Over 500 coaches from around the world attended the WORLD CLASS COACHING International Coaching Seminar in Kansas City. The seminar featured sessions led by influential coaches from clubs like West Ham United, Ajax, and SMU. Tony Carr from West Ham conducted sessions on their youth development and combination plays. Jan Pruijn from Ajax discussed their small-sided games and technical training. Schellas Hyndman from SMU held sessions on tactics for the 4-4-2 formation and improving the speed of play. Wayne Harrison also presented on his "Soccer Awareness" coaching methods. The seminar provided coaches opportunities to learn from top coaches through practical coaching sessions.

1. F r e e E m a i l N e w s l e t t e r a t w o r l d c l a s s c o a c h i n g . c o m
Published for the world’s most innovative soccer coaches
International Coaching
Seminar Journal
Kansas City, February 9 - 11

2. WORLD CLASS COACHING
International Coaching Seminar
Kansas City, February 9 – 11, 2007
Over 500 coaches from 42 different states as well as Canada, France, England and the
Caribbean attended the WORLD CLASS COACHING International Coaching Seminar at the
Arrowhead stadium indoor facility making it the most widely attended soccer seminar in the
region.
The International Coaching Seminar provided club, high school and college soccer coaches with
an opportunity to learn from some of the most influential coaches in the world. The quality of
sessions was excellent and many attendees said it was the best coaching seminar they have
ever attended.
Tony Carr, the Academy Director of West Ham United conducted three sessions showing the
"West Ham Way" that included an attention to detail on ensuring good technique is in place to
allow tactics to be put into action. Jan Pruijn showed how the famous Dutch club Ajax develop
their players with small-sided games. Schellas Hyndman of SMU was a master clinician
demonstrating how to defend and attack with a 4-4-2 formation. Wayne Harrison put on a great
session demonstrating his "Awareness" coaching methods that have made him a best selling
author.
The clinicians conducted 12 sessions over the weekend. Everything was covered from technical,
functional all the way up to 11 v 11 tactical sessions. Some of the sessions took a look at how
the Dutch and EPL clubs develop their youth players. Other sessions focused on the 4-4-2
formation. This journal includes the notes of all the sessions from this seminar.
Notes of the sessions kindly provided by Ozzie White, Ankeny Soccer Club, IA.
Published by
WORLD CLASS COACHING
15004 Buena Vista Drive, Leawood, KS 66224
© WORLD CLASS COACHING 2007
2

3. Tony Carr
West Ham’s Youth Academy Director Tony Carr, is the driving force behind the club’s hugely
successful youth policy and has spent almost 30 years with West Ham. He is responsible
for bringing the likes of Joe Cole, Rio Ferdinand Frank Lampard, Jermain Defoe and Michael
Carrick through the ranks (all play regularly for the England National Team). As well as bring-
ing through the cream of London’s youth players to top flight prominence Carr’s players have
raised well in excess of $70m for the Club in transfer fees - an astonishing figure, and with the
exception of TV revenue, is the source of the club’s biggest income in the last three years.
Jan Pruijn
Jan Pruijn recently served as the head of the AJAX Amsterdam International Youth Develop-
ment. In this position, he traveled throughout the world to discover the most talented soccer
players in each country he visited. He was responsible for the final set-up and structure in
the “ AJAX-way ” for their branches in South Africa, Ghana, and Belgium. After he left this
job he was a consultant and clinician that brought him to Japan, Urawa Reds, China, CFA,
Shanghai Spain, Real Sociedad, Portugal , FC Porto, Switzerland, FC Basel, and England.
He has a full coaching badge from the Royal Dutch Soccer Federation (KNVB). Pruijn has
had successful coaching careers with NEC, Helmond Sport, The Royal Dutch Soccer Federa-
tion (KNVB), Lebanon F.A. National Youth Team, Al Ain Club (UAE) and most recently, A.F.C.
AJAX.
Schellas Hyndman
Longevity in coaching is rare and to be consistently successful is even more amazing. As he
enters his 23rd season in fall, 2006 as SMU’s head coach, Schellas Hyndman has earned
the respect of his coaching peers on the national level. Since taking over the SMU soccer
program in 1984, Hyndman has produced a winning season each year. According to NCAA
statistics at the conclusion of the 2005 season, his winning percentage (.772) ranks second
among active Division I head men’s soccer coaches. His 435 victories also rank him second
among active men’s Division I soccer coaches. Hyndman was the NSCAA President in 2005.
Wayne Harrison
Wayne Harrison of Soccer Awareness Harrison has a wealth of knowledge at the highest lev-
els of the game both as a player and coach. A former Academy Director at Blackpool F.C. in
the English 2nd Division, he is now a “best-selling” author and presents at coaching sympo-
siums worldwide including at the NSCAA Convention. Harrison holds the prestigious UEFA ‘A’
License as well as a bachelors degree in applied physiology and sports psychology. Several
of his books are currently in print through Reedswain and WORLD CLASS COACHING and
are recommended reading at coaching courses worldwide including the English PFA.
CLINICIANS
3

