeisrSuzj, we;s idjoH iajNdjh jgyd.ekSug tlS mqoa.,hdgu yelshdj ,efnkafka fu;a;d
ixl,amh ;`< wka;rA.; iuia; cSj j.!hd jsIfhys mj;akd jQ cSj ys;jdoS us;`re iajNdjh
ksidh'
prAhdjka ilia lsrSfuys,d fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@;scdkd;aul n,mEu ld,du
iQ;@fhys olakg ,efnk mxpjsO m@;smodj uZ.ska uQrA;su;a flfrA'29 tys wjika wx.h f,i olajd
;sfnkafka fm<UjSuz kHdhhs' fm<UjSuz kHdhh jQ l,S idjoH yd ksrjoH hk fohdldrfhkau
Ndjs;hg .efkhs' fu;a;d ixl,amhg m@;smCI ps;a; ixl,amhkaf.a wys;lr n,mEu ksid
fm<UjSuz kHdhh idjoH whqrska Ndjs;hg tlajk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid
fm<UjSuz kHdhh ksrjoH wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg tla fjz'30
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd fn#oaO jskh
fn#oa
( Metta Concept & Buddhist Disciplinary )
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk moku uZ.ska f,dalh ;`< ukqIH jrA.hdf.a
meje;au iZoyd olajkakd jQ Wmfhda.s;djh ( Foundation of Cognition in Metta Concept
for Utility of Human Living in the world ) ms<snZo lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ekSu fuysoS
jeo.;ah' nq|= iuh ;`< fu;a;dj ms,snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuz oS th wksjdrAhfhkau n@yauprAhdfjz
moku f,i wF:!l:h lsrSug yelsh' ixidr jsuqla;sh ,enSu tkuz ksrAjdKdjfndaOhg m;ajSu
48

19. ;u cSjs;fhys taldhk m@drA:h fldg.;a m@:u fndaOshg wh;a uq,a hq.fhys iuznq|= iiqkgjka
wh fj;ska iuQyhhdf.a meje;aug wys;lr wrAnqo we;s fkdjsks'31 ta ksidu wuq;`fjka jskh
YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhla nq|= ysushkag we;s fkdjsks'32 tu hq.fhys mej;sfha NsCIqjlf.a
iajNdjh ljrlaoehs ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuz jYfhka yd iiqkg msjsfik ieoeye;shkg iuznq|=
iiqk hkq l`ulaoehs meyeos,s lroSuz jYfhka foaYkd lrk,o ishZM nq|=jrhka jykafia,du
yqfola pdrs;@hla jYfhka Wfoik ,oaod jQ my; oelafjk wF:!j;a m@ldYkh muKs'
" ish,q wl`i,ska |=re jSu" l`i,a lsrSu yd oshqKq lsrSu" ;udf.a is; mssrsis|= lsrSu
hk fuz nq|=jrhkaf.a wkqYdikhhs' " fuuZ.ska mejfikqfha nq|=jrhdKkajykafia,d jsiska
m@cdkk yd prAhduh lafIa;@fhys,d fu;a;d ixl,amh l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkhg m;a lr.ekSu
msKsi bosrsm;a lrk ,o jev ms<sfj<hs' fuz ;`< m<uqj wkHhkayg ysxid mSvd is|= jk iajlSh
ffoksl prAhdjkaf.ka yels;dla je<lSu;a ta ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh wjYHlrk
ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh jSu;a is|= fjz' fujka iudc mrsirhla ;`< oS
jvd;a myiqfjka fu;a;d ixl,amh ish is;a i;kays jrAOkh msKsi fjr .kakd ;eke;a;dyg
;j |=rg;a lsis|= wdd.ka;`l ndOdjka rys;ju tu ixl,amh m@cdkk fjz' m@cdkkh jkakg
jkakg m@cdkk fCI;@fhys uqZM uy;a jmirshu fu;a;d ixl,amfhka msrS b;srS hkakg fjz' fuu
l@shdj<sh uqZM uy;a iudc iqrCIs;;djh flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula is|= lrkakd jQ ldrKla o
fjz'
"bjiSu fuz iiafkys mru ;mihs' nq|=jre mfia nq|=jre uy ry;ayq ksrAjdKh
fl<jr fldg we;s wkqYdikdjla u flfr;a' wkHhkag ysxid mSvd lrkakd mejsoafola fyda
Y@uKfhla fkdfjz' wkHhka fkdfm<d fkdrsojd lghq;` lsrSu Y@uK Ou!hhs' " bjiSu nq|=
iiqfkys mru ;mi f,i oelajSu uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha uqZM uy;a iuznqoaO Ydikhu
f.dvkeZ.S we;s mokuhs' fyj;a wjsysxidjhs' bjikakd jQ mqoa.,hd mru wjsysxidjdosfhls'
tfukau wkHhka jsIfhys oevs ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhlska hqla;j lghq;` lrkafkls' ksrAjdKh
olajd osfjk fn#oaO m@;smodj ;`< ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdjg yd ffu;@S pska;khg ,efnk
iqjsYd, jeo.;alu fuhska fudkjg fy<s fmfy<s fjz' tmuKla o fkdj ffu;@S mQrAjl
fpz;kdfjka hqla;j lghq;` lsrSuu iajlSh wd.usl mQcH mCIfhys mru ldrAhh jYfhkao nq|=
ysushka i,ld we;s nj fuhska fmfka' tf,i fkdlrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd Y@uKfhla fyda mejsoafola
fkdjk nj oelajSu ;`< n@dyauK yd Y@uK iuzm@odh oajs;ajh w;`frka n@yauK iuzm@odh ;`<
wjsoHudk uq;a uqZM uy;a Y@uK iuzm@odh;`<u wka;rA.;j we;s iqjsfYaIS ,CIKh jk fu;a;d
ixl,amh mdol fldgf.k iliaj we;s nj fu uZ.ska ksrEms;h'
"wkHhkag wmjdo nsKqfuys yd wkHkaf.a jeros wvqmdvq fijqfuys ksr; fkdjSu
o" m@d;sfudCI ixjrfhka hqla;j jsfjzl fikiqkays jsiqu o" fNdackfhys u;a;Z[aZC|=;djh o(
wdcSj mdrsY`oaOs YS,h yd m@;H ikaksY@s; YS,h ) " isys kqjKska hqla;j fhoS jdih flreu o"
49

20. wOsps;a;fhys tkuz f,#lsl yd f,daflda;a;r OHdk iudm;a;s ps;a;fhys jShH! flreu o" fuzjd
ish,q nq|=jrekaf.a wkqYdikh fjz'" wkHkag fodaIdfrdamKh lrkafka yd wkHhkaf.a wvqmdvq
fidhuska isgskafka is; oafjzIfhka hqla; jQ l,h' fuu oafjzIhg m@;smCI Ou!;djh kuz
ffu;@shhs' tnejska ffu;@sh isf;a we;s ;eke;a;d lsis jsfgl tjka fohlg fhduq fkdfjz' tfiau
wkHkag wmjdo keZ.Su yd wvqmdvq fijSu jkdyS ldhsl jdpisl jYfhka we;sjk prAhduh
;;ajhkah' tfiau prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhkah' fuu prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhka my<
jSug fya;` jkqfha isf;ys ffu;@S ixl,amh fkdue;s jSuhs' fuu wvqmdvqj |=re lr,Sug yels
fydZou l@shd udrA.h jkqfha yels;dla fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lrjSuhs' tjsg ta ksid uqZm
uy;a fpz;ksl mCIhu wkHhka flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amj,ska msrS b;srS hhs' tfiau fiiq
prAhduh ixialrKhka f,i oelajSug yels wdydrfhys lEor fkdjSu yd yels;dla
w,afmapzP;djfhka hqla;j jdih lsrSu jeks mqre|= mqyqKq l< hq;` yeisrSuz rgdjka uZ.ska ;j
|=rg;a iajlSh wd;au oukh f.dv kxjd .ekSug nq|=iuh uZ. fmkajkq ,nhs'
fuz Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaI foaYkdfjys yrh jkafka wysxidjdoS cSjs;hhs'
wjsysxidjdoSj cSj;ajSu ish,q nq|=jrekau miiakd ,o Y@uK Ou!h nj fuys ;yjqre lr ;sfnz'
fuhska mejfikafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska udkj wdl,am ilia lrkakg .kakd ,o jEhul
uQ,sl mokuhs' ish,q fydZo l@shd ish,q l`i, lu! mokuzj we;af;a fu;a;d pska;kh fmrgq
lrf.k nejz fuz uZ.ska ;yjqre lrkq ,nhs' fuu wkqYdikh ish,q nq|=jrekagu irAjidOdrK
wkqYdikhla nejs oelajSu uZ.ska fmkaajd oS ;sfnkafka il, jsO ffcj m@cdj flfrys fu;a;d
fpz;kdj fmrgqfldgf.k l@shdlsrSfuz n,j;a ffcj jsoHd;aul yd iudc jsoHd;aul wjYH;djh
yd tu wjYH;djfhys .enzjk jsYajidOdrKFjhhs'33 fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lrkakd ;`<
wjsysxidjdoS meje;aula ilia jk nj fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fuz wjsysxidjdoS meje;au kuz fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska we;s jkakd jQ prAhdfjz fjkihs'
YsCIdmo meKjSula fkdue;s uq,a hq.fhys ffk;sl jYfhka fkdj ksjeros
ms<sfj;g ms<smka NsCIQka fj;ska m@lg jQ ksrjoH prAhdfjz iajrEmh oS> ksldfha iS,laLJO
j.a.fha;a" ucACOsu ksldfha fndfyda iQ;@j,;a" pQ, iS, ucACOsu iS, yd uyd iS, jYfhka olakg
,efnz' fuu Ys, ms<sfj;a lsis|= wdldrhlska ffk;slj NsCIQka flfrys meKjS ;snqKq YsCIKhla
fkdj ksrdhdifhkau ksis uZ.g ms<smka NsCIQka jsiska ms,smosk ,o huz wdpdr jsoHd;aul
iuzuq;shla jYfhka f.kyer olajd ;sfnz' ta yeu jsglu thska wjOdrK lr ;sfnkqfha yqfola
iuQyhd flfrys yd iuia; ffcj m@cdj flfrysu fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq lrf.k wfkHdkH
jYfhka iyfhda.fhka l@shd lsrSu msKsi fuu wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;sh bjy,ajk yd bjy,a
fldgf.k we;s njhs' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,d ;`< mej;sfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSu ksid ksirA.fhka u prAhdfjys we;sjk hym;a njhs' fuz
iZoyd wuq;`fjka jskh jYfhka yeZoskafjk NsCIq m@;sudk moaO;shla yZ|=kajdoSfuys wjYH;djhla
nq|=ka jykafiag we;s fkdjSh' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,df.a uQ,sl wNssm@dh jQfhao fu;a;d
50

21. ixl,amh mdol fldg.;a Ou!h m@cdkkh fldgf.k tuZ.ska ish prAhdj f,djg ys; msKsi
ilia lr.ekSu jQ fyhsks' uq,a hq.fhys prAhdj ilia l< uQ,sl fuj,u njg fuz ksid m;a jQfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSuhs' tfy;a fuz ;;ajh l@ufhka fjkia fjuska jskh YsCIdmo
meKjSfuys wjYH;djh mekkeZ.Su;a iuZ.u ix>hdf.a hym; msKsi" ix>hdf.a myiqj
msKsi" |=YaYS, mqoa.,hkag ks.@y msKsi" YsCIdlduS NsCIQkaf.a myiq jsyrKh msKsi" fuf,dj
oS mej;sh yels wdY@jhka ixjrh msKsi" mrf,dj meje;aug uq,ajk wdY@jhka kid,Su msKsi"
fkdmeye|=kjqkaf.a meyeoSu msKsi" ioaOrAufhys psr meje;au msKsi" YsCIKhg wkq.@yh
msKsi hkdoS wfmaCId oyhla fmroers lrf.k Tzjdo md;sfudlaIh foaYkd lrk ,o nj
uydj.a. md,sh wkqj fmfka'34 jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhka ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS
mjd meyeos,s jkqfha iuia; NsCIq msrsfiys iuZ.sh wdrCIdjSu m@OdkFjfhys ,d i,ld we;s njhs'
iuZ.sh jkdyS fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d ixjrAOkh jQ nj ndysrj m@lg
lrkq ,nkakd jQ prAhduh ,CIKh fjz' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka mrudrA: jYfhka fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@cdkkh jSu uZ.skau wF:!j;a prAhduh fjkilg ksrdhdifhkau nZ|=ka jkakd jQ
msrsila jQ nejska tu hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg jskh kuska yeZoskafjk prAhduh kS;s
moaO;shla wd.ka;`lj meKjSfuys wjYH;djla nq|=r|=kayg we;s fkdjQ w;r mYapd;a ld,Sk
NsCIQka jykafia,d wdl,amuh jYfhka uq,a hq.fhys jsiQ NsCIqka muKg ksrAjdKdNs,dIS kqjQ
fyhska fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSu uZ.ska muKlau wjYH lrk prAhduh fjki Wka
jykafia,d ;`< we;s lrjSug wfmdfydi;a nejz oek Wkajykafia,dg ish NsCIq mrudra:h imqrd
.ekSug Wjukd lrk ;rug fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh jkakg ie,eiajSu Wfoid jskh
kdufhka jq prAhd OrAu moaO;shla o meKjSug nq|=ka jykafiag is|=jsh' jskh meKjSfuz
mrudrA:h o prAhduh YsCIKh uZ.ska m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys wfmaCIs; wjidk ksIaGdj lrd jvd
myiqfjka <Z.djSug wjldY ie,fik mrsos udkisl miq;,h fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqrska ilia
lsrSuh'
wdOHd;ausl jsuqla;sh wruqKq lr.;a m@j@cs; msrsi tlu wdpdr OrAu moaO;shlg
tlZ.;djh m<lr l@shdlrSfuz oS iuQyhdf.a jeo.;alu uekjska m@lg fjhs' mqoa., l@shdjka
iuQyhdg j.lsj hq;` hq;` mrsos is|=jk jsg iuQyhdf.a meje;au ksrjq,a fjz' fuys oS iuQyhdf.a
iu.sh;a mdrsY`oOsh;a wrA:j;a jk mrsos l@shdlsrSu m@d;sfudlaI YsCIdjka fyj;a wdKd
m@d;sfudlaIh meKjSfuz uQ,sl wfmaCIdj jS ;sfnz'35 ix>hd hkqfjka oelafjk iuQyhd w;r
iduQysl pska;kh Tma kxfjk mrsos Tjqkaf.a pska;kh;a yeisrSuz rgdj;a ilia lr.ekSu fuys
uQ,sl wNsm@dhhs' fuu wfmaCIdj uqZMukskau fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers lrf.k f.dv kexjS ;sfnz'
wfkHdkH iyfhda.h f.dvkexjSfuz oS Tjqka tlsfkld w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh mej;Su
wksjdrAhh idOlhla jk nejsks' fuz woyi jvd;a ;yjqre jkafka ix> lu! meje;ajSfuz oS tys
uQ,sl wjYH;djhla f,i Ou!dkQl~,Ndjh;a" ix> msrsfia iu.sh;a wfmaCId lr we;s nejsks' fuu
ix> lu! Wmiuzmod jskh lu!" lGskh mejrSu" mrsjdi udk;a wnzNdk jskh lu!" mgsidrKSh
jskh lu!" ;cAckSh lu!" ksiaih lu!" mnzndckSh lu!" WlafLzmkSh lu! wdoS jYfhka
51

22. iduQysl.; ix> cSjs;h mqrd iEu wjia:djloSu mdfya Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' fuh ix>hd jsiskau
ix>hdf.a mrsmd,kh l@shd;aul lrjkakd jQ l@uhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldg f.ku
fuu ix> lu! meje;ajSu fuys uQ,sl ,CIKhhs' iuZ.sh fu;a;d ixl,amh ix> msrsfiys mj;sk
njg meyeos,s YdCIshls' msrsi w;r iuZ.sh ;yjqre lsrSu msKsi fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgq
lrf.k mj;ajkakd jQ uQ,sl m@fNao i;rska hq;` ix> lu!hka f,i wOdrAusl jQ" msrsi fNao jk
lu! uska woyia flfrhs' tjka jskh lu! fkd l< h;`h" fuz wOdrAusl iu.s lu!hhs' iuZ.shg
ndOd ke;;a wOdrAusl nejska tajd o wkqu; fkd flfrA" fuz OdrAusl tfy;a msrsi fNao jk
lu!hhs' msrsfia iuZ.sh ke;s lrk nejska o wkqu; fkd flfrA"fuz OdrAusl jQ iuZ.s lu!hhs' fuh
wkqu;h' iiqkg iq|=iqh' hk j.! i;r nq|=ysushka jsiska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'36 fuu m@fNao
i;rska OdrAuslnj yd iuZ.sh hk folu iys; jQ muKla u nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska fhda.H
f,i wkqu; lr we;af;a OdrAusl nj yd iuZ.sh hk folu tl iudk f,i wka;rA.; jkqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh mokuz lr.kakd jsg oS muKla jk fyhsks' wkHhka flfrys iyfhda.Snj yd
wkHkaf.a ys;iqj m;k nj keue;s OdrAusl wfmaCId my< jkqfha ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj Tiafia
muKla nejsks' fuu ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj fkdue;s ;ek iuZ.sh fyda wkHhka flfrys ys;iqj
m;k pska;khla we;s jkafka ke;' wdKd md;sfudlaLh jqjo" Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh jqjo fuz
foflkau woyia flfrkqfha nq|=iufhka ksrAosYaG flrS we;s mru ksIaGdj jk ksrAjdKh
YdlaId;a lr .ekSu iZoyd wjYH lrk ldhsl udkisl jgdmsgdjla f.dvkZ.d .ekSuhs' fuu
ksrAjdKh YdlaId;a lr .ekSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS tu l@ufjzoh wkq.ukh lrkakd lsishuz wdpdr
jsoHd;aul YsCIKhlg wkq.;j ;u wej;`uz ilia lr.ekSula wfmaCId lrkq ,nhs' fuu
wej;`uz mej;`uz lsishuz ksrAfoaYs; jsOsl@uhlg wkq.;j ilia lr.ekSu Ydik n@yau prAhdj
f,i wF:! olajkq ,efnz'37
Ydik n@yau prAhdfjys uQ,sl w;a;sjdru f,i ms<s.ekS we;af;a OdrAusl jQ"
iduQysl osjs fmfj; nj meyeos,s lreKls' fuu iduQysl osjs fmfj; ksid ish,q .egquz wrAnqo
j,g uq,ajk ;rZ.ldrS cSjk rgdfjka fuu iiqka uZ.g ms<smka mqoa.,hdj uqojd Tyq ;`<
iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKhla f.dvkeZ.Sug wjYHlrk miqnsu ilia lrfokq ,nhs'
OdrAuslFjh;a" iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKh;a mqo.,hd ;`< cks; lrkq ,nkafka ;u ix>
iudch ;`< fjfik wksl`;a idudcslhka ms<snZo ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhkah' NsCIq osjs fmfjf;ys
uQ,sldx. fu;a;d ixl,amh mdollr f.k ilia jS ;sfnz' wdKd md;sfudlaLh uZ.ska fuu ffu;@S
mQrAjl wdl,amhka jv jvd;a jHdma; jSug iq|=iq jkakd jQ wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;shla yZ|=kajd
fokq ,nk w;r Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh ;ud ;`, fkdue;s ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhka we;s lr.ekSug
iq|=iq ldhsl yd jdpisl mrsirhla ksrAudKh lrfokq ,nhs' fuz wkqj Ydik n@yauprAhfha
moku f,i wmg fu;a;d ixl,amh yZ|=kajd osh yelsh' 38
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ouzumoh
ixl,a
52