4. WWOORRLLDD CCLLAASSSS CCOOAACCHHIINNGG
IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall CCooaacchhiinngg SSeemmiinnaarr
Kansas City, February 9 – 11, 2007
Friday February 9th
4.00 pm - 5.30 pm Registration and Exhibit Booths
5.30 pm - 6.30 pm Jan Pruijn – “The Ajax Way” – Small-Sided Games
6.45 pm - 7.45 pm Schellas Hyndman – Attacking in a 4-4-2
8.00 pm Social at the Clarion Hotel Ballroom (free beer)
Saturday February 10th
8.30 am - 9.30 am Tony Carr – “The West Ham Way” - Counter-Attacking At Speed
9.45 am - 10.45 am Jan Pruijn – “The Ajax Way” – Build Up To Attack
11.00 am – 12.00 pm Q&A Forum – A Look at EPL and Dutch Youth Academies
12.00 pm – 12.45 pm Lunch
12.45 pm – 1.45 pm Schellas Hyndman – Defending in a 4-4-2 (Part 1)
2.00 pm – 3.00 pm Schellas Hyndman – Defending in a 4-4-2 (Part 2)
3.30 pm – 4.30 pm Wayne Harrison – Coaching ”Soccer Awareness”
4.45 pm – 5.45 pm Jan Pruijn – “The Ajax Way” – Technical & Possession Training
Sunday February 11th
8.30 am - 9.30 am Tony Carr – “The West Ham Way” - Creative Forward Movement
9.45 am – 10.45 am Tony Carr – “The West Ham Way” - Coaching Combination Plays
11.00 am - 12.00 pm Schellas Hyndman – Improving Speed of Play
4

5. Tony Carr – “The West Ham Way”
Combination Plays
Exercise #1
a. Coaching Points
i. Ideally, play it first time
ii. Show on an angle
iii. Timing
iv. Distance
2. Progression – Play around the corner
5

6. Exercise #2
a. Coaching Points
i. Role ball with the outside of the foot
1. Get your body outside the line of the ball
3. Progression – Dummy and Spin
Exercise #3
6

7. a. Coaching Points
i. Spin out – Don’t run straight to the target – Angle off the player you are
supporting
ii. Be dynamic
iii. Let him believe you are going to play it to wrong foot him
iv. Use the marker as a defender
v. You don’t know what your teammate is going to do – All players must be
tuned into what might happen
vi. Accuracy of the pass
vii. Call sign for the dummy – Jacks
4. Progression – If the defender doesn’t come with you, turn – Wall pass around the
dummy
Exercise #4
a. Coaching Points
i. Back-foot turn
ii. Wall-Pass: Get parallel to the dummy
iii. Execute as quickly as your skills allow
iv. Have a little run with it first
5. Progression – Bypass the first striker – clip it into the 2nd
striker
7