23. ( Metta Concept & Dhammapada )
Ouzumofhka ms<snsUq jk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh uZ.ska fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys jsjsO iajrEmhka ms<snZoj lreKq jgyd .ekSug wjldY ie,fia' Lqoaol ksldhg
wh;a Ouzumofhys fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj b;d mqZM,a jsjrKhka oel.; yel' hul
j.a.fhys ffjr fkdlsrSfuz wkqiia oelafjk my; iZoyka .d:dj uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh jHma; lr;a lr;au tys wka;rA.; udkj ys;jdoS .`Kh o ;`,ska wkHhkaf.a
is;a ksjS iekiSug m;a jk wdldrhhs'
ffjr lrkakdg ffjr fkdlsrSfuka u ffjrhka ixisZoSug m;a fjz' fuh yeuod
f,dj mj;akd jQ Ou!;djhls' fuuZ.ska fy,s fmfy<s jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s
Wmfhda.s;d .`Khhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh jSu ksid is;g wkdosu;a ld,hla uqZM,af,a
m@cdkkh jS ;snqKq fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkays n,mEu l@u l@ufhka bj;a jS hEu;a tu bj;a
jSu fya;`fldg f.k isf;ys m@NdIajrh wjqrdf.k isgs kSjrK Ou!hkaf.a myj hdu;a kSjrK
Ou!hka myjSu ksid;a laf,aY fkdls,sgsjqkq m@NdIajr is; ixZoSug m;a jk wdldrh;a by;
uekjska olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys m@cdkkh jS ;snqKq huz huz fodaI iy.;
m@cdkk ixl,amhka bj;a lsrSug hdug m@:u ;uka iajlSh isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh
uZ.ska frdamKh fldgf.k issgsh hq;` nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nhs' 39
uefrk nj fkdokafkda l,y lr;s' uefrk nj okakjqkaf.a l,yh ikaisfZo;s'
fuys iZoyka uefrk iajNdjh kuz wks;H iajNdjhhs' fyj;a CIKsl urKhhs' fuz cSj;ajk fia
fmfkk wm fudfyd;la fudfyd;la mdid urKhg m;a jk nj ie,lSu uZ.ska wkqka yd ;uka
fjka lrf.k wkHhka flfia cSj;ajqj;a ;uka muKla iqjfia cSj;ajSug is;k oevs
wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj |=re lr yerSu fuhska woyia jS ;sfnz' ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mjd wksh;
iajNdjfha mj;soaoS wkHhka wruqKq fldg oafjzIh my< fkdfjz' oafjzIh we;s jkqfha ish
cSjs;fhys h:d iajNdjh wdjrKh fldgf.k ne,Sug yd oelSug mqre|= mqyqKq jSu ksidh'
wks;H nj is;;a is;;au l@u l@ufhka isf;ys we;a;d jQ oafjzIh myj hhs' fuz ksid fu;a;d
ixl,amh jevSug b;du myiqu l@uh ish cSjs;fhys wks;H iajNdjh ksrka;rfhkau mqre|=
40
mqyqKq lsrSuhs'
neKSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz hk ldhsl yd jdpisl fodaIhka m@cdkkh
jSu;a" tlS m@cdkkh prAhdjg mjd n,mEuz lrk ;;ajhl mej;Su;a ksid ffjrh fkdikaisfZoa'
is; ;`< fodaI iy.; ixl,amhka m@cdkkh jS we;s l, tu fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a
fufyhjSu ksid ldhsl jYfhka yd jdpisl jYfhka fkdfhla wlghq;`luz mqoa.,fhl` fj;ska
is|= fjz' kuq;a tu wlghq;`luz tu mqoa.,hdf.a ksirA. iajNdjh fkdfjz' iEu mqoa.,fhl`f.au
53

24. ksirA. iajNdjh kuz hym; njhs' tu ksirA. jQ hym;a iajNdjh wjqrd oukqfha wd.ka;`lj
is;g m@cdkkh jk fodaI iy.; ixl,amhhs' fuu iajNdjh wjfndaO lr fkd.ekSu ;j ;j;a
fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a m@cdkkhg fya;` idOlhla jk w;r th ukdj oek yeZosk
41
wjfndaO lr .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkkhg fya;` idOlhla fjz'
fkdfhl`;a wdldrfha ldhsl yd jdpisl ysxidjka ms<snZo we;slr .kakd ,o
fldamh isf;ys fkd neZoS l, is; b;du;a blaukska ixisfZoa' fuhska isf;ys m@cdkk l@shdj<sfhys
;j;a tla me;slvla jsia;r flfrhs' is;a fkdikaiqka njg m;a lrjSug m@Odk jYfhka fya;`
jkqfha isf;ys we;s fldamh nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nk w;r tu fldamh fkdue;af;a jS kuz
fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrk ,oafoa jS kuz ta fya;`j ksid is; jvd;a
myiqfjka ixisZoSug m;a jk nj fmkajd foa' fjk;a wfhl` jsiska lrk ,o prAhduh jeros tkuz
nekSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz jeks ldhsl yd jdpisl wvqmdvqluz fya;`fldg f.k tuZ.ska
iajlSh ps;a; ika;dkh wmjs;@ jSug fya;`jk oafjzI ixl,amh m@cdkkh jSug bv m@ia;jla
fkd;nd ta mqoa.,hd foi jqj o yq|= wkqluzmdfjka n,kakg ;ruz fu;a;d ixl,amh is;fys
fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrf.k isgsk ;eke;a;dg ta fya;`j ksid jvd;a fydZoska ish is; ixisZofjk
nj fuhska meyeos,s fldg fmkajd os we;'42
wkqkaf.a rZM mrZM nia l< fkdl< foa .ek fufkys fkd fldg ish lghq;`
muKla i,ld ne,sh hq;`h' wkHkaf.a oafjzI ixl,am m@cdkkh fya;`fjka yg .;a;d jQ
prAhduh wvqmdvq jk jdpisl yd ldhsl jeros flfrys mjd WfmaCId iy.; is;ska i,ld ne,sh
yels muKg ish is;a i;kays fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh ;`<ska we;slr th ukdj /l hq;` nj
fuhska m@ldYs;h' tu l@shdudrA.hg flfkl` m<uqfldgu wj;SrAK jSug kuz ;uka ;`< yg
.kakd jQ prAhjka yslaujd .; hq;` w;r tf,i yslujd .;af;l`yg wk;`rej udkisl
wxYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska m@.`K l< yelsh'43
if;di jefvk fohla lsrSu iem;g fya;`jk nejska b;d hym;a jkafkah'
if;di hkq i;`ghs' i;`g we;s jkafka wkHhka jsIfhys ys;j;a iajNdjh we;s lr .eksu uZ.sks'
fuysoS ;udf.a i;`g fukau wkHhkaf.a i;`g o jeo.;a fia i,ld we;' yqfola ;ukaf.a i;`g
muKla i,lk mqoa.,hd ,nkqfha kshu i;`g fkjk nj nq|=iuh ;`< meyeos,s lroS we;'
i;`gla kshu i;`gla jSug kuz th wkHhkaf.a is; iqj msKsi fya;`jsh hq;` nj fuys oS jeo.;a
f,i wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k ldhsl yd jdpisl jYfhka
wkHkaf.a hym; fjkq fjka lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhduh jYfhka ksrjoH i;`g ,nk
udrA.h fy<s fmfy<s lr .kshs' tfukau ta fya;`j ksidu u;`jg fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh
jSug wjldYh o i,id .kafkl` njg m;a fjz'44
54

25. rd.fhka fkdf;;a jQ lsmSfuka oevs fkdjQ is;a we;s mska mjz |=r,Q fudaCIhg m;a
jQ mqoa.,hdg ( ry;kajykafiag ) flf,ia nsh ke;' fuysoS rd.h f;;a iajNdjhla f,i i,ld
we;af;a ta fya;`j ksid is; kshudldrfhka lrAuKH jSug ndOd we;s lrjk nejsks' huzlsis
fohla f;;a iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsg th l@shd;aul jSug ndOd we;s lrjhs' tfiau wOsl jsh<s
fyda oevs iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsgo l@shd;aul fkdfjz' oevs nj fuysoS olajd we;af;a lsmSu
jYfhks' fujeks ;;ajhka we;s jkqfha rd. yd oafjzI ksid nj meyeos,sh' tu ixfpzz;kd folu
yg.kqfha uki ,nkakd jQ wruqK jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksidh' wruqfKys h:d iajNdjh
oelsug kuz tf,i oelSug ;ruz fudark ,o kqjKlska wruqKq foi ne,sh hq;` fjz' hful` ;`<
tnZ|+ kqjKla my< fjkafka wrAy;a udrA. M,hg ta mqoa.,hd m;a jSu ;`<skau muKs' oekqu
W.;alu ;`<ska ,nk Z{dKh ;djld,sl wia:sr jQjls' tfiau th m@;HCI wjfndaOhla o fkdfjz'
;uka leu;s wruqK ms<snZo we,au yg .ekSu ksid rd.h o wlue;s wruqK ms<snZo fkdukdmh
ksid oafjzIh o my< lr.kshs' huzl,l oafjzIh fkdfjz kuz tl, rd.h o fkdue;' rd.h yd
oafjzIh tla;rd wdldrhl wka; folls' tfiau tajd tlu ldisfhys fome;a; nZ|=h' fu;a;d
ixl,amh wkqj ish ldhsl yd jdpisl ixjrh we;s lr.kakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhduh jYfhka
,nk YsCIKh Ndjs; lruska ;j |=rg;a m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys ixjrh n,dfmdfrd;a;` fjz'
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh jSu ksid ;j |=rg;a udkisl wxYfhka ,nk by<u ;;ajh
wrAy;aM,h jYfhka oelajsh yelsh'45
oeuqKq bZ|=rka we;s myl<d jQ udkh we;s flf<ia rys; jQ uOHia: mej;`uz we;s
WfmaCId iy.; mqoa.,hkaf.a ( ry;kajykafiaf.a ) orAYkh fojsjre mjd m@drA:kh lr;s'
;ukaf.a prAhd rgdjka ;ukag md,kh lr.; yels ugzgul mej;Su oeuqKq nj kuz fjz' tfia
md,kh lr.ekSu ;ukaf.a fukau wkHkaf.a o is; iqj msKsi mj;shs' fuf,i l@shd lrkakd jQ
mqoa.,hd ta wdldrfhka ls@hd lrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys fufyhjSu fya;`fjks' wkHhka o
;uka yd iudkj i,ld n,d l@shd lrk mqoa.,hd ;`< ish,a,kaf.au hym; ie,eiajSu msKsi
we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'46 fu;a; iQ;@h ( lrKSh fu;a; iq;a; ) jkdyS ish OHdk
Ndjkdjg ndOd l<d jQ fojsjrekg jodrk f,i kshu fldg ieje;a kqjr wi, jk fmfoil
jsorAYkd Ndjkd lu!ia:dk jevQ mkaiShhla NsCIQka jykafia,d msrsilg foaYkd l< iQ;@
foaYkdjls' my; oelafjk fuz msrs;a iQ;@h nq|=r|=ka fj;ska Wf.k osjd rd;@S icACOdhkd fldg ta
fojs msrsif.a us;`re is; o ,nd ish lu!ia:dkhka iu!mQrAK fldg f.k wrAy;ajhg m;ajQy'47
lrKSh fu;a;d iQq;@fhys uq,skau iZoyka jkqfha fuu msrs; ks;s ms<smeo
icACOdhkd fldg ,nd.; yels wdksixYh ms<snZojh' m@Odk jYfhka ;ukaf.a ldhsl yd
udkisl iqjh;a w;sfrAl jYfhka wukqIH nsh |=re lsrSu;a fuhska is|= jk nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz'
fujeks .`Khka iskd th osjd rd;@S Ndjs;d lsrSu ;`<ska mqoa.,hdf.a is; msrsis|= jS kmqre nsh
48
ckl isysk fmkSu |=re lr iqj kskaola ,nd .; yelsh' luzue,s ke;s lSlre wjxl uD|=
ksy;udks ldreKsl mqoa.,fhl` jSu ksrAjdKh ,en .ekSfuys jSrAh jvkakd i;`j ;snsh hq;`jQ
55

26. m@Odku ,CIKhhs'49 ksrka;rfhka i;`gq is;ska hq;`j ld,h f.jk wkHhkayg nrla fkdjk
m@ikak fmkqula iys; Z{dKjka; msrsfiys fkdwe,qKq udk rys; jQ ieye,a,q .;s mej;`uz we;s
mqoa.,fhl` o fjz'50 m@Z{djka;hska jsiska fodia jYfhka i,lk foa j,ska je<l`Kq mqoa.,fhl`
fjz'51 ish,q iFjfhda nsh rys; nfjka hqla; j iqjm;a jQ is;ska ld,h .; lrkq ,efnzjd'52 iEu
;eklu jdih lrk tla YrSr m@udKj,ska hqla; jQ flf,ia we;s yd ke;s cSjSka ish,a,u53
fmfkk fkdfmfkk <Z. yd |=r jik bmoSug wdikakj isgsk ish,q cSjSka ks|=la
fjzjd'54mqoa.,fhl` jsiska ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`yg jxpdjka wjuka |=la mSvd we;s fkdflfrAjd'55 uj
56
ish tlu mq;` rlakdla fuka ish,q iFjhska fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrkak' ;uka o
wkHhka o hk ish,q wdldrfha iSudjka |=relruska wkHhkayg o ;ukag mrsoafoka fu;a;d
ixl,amh jHdma; l< hq;`h'57 iEu brshjzjloSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoju isysfhka isgskak'
nU jsyrKh hkq fujeks msrsis|= mej;`uls'58 lsisod oDIags.;slfhla fkdjS iS,fhka yd hym;a
oelafuka hqla;j ldu ixZ{dfjys ksrAfjzohg meusK fuf,dj fkdWmoskafkah'59
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd i;r n@yau jsyrK
( Metta Cocept & Four Nobile Life )
n@yau jsydrhla f,i o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys w.h nq|= iuh ;`< m@Ndjs;h'
nq|=rcdKkajykafia wh;a jkafkao Y@uK iuzm@odhghs. nq|=rcdKkajykafia bosrsm;a l< fu;a;d
ixl,amh fuf;la tu m@ia;`;h ms<snZoj bosrsm;alrkq ,enqjd jQ w;sYh mqZM,au yd wx.iuzmQrAK
u wd.usl yd odrAYksl ixl,amh f,i oelajsh yel' fuz wkqj nq|=rcdKkajykafia fu;a;d
ixl,amh isjq nU jsyrKj,g wka;rA.; fldg b;d mqZM,a wrA:fhka hqla;j foaYkd l<y.
isjq nU jsyrKj,g wh;a b.ekajSuzjkqfha fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d yd WfmalaLd
hk ixl,am i;rhs' fuys fu;a;d hkafkka woyiajkqfha ffu;@shhs' us;@Fjhhs ishZM iFjhka
jsIfhys ys; iqj ie,iSfuz we;s jk leue;a;hs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ffjrhg yd fl@daOhg
m@;sjsreoaO iajNdfhka m@cdkkh flfrkakd jQ ps;a; ixl,amhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid is;
ksjSug yd iekiSug m;ajk nj oyfuys iZoyka fjz' fuys iZoyka iafkayh kuz is; uD|= yd
lu!KH iajNdjh muqKqjk ,sys,a njhs' fuu ,sys,a nj ufkda ldhsl ikaiqka iqjodhs njla
ckkh jkdldrfhka is;g m@S;suh fuda|=jSuhs' il,jsO ffcj m@cdj jsIfhys yg.kakd rECI
iajNdjh |=re lrkqfha thg m@;smCI m@cdkkh jk uD|= iy.; ,sys,a nj kuz iafkayh njhs'
fuys iafkayh kuz yqfola is;g wd;;sh we;s lrjk ;DIaKdj fkdfjz' ;DIaKdj yg.kajkafka
ksis wdldrfhka wruqK .@yKh lr.ekSug wiu;ajSu fya;`fjka tlS wruqKqfKys h:d
iajNdjh fkdyeZosk yqfola fjhsos; mCIfhka muKla thg weZMuz lrkakg hdu ksid ixl,am
m@cdkkhg ndOdldrS ;;ajhla Wodfjz' fudayh f,i yeZoskafjkafka ixl,am m@cdkkh flfrys
ndOdldrS f,i l@shd;aul lrkq ,nk iajlSh pska;k iajNdjhhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh
56

27. ksishdldrfhka ixcdkkh fkdjSu fuday mQj!dx.u jSu kuska yeZoskafjz' fudaymQj!x.u ps;a;
ixl,amhka m@cdkk jkqfha f,daN iajrEmfhks' fuys kshu iajNdjh jsoHduk flfrkqfha m@Z{dj
uQ,sl fldgf.k wkHhka wruqKq lr f.k my<jk jsgh' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS woafjzI
iajrEmfhka jsoHdudks; yd tfukau wf,daN iuzm@hqla; ps;a; ixl,amhls'
fu;a;d ixl,amh us;@Fjh jYfhka f.k o ie,lsh yelsh' uska us;@ nj yd us;@
.`Kh i,ld we;' ffu;@sfhys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys ys;j;a ,CIKfhka hqla;j
meje;auh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh kuz i;aFjhka flfrys ys;iqj m@drA:kd lsrSuh'
tys mpzpqmgzGdkh kuz ffjr ixl,amhka is;ska |=re lsrSuh' mogzGdkh f,dj jikakd jQ ishZM
wdldrfha ffcj jrA.hd jsIfhys leu;s iajrEmh oelajSuh' iuzm;a;sh jHdmdo ixisZojSu jk
w;r jsm;a;sh fuday iajrEmfhka jQ iafkay bmsojSuhs' fuday iajrEmfhka fkdjQ iafkayh
fodaIfhka f;drh' fu;a;d ixl,amh iuZ.u Ndjs;d jk wfkla ixl,amh lreKdjhs' lreKdj
jsia;r flfrkqfha i;a mqreIhska jsiska wkHhkaf.a |=l oel tu |=l ;ud m;a |=lla f,i i,ld
bka ish yoj; wkHhkag msysg jSfuz fpz;kdfjka mqrjd .ekSfuz fp;kdj fyj;a ixl,amh
f,ihs' wkHhkaf.a |=flys is;a thska luzmdjg m;a jkafka o lreKdj ksiduh' fuys iZoyka jk
luzmkh kuz wkHhkaf.a |=lanr iajNdjh wruqKq fldg is;ays my< lr.kakd ixfjzoSFjhhs'
fuu ldreksl iajNdjh mqoa., fNaoh wkqj mqZM,a iajNdjhla .kshs' OHdk ugzgfuzoS iEu
mqoa.,fhl`u ish is;a i;kays we;s lr.;a;d jQ uQ,sl lreKd ixl,amh me;srjSu jYfhka mqZM,a
l< hq;`h' lreKdj |=laLs;hka flfrys me;srjSuz jYfhka jHdma; l<hq;` nj o iZoyka fjz'60
lreKd hk ps;a; ixl,amh ;j;a fndfyda wdldrhlska o oelajsh yelsh'
idudkH mqoa.,fhl` ;`< we;s jkakd jQ lreKdjg jvd fndaOs iuzNdrhka mQrKh lrkq ,nkakd
jQ fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia kul ;`< yg .kakd lreKdj uy;ah' fndaOsiFjjrfhl` ;`<
we;a;d jQ lreKdjg jvd iuzud iuznq|=jrhdKka jykafiakul ;`< we;a;d jQ lreKdfjz
iajrEmh w;s uy;ah' th uyd lreKd hkqfjka oelafjkafka tfyhsks' lreKd hkafkka woyia
jkqfha |=%Ls; iFjhka |=gqjsg Tjqka flfrA my<jk yDo luzmkh nj by; iZoyka idudkH
jsia;rh wkqj meyeos,s fjz' Tjqka tu |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka huzlsis i;amqreIfhl`f.a
is;ays |=lg m;a f,dal iFjhd wruqKqfldg my<jk lreKdju tys mrsmQrAK wjia:dj f,i
ie,fla' uyd lreKd iudm;a;s Z{dKh jYfhka yeZoskafjkafka iuzud iuznq|=rcdKkajykafia,d
;`< my<jk lreKdfjz tu mrsmQrAKdjia:djhs. tu ksid Wkajykafia,d yeZoskajSu iZoyd
mrAhdh jpkhla f,i lreKdj hk mohu fhdod f.k nq|=jre yeZoskajSu iZoyd uyd
ldreKslhka jykafia,d hk fh|=u Ndjs;d lrkq ,efnz.
lreKdfjys ,CIKh |=laLs; iFjhkaf.a |=la |=re lrk wdldrfhka meje;auhs'
fufia is;Suz ud;@ jYfhka ishZM f,dal jdiS iFjhkaf.a ishZM |=la |=re jqjo fkdjqj o th fuu
ixl,am m@cdkkhg ndOdldrS fkdfjz' m@Odk jYfhka wm fuys oS wruqKq lr.kakd tys rih
57