8. Exercise #5
a. Coaching Points
i. Never kick a dead ball – get it out of your feet first
ii. Use appropriate surface when you receive it
iii. First Attacker – drag the defender out
iv. Passer – get the ball to the 2nd
striker without the ball bouncing first
6. Progression – Let the players decide what decision to make
a. Coaching Points
i. Verbal Communication
ii. If you don’t make the angle, can’t use you
7. New Exercise – 2 vs. 2 with a GK
8

9. Exercise #6
a. Organization (use a combination of moves)
i. Play into the striker
ii. Turn around the corner
iii. Score Goals
iv. Dummy
v. Hit 2nd
attacker
b. Coaching Points
i. Nearest to the ball is the first striker
ii. Never kick a dead ball – move the ball first
iii. Don’t stop the ball – you’ll lose the element of surprise
iv. Angle of approach – show on a slight angle
v. Jacks
vi. If the ball gets set by the first striker, play the ball into the 2nd
striker
vii. Communication
viii. As the ball gets set by the 2nd
striker, the 1st
striker must run across him
ix. Shoot if you have the opportunity
x. Improvise
xi. If the road is blocked into the 2nd
striker, play it wide and prepare for a
cross
xii. Don’t take the easy option, try to make something happen
xiii. 2nd
striker communicate with the 1st
striker
xiv. Opposite Midfielder – run to the far post
xv. Pace of the pass – firm so its less easy to read
9

10. Tony Carr – “The West Ham Way”
Counter-Attacking
Exercise #1
a. Coaching Points
i. Chasing Player – Really try to stop him scoring
ii. GK – if the forward pushes it out to far – come and smother it
iii. If you don’t score – make the keeper make a save
2. Progression – Intercept the pass and go for goal
10

11. a. Coaching Points
i. Your first touch should be into the heart of the defense
ii. Pinch it
iii. Don’t take your first touch towards the defender
1. Take your first touch back across your body and away from the
defender
b. Restriction – Attacking player has a maximum of 3 touches to score
i. Coaching Points
1. Change of Pace to lose the chasing defender
2. Protect the ball with your first touch
3. Take your first
3. Progression – 3 v 3 and intercepting player
a. Coaching Points
i. After you intercept the ball – your first touch should be a pass into the
striker
ii. Striker use intercepting player as support or turn the ball around the
corner
iii. Counter Attack – play quick, fast, and direct
1. Don’t have two touches
2. Exploit the supremacy of numbers quickly
11

12. 3 v. 3 +1 – Two Targets, Two GKs
Organization
1. Players in the box must touch the ball before playing into the striker
2. As the ball gets played into the striker, 2 attacking players can join into the attack
3. If the defending team intercepts, they should counter attack right away.
12

13. Tony Carr – “The West Ham Way”
Coaching Combinations Plays
1. Exercise #1
a. Players in pairs – one with a ball, one without a ball; two touch – on the left you
work your left foot, on the right, you work your right –
b. Coaching Points
i. Stay in your channel
ii. The more confident you get, push the ball further
iii. Play the ball with your back foot – the foot furthest away from the ball
1. Why? Can turn, play forwards – without having to adjust your
body
iv. Pick up the pace
v. Control and Push
vi. Receiver, don’t get beyond the ball
vii. Change of pace when you receive it – then push
c. Progression – one touch
i. Coaching Points
1. Players don’t break your stride
2. Problems – accuracy of the pass
3. Push it firmer as you run faster
13

14. d. Progression – Receiver - With first touch, bring the ball into the channel, overlap
-
i. Coaching Points
1. Untangle your feet
2. First touch is out of your feet into space
3. One foot take, the other foot pass
4. Sharp – beyond walking pace
5. As you go around the back of your partner – let him know you
are coming
a. Tell him when you are ready to receive it and ready to
release it – “Hold it,…yes
14

15. e. Progression: In threes – wherever you pass, get around the back of the player
(Weave)
1. Sharp
2. Stretch your partner
3. Need for Accuracy
4. Timing
5. Receive on Back Foot
15

16. f. Progression: In threes (Triangle)
i. Coaching Points
1. If the player on the ball is facing you, support him
2. Point stand slightly on the half turn
3. Hit the space rather than the player
4. Verbal Communication
5. You can also run on a diagonal behind the target rather than in a
straight line
6. Point in the Triangle
a. Be on the Half Turn so you can see the defender (Target
player – body shape)
b. The reason you set a ball is to drag a defender out
c. Target – show on a slight angle to create space for the
third man running
16

17. g. Progression: play it square, run around the back, set, runner
i. Keep distance
ii. Communication
h. Progression: Add three defenders – First pass is square, 2nd
pass you have
options, but the goal is to get the ball into the target
i. Try to play every pass below head height to promote control and
accuracy
ii. Key is to get the ball in between the two opposition
iii. You can make anything happen in threes if you have depth
iv. Coaching Points
1. If the defender is on the target’s left shoulder, pass it away from
the defender - away from the defender; makes the target come
off at an angle
2. The reason you play a ball square is to draw in a defender
3. If you have the ability play into the target with the first pass
4. Give ownership of the practice to the players – Don’t be
prescriptive
5. Once the ball goes into the target, that is the trigger for support
and runners to get beyond the target
17

18. i. Progression: 4 vs. 4 with 5 yard end zone
i. With four players you are trying to achieve a triangle of three
ii. Coaching Point
1. Be as creative as you can in trying to get to an end zone
2. Must always have a target (rotation)
3. Improvisation
iii. Rule: If one of your team sets the ball back, another player must run
forward
1. This will give you a target or
2. Open up space for the player on the ball to drive into
iv. Coaching Point
1. Target Player
a. Come off at an angle to make an angle to pass for a
player on the ball
18

19. Schellas Hyndman – Improving Speed of Play
Exercise #1
- Organization
o 3 v. 3 +3
o Two-touch: The team that loses possession is the defending team
- Coaching Points
o Quality of the Pass
o Support
o Check/Look
o Take your first touch out of pressure
o Don’t kill the ball with your first touch
o Accuracy of the Pass
o Quality first touch to prepare you for your second touch
- Progression: Can’t pass the ball back where it came from
o Coaching Points
Keep possession
Quality of the pass
Quality first touch
Settle down a little bit
Don’t show for the ball without an idea of where you want to go next
- Progression: You cannot pass to one of your teammates
19

20. - Coaching Points
o As the ball travels, fix your shape
o Think a couple steps in advance
o Communication – Verbal
- Progression: One touch
- Coaching Points
o Think ahead of the game
o Body shape
Add targets on the end
- Progression – Add Direction with target players at each end
- Coaching Points
o Speed of play: Go quick
o Body shape
o Movement off the ball
o Quality of pass
o First touch
o Support teammate early
o Maintain distance so that one defender cannot cover 2 attackers
o Don’t show on a straight line; Show on an angle
o Use your intelligence from movement #1 to movement #2 so that you can
face in the right direction
o Jam – Make a decision and act
20

21. Add in goals, target players and GKs
- Coaching Points
o Shape
o Speed of play
o Show on an angle
o Expect the release from the GK
o Take your first touch in the direction that you want to go.
o Ball from GK – defender – spin and curve your run to go forwards with the
ball.
21

22. Schellas Hyndman – Attacking in a 4-4-2
Strengths of Attacking in the 4-4-2
- This system is a mirror image – Whatever you teach on the left, you can also teach on
the right
- If one fullback pushes forward – you still maintain a defensive integrity with three in the
back
- While playing out of the back in the 4 – 4- 2 is that you always have support in midfield
- Flank Play - Can develop combinations to create problems for the opposition – i.e.
Overlap
- Midfield
o Four midfielders can face the oppositions goal
o Allows for creativity and evolution within the system
Diamond
Box Midfield
Small Diamond to create space for attacking oriented fullbacks
- Characteristics of Central Midfielders
o Attacking Midfielder – penetrate, good passer (motor genius)
o Defending Midfielder – good ball winner – athletic, strong into tackles and strong
in the air (talent hunter)
- Strikers
o Lots of room to play – Can survive on athleticism rather than technical ability
o Can use striker as a target player
Characteristics of a target Player
• Big strong player – good with back to goal
• an complement the other striker
22