28. kuska yeZoskafjk lreK kuz furud |=la fkd bjiSuh' tys mpzpqmgzGdkh f,i oelafjkafka
wjsysxidjh' tfukau tys mogzGdkh |=lska fmZMKjqkaf.a wirK nj oelauhs' ta fya;`j ksidu
wirKhka |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka ps;a; ixl,amhka yg.kshs' lreKd ixl,amfhys
iuzm;a;sh jYfhka oelafjkqfha jsysxid ixisZojSuhs' lreKd ixl,amh m@cdkkh flf,ilj;a
jsm;a we;s fkdlrjhs' fudyuQ,sl jYfhka wruqKq jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksid bka we;s jk
jsm;a;s jYfhka lreKdjg wruKq jQ |=laLs; iFjhka iqjm;a lsrSuz jYfhka Tjqkayg
m@udKhg jvd weZMuz lsrSu wka;rdhldrS jkafka huz fyhlska fuu m@cdkkh fuday uQ,sl
jqjfyd;a bka bmfok fifkyi ksid we,Suz neZoSuz yg .ekajSfuz bv m@ia;djkdj we;s ksidh'
funZ|= fifkyila we;s ;eke;a;d ;`< wkHhka ksid weZMuzlr jQ iskd yg.ekSu we,Suz neZoSuz we;s
jQ njg ,l`Kla jYfhka fmkajd oS ;sfnz'
uqos;dfjys iajNdjh iajNdjh i;`gg m;ajSuhs' huzlsis wruqKla ms<snZoj is;g
we;sjkakd jQ i;`g fudaokh hkqfjka yeZoskafjz' huzlsis wruqKla m@cdkkh fldg bka ;uka
i;`gg m;ajSu uqos;dj kuska yeZoskafjk w;r tlS i;`gq jSfuz iajNdjh o uqos;dj kuska jHjydr
lrkq ,nhs' m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d bgq lrkq ,nkakd jQ ldrAhh wruqKq fldg th lrK ldrl
ldrAhfhys wF:! oelafjk f,i fyda" tu ixl,amh tu bgq lrkq ,nk ldrAhhg wOsm;s jYfhka
i,ld l;!D ldrl ldrAhfhys wF:! oelafjk f,i fyda" ta folskau jHx.drA:j;a jk Ndjuh
iajNdjh i,ld Ndj ldrl ldrAhfhys wF:! oelafjk f,i fyda uqos;dj jsia;r lsrSug yelsh'
uqos;dj iqLs; iFjhka wruqKqfldg isf;ys my<fjhs' fuh BrAIHdjg m@;smCI OrAuhhs' idrOu!
ixl,amhla jYfhka .;al< fuys fndfyda fldgu olakg ,efnkakdjQ idrOu! ixl,amhkays
me;slv kuz wdfjzok me;slvhs' fuu wdfjzokh m@fudaokh is; by<g bmsf<k iajNdjh
wruqKq fldg mj;shs' fuhg wruqK f,i .kakd iqLs; iFj wruqKo isf;ys m@fudao iajNdjh
;Sj@r lrjkakg Wmldrj;a jkakls' uqos;dfjys ,CIKh m@fudaoh fyj;a wkHhkaf.a iem
iuzm;a wruqKqfldg i;`gqjSuh' rih BrAIHdfjka je<lSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh kuz mr iuzm;a
wOsl`Y,Ou!" fjfyr jsydr hk fuys fkdwef,k iajNdjh ke;s lsrSuh' m@cdkk me;slv kuz
i;aFjhkaf.a iuzm;a;s oelauh' iuzm;a;sh fkdwe,au ixisZojd,Suh' jsm;a;sh neZoSuz jYfhka
yg.kakd isf;ys i;`g we;sjSuhs'
WfmalaLd hkak wffjr fj;ajd hkdoS jHdmdo |=re lsrSfuka o" uOHia:Ndjhg
meusKSfuka o w;am;a lr.; yelsh'61 WfmaCId hkafkka woyiajkqfha iFjhka jsiska jsZoskq ,nk
|=laiem ish,a,lau Tjqkaf.a lu!dkqrEmj meusfKk nj ie,lSfuka lu!h ;u;uka wh;a fldg
we;s nj fufkys lsrSfuka isf;ys we;slr.kakdjQ uOHia:;djhhs' fyj;a ueoy;a Ndjhhs'
WfmaCIdj uZ.ska ueoy;a wdfjzokhka weiqre fldg isf;ys we;sjkakd jQ ps;a; .;s iajNdjhka o
fndfyda fldg u ikaisZ|=kq iajNdjhka fmkajhs' tfukau wdfjzok me;slfvys jshqla;;d .`Kh o
we;' jshqla; nj hkq ixhqla; njska fjka jSuhs' fyj;a ps;a; mdCIsl nj wOsl fldg we;' i;r
n@yau jsyrKu jshqla; idrOu! ixl,am jqj o fuu WfmaCId wdfjzokfhys jshqla;;d .`Kh fiiq
58

29. wdfjzohkag jvd wOsl;rh' WfmaCIdfjys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: wdldrfhka
meje;auh' rih m@shd oS fNao we;s i;aFjhka flfrys iu;;ajfhka we;sjSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh
;ry yg.ekSu ixisZojSuhs' m@cdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjfhda lu!h wkqju Wia my;a nj Wreu
lr.;af;a hehs kqjKska ie,lSuhs' m@fhdackh kuz ;ry we;sjSu ixisZojSuh' jsm;a;sh neZoSu ksid
yg.kakd jQ we,afuka cks; jQ wZ{dk jQ WfmaCIdj yg.ekSuhs' WfmaCId iy.; fudayh
wZ{dfkdafmCId kuz fjz'
i;r n@yau jsyrKhkag wh;a fuz ixl,am i;frys uQ<sl iudkluz fukau
jsfYaI;do olakg ,efnz. iudklu jkqfha fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka jsIfhys
me;srjsh hq;` njhs' taksid jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys fuu ixl,am i;rg wmamuZ[aZ[d hehs jHjydr
lrkq ,efnz.fuu ixl,am i;rg n@yaujsyrK hehs lshkq ,nkafka uyd n@yauhd <Z. fuz .`K
we;ehs ie<flk nejsks. tnejska f,daljdiSyq Tyqg f.#rj lr;s. fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d
WfmalaLd hk i;rska tla tla lreKska iuzmQrAKj jsiqfha kuz th n@yau jsyrKhg iudk
jkafkah' th W;`uz jsyrKhla nejska n@yau jsydr hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz.
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ndjkdj
( Metta Cincept & Meditation )
jsoY!kd iqLh yd Nj iuzm;a;sh fuz i;r n@yaujsydrhka jrAOkh lsrSu ksid
fmd|=fjz ysusjk jrm@idohhs' jHdmdofhka is; uqojd .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iqjsfYaIS
iajNdjhs' lreKdfjys iqjsfYaIs iajNdjh jsysxidfjka usoSuhs' uqos;dfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh kuz
wr;sh kuska yeZoskafjk fkdmej;Su ms,snZoj yg.efkk wdYdj is;ska bj;a lr .ekSuhs'
WfmaCIdfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh jkqfha fkdmeje;au uq,lr .;a rd.fhka ( tla;rd |=rlg fuys
WpzfPAo iajrEmhla wka;rA.; fjz' ) bj;a jSuhs' 62
fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka jsIfhys me;srjsh hq;` ksid;a ixl,am
i;rgu mdol jkqfha ffu;@s iy.; fpz;kdj jk ksid;a fuz lreKq i<ld fuz ixl,am
i;frysu flaJ|@Sh wdl,amh jkqfha fu;a iy.; fpz;kdj hehs fmd|= tlZ.Fjhlg meusKsh
yel' tfia kuq;a ta ixl,am i;frys jsIh uQ<sl jsjsO;d olakg we;;a fuu ixl,am ish,a,gu
mdol jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid tu ixl,amh wdruzNlj jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdf.a uki
fiiq ixl,amj,g m@cdkk wdOdrlhla imhhs' tu ixl,amh m@cdkkh jSu fya;`fjka mqoa.,
uki fiiq ixl,amhkao yg.ekSug iq|=iq ;;ajhg yev .iajkq ,nhs' fud<fhys ridhksl yd
cSjjsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ikaksfjzokhkag m@;scdkkd;aul Wmia:uzNkhka imhdfohs'
59

30. i;r n@yau jsyrK w;`frka tla tla n@yau jsydrKhg wdikak i;`rdh" |=r
i;`rd hehs i;`frda fofofkls' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl``yg wdikakfhys yeisfrk i;`rd fuka ffu;@S
n@yau jsyrKhg rd.h wdikak i;`rdh' ffu;@sh yd rd.h .`K oelafuys ,d iudk nejsks' ta
rd. i;`rd iaj,am jQo isys uq<dfjlska ffu;@sh |=re fldg ta wruqK .kakg ksis nejska Tyqf.ka
is; ukd fldg /l .; hq;`hs' rd. ixl,amfhys ndysr iajrEmh jk wruqfKys m@idoh
yg.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhyso olakg ;sfnz' rd. ixl,amh ksrAfjzoh lrd hk hful`f.a
m@;smodfjys fjz.h ukao.duS lrk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh tu .uk fjz.j;a lrhs'
ksrdhdifhkau fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd rd. ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSfuz cSj jsoHd;aul
iuzNdjs;djla usksid we;`ZM ish,qu cSjSka Wreu lrf.k isgshs' fuz fya;`j ksid m@cdkkuh
jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq lrkakd fuhska uy;a wmyiqjlg ,la fjz'
jHdmdohg nshm;a fkdjS fu;a;d ixl,amh jv jvd;a m@cdkkh l< hq;`h'
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lrk w;r;`r tljsgl oS fl@daOh jrAOkh lrkafkah hk fuz fol
lsis jsgl oS j;a tljsg is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkk lsrSu ksid is; rZM
lrk jHdmdo ixl,amh is;g fkdmsjsfia' prAhduh jYfhka ndysrj m@ldY jk muKg fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@cdkkh jS ;snSu fuysoS wfmaCIs; ksIaGdj fia ie,fla' lreKd n@yau jsyrKhg mSvd
iys; foduzki wdikak i;`rdh' jsm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk nejsks' jsysxidj |+r i;`rdh'
lreKdj yd jsysxidj iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' ta fyhska jsysxidfhka nshg m;a fkdjS
63
lreKd jevsh hq;`h'
uqos;d n@yau jsyrKhg we,Suz iys; fiduzki wdikak i;`rdh' we,Suz iys;
fiduzki hkq m@sh ukdm wruqKq ,en ta flfrys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,au yd fmr ,enqjd jQ m@sh
ukdm wruqKq ms<snZoj jrA;udkfhys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,auhs' iuzm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk
nejsks' fkdwe,au |=r i;`rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska ta fkdwe,afuka nsh fkdjS
uqos;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh l< hq;`h' uqos;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh j;a j;au is; jv jvd;a m@uqos;
jkafkah' WfmaCId n@yau jsydrhg jkdys we,Suz iys; wZ{dk WfmaCIdj wdikak i;`rdh' neZoSuz
iys; we,afuka yg.kakd WfmaCId kuz lsishuz wruqKl h:d iajNdjh fkdoekSu ksid tu
wruqK flfrys uq,dfjka ueoy;a nj we;s lr .ekSuhs'64 fodaI .`K wjsjdrK jYfhka iudk
nejsks' rd.h yd ;ryj |=r i;`rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska rd.fhka yd
;ryfhkaa nshg m;a fkdjS WfmaCIdj jevsh hq;`h' WfmCIdj m@cdkkh lrkafkah' rd.h yd
m@;s>h jrAOkh lrkafkah hkq lsis lf,l tla jsfgl is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' n@yau jsydr
kdufhka ie,flk fulS i;r ixl,amhka ishZM ffcj j.!hd jsIfhysu we;s fmd|= w;Dma;slr
;;ajfhka fuz i;r n@yau jsydr i;aFjhka flfrys ysff;Is nj we;s PJoh Wmojhs' WfmaCId
n@yau jsydrh o i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: mej;`uz leu;sjSuz jYfhka mj;akd PJoh m@Odk
fldg mj;shs' tys olakg we;af;a yqfola jsjD; iajNdjh yd jsreoaO fkdjSuz jYfhka mj;akd jQ
60

31. PJoh fjz' fuz jQ l,S uOHia: jQ PJohhs' tuZ.ska laf,aY yd kSjrKdosh uev meje;ajSu uOHh
f,i ie,lsh yelsh' wm!Kdj jQ l,S tys wjidk wjia:dj fjz'
i;r n@yau jsyrK w;rska fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ;`k p;`Ial kHdhg
wkql~,j ;`kajk OHdkh ksIaGdjfldg mj;S' mxp kHdhhg wkql~,j i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj
fldg mj;S' fuu fu;a;d" lreKd yd uqos;d hk ixl,amj, fidukiaih jsoHduk jk nejsks'
fidaukiaih isf;ys fkdue;s jsg fidaukiaifhka Wmoskd jHdmdo" jsysxid" wr;Ska f.a
ksiairKh we;sjk ksidh' ldudoSkag ksiairKh jQ fklaLuzudoSka fuka foduzkia iemsh hq;`
jHdmdodoSkag ksiairKh jQ fu;a wdoSyq fiduzkia iy .shd fj;s hk wF:!hs' ksiairK
.@yKfhkau mQj!Nd. jQ fu;a;doSkaf.a WfmaCId iuzm@fhda.h o wkqZ{d;hhs o; hq;`h' tfyhskau
we|=frda wgjsis isf;lays lreKd" uqos;djkaf.a m@jD;a;sh mikq ,efn;s' WfmaCId fjzokdj jkdyS
wjfYaI tl OHdkslhuh' l`ula fyhskao WfmaCIdj fjzokdj yd iuzm@hqla; fyhsks' ta tfiauh'
i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia:dldrfhka mj;akd n@yau jsydfrdafmCIdj WfmaCId fjzokdj ke;sj
fkd mj;afkah' nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska wx.`;a;r wIaGl ksmd;fhys oS OHdk i;r – i;r
n@yau jsyrKfhys ,d idudkHfhka jodrK ,oafoah' tkuq;a i;r n@yau jsyrKu p;`Ial –
mxpl OHdksl fkdfjzz' 65 tfia kuz ldhdkqmiaikdosh o p;`Ial mxpl OHdksl hhs lshkakg is|=
fjz' fjzokdkqmiaikdosfhys m@:u OHdkslh mjd fkdue;s ksid oajs;Sh OHdkdosh flfiaj;a
fkd,efnz'66 tfyhska nqoaO jpkfhys jHxZ[ck Pdhd ud;@h muKla i,ld iuzud
iuznq|=rcdKka jykafiayg wi;Hfhka fodaIdfrdamKh fkd l< hq;`h'67 nqoaO jpkh .eUqreh'
wdpdhH! u;hka flaJ|@fldgf.k ;uka o jspdr mQrAjlj Ou! jskh yd iiZod n,d ksjeros hehs
iEySug m;a jkafka kuz muKla ms<s.; hq;`h'68
fuz wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSu OHdk ugzgfuka .;a l, mxpu
yd p;`Ial jYfhka fojoEreuz fjz' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuzoS th ldhdkqmiaikd
Ndjkdj mQrAj Ndjkdjla fldg bka wk;`rej is|= lrkakd jQ ia:dkhkaysoS th yeZoskafjkafka
ps;a; iudOsh mQrAjx. lr.kakd ,o ldhdkqmiaikdj f,isks'69 tu fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh
lsrSfuz l@shdj<sh wrAy;ajh olajdu fhduq.; jS mj;shs' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkfhys
mrsiudma;s wjia:dj ;`kajk OHdk wjia:dj yd i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd jHdma; jS
mj;sk nj o;a hq;`h' fuhska Tnzfnys we;af;a i;rjk OHdk wjia:djhs' tu i;rjk OHdk
wjia:djg m;ajSug kuz WfmaCId ixl,amh jrAOkh l< hq;`h' tfukau WfmaCId ixl,amh
i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd wjYH kuz flfkl`g m@.`K lsrSug o mqZMjk' wNsOu! kHdh
wkqjo fuys iudk njla oel.; yelsh' fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ixl,amhka ;`k jrAOkh
lsrSfuz l@shd mgsmdgsh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS ;`kajk OHdkh
ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj
fldg o jsia;r lr ;sfnz' WfmaCId ixl,amh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk
wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk
61

32. wjia:dj, oS miajk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuz ms<snZoj wx.`;a;r wgzGl
ksmd;fhys jsYd, jsia;rhla olajd we;'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhaoS us;@Fjh mokuzlr .ekSu;a lreKd ixl,amfhaoS
wkqluzmdj mokuzlr .ekSu;a uqos;d ixl,amfhaoS m@fudaoh mokuzlr .ekSu;a WfmaCId
ixl,amfhaoS uOHia:;dj mokuzlr .ekSu;a fuu ixl,am i;frys jsIh uQ<sl jsjsOFjh
jYfhka oelajSug yel' tkuz tla tla wjia:djkaysZoS isf;a wdfjzok mCIfhys olakg ,efnkakdjQ
jsjsO;d i<ldf.k ta wdfjzok ;;ajhkaf.a m@;scdkd;aul ixjrAOkh yd ta;`,ska we;sjkakd jQ
wNHka;r.; ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgfuz mrsmQrAKFjh i<ld tajd OHdk kdufhkao wrA: olajkq
,efnz' flfiajqj;a OHdk kuska oelafjk wNHka;rA.; ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgu olajd ps;a;
ixjrAOkh we;slr .ekSug kuz ta iZoyd l@udkql~,j ixjrAOk lr.; hq;` l`Y,;d moaO;shla
olajd ;sfnz' fulS ps;a; ixjrAOkfha by<g .ukal< yelafla m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska
m@.`K lsrSu uZ.ska muKla nejs olajd ;snSu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys flaJ|@Sh jeo.;alu jvd
fydZoska ;yjqre fjhs'70 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq
lsrSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ;j;a wxYhla wOHhkh lsrSug jeo.;a wjia:djls' fuz hgf;a
fu;a;d Ndjkdj flfia jsia;r lr ;sfnzoehs jgyd .ekSu jeo.;ah'71 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla
f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ jsjsO l@ufjzohka ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys
idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lr we;'72 my; oelafjkafka fu;a;d Ndjkdj l< yels ;j;a wdldrhls'
l`ukdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d l<;a ;u ;ukaf.a prs;dkQl~,j yd wjia:dkQl~,j
jevsh hq;` wdldrhka mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; jsjsO jk nejska ta iEu l@ufjzohlau tl yd
iudkju jeo.;a jk nj mejish yelsh' 73
Ou!dkqidrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdksixY my; iZoyka mrsos fufkys l<
74
hq;`h' fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldg we;s bjiSu mru ;mi kuska yeZoskafjz'75 tfiau
fu;a;d ixl,amh n,ldrl Ou!hla jYfhka yd th n,weKshla mrsoafoka kej; kej; ish is;a
i;kays m@.`K lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hdu n@dyauK kduh ,nhs'76 fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd jevs
Wiia .`Khla ke;' fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevSfuz oS m<uqj fu;a jevsh hq;` mqoa.,hd ljfrla o
tfiau m<uqj fu;a jevSu wfhda.H mqoa.,hd ljfrla oehs mqoa., jsIu;djh yZ|=kd.; hq;` fjz'
wm@sh" w;sm@sh iydh" uOHia: yd ffjrS hk i;r jeoEreuz mqoa.,hka fjk m<uqj fu;a
fkdjevsh hq;`h' jsreoaO ,sx.slhka flfrys iSud iys; jYfhka yd u<jqka flfrys fu;a;d
ixl,amh jrAOkh fkdl< hq;`h' tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSu wF:! iuzmkak
fkdjk nejska tfia fkdl< hq;` hehs meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz'
ula ksid o h;a wm@sh mqoa.,hd m@sh ;kays ;nd .kakg hdfuka is;g mSvd we;s
fjz' w;s m@sh iydhlhd uOHia: ia:dkfhys ;nd .kakg hdfuka tfiau is; mSvdjg m;a fjz'
Tyqg iaj,am |=lla meusKs l, mjd yZvkakg is|= fjz' uOHia: mqoa.,hd .re ;kays yd m@sh ;kays
62

33. ;nd .kakg hdfuka o is; mSvdjg m;a fjz' ffjrS mqoa.,hd .ek isys fjkakd jQ jydu fl@daOh
Wmoskafkah' tnejska m@sh wm@shd oS fulS i;r fokd flfrys m<uq fldg fu;a;d ixl,amh
jrAOkh fkdl< hq;`h' ia;@Skag mqreIhka yd mqreIhkag ia;@Ska jsreoaO ,sx.slhka nejska Tjqka
flfrys isud jYfhka wij,a ;eke;a;dg fyda wij,a ;eke;a;shg fu;a is; m;`rjushs fu;a;d
ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkakg hdfuka fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdj rd.h jrAOkh jkafkah' tfiau
u<jqka flfrys fu;a is; me;srjSfuka wm!Kd – Wmpdr hk OHdkuh ;;ajhka ,o fkdyelsh' ta
ksid u<jqka wruqKq lr fu;a fkdjevsh hq;`h' fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkakd jsiska m<uq fldg u
fu;a;d ixl,amh jevsh hq;` jkafka ;uka wruqKq lrf.kh' uu iqjm;a fjuzjd" uu ks|=la
fjuzjd hkqfjka fyda uu ffjr ke;af;la fjuzjd" jHdmdo ke;af;la fjuzjd" Wm|@j ke;af;la
fjuzjd iqjfia wd;auNdjh mrsyrKh lrkafkla fjuzjd lshd fyda h<s h<s;a ;uka flfrys u
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh l< hq;`h' jsNx. m@lrKfhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;` jkafka
tla mqoa.,fhl`yg fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrk wdldrhgu ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys o
fu;a;d ixl,amh iudk wdldrfhka jHdma; l< hq;` nj olajd we;'77 tfiau mgsiuzNsod
u.a.fhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;af;a mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; mokuzj mia wdldrhlska
nj meyeos,s lr oS we;'78
by; jsNx.fhys yd mgsiuzNsod u.a.fhys m<uqj ;ukag fu;a fkdjvd ish,q
fokdgu fu;a jevsh hq;` nj olajd ;sfnz' m<uqj jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys olajk ,oafoa m<uqj ;ukag
fu;a jevsh hq;` njhs' fuu m@ldY fol mriamr jsfrdaOS fkdfjz' fuu .@J: foflys ffu;@S
Ndjkdj jevsh hq;` ms<sfj< olajd we;af;a wm!Kd jYfhks' jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys m<uqfjka u
;ukag ffu;@S jevsh hq;` hehs olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uqj ;ud YdCIs fldg wkHhkag fu;a jevSu
bf.kSu msKsih' wdoslu!uslhd o i,ld f.kh' fuys iZoyka wdoslu!uslhd kuz m<uqfldg
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ mqoa.,hdh' wjqre|= ishhla oyila kuq|= ;ud
flfrys muKlau ffu;@S Ndjkd jvkakd jQ mqoa.,fh;`g flosklj;a OHdk wm!Kd Wmojd .;
fkdyelsh' jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys iZoykajk mrsoafoka uu huzfia |=lg fkdleue;af;us o iqjfia
cSj;afjkq leue;af;uz o wkHhka o ud fiau |=lg fkdleue;af;ysh' iqjfia cSj;ajkq
leue;af;dah' hkdoS f,iska ;uka YdCIs jYfhka ;ndf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh lsrSu
wrUkakdg myiq nejska th jvd;a l@udkQl~, hehs ms<s.efka' iEu mqoa.,fhl`ygu ;ukaj
;ukag m@sh nejska th Wmudkjg f.k wkHhkayg o ysxid lsrSfuka je<lsh hq;`h'79
fuz wdldrfhka ;uka YdCIs jYfhka ;ndf.k ish,q ffcj m@cdj flfrys u fu;a;d
Ndjkdj jevsh hq;`h hk l@uh nq|=r|=ka jsiska jodrk ,oafoah' tnejska YdCIs msKsi m<uq fldg
;uka flfrys fu;a jevsh hq;`h' bka wk;`rej iqjfia ffu;@sh mj;ajkq msKsi ;ukayg m@sh
ukdm .re iuzNdjkSh wdpdhH!jrfhla fyda wdpdhH! iudkfhla fyda WmdOHdhfhla fyda
WmdOHdh iudkfhla fyda fjz kuz Tyqf.a odk m@sh jpkdoS jQ m@sh ukdm ldrKd o YS, Y@e;j;a
wdoS jQ .re iuzNdjkSh ldrK o i,ld tu i;a mqreIhd iqjm;a fj;ajd ks|=la fj;ajd hkd oS
63

34. l@ufhka fu;a is; jrAOkh l< hq;`h' fuz wdldrhg ffu;@S Ndjkdj is|= lsrSfuka taldka;fhka
u wm!Kd OHdk ;;ajfhka is; by<g f.k taug yelsh'
fuu fhda.djprhd tf;lska ish wNsm@dh wjika jQjd hehs i;`gg meusK ish
W;aiyh ,sys,a lr fkdf.k ;j |=rg;a ish ffu;@S ps;a;h jrAOkh l< hq;`h' blans;sj
Ndjkdkqfhda.shdg we;af;a iSudjka blaujd ish fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh jrAOkh lsrSfuz
mshjrhs'80 iSudjka blaujkq leue;s fhda.djprhd jsiska m<uq fldg ;udf.a w;sm@sh us;@hd
flfrys fu;a is; fydZoska m@.`K fldg wk;`rej uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jrAOkh
lsrSu werUsh hq;`h' fuz wdldrfhka uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a jvd th fydZZoska m@.`K
81
jQjdhska miqj ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a is; jrAOkh lsrSu werUsh hq;`h' kej; tlS
ffjrS mqoa.,hka flfrys ffjrS ixZ{djka jsIaluzNkh lr uOHia:hg muqKqjk fpz;kdfjka
m@sh Ndjh o Wmojkakyq jsiska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkfhys ,d ;j ;j;a W;aiyj;a jsh
hq;`h'83 ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jv;au ta mqoa.,hd flfrys fl@daO ixZ{djka my< fjz
kuz tjsg m<uq Ndjkd wruqKq jYfhka ;nd.kakd ,o ;udg m@sh mqoa.,hka w;rska hful`
flfrys ffu;@S OHdk ,nd thska ke.sg kej; ffjrS mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg fu;a is; jvkakg
W;aiy .; hq;`h'82 kuq;a thska o ;u is; Wmka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg wiu;a fjz kuz is;g
fkdfhl`;a wjjdo wkqYdikd ,ndoSuz wkqidrfhka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg kej; kej; W;aiy
84
l< hq;`h'
we;eful`f.a ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a jdla – udkisl
yeisrSuz rgdj wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukisl iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz
rgdj u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful` jpkfhka mjik foa wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukia
iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful` f.a jdpsl m@ldYk
Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a ldhsl yd udkisl wej;`uz mej;`uz rgdj wYdka;h' ta wYdka; ldh
ukia iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jdla iudpdr u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful`f.a udkisl is;`js,s rgdj
Ydka;h' ta nj ta mqoa.,hd lrk lshk lghq;` wdosfhys oS ish,a,kag u oek .; yelsh' fkd
ikaiqka is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl` jsiska is|= lrk ,nk lghq;`j, jsoHudk jk wms,sfj< iajNdjh
85
uZ.ska ta mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; iajNdjh ms<snZo ;rul jegySula ,ensh yelsh'
86
we;eful`f.a fuz ;@sjsO l@shdldrluz u wYdka;h' tnkaod flfrys lreKdj
Wmojsh hq;`h' lreKdj ksid fl@daOh ixisfZokafkah'87 fuz ms<snZoj wx.`;a;r mZCoapl
ksmd;fhys iZoykajk w>d;mgsjskh iQ;@h bjy,a lr.; yelsh'88 fuz wdldrhg ;ud jsiskau
;ukag wjjdo lr .ekSu uZ.skq;a ;u oafjzIh my fkd.sh l< ;udf.a yd i;`rdf.a lrAu
Yla;shu i,ld ixisZ|=jd .; hq;`h'89 thska ;udf.a lrAu Yla;sh i,ld ne,sh hq;` jkafka
Ydia;Dka jykafia .`re fldg ;ndf.kh'90 fufia ie,lSfukq|= fkd ixisfZoa kuz wk;`rej
64

35. Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a mQj! fndaOsiFj prs; l:djkays iZoyka jkakd jQ fndaOsiFj .`Khka
ie,lSu ;`,ska fyda th ixisZ|=jd .ekSu msKsi W;aiy .;hq;`h'91 fufia Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a
mQj! prs; .`K isys lr;`|= fndfyda ld,hla flf,iqkag odhl jq Tyqf.a fl@daOh fkdixisfZoa kuz
wk;`rej wku;.a.sh iQ;@h isys l< hq;`h' ta l< hq;af;a o fuz wdldrfhks'92 tfia fu;a;d
ixl,amh jO!kh lr .kakg W;aiy fldg;a" fkdyels jsks kuz wkaouska fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fhys
93
oelafjk wkaoug ffu;@S ps;a;h m@.`K lrkakg W;aiy l< hq;`h' fufia fu;a;dksixi isys
94
fldg;a isf;ys oafjzIh myj fkdfha kuz O;` jsksrAfNda.h l<hq;`h' Od;` jsksrAfNda.h
lrkakg fkdyels jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd jsiska odkh uZ.ska fyda fl@daO fpz;kdj |=re lrkakg
95
W;aidy l< hq;`h'
fuz wdldrfhka fl@daOh ixisfZo;a u m@sh - w;sm@sh – iydh – uOHia:hka flfrys
fuka ta ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o is; ffu;@S jYfhka mj;shs' tjsg Tyq kej; kej; ffu;@S
fldg iSud iuzfNaoh l< hq;`h' ;ud flfrys o" m@shhd flfrys o" uOHia:hd flfrys o" iu
is;a bmsojSu iSud iuzfNaohhs'96 fuz wdldrfhka iSud iuzfNaoh ,n;a u ta mqoa.,hd ksus;a; o
Wmpdr o hk folu ,enQ Wmpdr iudOsfhka hqla; iudys; is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl` f,i ie,fla'97
iSudiuzfNaoh ,nd.;a miqj Wmojd .kakd ,o ta ksus;a;u jv jvd;a fiajkh lr;au jrAOkh
lr;au mqZM,a njg uy;a iajNdjhg m;alr;au ksrdhdifhka mGjs lisKfhys olajk ,o mrsos
OHdkhl uQ,sl wjia:dj jQ wm!Kd wjia:dj olajd th oshqKq fjz'98 fuf;lska ta Ndjkdkqfhda.shd
laf,aY mdCIsl mZCoapdx.hka m@ySK lrk ,o tfukau l`Y, mdCIsl mZCoapdx.hkaf.ka iukajs;
jQ" ;@sjsO l,HdK iuzm;ska wkQk jQ yd oY ,CIKfhka hqla; jQ ffu;@S iy.; m@:u OHdkh
99
,enq mqoa.,fhla fjz' fuz wdldrfhka uy;a fia |=Ialr;d jsZo b;d jer jEhuska Wmojd .kakd
,o ta m@:u OHdk ksus;a;u ;j |=rg;a fiajkh lruska jrAOkh lruska mqZM,a njg m;alruska
wkq ms<sfj<ska iQ;@ msglfhys p;`Ial kHdfhka jsia;r flfrk mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh OHdkhkag
o100 thu fjk;a f,ilska jsia;r lrf;d;a wkq ms<sfj<ska wNsOrAu msglfhys mZ[apl
khHdfhka jsia;r flfrk mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh yd p;`F:s OHdkhkag o meusKSug yelshdjla
we;s lr .kshs'101 fuys oS fhda.djprhd jsiska Wmojd .kakd ,o m@:u" OHdkdoSka w;`frka lsishuz
OHdkhl isg ffu;@S is;ska tla osYdjla m;`rjd jdih lrhs' tfiau fojk" f;jk yd i;r jk
osYd o Wv hg yd yria w; o hk ish,qu ia:dkhkays iEu w;skau irAj iuzmQrAK wdldrfhka
yd irAj iudk f,i uqZM uy;a f,dalh jsmq, jQ uyoa.; jQ wm@udK jQ wffjr jQ wjHdmcAc jQ
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh jHdma; lr ta wkqj iajlSh prAhduh me;slv o Bg wkq.; lrjd
.kshs'102 fulS jsl`nznK m@dma; iajNdjh ,efnkafka m@:u OHdkdoS jYfhka wm!Kdj Wmojd
.kakd ,o mqoa.,hdguh' jsl`nznK kuz fuys oela jQ TOsfid fyda wfkdOsfid jYfhka mqoa.,
prAhdjg n,mEuz lsrSug yelshdjla ,efnk mrsoafoka fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkk jYfhka
jHdma; lsrSuhs' TOsfidMrK ffu;@sh kuz tla tla osYd jYfhka iSud fjkalrf.k fu;a;d
ixl,amh me;srjSuhs'
65

36. l`i, Ou!hla yd fndaOs mdCIsl Ou!hla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh
lsrSu msKsi W;aiyj;a lsrSu idrOu! ( Values ) yd iodpr ( Moral ) .`Khkaj,ska msrsmqka
jSu f,i fmkajd osh yelsh' fuys oS idrOu! ( Values ) yd iodpdr ( Moral ) hk jpk foflys
kshudrA:h meyeos,s lr.; hq;af;a ;@s msglh ;`< idrOu! yd iodpdr uQ<Ou! meyeos,s lr olajd
we;af;a l`i, Ou! yd fndaOs mdCIsl Ou! f,i nejsks' idrOu! hkqfjka woyia jkafka huz lsis
wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg iSudjk tu wd.ug fyda ixialD;shg wh;a idudcslhkaf.a fydZo
hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdjhs' iodpdrh hkafkka woyia jkqfha tfia wd.ul fyda ixialD;shlg
iSud fkdjQ tfy;a fmd|= jsYajSh Ou!;djhla jYfhka yeufokdu talu;slju fydZo hehs
ms<s.kakd ,o ksYaps; yd iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj fjhs' fu;ek oS meyeos,s lr .; hq;` foa jkafka
nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj uska l`uk ldKavhg wh;a jkafkao hk
ldrKhhs'
nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk yeisrSuz rgdj ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjlj i,ld n,f;d;a
meusKsh yels ks.ukh jkqfha yqfola tu yeisrSuz rgdjka lsishuz wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg
iSud fkdjk njhs' tu ksid tu yeisrSuz rgdjka iodpdrh hkakg jvd;a iuSm fjz' tfiau
wd.usl ixorANhla ;`< idlpzPd lr we;s ksid tajd idrOu! f,i jsia;r lrkq ,enQj;a tys lsis|=
jrola fkdue;' nq|= iufhka fmkakquz lrkq ,nk idrOu! fyj;a iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz l`i,
hk mofhka iy fndaOsmdCIsl Ou!;d f,i oyu ;`< jsia;r flfrA' fuz wkqj l`i, idrOu! fyda
iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj ksrEmKh lrk w;r nq|= oyuska fmkajk mru ksIaGdj jk
fndaOsh fyj;a wjfndaOh lrd hk .ufkys oS tu wjfndaOh ,enSu msKsi jqjukd lrk lreKq
fyj;a iq|=iqluz fndaOs mdCIsl Ou!;d f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.;
jkakd jQ idrOu! yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj l`i, Ou! yd fndaOs mdCIsl Ou! f,i fuys
fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkk" wdfjzok" Z{dk jsNd.S" prAhd yd iudc jsoHd;aul
hk mokuz my f.k ne,Q l, meyeos,s jkafka l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl Ou! hkafkka .efkk
idrOu! yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz fuz ;`< wka;rA.; njh'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys oefkk iajNdjh wOsl nejska tys wdfjzok moku fiiq
mokuzj,g jvd jevsmqr olakg ,efnz hehs flfkl` fmkajd fohs' th l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl
Ou!;d jYfhka i;r n@yau jsyrK uZ.ska ksrEmKh fj;ehs thg ksoiqka bosrsm;a lr;s' fuz
w;r ;j flfkl` olajkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska wl`Y, uQ, ;`fkka oafjzI uQ<h hgm;a lr
ouk nejska fuu ixl,amfhys m@cdkk moku fjk;a mokuz j,g jvd wOsl iajNdjfhka
olakg ,efnk njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;` fldg f.k we;s lr.kakd fhdksfidaukisldrh
jspdrmQj!l iajNdjh jeks lreKq l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl Ou! j,g ksoiqka jYfhka f.k yer
olaj;s' fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul jYfhka wfkHdkH Wmldrh" iuZ.sh" us;@Fjh jeks
lreKq j,ska fmdfydi;a nejska fuys prAhd moku jvd wOsl nj ;j;a wh f.k yer olaj;s'
66