23. Exercise #1 - Playing Out of the Back 4 v. 2
- Organization: 4 vs. 2: Play starts with a strike from A1 or A2. The four defenders go
from defending to opening up to receive from the GK.
- Coaching Points:
o Umbrella, make it compact as the shot is taken
Goalkeeper Has the Ball
:
23

24. - Full Backs
o Open up
o Always keep your eyes on the GK
o Take your first touch out of your feet and forwards
o Fix your body shape so that you can also see forwards
Center Back Has the Ball
- As the ball gets played to the Left Back, Closest Center Back must rotate to give support
at an angle (Create Depth)
- Goalkeeper can be used to play out of the back as well
- Other center back can push forwards to give GK angle to play out of the back
Left Back (E1D4)
24

25. - As the ball is played to the left back (LB) – LB must already be running forwards so that
the pass from the center back is penetrative beyond the defending strikers
Center Back Has the Ball
- Instead of playing a square ball to the other center back; look to bypass the center back
and play it to the right full back
- Right Back – receive it and dribble to penetrate to get beyond striker
Left Back and Center Back
– Left back and center back, play a 1-2 to penetrate beyond the first defender
25

26. Add a Defending Central Midfielder
- Imagine a bicycle rim – all the spokes go to the center of the rim – the defensive
midfielder should think of himself as the center of the rim
- Width of the Penalty Box – Defensive Midfielder should stay within the width of the
penalty box
26

27. - Ladder Approach – If you climb up a ladder, every step you take you can also take a step
down the ladder
- If you go up the ladder and then have players down the ladder in case you cannot go
forwards (Up, Back, Through)
Add in the Two Flank Players (With two Defending midfielders)
27

28. Combinations working with the Left Back and Left Midfielder (E1D11)
2 v 1 (play a one –two)
Overlap (reverse pass)
28

29. GK can also look to penetrate
- If the ball comes to the defensive midfielder – Left Midfielder should now look for
opportunities to make runs forwards
- Try to make 2 vs. 1 opportunities
- Make movements off the ball
29

30. Right Midfielder Has the Ball
- Right back is to give support
- If the midfielder dribbles inside, the queue is that he doesn’t want support from behind so
the fullback can make a run forwards
Maintain the Integrity of the System
– As the ball gets played forwards keep three defenders in the back
30

31. Add the Attacking Center Midfielder – (With the Defending Midfielder)
- The game is now getting closer to reality, which means it is getting more complex
Attacking Midfielder/Defending Midfielder
- Work off of each other
- Don’t make the same runs: As the defending midfielder shows, Attacking Midfielder look
for the hole
- Players must travel as the ball travels
- Be mobile – Think ahead of the game
- In central midfield, 75% of the balls that you get, you should keep
31

32. Center Back Change the Point of Attack
- Look to change the point of attack out of pressure – here the center back played the ball
back from where it came from instead of changing it to the left back
Right Back Has the Ball
- Midfielders (M) – Change your body shape so that when you receive it you have the
option to go forwards or backwards.
32

33. Add in the two strikers (along with two defenders)
Runs – Strikers
- As the first striker shows for the ball, the 2nd
striker makes a diagonal run behind the first
striker
33

34. Right Fullback Has the Ball
- Action/Reaction:
o Ball goes to the striker’s foot who plays it first time to the advancing right
midfielder
o Reaction: (Wrong Way) As soon as the striker plays the ball, then the midfielder
makes his run
o Action: (Right Way): While the ball travels into the striker the midfielder is making
an early run forwards anticipating the striker’s next move
Ladder Approach (Combinations)
- Center Back to Striker – center mid spins receives from striker and looks to play forwards
34