37. fuz ish,qu lreKq iudcuh jYfhka iuQyhla jYfhka iduQyslj lghq;` lsrSu msKsi jeo.;a
jk nejska fuu ixl,amh iudcuh moku w;ska fjk;a mokulg jvd bosrsfhka isgsk nj
;j;a wh fmkajd fo;s' by; lS mokuz ish,a,u fkd wvqj ijsu;aj olakg ,enSuu fuys Z{dk
jsNd.Sh mokfuys ijsu;aNdjh fmkajd fok lreKla f,i ;j;a fndfyda fokd iZoyka lr;s'
fuz wkqj fmkajd osh yelafla l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl Ou!hla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
.enzjk udkqIsl jgskdluhs' ish,qu l`i,hka ffu;@sh ;`< wka;rA.; l< yelafla ish,qu
l`i,hka wF:!j;a l< yelafla ukqIH m@cdjla ;`< oS muKla jk nejsks' tfukau fndaOs mdCIsl
Ou!hka o m@dfhda.slj wF:! iuzmkakNdjhg m;a lr .; yels jkafka o cSj m@cdjla wruqKq
fldg ta cSj m@cdfjys hym; Wfoid fuu Ou!hkays .enzjk Wmfhda.S;d ,CIK u;` flfrk
mrsos l@shd;aul l< yels jk ksid muKs' fndaOs hk jpkh ;`<g ksrAjdK Ou!h yd wfkl`;a
wjfYaI l`i, Ou! ish,a,;a wka;rA.; l< yels fjhs' fndaOs hk jpkh iuZ. fhoS we;s ;`ka;rd
fndaOsh fndaOsiFj hk jpk .;al< tys oelafjkafka ksrAjdKdOs.uh fyj;a nq|= iufhys js.@y
jkakd jQ mru ksIaGdj yd tu ksIaGdj YdlaId;alrKh msKsi wkq.ukh lrkakd jQ huzlsis
l@udkQl~, jevms,sfj<la hkqfjka wmg huzlsis m@udKsl woyila fuz ms<snZoj we;s lr.;
yelsjkq we;' l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl Ou!hla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s Wmfhda.S;djh
oelafjkqfha oS> ksldfha ilalmZ[ay iQ;@fhysh' tysos ila fojsZ|= nq|=r|=kaf.ka jsuid isgskqfha
usksiqka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j isgSu m@sh lrk uq;a Tjqkag tfia isgSug fkdyels jS we;s
fya;`j ms<snojhs'103 tu mekhg nq|=r|=kaf.a ms<s;`r jkafka BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk ixfhdackhka
fol fya;`fjka fuu fu;a;d ixl,amh ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys yg .ekSug ndOd we;slrjk
njhs'104 B <Z.g nq|=r|=ka olajkqfha fuu BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk ixfhdack Ou! fol yg .ekSug
fya;`jQ ksOdk jQ ldrKhhs' fuysoS BrAIHd ud;aiH! fol m@sh yd wm@sh i;aFjhka ksok fldg yg
.kakd nj nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska Yl@hd yg myod fokq ,nk fial'105
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd ;s@ YsCIdj w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOfhys iajrEmh js.@y
lr ne,Su uZ.ska ;@s YsCIdj flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh ms<snZoj meyeos,s
ks.uhlg meusKsug mqMjk' fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkk moku" wdfjzok moku" prAhd moku"
Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudcuh moku hk ia:r mylska iukajs;h' fuu ia:r mfika m@cdkk
moku" wdfjzok moku yd prAhd moku hk ia:r ;`k l@shd;aul jkafka uQ,sl udkqIsl ixfjzok
lafIa;@fhysh' fyj;a mqoa.,dNHka;r.;jh' b;srs ia:r fol jk Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd
iudcuh moku hk ia:r Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk tajdh' tfukau tlS ia:r
fol iudc jsoHd;aul jYfhka jeo.;ah' fuu udkqIsl ia:r ;`k f,i ie,flk ia:rj,ska
m@cdkk mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha ;@s YsCIdfjka m@{d YsCIdfjysh'
;@s YsCIdfjka wdfjzok mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iudOs
YsCIdfjysh' tfuka u ;@s YsCIdfjka prAhd mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg
,efnkqfha iS, YsCIdfjysh' fuhg wu;r jYfhka Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk b;srs
67

38. ia:r fol jk {dk jsNd.S moku yd iudcuh moku hk ia:r fol m@Z{d YsCIdjg wh;ah'
oidx.sl wrAy;a ud.! m@;smodjg wka;rA.; fia ie,flk iuzud Z{dk yd iuzud jsuq;a;s hk
udrA.dx. fol;`< .enzjk mssrsmqka wjia:djka fuu ia:r fol uZ.ska ukdj uQrA;su;a l< yelsh'
fu;a;d ixl,amh kuz lfhka jpkfhka yd ukiska ish,q ffcj f,dalhd
jsIfhys ys; iqj we;sjk whqrska lghq;` lsrSuhs' iS,h uZ.ska is|= flfrkafka o ldhsl yd jdpisl
ixjrh ;ud ;`< we;s lr.ekSu uZ.ska ish,q ffcjS f,dj flfrys ys; iqj we;sjkdldrfhka
lghq;` lsrSuh' ta wkqj iS,fhka lh yd jpkfhys ixjrh wfmaCId l<;a tu iS,h wF:!j;a
flfrkqfha ish,q ffcj f,dj jsIfhys ukiska o ffu;@S fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k l@shd
l<fyd;a muKs' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iS,h w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOh b;d oevs
jQjla fukau wjYHu jQ iy iuznJOhla nj meyeos,s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jvd;au jeo.;au
,CIKh jkqfha th .sys mejsos ia;@S mqreI fNaohlska f;drj isjzjkla msrsigu idOdrKjk
wdldrfhka wkqoek jodrd we;s njh. nq|=iufha we;euz ixl,am mejsos mCIh Wfoid jevs
wjOdrKhlskq;a .sys mCIh Wfoid idudkH ugzgulskq;a wkqoek jodrd we;.nUir yeisrSu
tjeks ixl,amhls.th mejsos mCIh fj;ska jjkfha mrsiudma; ugzgfuz Wmrsu wdldrfhka
;snshhq;` hehs n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkafka mejsos mCIh .sys iudchg iEu wxYhlskau wdorAYhlaj
mej;sh hq;` hehs iudc wdl,amhla mej;Suh. fuz hgf;a iEu jsgloSu mrudorAYS njla yd
mrudorAYS yeisrSula mejsos mCIh fj;ska .sys mCIh wfmaCId lrkq ,efnz'106
kuq;a .sys iudch fj;ska tnZ|= wdldrfha oevs jskhj;a meje;aula iudch
wfmaCId fkdlrhs..sys mCIh fj;ska iudch n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkafka Bg jvd ,sys,a m@;sm;a;shla
jk ldufhys jrojd fkdyeisrSuhs.jsOsu;a mjq,a ixia:djla .; lruska iajlSh jrA.hdf.a
meje;au ;yjqre lsrSula o iudch idudkH .sys mCIfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;` fjz' kuq;a fu;a;d
ixl,amh ;`< by; olajk ,o n@yauprsh ixl,amh fuka .sys mejsos jsfYaIFjhla olakg
fkd,efnz.fuu ixl,amfhys ia;@S mqreI jYfhka jsfYaIFjhlao olakg fkd,efnz.ta ishZM iFjhd
jsIfhys jsYaj idOdrK OrAu;djhla jYfhka ffu;@sh l@shd;aul jk nejsks.i;r i;smgzGdk
OrAuhkao fuz whqrska .sys mejsos fNaohlska f;drj ishZM fokd jsIfhysu wod< jkakls.fuz ksid
i;r i;smgzGdk OrAuhka jevSu muKgu ffu;@s ixl,amh jevSuo tl yd iudk
jeo.;alulska hqla;jQ fohls. tfiau fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh u;`msgska jsoHudkjk
tys jpkdrA:h blaujd hk fndfyda mqZM,a yd .eUqre jQjla nj meyeos,s fjz'
NsCIq cSjs;h ;`< ;u wdpdrAhjrhd flfrys meje;ajsh hq;` wdpdrAhj; olajk
uydj.a.md,sfha LJOlhka ;`< ta yeu j;lau meje;ajsh hq;`jkafka .`rejrhd flfrys fu;a;d
fpz;kdj fmrgqfldg nj olajhs. wdpdrAh WmdOHdh iy ioaOsjsydrslhd w;r meje;ajsh hq;`jQ
.`re isiq inZo;djfhys iajNdjh mshmq;` iafkayh fukajQ fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgqfldg .;a;la
68

39. nj nq|=r|=ka jsiska wkqoek jodrd we;'107 nq|=iiqfka yrs wvlau rZod mj;skafka l,HdK us;@Fjh
u;fkaoehs jsuiQ wdkkao ysushkayg nq|=r|=ka foaYkdfldg jodf<a nq|=iiqfka yrs wvla fkdj uqZM
iuznqoaO idikhu rZod mj;skafka l<HdK us;@Fjh u; njhs.fuhska meyeos,s jkafka iuzmQrAK
nqoaO idikfhysu moku fu;a;d ixl,amh njhs.
nq|=rdcKkajykafia mejsos mCIhg jskh YsCId mo;a .sys mCIhg mkais,a wgis,a
yd oiis,a hk prAhduh YsCIKh;a mkjd we;af;a lh jpk ixjr lr.ekSu ;`,ska mYapd;a
ld,Sk ps;a; ixjrAOkhg wjYH lrkakd jQ udkisl miqnsu ta uZ.ska we;slr .;yels nejsks.
b;d rZM yeisrSuz rgdjla we;s usksiqkaf.a tu m@d:usl ;;ajfha yeisrSu l@udkQl~,j ixialrK
l@shdj,shlg Ndckh lsrSu ;`,ska muKla jvd by< udkisl ugzgulg wj;SrAK jshyels
fyhsks.kuq;a lrKSh fu;a; iQ;@fha yd fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fha jeks iQ;@ foaYkdj, fmkajd fok
wkaoug fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;`,ska huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a ukfiys uD|=nj ieye,a,q nj
l@shdldrSnj yd kuHYS,SNdjh jeks .`Kdx. jO!khg m;ajSu fya;`fldg f.k ta mqoa.,hd uq,ska
olajk ,o m@d:usl prAhd ixialrK l@shdj,shlg NdckhjSu wkjYH iajNdjfhkau fydZo
ldreKsl .;s we;s mrdrA:lduS uD|= wysxil is;a we;af;l` njg m;afjz.108
wx.`;a;r ksldfha kjl ksmd;fha .sys mCIh jsiska fmdfydh oskhkays
iudokajsh hq;`hehs ksrAfoaYfldg olajd we;s ‘kjdx. Wfmdai: YS,fhys’uq,a YsCIdmo wg
wIaGdx. Wfmdai: YS,hg wh;a YsCIdmo wgu jk w;r wjidk fyj;a kjjk YsCIdmoh f,i
olajd we;af;a ishZM iFjhka jsIfhys ffu;@S iy.; is;ska hq;`j jsiSu iudoka fjus hkqh.uska
s
.uH jkqfha fmr iZoyka l<djQ YsCIdmo wggu mokuz jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amhu njhs.fu;koS
olakg ,efnk ;j;a jsfYaIhla jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul ixialrK YsCIK jsOs
l@uhla jYfhkao Ndjs;hg .ekSug nq|=r|=ka jsiska wkqoek jodrd we;s njhs.
mqoa.,fhl`f.a ffp;isl ixjrAOkh we;slr.ekSfuzoS m@Odk jYfhka fohdldr
jQ l@ufjzohla Tiafia l@shd l< hq;` nj nq|=iuh meyeos,s lrhs.m<uqfldg whym;a foa lsrSfuka
je<lsh hq;`h' fuh ‘jsr;s’kdufhka yeZoskafjhs' jsr;s hkq fjkajSuhs' mjska yd wl`i,fhka
fjkajSu, jsr;s kus.fuu jsr;s ffp;isl jYfhka .;al< iuzud jdpd" iuzud luzuka;" iuzud
wdcSj jYfhka jsr;s ;`kls.fuu jsr;s jkdyS iuzm;a;s jYfhkao iudodk jYfhkao iuqpzfPAo
jYfhka hkqfjka ;`ka wdldrfjz.jsr;s uZ.ska is|=lrkqfha by; oelajQ wkaoug mqoa.,hd
whym;ska je<elajSuhs.nq|=iuh olajk ffp;isl ixjrAOkh bka fl<jr fkdfjz' th wdruzNh
muKs. fu;eka isg ta mqoa.,hd tu isf;ys jO!kh lr.;hq;` hym;a foa mqKH yd l`i,
kdufhka olajd we;. hym;a foa hg;g wh;a jkafka oi mqKH l@shd oi l`i, Ou! ima;
fndcACOx. wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.h i;r iDoaOsmdo i;r i;smgzGdk i;r iuzmm@Odk
mxpbJ|@sh mxpn, hk Ou!h. fuhska oi jeoEreuz jQ mqKH yd l`i,hka yerekqjsg fiiq Ou!
s
69

40. ish,a,lau mdfya wh;a jkqfha ‘fndaOs mdCIsl Ou!’ hg;gh' fndaOs mdCIsl Ou! kuz nq|=iufha
oelafjk Wmrsu ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzguhs. huzlsis mqoa.,fhla fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkafkakuz
yd ta wkqj l@shd;aul jkafkakuz ksrdhdifhkau ta mqoa.,hdf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu jsr;s
ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu wNsnjd nq|=iufha oelafjk Wmrsu ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu olajd
pss;a; oshqKqj we;sfjk nj nq|=r|=ka jsiska fmkajdoS ;sfnz' fuu fmkajdoSu olakg ,efnkafka
fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuz wkqiia oelafjk lrKSh fu;a; iQ;@fhysh. uska meyeos,s jkafka
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enzjk ffp;isl ixjrAOk l`i,;djhhs.109 fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu
;`,ska ffp;isl ixjrAOkh we;slr .kakdjQ mqoa.,hd orAYk iuzmkakj ishZM lduhkays
ixisZoSug meusK kej; ujzl`i jdihg fkdmeusfKk nj fyj;a iir |=l fl<jr lr ksjkg
m;ajk nj fuhska lshfjz.;j;a whqrlska lsjfyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amh jevqjd jQ mqoa.,hd ishZM
fndaOsmdCIsl Ou!hka jevQ mqoa.,fhl`f.a ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgug meusfKa.
by; oelafjk wdldrfhka huz mqoa.,fhl` ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu fu;a;d
ixl,amh jevSu uZ.ska ksrAjdKdjfndaOh olajd oshqKq lr.ekSu ‘fu;a;d fpzf;da
110
jsuqla;s’kdufhka ‘fu;a; iQ;@fhys’ olajd we;. fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;`,ska fpzf;da
jsuqla;sh we;slr.; yelsnj fmkajdoSu ;`< ksrAjdKdjfndaOh iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfha we;s
Wmfhda.S;djh meyeos,sfjz. fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuz wdksixi tfld<ila fu;a; iQ;@fha jsia;r
lr ;sfnz. ta w;rska is; b;d blaukska iudOs.; jSfuz yelshdj we;sjSu tla wdksixihls' fuh ta
fo wxYfhkau Wiia ;,hla lrd .ukalsrSfuz yelshdj fuz;`,ska mqoa.,fhlayg ksrdhdifhkau
,efnk nejsks.111 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS th ps;a; iudOsh
yd lsishuz iuznJO;djla olajkafka oehs jsuis,a,g ,la lsrSu jeo.;ah' iudOsh hkqfjka woyia
jkqfha isf;ys lsishuz tlZ.Ndjhla we;s jSuhs' ke;fyd;a we;slr .ekSuhs' fuu tlZ.Ndjh
jkdyS tlajru we;s jka fohla fkdj l@udkQl~,j isf;ys j.d lr.; hq;` fohls' le<Us we;s
uy c, lZola tla jru ksYap, jkafka fkdfjz' tfukau r;a jS we;s hlvhla tlajru isis,a
jkafka fkdfjz' kuq;a fuu l@shdjka folu is|= fkd jkafka fkdfjz' wjYH jkafka thg jqjukd
ld,h thg ,nd oSuhs' isf;ys l@shdldrSFjh o uqZM ukskau fkdfj;;a tla;rd |=rlg by;
olajk ,o ixisoaOSka fohlg iudk lr oelajsh yelsh' le,US we;s uy c, lZo ksYap, jkafka
huz fiao" r;a jS we;s hlvh isis,a jkafka huz fiao f.dapr wruqKq ,en tys ukdj msysgqjd .;a
l< ke;fyd;a msysgs l< is;o l@udkql~,j ixisZoSug meusfKa' fuu l@shdldrSFjh iudOsh
kdufhka yZZ|=kajkq ,nhs' iudOsh ms<snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuzoS is;g iudOsh ,enSug uZ. wjqrk
tla;rd udkisl |=rAj,;djhka lsysmhla ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka flrS we;' fuu
udkisl |=rAj,;djhka my mxp kSjrK Ou! kdufhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz' kSjrK Ou! uZ.ska isf;ys
meyem;a udkisl l@shdldrSFjhg ndOd muqKqjd isf;ys wZ|=re l@shdldrSFjhg bv lv i,id fokq
,nhs' ps;a; iudOsh yg.ekSug fnfyjska Wmldrj;a jkafka isf;ys meyem;a udkisl
l@shdldrSFjhhs' fuu udkisl l@shdldrS iajNdjhka my isf;ka uZolg fyda bj;aj hd kuz tjsg
is; ksYap, iajNdjhlg meusfKa' tu ksYap, iajNdjh is; ;ekam;a lrk tla;eka lrk
70

41. Ndjuh ;;ajhls' fuu ufkdaNdjh iudOs kdufhka yZ|=kajkq ,nhs' b;du;au blaukska iudOs
keue;s ufkdaNdjhlg isf;ys msjsiqu we;s jkafka is; m@fndaOu;a lrjkakd jQ is;sjs,s oduhla
we;sjk jsgoSh' is; isis,a lrjk is; iqkaor lrjk is;sjs,s oduhla ffu;@Sh ;ruz fjk ;j;a
fkdue;' fu;a;d ixl,amh u.Zska i;aFj wruqK flaJ|@fldgf.k is;g isis,i ,nd fohs'
ys;j;a nj" iqjm;a nj" fkd.efgk nj fuu i;aFjh wruqfKys we;s isis,hs' fuz ;`<
ixcdkkuh ixisoZSuo" wfjzokd;aul ixisoZSuo" prAhduh ixisoZSuo olakg ,efnz' ixisZ|=kq is;
ukdj tla;eka lrjk w;r tla;eka jQ is; ukdj iqj t<jhs' ixhq;a; ksldfha wdKmdk
j.a.fhys oelafjkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ps;a; iudOsh Wmojd .ekSu msKsi flfia bjy,a
112
jkafkao hkak hk ldrKhhs' tfukau fuysoS wdhH! wIaGdx.sl udrA.h Wmojd .ekSu msKsi
fukau ish,q OHdkdx. jO!kh lsrSu msKsi o fu;a;d ixl,amh mqre|= lsrSu jevSu myiqjla nj
olajd ;sfnz'113
tfiau kshu l,HdK us;@Fjh hkqfjka wF:!j;a flfrkqfhao wdhH! wIagdx.sl
udrA.h jevSug Wojzz Wmldr lsrSu nj ixhq;a; ksldfha l<HdK us;a; iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS we;'
wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSu iZoyd;a isf;a iudOsh Wmojd .ekSu iZoyd;a l,HdK us;@
iuzm;a;sh uy;a fia Wojz jk whqre tys oelafjz'114 l,HdK us;@ iuzm;a;sh we;s mqoa.,hd u
wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jvk nj;a tlS wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jsfjzlh weiqre l<" jsrd.h
weiqre l< yd ksfrdaOh weiqre l< is;ska jShH! lsrSfuka ps;a; iudOSka oshqKq l< yels nj;a tys
oelafjz'115ixhq;a; ksldfha iQrsh fmhHd,fha l,HdK us;a; iQ;@fhys oelafjk mrsos l,HdK us;@
116
iuzm;a;sh we;a;d jsiskau ksrAjdK m@;smodj iuzmQrAK lrk nj fmkajd osh yelsh' tfiau
wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.h jvkakd jQ fy;ux jsfjzlh o" jsrd.ho" ksfrdaOho weiqre lruska
ksrAjdKh wruqKq lr.;a b;d by< iudOSka ,nd .ekSfuys kshe,qfkl` jk njo olajd ;sfnz'117
ixhq;a; ksldfhys |=;sh l,HdK fu;a; iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha l,HdK
118
us;@Fjh wdrAh wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSug mQrAj m@;smodjla jYfhka Ndjs;d jk njhs' rd.h
oafjzIh yd fudayh hk f;joEreuz wl`Y, uQ,hkaf.ka f;dr jSu iZoyd l,HdK us;@Fjh mQrAj
fldg we;s fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lsrSu w;HjYH jk njhs'119 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd m@{dfjys
l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSu uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@{dj flfrys l`ukdldr
Wmfhda.S;djhla olajkafkaoehs jsuis,a,g l,a l< yelsh' idudkH jHjydrfha oS oekqu ixcdkk
l`i,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj f,i i,l;;a nq|= oyu wkqj ixcdkk l`i,;djfhys mru
ksIaGdj f,i i,lkq ,nkqfha m@Z{djhs' fuz wkqj nq|= iuh jsiska o oekqu tys ixcdkk
l`i,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj jk m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd taldhk udrA.h f,i fkdi,l;;a
m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd .kakd os.` jHdhdufhaoS buy;a f,iska m@fhdackj;a jkakla f,i wF:!
olajd ;sfnz'120 nq|= iufha m@Z{dj kdufhka woyia lrk ,oafoa idudkH kqjK blaujd .sh
iqjsfYaIS wjia:djls' oekqu kqjK m@Z{dj ,enSug bjy,a fjz' tfy;a oekqu yd kqjK m@Z{dj
,enSu iZoyd taldhk udrA.h fkdfjz' wLKav ksrSCIKh;a wp, isysh;a ;`<ska huzlsis jsIh
71

42. m@ia;`;hla ms<snZoj meusfKk taldka; wjfndaOh jQl,S m@Z{djhs'121 m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd is|=
lrkakd jQ |=Ialr jHdhdufha oS thg wjYH lrkakd jQ m@cdkk l`i,;djh we;s lr .ekSu
msKsi wjYH flfrk uQ<sl miqnsu ilia lr fokq ,nkqfha wdfjzok yd prAhduh mCIfhka Bg
wkql~, jk mrsos kshus; m@.;shla ,nd isgshfyd;a muKh hk wF:!l:kh nq|= iufhka bosrsm;a
jS ;sfnz' uQ,sl jYfhka m@:u mshjfrys oS prAhduh m@.;sh Wod lr .ekSu Wfoid iS, YsCIKh
o" oajs;Sh mshjfrys oS wdfjzok mCIfhka Bg wkkql~< m@.;sh Wod lr,Su msKsi iudOs
YsCIKh o" nq|= iufhka ksrAfoaY jS ;sfnz'122 fuh w;sYh |=Ialr jHdhduhls' fuzid |=Ialr
jHdhduhl fhfokakdg ks;r we;s jkafka ish |=Ialr ldrAhh ms<snZoj udkisl fjfyils' we;euz
jsgl fufia we;s jkakd jQ udkisl fjfyi |=re lr ;j |=rg;a tlS |=Ialr jHdhdufhys wk,iaj
ksr; lrjSu msKsi lsishuz m@fndaO ckl hula idudkH ukqIHFjhg fmd|= udkqIsl |=rAj,;d
iys; usksfil`g wjYHh' fuz m@fndaO ckl foh Tyq tlS Ndjkd wruqKska uE;a fkdlrkakd jQ;a
tfiau ;j ;j;a Ndjkd wruqK fj; <x lrjkakd jQ;a fohlajSu nq|=iuh miihs' tu wruqK
fmroers lrf.k nq|= iuh fu;a;d ixl,amh m@Z{dj ,enSfuz YsCIK udrA.h yd iuznJO
lrhs'123 fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS ldhsl" udkisl yd jdpisl jYfhka iajdr;@fhkau th
l@shd;aul l< yels w;sYh m@dfhda.sl jQjla nj ta ms<snZoj .eUqrska jsYaf,aIKh lr ,nk jsg
fmkS hk ldrKhls' idudkH ck;dj w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo we;s tla |=rAjfndaOhla
jkqfha yqfola ffu;@s l< hq;` jkafka udkisl jYfhka muKla njhs' fuz u;h b;du;a idjoH
jQjls' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS udkisl jYfhka" tfukau jpkh Ndjs;fhka yd YdrSrsl l@shd
udrA.fhka hk l@shd udrA. ;`k lrK fldgf.ku iuia; iudch ;`<u l@shd;aul l< hq;`
njhs'
fu;a;d ixl,amh ldh" jpS yd ufkda hk oajdr;@fhkau jsh hq;` nj ucACOsu
ksldfha pQ, f.daisx. iQ;@fhys oelafjz' tys oelafjk wdldrhg huz lsis mqoa.,fhl` bosrsmsg
fukau ta mqoa.,hd fkdue;s jsg;a YrSrh jpkh yd uki Ndjs;fhka ffu;@sh me;srjSu nq+|=
iufhka ksrAosIaG l@shdudrA.h f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' idudkHfhka ffu;@sh lrkjd hkafka woyia
flfrkqfha ffu;@sh Ndjkdjla jYfhka is; ;`< m@.`K lsrSuhs' kuq;a fuysoS is; ;`< m@.`K
lrk ,o ffu;@sh jpkh yd YdrSrsl l@shdjka uZ.ska msg;g t<s olajd iudch iuZ. lghq;`
124
lsrSu woyia jS ;sfnz'
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iudc ixia:d
( Metta Concept & Social Institution )
iosid kuialdrh ;`< ksrEms; jkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo idlpzPd lsrSu
uZ.ska th mqoa., m@cdkk yd prAhd ,CIK ilia lrjSu flfrys nq|= iufhka m@Ndjs; fndoaO
ufkdajsoHdj ;`< flfia Wmhqla; jSoehs meyeos,s wjfndaOhlg meusKSug yelshdj wefnz' fu;a;d
idrOrAufhys m@cdkk yd prAhd mokug wh;ajkafka wNHka;r yd ndysr ifudaOdkh we;s
72

43. lr.ekSu ms<snZo lreKqh. fuz uZ.ska mqoa., idrOrAu yd m@;sudk ( Values & Norms )
wdrCIdjSu flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh olajk odhlFjh ms<snZo lreKq .eUqrska jsurAYkh
flfrA' isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h, l,y jsjdo iQ;@h,lrKShfu;a; iQ;@h, fu;a; iQ;@h iy pQ< f.disx.
iQ;@h jeks iQ;@ foaYkdjkaf.ka yd jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys oelafjk jsjsO ffu;@S Ndjkd l@uhkaf.ka
m@lgjkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsuid nef,a'
jsfYaI jYfhka fn#oaO ufkda jsoHdjg wod<jk whqrska fu;a;d ixl,amfha
ufkda jsoHd;aul jeo.;alu ms<snZo w;sYh mqZM,a js.@yhla m@cdkk yd prAhd moku uZ.ska
bosrsm;a flfrA.fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd w;rska ufkda jsoHd;aul jeo.;alula .kakd pQ< f.daisx.
iQ;@h jeks iQ;@ foaYkd uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; iqjsfYaI ,CIK jsYaf,aIKh
lrkq ,efnz'125 tfukau fn#oaO ufkda jsoHdj yd fiiq ngysr ufkda jsoHd fCIa;@hg wka;rA.;
jkakdjQ jsIh fCIa;@hkays ms<s.;a kHdhhka yd fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`<kd;aulj jsYaf,aYKh
lsrSu;`,ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ufkda jsoHd;aul Ndjs;dfjz we;s Wmfhda.S;djh biau;` fldg
oelajSu m@cdkk yd prAhd moku ;`,ska is|= flfrA' jsfYaIfhkau fuys oS pQ< f.disx. iQ;@fhys
we;s Wmfhda.S;djh jeo.;a jkqfha tuZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh ldhsl jdpisl yd udkisl
jYfhka f;jsOsfhkau jrAOkh l< hq;` jQ ixl,amhla f,i fmkajd oS w;s fyhsks'126 fuz uZ.ska
we;euz fokd ;`< ;sfnkakd jQ idjoH woyila tkuz fu;a;d ixl,amh yqfola udkisl wxYfhka
muKh hk us:Hd woyi ksrjoH fkdjk nj fmkajd fohs' tfukau nq|=iuhdkQl~,j js.@yjk
127
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s mrsmQrAK iajNdjho fuz ;`<ska ukdj fy<sfmfy<s fjz'
isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys ufkda jsoHd;aul ,CIKhka wka;rA.; m@cdkk yd prAhd
moku wF:! oelafjkafka hq;`luz yd j.lSuz hk fohdldrfhks' fuu hq;`luz yd j.lSuz
l@shd;aul jSu iZoyd isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys jsia;r flfrkakd jQ uQ<sl iudc ixia:d ih ;`,
wfkHdkH jYfhka ls@hd;aul jkakd jQ ysff;IS iajNdjhla mej;sh hq;`h' fuu ysff;IS Ndjh
kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhska fmfkkafka udkj ixia:dfjz wfkHdkH neZoSu talFjh we;s
lsrSfuys,d fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ldrAhNdrh b;du;a iqjsfYaIS jk njhs'128 isZ.df,dajdo
iQ;@fhys oS nq|=rcdKka jykafia YD.d,l kuz .Dym;s mq;@hdg foaYkd fldg we;af;a wdhH!
jskfhys oS wkq.ukh l< hq;` jQ l@shd udrA. moaO;shls' fuh tu iQ;@fhys yeZoskafjkqfha Igz
osid kuialdrh jYfhks' tys oS wdhH! mqoa.,fhl` yg i;r lu! laf,aI m@ySK lsrSu iZoyd Wojz
jkakd jQ uQ<sl lreKq i;r f,i olajkqfha iFjhkaf.a cSjs; whs;sh ( m@dK>d;fhka je<lSu )
" foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh ( wo;a;dodkfhka je<lSu )" ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla
.;lsrSfuz whs;sh ( ldufhys jrojd yeisrSfuka je<lSu ) iy ksrjoH ikaksfjzokfhys
wjYH;djh ( fndrelSfuka je<lSu ) hk lreKq i;r iqrCIs; lsrSu fjhs' fuhska m@dK>d;h
fyj;a mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu is|=jkqfha o" foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh wkHhkayg
iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o" ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla .;lsrSfuz whs;sh wkHhkayg iqrCIs;
lrfokq ,nkafka o" ksrjoH ikaksfjzokfhys wjYH;djh iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o fu;a;d
73

44. ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lsrSu uZ.sks' idudkH mxpYS, m@;smodfjz uq,a wx. i;r hg;g
.efkk lreKq i;ru fuys oS o jsia;r lr we;s w;r tu lreKq i;r mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys
jrAOkh jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uq,a jSfuka nj fuz uZ.ska meyeos,s fjz'129
mxpYS, m@;smodfjys miajk wx.h f,i olajk hym;a isysl,amkdfjka isgSfuz
whs;sh ke;fyd;a iDKd;aul fm<UjSfuka je<lSu ( ryfur mdkfhka je<lSu ) isZ.df,dajdo
iQ;@fhys olajkqfha iuzm;a jskdYhg fya;`jkakd jQ udrA.hla jYfhks' mqoa.,fhl` ;`< hym;a
isys l,amkdjla fkdue;s jSu fya;`fjka we;s jkakd jQ .egZM iy.; ;;ajhka fuz wdldrfhka
olajd ;sfnz' tkuz jia;` jskdYh" l,y we;sjSu" frda.dndO yg.ekSu" wmlSrA;sh ,enSu" ,cAcd
rys;nj" yd kqjK |=n,jSu tu lreKq ldrKd fjz' fuu lreKq msrslaid ,nk jsg ta iEu
lreKlau yg .efkkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg fkdf.k we;s ksid nj meyeos,s fjz'
hfula ;ud iy iudch w;r we;s us;`re nj mZM|= jk wdldrfha by; iZoyka lghq;` iZoyd
m@fjzY jkafka tu ;eke;a;df.a isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fkdjSu ksid nejs
meyeos,sh'130
tnZ|= fNda. jskdY uqL ihla fuz iQ;@fhys olajd we;' bka fojk lreK jkafka
fkdl,ays jS:s ixprKhhs' fuz uZ.ska ;ud fukau ;ukaf.a wUqorejkayg we;sjk wkdrCIs; nj"
Ok jskdYh" iellghq;` mqoa.,fhl` jSu" wN~; fpdaokdj,g uqyqK mEu jeks fndfyda
lrorj,g uqyqK mEug fuz ksid mqoa.,hdyg is|= fjz' fuys oS mqoa., jYfhka fukau iudcuh
jYfhka o wfkHdakH jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka neyerj lghq;` lsrSfuz wdoSkj fmkakquz
lrkq ,nhs' fuys oS mqoa.,hd iudchg ffu;@S lrkafkl`` fkdjSfuz fya;`fjka iudch o
mqoa.,hdyg ffu;@S fkdlsrSfuz m@jK;djh fukau iudcfhka mqoa.,hd fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh
fkdoelajSfuz fya;`fjka mqoa.,hd o fmr,d iudchg fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdolajkafkl` jSfuz
iuzNdjs;djh fuz ;`< b;du;a u meyeos,sju .enz fjz'131
fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka
jkqfha kD;H orAYkhkag ks;r ks;r hduhs' ke;fyd;a thgu wenzneys jS tajdfhysu we,S .e,S
lghq;` lsrSuhs' jsfkdaodiajdohkays ks;r fofjzf,a we,S .e,S lghq;` lsrSu fya;`fjka ;ukaf.a
jD;a;Suh yd iudcuh lghq;`j, ksis m@.;shla Wod fkdjk nj fuys we;s wys;lr M,
jsmdlhhs' mqoa.,fhl` jYfhka muKla fkdj iudcuh jYfhka o oshqKqj lrd hdug we;s
tlu udrA.h jkqfha ;uka ks;rjk lghq;af;ys wm@udoSj kshe,Su jk w;r mxfpzJ|@shhka
mS@Kkfhys muK blaujd we,S.e,S lghq;` lsrSu fuu lghq;a;g ndOd we;s lrjhs' ;ukaf.a
jD;a;Suh yd iudcuh lghq;`j, wkia,j ksr; jkafka ;uka w;ska iudchg jsh hq;` fiajdj
ms<snZo wjfndaOfhks' fuz lreK idrA:l f,i bgqjSug kuz mqoa.,fhl` ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh
jrAOkh jS ;snsh hq;` jk w;r tfia fkdjq ;eke;a;d W;aiy .kafka yels;dla wd;audrA:lduS
f,i bJ|@Sh mS@Kkhg muKla fhduq jQ cSjs;hla .; lsrSugh'132
74

45. fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka
jkqfha iQ|=fjz ksr; jSuhs' iQ|=jg wenzneys jQ mqoa.,hdyg iQ|=fjka oskQ jsg i;`rka we;s jSu;a"
mer|=Kq l< fYdal jSu;a" jia;` jskdYh;a" ck iudcfhys tu mqoa.,hdf.a jok i;H f,i
fkdms<s.ekSu;a" us;@dud;HdoSkaf.a wjZ{djg ,la jSu;a" wdjdy jsjdyhka iZoyd lsisfjl`
fkdleu;s jSu;a hk whym;a m@;sjsmdlhkag uqyqK mEug is|= fjz' by; iZoyka lreKq i,ld
ne,Q jsg fmfkkafka mqoa.,fhl` yqfola iQ|=jg wenzneys jkafka b;du;a blaukska idOdrK
fkdjk l@uhlska tkuz yqfola ;ukaf.a oyvsh uykaisfhka Wmhd .ekSulska f;drj wkqka jsiska
b;du;a oyvsh uykaisfhka yrs yuzn lr.kq ,enQ jia;`j Okh iQ|=j keue;s widOdrK
l@ufjzoh Ndjs;fhka ;uka ika;lhg .ekSfuz fpz;kdj fmroers lrf.k lghq;` lrk njhs'
fuh flfiaj;a fu;a;d iy.; is;lska is|= l< fkdfyk l@shdjls' fuz ksidu tu mqoa.,hd o
by; iZoyka l< wdldrfhka iudcfhys ms<sl`,g ,la jk mqoa.,fhl` jk nj fmfka'133
fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka
jkqfha mjsgq us;`rka fiajkhhs' mjsgq us;`rd hkq o i;`rduh' ;udf.a whym; Wod lr fokafka
us;`rd fkdj i;`rd nejsks' tnejska fuys us;@ kdufhka yeZoskajqj o ta i;`rdu nj oek .ekSu
jeo.;ah' funZ|= i;`re mqoa.,hka ih fofkl` ms<snZoj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka fjz' Tjqka
kuz iQ|= ldrhka" i,a,d,hka" fnznoaoka" kele;alrejka ( jxpkslj l~G yd iglmg f,i .`ma;
jsoHd l@u Ndjs;fhka cSjfkdamdh i,id .kakka )" jxpkslhka" .uz myrk ux myrk
idyislhkah' fudjqka taldka; jYfhau iudchg iudcfha bosrs .ukg ndOdldrS jkakkah'
funkaoka weiqre lsrSu ksid ;ukaf.a bosrs .ukg ydkshla is|= jkjd muKla fkdj fndfyda
fldg iudc m@.ukhg ndOdwe;s lrjSu msKsi wkshuz jYfhka f;fuzz o iyh olajkafkl`
jYfhka ie,flhs' i;`rka fyda i;`re nj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh ;uka;`< jrAOkh jS
134
fkdue;s ksidh'
fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka
jkqfha w,i njhs' fuz w,i nj ksid ;ud w;ska jsh hq;` jQ jD;a;suh yd iudchSh hq;`luz ksis
whqrska bgq lsrSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;a fjz' fuz wkqj b;d YS;h" b;d WIaKh" b;d ijih"
b;d Wfoah" b;d nv.sksh" b;d l`i msrefKah jYfhka i,ld fuz f,i ;ukaf.a j.lSuz meyer
yerSug mqoa.,hd fm<fUk nj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fys uekjska jsia;r lr ;sfnz' jsfYaIfhkau
iudchSh hq;`luz yd j.lSuz bgq lsrSfuys ,d ksr; jkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg ;ukaf.a is; ;`<
kefZ.k fuz w,i nj uy;a fia ndOd muqKqjhs' fuu w,i iajNdjh uev f.k ;ukaf.a hq;`luz
yd j.lSuz iudch fj; bgq l< yelafla is; ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh ukd f,i jrAOkh jS
135
we;a;d jQ mqoa.,fhl` yg muKh'
75