35. - Center back to mid; mid to mid – spin; mid to striker
11 vs. 11
- End with 11 vs. 11 so that you can end the training session in a realistic fashion
35

36. Schellas Hyndman - Defending in the 4-4-2 Part One
Exercise #1
2 Strikers work together to make play predictable and channel play one way
- First Defender (striker): Angle of Approach - Curved run to stop fullback from changing it
- Coordination between the strikers – Imagine that there is a rope that connects the two
defending strikers together.
Variation
36

37. - As the ball travels to the right fullback – 1st
defender run to the deepest player to prevent
back pass and so that the ball cannot be switched
- Other striker pressures the ball
- Anticipate that the ball will go to the fullback – start to run early
Variation
- Strikers split to encourage the center backs to play out of the back
- Let the center back get the ball, but stop the fullbacks from getting it
As the center back travels forward, strikers must pinch
37

38. Exercise #2
Organization
- 3 vs. 1; 2 grids – 2nd
striker tries to intercept pass to other grid
- If the first defender wins it attack to the end line – 2nd
defender who is now an attacker
goes into the box to prepare for a cross
38

39. Add a center back who can change it
- 2nd
defender cheat or anticipate the pass to the center back.
Add a Defending Central Midfielder
39

40. - Central midfielder marks another central midfielder
- Don’t let attacking mid behind you
- Try to nick the pass
- You can’t defend somebody in front
- If the midfielder tries to run behind – defending midfielder drop with the advancing runner
to stay goal side
- Never let midfielder behind
- If the ball gets changed quickly – give ground and drop
- Don’t expect the players to cover the entire width of the field
40

41. Add another attacking central midfielder
2 vs. 2: Center Midfielder Mark each other
41

42. - 1st
Defender Immediate Pressure on the ball
- 2nd
defender support/cover
- Be willing to give up back passes and lateral passes, but not penetrative passes
- Don’t get split
- If both center midfielders attack, then you are vulnerable in a counter attack
- Help your teammates by giving direction
Progression: 3 vs. 2
- Force the ball wide to use the line and create a 1 vs. 2 situation
42

43. Schellas Hyndman - Defending in the 4-4-2 Part Two
Add two flank players
- Flank player keep pressing the outside midfielder – try to nick the ball
- Opposite flank player – pinch across only as far as post (Balance)
- Body Shape - Rule: see the ball and see the man
Find opportunities to double down
- Any time the ball is played past you, chase the ball
43

44. - Get in the passing lane when you chase so it can’t be passed backwards
Add in the 4 defenders
- If the striker can’t pressure the ball – send the flank player
- Fullback “bump,” the flank player to pressure
- Communication – encouraging/convincing
Add in the two strikers for the attacking team
44

45. - When the “Bump,” occurs, the 4 defenders need to slide across
- Fullback – be channel side of the striker
- Bump – if the attacking outside midfielder turns and runs forward, the defending outside
midfielder must drop with him
- Hard work/organization – buy into working for each other
11 v. 11 - Schellas ended the session with a 11 vs. 11 game under two different scenarios
1. Losing 1-0 – play high pressure
2. Winning 1-0 – play low pressure
45

46. Question and Answer Forum
A look at EPL and Dutch Youth Academies
Question #1 - How many hours per week do the young kids train in the youth academies?
Jan – It depends on the age of the player. At Ajax, U8 – U13 players train three times a week.
Our U14 –U19 players train four times a week.
Tony – At West ham, it also depends on the age of the player. Our U9 – U12 players train for 75
minutes three times a week and also play a morning match every Sunday. U12 – U16 players
train four times a week, and our U16 – U19 players train four times a week and play a match on
every Saturday.
Question #2 - What qualities do you look for when recruiting a Young player
Jan – Technical quality of the player is the main criteria.
Tony – At West Ham, the criteria we look for includes but is not limited to: natural ability, good
technique, speed/size (these become more of a factor when deciding whether or not to take a
player on a full time basis), and a player’s ability to effect a match.
Question # 3 - How important are small sided games? Who often are they used and when do you
bring them in?
Jan – At Ajax small sided games make up a significant portion of our training regimen;
approximately 35-40%.
Tony – At West Ham, most of training consists of small sided games. We rarely play 11 vs. 11
matches in training, especially at the younger ages. Our U8 – U11 players never play more than
4 vs. 4. A smaller sided game gets players more touches/contact on the ball but also brings out
all aspects of the games allowing you to isolate both groups and individuals.
Question #4 – What is your clubs developmental philosophy by age group?
Jan – At Ajax we expose our players to 11 vs. 11 as soon as possible.
Tony – At West Ham, the player development is very specific to individuals and individual age
groups. We recognize the fact that players develop at different rates. To a certain extent,
tailoring player development to individuals allows us decide whether we wait for a slow developer
to improve or cut them loose. In a nut shell, at West Ham we’re looking for every player and
every group/team to improve every year. You really don’t know what your finished product will
look like until the end.
Question # 5 - If a player is technically and tactically better than other players, will you move him
up to a higher age group if he is not physically ready?
Jan – At Ajax, it’s not based on individual aspects of a player’s game. These types of decisions
are based on a total combination of qualities. If a player is small, but can compensate based due
in part to strengths in other parts of his game, we will move that player up.
Tony – At West Ham, we make the judgment based on the individual. We believe that we need
to constantly challenge our more talented players. Therefore if their physical stature is a factor,
46

47. we find ways to cope with that impediment. For example, we may move up a player who
struggles physically, but play him for shorter periods of time in a game. If the age group that an
individual is not appropriate, we simply move the player up or down to an appropriate level.
Question #6 - Do you do most of technical work unopposed or opposed?
Jan – At Ajax, approximately 60% of technical drills are done without pressure, which leaves 40%
consisting of an exercise with some degree of pressure
Tony – At West Ham, most of our technical work is unopposed so that the players acquire good
habits and build confidence. In order to develop technique it must be taught in the early stages
unopposed. We build in pressure in the small sided games.
Question #7 - How do you structure your midfield? i.e. Is it flat, or a diamond?
Tony – At West Ham, it depends on the players that we have in each team. A good coach will
look at his players and decide what suits his team best; then develop those players for those
positions. I personally like one player to get forward and one to hold.
Jan – At Ajax, before the players reach the age of 15, all of our teams play in a 4-3-3. From age
15-19, many factors dictate the shape of our midfield. One of those factors in who we have
available as players and what characteristics the players possess. The coaches who work with
the older age groups choose what shape suits their teams best. -
Question #8 - At what age do you start working on heading drills?
Tony - Heading was once an intricate part of the English game. However, the game today is
more European than it has been. To what it once was, heading is somewhat of a lost art in the
English game. At West Ham, we start to encourage the kids to use their head if the ball is in the
air at a very young age. As the players age heading starts to become more and more important.
47