46. fuz wdlrhg fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk lreKq ifhys mqoa.,hd fhdojkq ,nk
fyda fhojSug .dul n,fjz.hla f,i l@shdlrkakd jQ us;`rka fkdj us;@ m@;srEmlhka jQ
mqo.,hka ih fofkl` ms,snZoj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys js.@y lrkq ,nhs' fudjqka us;`rka fkdj
us;@ m@;srEmlhka jkafka ienjskau i;`rka jqj;a us;`rkaf.a fmkqfuka hq;`j fmkS isgsk nejsks'
tnejska iDcqju t,smsgu i;`rka f,i fmkS isgsk msrsi fuka fkdj fudjqka myiqfjka yZ|=kd.;
fkdyels njo fmkajd oS ;sfnz' tnejska fudjqka yZ|=kd.; yelafla fudjqkagu isus; jQ huz huz
.;s ,CIK yeoErSfuka muKla fyhska ish,a,kaf.a hym; iZoyd fuu msrsif.a .;s ,CIK
isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys fuz wkaoug jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' 136
fuu us;@ m@;srEmlhkaf.a udkisl ugzgu wkqj Tjqka wZ[aZ[o;a;`yr" jpSmru"
wkqmamshNdKs yd wmdh iydhl kduhkaf.ka hq;`j m@fNao lr oela fjz' fuhska wZ[aZ[o;a:qyr
mqoa.,hdf.a .;s.`K jkqfha flfia fyda hula f.k hdu;a" gslla oS fndfyda leu;sjSu;a" jsm;a
nsh ksid weiqre lsrSu;a iy ;u jdish ;ld weiqre lsrSu;a fjz' fuu .;s.`K uZ.ska fmkakquz
lrkqfha wd;audrA:lduSFjhhs' wd;audrA:h we;sjkqfha wkqka .ek lsisfia;a fkdis;k ;ud .eku
muKla is;d lghq;` lrk wdl,am j,ska msreKQ is;e;s jsghs' fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys we;s
;eke;a;d flosklj;a fuz f,i wd;audrA:lduS wkaouska ;uka .eku muKla is;d wkqka .ek
fkdis;d lghq;` lrkafka ke;' ta ksid taldka; jYfhkau by; jsia;r lrk ,o |=rA.`K my<
jSfuz yelshdj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d fkdlrk ,o is;a we;a;d jQ mqo.,hka
yghs' fun|= mqoa.,hka wdY@h lrkakd yg;a fndajk frda.hla fuka tu woyiau ldjeoS h;ehs
hk wkqudkfhka funkaoka wdY@h fkdlrkakehs olajd ;sfnz' 137
us;@ m@;srEmlhka w;rska B <Z. fldgi f,i fmkajd oS we;s jpS mru
mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIK jkafka w;S;fhka ix.@y lsrSu;a" wkd.;fhka ix.@y lsrSu;a" ysia
oehska ix.@y lsrSu;a yd bosrsm;a lghq;af;ys nsh oelajSu;a hkdoshhs' ld,;@fhka ix.y
flfrkafka we;af;kau Wojz lsrSfuz we;s wjYH;djhla fkdue;s ksihs' ysia oefhka ix.@y lsrSu o
thg iudkh' lghq;a;la meusKsl, thg nsh oelajSu jkdyS tlS lghq;af;ka m<dhdug Wps;u
l@ufjzoh f,i fuu mqoa., fldgzGdYh jsiska f;dardf.k we;s yegshla fmfkkakg ;sfnz' fuz
ishZMu ,CIK uZ.ska m@lg jkafka ienjska u tu mqoa.,hd ;`< wkHhkayg Wojz lrkakg ksis
leue;a;la fkdue;s njhs' mqoa.,hka wkHhkayg Wojz lsrSu iZoyd fm<fUkafka ;uka;`<
wkHhka ms<snZoj ys;j;a njla fyda ffu;@S fpz;kdjla we;akuz muKh' ta wkqj fuu jpSmru
mqoa.,hka ;`< wkHhka ms<snZoj ffu;@S fpz;kdjla fkdue;s nj meyeos,sju fmfkakg ;sfnz' ta
ksid funZ|= fu;a;d ixl,am fkdue;s mqoa.,hka fiajkh lsrSu o wfhda.H f,i fuysoS olajd
;sfnk nj meyeos,sh'138
wdY@fhka wE;a l< hq;` jQ us;@ m@;srEmlhka w;rska f;jk fldgzGdYh f,i
olajd ;sfnkakd jQ wkqmamshNdKS mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIK jkafka fydZo foh fukau krl foh
76

47. o tlfia wkqu; lsrSu;a" bosrsmsg .`K yd ke;s ;ek fodia lSu;a fjz' fydZo foh fukau krl
foh o wkqu; lrkqfha ;u us;`rdf.a hym; msKsi hehs is;Sug fkdyelsh' ;ukaf.a us;`rdg
l`ul is|=jqk;a yqfola pdgqfjka Tyqj rjgd Tyqf.ka ,dN m@fhdck ,nd.ekSfuz wruqK fmroers
lrf.k fuz wdldrfhka l@shdlrk nj fmfkkag ;sfnz' fufia l@shdlrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh
fkdue;s ksid fyj;a oafjzI iy.; ksid nejz meyeos,s fjz' tfukau ys;j;a us;`rd kuz <Z. ke;s
jsg .`K;a" uqyqKg w.`K;a lsj hq;` jqj;a fuys oS wkqmamshNdKs mqoa.,hd l@shdlrkqfha fuhg
yd;amiska fjkia f,iska nejz ;yjqre fjz' fuhska o meyeos,s jkqfha ;ukaf.a us;`rd flfrys
oafjzI iy.; f,iska wkqmamshNdKs mqoa.,hd l@shdlrk njhs' fuz ish,af,ka u meyeos,s jkqfha
fujeks mqoa.,hka ;`< flfiaj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ms<snZo wkqud;@ fyda fmkakquz lsrSula
fkdue;s njhs' fujeks mqoa.,hka mius;`rka fyj;a i;`rka f,i i<ld wdY@fhka je<lS isgsk
f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhka Wmfoia ,ndfohs' 139
;ukaf.a jskdYh i,iajkakd jQ fyhska wdY@h lsrSug kqiq|=iq nejz olajd we;s B
<Z. mi us;`re fldgzGdYh jkqfha wmdh iydhl kuz us;@ m@;srEmlhdhs' fudyq wdY@h lsrSu ksid
wmdh.duS jSug iq|=iq mjzluz mqoa.,fhl` w;ska jSug bv we;s nejska fudyq wmdhg hEug iyh
jkakd jQ hk wF:!fhka wmdh iydhl hk kdufhka yeZoskafjz' fuu us;@ m@;srEmlhdf.a ,CIK
jkqfha ryfur mdkfhys ,d ;u us;`rdg iyh m< lsrSu;a" fkdl,ays jS:s ixprKfhys ;u
us;`rd W;aiyj;a lsrSu;a" kD;H orAYkhka iZoyd iyNd.S jSug ksrka;rfhka ;u us;`rd legsj
hdu;a" iQ|+ lSvdfjys ;u us;`rd fm<UjSu;a hk lreKq fjz' u;ameka yd u;a|@jH .ekSfuka TzkEu
mqoa.,fhlf.a mshejs isysh jslD; fjz' ;u us;`rdf.a mshjs isysh jslD;s lrjSug lghq;`
lrkafka wksjdrAhfhkau fu;a is;lska kuz fkdfjz' tf,i l@shd lrkafka ffjrS fyj;a jHdmdo
is;lsks' tnZ|= is;lska hqla; mqoa.,hd;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh we;ehs is;sh fkdyels tnejska funZ|=
mqoa.,hka |=re lrk f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fkdl,ays jSS:S ixprKfhka is|=jkqfha ;uka fkdlrk
,o foa flfrys mjd ksrka;rfhka ;ukaj iel lghq;` mqoa.,fhl` njg m;ajSuhs' ;ukaj funZ|=
;;ajhl huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` m;a lrjSu iZoyd ys;du;d l@shdlrkjdkuz tlS mqoa.,hd tlS
l@shdj lrkafka ys;j;a wdl,amhlska fkdj jHdmdo fpz;kdj fmroers lrf.k nj meyeos,s fjz'
tu ksid tnZ|= mqoa.,hka weiqre lsrSfuka j<lsk f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' 140
ksrka;rfhka kD;H orAYkhka kerUSu muKlau is|=lrk mqoa.,hd fiiq
idudcSh lghq;` j,oS miqng jSu wksjdrAhfhkau is|= fjz' fuz fya;`j ksid tnZ|= mqoa.,hd iudch
bosrsfha hq;`luz yd j.lSuz meyer yrsk ,o mqoa.,fhl` njg m;a jkqfha ksrdhdifhks' funZ|=
m@;sM, Wodlrjk ksrka;r kD;H orAYk kerUSfuys ,d huz flfkl` ;j wfhl` Wkka|= lrjkq
,efnz o Tyq hym;a us;@YS,S wdl,amh msysgd isg l@shdlr;shs is;sh fkdyel' fndfyda jsg tf,i
hful` l@shdlrkqfha W;aidyfhka jer jEhfuka wfkld oshqKq fj;shs hk BrAIHdj
fya;`fldgf.k wfkldj wffOrAhhg m;a fldg tlS ;eke;a;df.a oshqKqj lvdl,mam,a
lsrSfuys hgs wruqKQ fmroers lrf.kh' fuf,i l@shd;aul jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys
77

48. we;s fkdjk jHdmdoh flaJ|@ lr.;a is;lska nj meyeos,sj fmfkk ksid funZ|= mqoa.,hka wdY@h
msKsi fkd.; hq;` nj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h meyeos,s lrfohs'141
iQ|+j jkdyS mqoa.,hd msrsySu lrd f.khk m@Odk udrA.hla nejska tys ,d
hfula ;j;a huz flfkl` W;aiyj;a flfrA kuz taldka; jYfhkau th fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq
lrf.k is|= lrkakla fkdj jHdmdo fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k is|= lrkakd jQ wjevodhs jQjla
f,i fmkajd fokq ,nhs' funZ|= mqoa.,hka taldka; jYfhkau wkHhkaf.a msrsySu leue;af;ka
fujeks foa flfrys wkqka W;aiyj;a lrjSu olakg ,efnk nejska oshqKqj ,Z.d lr.kq leue;s
fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lrkq leue;a;ka jsiska fujeks mdm us;`rka fiajkh fkdl<
142
hq;` nejz fmkjd fokq ,nhs'
fujeks mqoa.,hkaf.ka wE;a jS lghq;` lrk w;r wdY@h msKsi .;yels hym;a
jQ us;`rka isjz fofkl` ms<snZoj o isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jS ;sfnz' fuu us;`rka isjz fokd
jkQfha Wmldrl us;@hd" iudk iqL |=laL us;@hd" wrA:LHdhs us;@hd" wkqluzml us;@hd hk us;`re
mqoa.,hka isjzfokd fjhs' fuz mqoa.,hka isjz fokd flfrys wjYH muKg fu;a;d ixl,amh
jrAOkh jS we;s nejska iudcuh ldrAhhkays ,d Wmldr .; yels" wdY@h ksid ;uka;`< o
fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hka isjz fofkl` nj meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz'143
iudcuh lghq;` j,oS ks;ru wkHhka iuZ. iyfhda.fhka ls@hd lsrSug is|=jSu
idudkH ;;ajhla jk w;r tlS lghq;` j, oS ks;ru flnZ|= ;;ajhla hgf;a jqj;a us;@YS,S
wdl,amhlska hq;`j lghq;` lsrSu w;HjYH fjhs' wfkla w;g fuu wdl,am jvd;a jevsmqr wjYH
jkqfha idudkH ukqIHhka w;rskq;a jvd jevsmqr iudc ldrAhhkays ksr;jkakd jQ mqoa.,hkagh'
fuu iudc ldrAhhka ,d ksr; jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd wkqka flfrA fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers
lrf.k lghq;` fkdlrkjd kuz tlS mqoa.,hdg tu i;a ldrAhhka os.gu lrf.k hdug
fkdyelsh' ukao iudc ldrAhhkays wxl tlg jefgkafka ishZM fokd iuZ.u us;@;ajfhka miqjSu
144
jk fyhsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh jSu fya;`fjka mqoa.,hd ,nkakd jQ prAhduh oshqKqj
jkqfha ishZM fokd iuZ.u us;@Fjfhka miqjSug wjYH lrk ;ruz iduQyslFjhla ish is;a
i;kays frdamK lr .ekSu yd ta wkqj l@shdlsrSug hqyqiqZM jSuhs'
funZ|= lreKq ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ish is;akays jvd;a jrAOkh l,d jQ ienE
us;`rkaf.a wjYH;djh u;` fjz' fiajkh l< hq;` mqoa.,fhl` f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys
ioykajk m<uq us;`rd f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha Wmldrl us;@hdhs' fudyqf.a ,CIK jkqfha m@udo
jQ us;`rd /lSu;a" m@udo us;`rdg wh;a jia;`j fom< iqrCIs; lsrSu;a" nshg m;a jQ us;@hdf.a nsh
myfldg Tyqg msysgjSu;a" us;@hdg wjYH;djhka meusKsl, jevs jevsfhka us, uqo,a fNda.
iuzm;a us;`rdyg ,nd oSu;a fjz' 145
78

49. fuys m@udo jQ us;`rd wdrCId lsrSu hkqfjka woyia jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh
jrAOkh js we;s mqoa.,hd wkHhkaf.a cSjs;h yd ksoyi ish osjs fofjks fldg is;d ls@hd lrk
njhs' iudc wdl,amhkays Wiia;u pska;k wjia:djla fuz ;`<ska m@ldYhg meusK ;sfnz' ;uka
iuia;fhys tla wx.hla nejska ;uka;`< iuia;h wka;rA.; jk nj i<ld ;uka o iuia;h o
tluh nZ|= wdl,amhlska hq;`j l@shd lsrSu fndaOsiFj m@;smodfjys m@uqL ,CIKhls' fuz wkqj
fndaaOsiFjjrhdg ;uka hkqfjka woyia jkafka iuia; iudcuhs' iuia; iudch flfrysu
;ukah hk yeZ.Su we;sj l@shdlrkakd jQ fndaOsiFjjrhd flfrys jrAOkh jS we;s fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys iajNdjh Wmudjlskq|= m@ldY lsrSug wmyiq ;rug th by< ia:dkhl jecfUz'
f,dj Wiai;u l<HdK us;`rka jkafka fuz wkqj nq|=jreka yd fndaOsiFjjrekah' mpzfpl
nq|=jreka yd wrAy;a Y@djlhka jykafia,d o l,HdK us;@hka jYfhka yZ|=kajd ;sfnz' iuia;
NsCIq iudcfhys idudcslhka l@shdlrkafka nq|=jrekaf.a yd fndaOsiFjjrekaf.a prAhdj
wdorAYhg f.k ksid n@yau prAhdj M,odhl jkafka us;@Fjh fmroers fldgf.k lghq;` lsrSu
u; nj wdkkao ysushka wu;d jrla nq|=r|=ka jsiska u iZoykalr ;sfnz' iuia; nqoaO Ydikh u
rZod mj;skafka o l,HdK us;@Fjh ksidu nj fuys oS nq|=r|=ka jsiska wdkkao ysushkag fmkajd oS
we;' 146
Wmldrl us;@hdf.a fojeks ,CIKh f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha m@udo jQ us;`rdg wh;a
jia;`j yd foafmd< iq/lSu fjz' wkHhka i;` jia;`j foafmd< flfrys ksrdYd we;sj l@shd lsrSu
fukau wkqka fjkqfjka Tjqka i;` foa iqrCIs; lsrSu hk ldrKh wkHhkaf.a foa fkd.ekSu hk
lreKg jvd by< ia:rhl msysgs idrOu! ixl,amhls' wjYHfhkau fuu idrOu! ixl,amh
nsysjkafka wkHhka flfrys iSudjka W.`,qjk mrsos fu;a jvd m,mqre|= mqoa.,fhl`gu muKh'
iSudjka W.`,qjk hkq wkHhka yd ;ud hk iSudjhs' fuu iSudjka wm jsiska wmf.a
wd;audrA:lduSFjh yd jHdmdo fpz;kdfjys m@n,Fjh u; wm jsiska u idod .kq ,enQ jHdc
147
iSudjka fjhs'
Wmldrl us;@hdf.a f;jeks ,CIKh jk nshg m;a jQ us;`rdf.a nsh myfldg
Tyqg msysgjSu hk lreK iDcqju fu;a;d ixl,amh hg;g .efka' nsh hkq oafjzI uQ,sl
wl`i,hls' wdfjzohka jYfhka fuu wdfjzokh iDKd;aul udkisl wdfjzokhla jYfhka
idudkHfhka ie,fla' fuu iDKd;aul udkisl wdfjzokhkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh jkqfha is;
mSvdjg m;afldg udkisl wd;;sh we;s lsrSuhs' yqfola ;u jqj o ;u is;g nsh we;s lr .ekSu
oafjzI uQ,slj is|= jkakla nj nq|= oyfuz jsia;r fldg ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS nshg
m@;smCI udkisl wdfjzokhhs' hful` ;u is;a i;kays ,d fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj m@.`K fldg
mj;skafka o ta ;eke;a;dg nsh kQmosk nj Ouzumofhys olajd ;sfnz' fuz wkqidrfhka hful`
fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj m@.`K fldg ;sfnzo ta mqoa.,hd ;u is;a i;kays ,d muKla fkdj
wkHhkaf.a is;a i;kays ,d o nsh mylsrSug iu;a jkafkl` nj fuz wkqj meyeos,s fjz' fuz khska
79

50. nsh mylsrSug Wmldrj;a jkakd jQ fuz us;@ mqoa., fldgzGdYh Wmldrl us;@hd nj fmkajd oS
148
;sfnz'
Wmldrl us;`rdf.a isjzjk ,CIKh f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys js.@y jkQfha
us;@hdg wjYH;djhka meusKsl, jevs jevsfhka us, uqo,a fNda. iuzm;a ,nd oSu hk lreKhs'
;uka ika;lfhys ;sfnkakd jQ huzlsis fohla ;j;a wfhl`g oSug kuz odk fpz;kdj ish is;a
i;kays ,d jrAOkh jS ;snsh hq;`uh' tfia fkdue;s ;eke;a;dyg fuf,i is|= lsrSu wmyiqh' odk
fpz;kdj jrAOkh jS ;snSug kuzz ish isf;ys f,daNh |=re fldg ;snsh hq;`h' f,daN fpz;kdj |=re
fkdl< ;eke;a;dyg odkh mqre|= l, fkdyel' f,daN fpz;kdj |=re l,;a fok mqoa.,hd ms<snZo
ffu;@sh isf;ys msysgd fkd;sfnz kuz tjsg o odkh ksis whqrska idrA:l lr .; fkdyel' fuz
ksid f,daNh |=re lsrSug;a jvd wjYH jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lr.ekSu nj
fuz wkqj meyeos,sh' fndaOsiuzNdr mqrk fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia,d |=la jsZosk wmuK iFjhka
flfrys m;, ffu;@sfhka iirg msjsi mdrus;djka iuzmQrAK lrkqfha o m@Odk fldgu ish is;a
i;kays,d jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ wm@udK fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjh ksiduh' fuzz ksidu
m@Odk jYfhka u l,HdK us;`rka jkqfha o nq|=jrhkajykafia,d yd nq|=jrhkajykafia,df.a
149
prAhdj wkq.ukh lrk Y@djl ix>r;akh fj;a'
wdY@h l<hq;` jQ fojk us;`rd f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fha olajd ;sfnkqfha iudk
iqL |=laL us;@hdh' fudyq yeZosk .kakd ,CIK i;rla isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnz' tajd
kuz ryia lSu yd ryia /lSu;a" jsmf;ys oS w;a fkdyerSu;a" lreKla meusKs l, ;u cSjs;h
jqjo mQcdfldg ;u us;`rd /l .kakd nj;a hk lreKq i;rhs' fuu kuskau weZ.fjk mrsos
fuu mqoa.,hd jQ l,S iqj |=la foflysu iudk ;;ajhlska ;u us;`rdj weiqre lrk mqoa.,hd fuz
kuska oela fjz'150
iudk iqL |=laL us;`rdf.a m<uq ,CIKh f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha ryia lSuhs'
fuhska woyia jkqfha ;u us;`rdf.a |=rAj,;d ms<snZoj ;uka okakd fyda iudcfhys m@p,s;j we;s
kuq;a ;u us;`rd fkdokakd jQ Tyqf.a wvqmdvq |=rAj,;d ms<snZoj Tyqj oekqj;a lsrSuhs' ;ukaf.a
mqoa., wNHka;rh ;u us;`rdg fydZoska t<s fmfy<s lsrSu o ;ukaf.a us;@Fjh lsis|= weo mZMoaola
fkdue;s j. ;u us;`rdgu ;yjqre jk ldrKhls' fuhska weZ.fjkqfha ;uka ;u us;`rd jsIfhys
lsis|= l`yl yd jxpksl iajNdjhlska lghq;` fkdlrk iajNdjhhs' ryialSu hkqfjka woyia
jkafka fuhhs' NsCIQka jykafia,d jsIfhys kuz weje;a foiSuz wdosfhys oS is|= lrkafka ;ud w;ska
lvjqkq jskh YsCIdjka ms<snZoj ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuhs' fuys oS tla;rd |=rlg ;uka muKla
okakd ;u jro iuQyhd bosrsfhys lsula is|= flfrkafka ta ;`,ska miqj tu mqoa.,hd wod< jroska
usoSug tu lSu fya;`jk nejsks' by; ryia lSfuys oS is|= jkqfha o ;u mqoa., wNHka;rh ;u
us;`rdg fy,s lsrSu jk nejska tys fkdfhla jeros wvq,qyqvqluz us;`rdg oek .; yels jkjd
80

51. muKla fkdj we;euz jsg tajd ksjeros lr.ekSu mssKsi fydZo msgsjy,la o us;`rdf.ka
151
,efnkakg mqZMjk'
fuu ldrKh iuzmQrAKfhka u mdfya fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lrf.k
is|=jkakd jQ l@shdj,shla nejska wfkdakH jsYajdih fuz neZoS mej;sh hq;`h' ;uka ;ukaf.a us;`rdj
fkdrjgkafka us;`rd flfrys us;@YS,S wdl,amhlskahq;`j l@shdlrk nejska hehs us;`rdg ta;a;` hd
hq;`h' thg fydZou l@uh jkqfha ;uka ms<snZo f;dr;`re ;ud us;`rd yd fkdj,yd mejiSuhs'
;uka ms<snZo f;dr;`re jsYajdiodhS fkdjk l@shd udrA. uZ.ska us;`rd w;g m;ajSug jvd ;udu
tajd us;`rd yd mejiSu ksid us;`enj iq/flk w;r tu mjik mqoa.,hd flfrys b;d jsYd,
us;@YS,S yeZ.Sula o us;`rd we;s lr.kshs' mqoa., fukau iudcuh l@shdldrSFjfh oS fuu l@shdoduh
152
b;du;a jeo.;a jk ldrKhls'
iajdus - fiajl" iajdusmqreI - NdrAhd" |+ ore - ujzmsh" .Dyia: - m@jDcs;"
.`re - YsIH" us;`re - us;`re" hk uQ<sl iudc ixia:d ih ;`, wfkHdakH hq;`luz yd j.lSuz
iajrEmfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh we;s fkdfjz kuz fujeks iudc
iuznJO;d jsOsu;a whqrska f.dv kefZ.kafka ke;' udkqIsl iuznJO;djhka f.dvkeZ.sh hq;af;a
yqfola hdka;@sl fyda ffk;sl iajrEmfhka fkdfjz' tys wfkdakH jYfhka iduQyslnjla"
iqyoFjhla" ysff;ISnjla" iqjodhsnjla" iqrCIs;;djhla mej;sh hq;`uh' ishZM ffcj m@cdj jQ
l,S wjYHfhkau iduQysl cSjk rgdj m@shlrkafkda fj;s' ffcj m@cdjf.a fulS iduQyslFjh
f.dv kefZ.kafka fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol jSfuks' 153
ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh ksid usksid huz huz iudcuh rduq ilidf.k Bg
wkq.;j udkj ksoyi ta ;`< Tnznjkakg ;e;a lsrSu fya;`fjka usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys we;euz
ld, jljdkqj, oS udkj iudcfhys iduQysl meje;aug nrm;, ;rAck t,a,jS we;' l`,h"
Okh" n,h" ks,h jeks lreKq ksrAudKjdoS pska;khg f;da;ekakla iemhSu fya;`fjka usksia
YsIaGdpdrh ukqIHFjfhka fndfyda fihskau |=ria;r lrjSh' 154
fu;a;d ixl,amh yd jsY`oaOs udrA.h
( Metta Concept & Visuddhimaggo )
fu;a;d ixla,mh ms<snZoj w;sYhskau mqZM,a wdldrfhka idlpzPdjg n|=ka jk
ia:dkhla kuz jsY`oaOs udrA.hhs' tys idlpzPdjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh yZ|=kd .ekSu
uZ.ska mQrAK jYfhka md,s ;@smsglh ;`< fu;a;d ixla,mfhys kshudldr ijrEmh idlpzPdjg
nZ|=ka l<dla fuka jQ w;sYhskau mqZM,a wjfndaOhla ,ensh yelsh' fu;a;d Ndjkdj m<uq fldg
jvkakd jsiska fkdjevsh hq;` mqoa.,hka ms<snZoj jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=kaj ;sfnz'
fuhska m<uq jekak jkqfha ,sx. jYfhka jsreoaO jQjka flfrys m<uq fldg ffu;@sh fkdjevSuhs'
81

52. fuhg fya;`j f,i jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uq fldg ,sx. jYfhka ;ukag
jsiNd.hkag ffu;@s jevSu ksid ffu;@S iajrEmfhka rd.h ish isf;ys jrAOkh jk njhs'
rd.fhys iajNdjh o wruqfKys uq,dfjka neZoS is; mskd hduhs' m<uq ldg ;ukag m@sh jQ ,sx.
jsiNd.fhla wruqKq fldg ffu;@S jvkakg hdfuz oS fhda.djprdf.a m@udohlska is; wruqfKka
bj;a jS is;g wdfjzKsl iyc wruqK jQ rd.h foig keuS hd yels nejsks' tjsg is; rd.h
wdYajdo jYfhka ;nd .kakd w;r ffu;@sh hehs Bg uq<djk fhda.djprhd ffu;@sh jvkafka
hehs hk is;`js,af,ka rd.h jO!kh lr.kakg bv we;s nejska m<uq fldgu mqyqKq jkakd jQ
fhda.djprhkayg ish uQ,sl Ndjkd wruqK ;SrKh lsrSfuz oS thg ,sx. jsiNd.hka fyj;a
;ukag m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.slhka f;dard fkd.; hq;` nj wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz'155 m<uqj fu;a;d
ixl,amh jrAOkh msKsi ,sx.sl jsiNd.hka f;dard fkd.kafka jsreoaO ,sx.sl wdfjz.hka uZ.ska
yg.efkk m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.sl rd.sl ixl,amhka tys mj;sk fjz.j;a ijrEmh ksid fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys uD|= iajNdjh hgm;a fldgf.k m@cdkk l@shdldrSFjhg ndOd we;slrjk
ijrEmfhka jHdma; jsh yels fyhsks' rd.sl ixl,am uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh urAOkh lr
hgm;a lr oeuSug we;s bv lv jevs nejska wdruzNl mshjfrysoS jsreoaO ,sx.slhka wruqKq lr
fkd.kakd f,i Wmfoia oS we;'
fuhg ksorAYk jYfhka tla;rd l:d mqj;lao jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys iZoyka fjz'
tkuz tla;rd wud;Hjrfhla ;ukaf.a l`ZMm. NsCIqjla jQ ry;ka jykafia kul fj;ska ffu;@S
Ndjkd jvk wdldrh ms<snZoj Ndjkduh Wmfoia ,nd .;af;ah' weu;sjrhdf.a prs; iajNdjh
mss<snZoj nqoaO fCI;@hg wh;a Z{dk m@fNaohla jQ wdihdkqih Z{dkh fkd;snQ ry;ka jykafia
m<uq fldgu Ndjkdj l@shd;aul l< hq;af;a ;ukag m@sh mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg nj mejiQ
fial' ta wdud;Hjrhdg b;du m@sh jkafka ;udf.a nsrsZo nejska NsCIqka jykafia ku fj;ska
,nd.kakd ,o Ndjkd Wmfoia wkqj ;ukag m@sh jQ nsrsZo wruqKq fldg wehg ffu;@sh jvushs is;d
Ndjkdj wrUd ffu;@sh fjkqjg rd.hu jrAOkh lrkakg jsKs' rd.h jrAOh j;au rd.fhys
ksirA. iajNdjh jk mqoa.,hdf.a jspdrmQrAjl Ndjh m<dhdu;a ta fjkqjg rd. wruqK flfia
fyda bgq lr.ekSu msKsi mqoa.,hd fufyhjSu;a fuysoS o is|= jsh' ta wkqj iajlSh rd.h ixisZojd
.ekSu iZoyd iajlSh nsrsZo fj; hdu msKsi;a weh yd tlajSu msKsi;a iajlSh .; is; folu
w;sYhskau mSvdjg m;ajk mrsoafoka m@cdkk yd prAhduh mCIfhka uy;a mrsY@uhla .;af;a
156
rd.fhys wdoSkjh olajusks'
ffu;@sh jevqj;a wm!Kd jYfhka fyda Wmpdr jYfhka is; iudOs ;;ajfhka
Wiia ;,hla lrd fkdmeuskSug fya;`jla jYfhka jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r jkakd jQ lreKla
jkqfha u<jqka flfrys ffu;@s jevSuhs' fya;`j u<jqka ;j |=rg;a kdusl m@Z{ma;s jYhka
ie,flkjd jskd ffcj f,dalh ;`, jsoHudk i;aFjhka fkdjSu ksid u<jqka flfrys fu;a is;
jevSu m@;sM, odhl fkdfjz' fuhska fmkS hk ;j;a lreKla jkqfha ;uka lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`
82

53. wruqK lr ffu;@s jevSfuz oS ;ukaf.a ps;a; fjz.hla ndysr wkH mqoa.,hkaf.a ps;a; fjz.hka yd
iuznJO jSfuz m@jK;djla fuz uZ.ska jsoHudk jk njhs'`157
fujeks ;;ajhla fkd;sfnkafka kuz lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`g ;uka ffu;@S Ndjkdjg
wruqKq lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd ush .sh nj ;uka wjxlju fkdoek isgskafka kuz ;ukaf.a Ndjkdj
yqfola ;ukagu muKla iSud jQ ;;ajhla kuz ;uka Ndjkdj ;`<ska Wmojd .kq ,nkakd jQ
wm!Kd Wmpdr ;;ajhka ;;ajhka yqfola Ndjkdfjys oshqKqj u;u hk idOlh Tiafia
l@shd;aul jk fohla kuz ;uka wruqKq lrk mqoa.,hd ushf.dia isgsk mqoa.,fhlah fyda cSj;aj
isgsk mqoa.,fhl`h lshd fjkila we;s jsh fkdyel' tnZ|= fjkila we;s jsh yelafla u<
mqoa.,hdf.a fyda cSjudk mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka Ndjkdj lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd Wmojd .kq
wm!Kd fyd Wmpdr ;;ajhkag n,mdkq ,nk nejska jsh hq;`h' fuys oS Ndjkdkqfhda.shdf.a ps;a;
fjz.hka yd tla jSu msKsi u< mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hla fkdue;s nejska wm!Kd yd Wmpdr
iudOSka fkd Wmosk w;r cSjudk mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka Ndjkdkqfhda.shdf.a ps;a;
fjz.hka yd tald;ausl jSug wjldY ie,fik nejska u iFj ksus;a;la jQ ffu;@S ksus;a; lrK
fldg wm!Kd Wmpdr iudOSka msysghs'158 flfia fyda fuu ;;ajhka jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r lr
fkdue;s w;r th m@fjzYfuka wOHhkh lrkafkl`g fuz nejz ukdj meyeos,s fjz' ffu;@S Ndjkd
jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg ndysr cSjS fyda wcSjS foa uZ.ska lsis|= ysxidjla fkdfjk nejz iZoyka lr
;snSu uZ.ska fy<s jkqfha mqoa.,hd ;`< jO!kh lrkakd jQ ffu;@S Ndjkdjg tkuz fu;a iy.;
is;`js,s oyrdjkag ndysr cSjS fyda wcSjS jia;~ka flfrys lskuz wdldrhl fyda n,mEula l< yels
njhs' fuz n,mEu hkqfjka woyia jkafka ndysr jia;~ka iuZ. is;ska iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d
.ekSuhs' fuz iuznJO;d fpz;kd;aul jYfhka fukau fN#;sl jYfhka o Ndjdkdkqfhda.shd lrd
hym;a m@;sM, <Z.d lrfok iajNdjhla .kakd nj fmfka' 159
jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys u< mqoa.,hka flfrys ffu;@S Ndjkd jevSfuka wm!Kd fyda
Wmpdr iudOSka Wmojd .; fkdyels njg oelafjk l:d mqj;la iZoyka fjz' tla kjl NsCIQka
jykaia kul jsiska ish wdpdrAhjrhd flfrys ffu;@S Ndjkd jevqfjzh' tfy;a tu NsCIqka
jykafia yg ffu;@S Ndjkdfjka wm!Kd fyda Wmpdr iudOSka Wmojd .; fkdyels fjz' fy;u
uy f;reka lrd f.dia ;ukayg ffu;@S OHdk iuzm;a;sh uekjska m@.`K uq;a thg iujoskakg
fkdyelsh thg lreKq l`ulaoehs jsuiQ l, uyf;reka mjikafka ffu;@S Ndjkdjg wruqKq l<
ksus;a; cSj;aj isgskafkaoehs msrslaid n,k f,ihs' ta wkqj msrslaid ne,Q l, meyeos,s jQfha ffu;@S
Ndjkdjg wruqKq l< ish wdpdrAhjrhd wmj;a jS we;s njhs' bka miqj fjk ksus;a;la f.k th
wruqKq jYfhka f.k ffu;@S Ndjkdj jvd wm!Kd ;;ajfhka OHdk iudm;a;s Wmojd is;
iudOs.; lr.ekSug mqZMjka lu ,enSh'160 jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys oelafjk wdldrhg ffu;@S
Ndjkdj jevSu fya;`fjka mqoa.,fhl` ,nkakd jQ wdksixi tfldf<dila o tysu olajd ;sfnz'
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh jSu ksid m@cdkkh fCIa;@h muKla fkdj thska ,nk moku
prAhdfjys we;s lrjk iqjsYd, n,mEu o fuhska ukdj iksorAYkh fjz' tmuKla fkdj nq|=
83

54. oyu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .eUqre ufkda jsoHd;aul jsYaf,aIKh fuz ;`<ska meyeos,sju jsYo
lrjSug o iu;a jS ;sfnz' tajd kuz fuz whqrska oelajsh yelsh' fuhska iqLx iqm;s hkafkka iqjfia
;s
ksos ,nk nj o iqLx mgsnqcACO;s hkafkka iqj fia kskafoka wjosjk nj o k mdmlx iqmskx
O;
miai;s hkafkka kmqre isysk fkdolsk nj o ukqiaidkx msfhd fyd;s hkafkka usksiqkag m@shjk
;
nj o wukqiaidkx msfhd fyd;s hkafkka wukqIHhskag m@shjk nj o foaj;d rlaLka;s hkqfjka
fyd;s
fojshka jsiska rlskq ,nk nj o kdiai w.a.s jd jsix jd iF:x jd lu;s hkafkka .sks ji jsI
lu;s
j,ska wk;`re fkdjk nj o ;`jgzgx ps;a;x iudOsh;s hkafkka jyd is; iudOs .;jk nj o uqL
;
jKafKda jsmamiSo; hkafkka uqyqK m@sh ukdm jk nj o W;a;rsx wmamgsjscACOkaf;d
;s W;a ;d
n@yauf,dl~mf.d fyd;s wrAy;aM,h ,enSug wjldY uZo jqjfyd;a wksjdrAhfhkau urkska u;`
f,dl~
n@yau f,dj Wm;a;sh ,nk nj o olajd ;sfnz' fujeks lreKq uZ.ska meyeos,s jkqfha fu;a;d
ixl,amh m@cdkkh uZ.ska mqoa.,hd ,nkakd jQ udkisl" YdrSrsl" iudchSh yd fty f,#lsl
oshqKqjhs' th lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` iudch ;`< yeisrSfuzoS tu mqoa.,hdf.a prAhd rgdj
wkHhkaf.a m@idoh we;s jk whqrska ilia lsrSu wrNhd b;du;a jsYd, Okd;aul Wmia:uzNkhla
,nd fok nj meyeos,sju fmfkkkg ;sfnz' fuu ;;ajh lsishuz mqoa.,fhla wfmaCId lrkakd jQ
iEu lreKla mdidu jsyso me;sr mej;Su fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mqZM,a iajNdjh fudkjg m@lg
lrjhs'
84