48. Wayne Harrison – Areas of Awareness
AREAS OF AWARENESS
The Awareness process is having an awareness (an understanding) of all options available “before you
get the ball” and looking ahead of the ball (and getting the feet right to receive the ball), and once you
get it to make the correct decisions based on this prior and ongoing information. This is designed to help
the player keep possession more easily and not get caught and lose it.
Possession of it can then be broken down into “possession with few touches” (which is epitomized by
the way Arsenal in England plays the game using lots of one and two touch plays) and possession with
many touches (such as dribbling or running with the ball). This awareness before possession of the ball
includes keeping the head up whilst about to control the ball, knowing where team mates are, where
opponents are, where the spaces are, but at the same time keeping an eye on and possession of the ball.
On the other hand once the player has the ball, if they decide the right option is to dribble or run with this
and thus maintain possession of it themselves with more touches, then that brings in another type of
awareness which is that of what to do during possession and the ensuing maintenance of the ball, as
opposed to an awareness of what to do with it before receiving and as they receive it. Learning all
types of awareness takes a lot of work, practice and training.
We can further break down awareness to that “On the Ball” and also that “Off the Ball”.
“On the Ball” signifies the player about to receive it or who has just received it, “Off the Ball” refers to
all the other players who are not directly involved in possession of the ball, yet, basically the other 10
players on the field but particularly those around and close to the ball who may be in the best positions to
help the player on the ball. They need to be moving into good open space to help the player about to
receive the ball to help them keep possession by moving it on quickly if that is the required decision.
So 4 areas of awareness; On the Ball Awareness before receiving, On the Ball awareness as the player
receives it and moves it on quickly using 1 or 2 touches only; On the Ball awareness if the player keeps it
using several touches; and “Off the Ball”, awareness of players getting open early to help the player On
the Ball. This works if all players are in synch and thinking ahead of the ball and not just the player on
the ball.
Our focus here in this session is mainly Awareness On the Ball with few touches on it (the beautiful way
Arsenal in England play for example), moving the ball on quickly with one or two touches and being able
to psychologically think ahead and identify the next correct pass to keep possession. We will finish the
clinic by combining “Awareness On the ball with few touches” and Awareness “Off the ball” with two fast
moving themed games to link the two.
We are trying to establish the following in the players make up:
A. WHAT they do? (The technique or skill used; and what are the options to move or pass the ball
depending on the position on the field of play).
B. WHERE they do it? (Position on the field can dictate this in the decision making process).
C. WHEN they do it? (The timing of the technique or skill used).
D. HOW they do it? (The selection of the technique or skill used).
E. WHY they do it? (The tactical objective).
F. What is the END PRODUCT?
Introduction
I first got the idea of this type of training when Alan Ball, (for the older ones amongst us who will know of
him), whom I played with at Blackpool Football Club in England when he joined us as player – head
coach as he was winding down his career. Alan Ball was a World Cup winner with England in 1966
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49. playing 72 times for his country and who had a distinguished career in England. He epitomized the one
touch play this type of training develops, rather like Paul Scholes of Manchester United, Fabregas of
Arsenal, and Alonso of Liverpool do today. Bally actually used to say he only needed HALF A TOUCH!! I
believe him - having seen him play if there is such a thing!!
The fact no one could get near him (because by the time you had closed him down the ball had gone)
and he rarely lost possession in games or in training even at 37 years old at the time proved that.
Alan Ball was my inspiration for this method of play, as was Eric Harrison who is referenced to later.
It has never been more important in soccer to be able to be good at this type of play as the game
continues to get faster and faster at all levels of play so decision making has to be faster too.
So, based on their simple concepts, I have developed the idea further that had lead to a book on the topic
(Recognizing the Moment to Play).
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50. THE DECISION MAKING THOUGHT PROCESSES THE PLAYER IS GOING THROUGH AT
ANY ONE TIME IS AS FOLLOWS:
1. OBSERVING WHERE THE BALL IS COMING FROM.
2. OBSERVING HOW THE BALL IS COMING.
3. KNOWING WHERE THEIR TEAMMATES ARE.
4. KNOWING WHERE THE OPPOSITION PLAYERS ARE.
5. DECIDING “WHAT” SHOULD THE PLAYER DO WITH THE BALL. THE TECHNIQUE / SKILL
TO
USE (EMPHASIS ON A GOOD FIRST TOUCH) - PASS, RUN, SHOOT, CROSS, DRIBBLE,
DUMMY /
LEAVE. (NARROW THE LIST OF POSSIBLE OUTCOMES FROM ALL AVAILABLE OPTIONS).
6. OBSERVING “WHERE” TO PLAY THE BALL. (ASSESS OPEN SPACES AND SUPPORTING
OPTIONS ON THE FIELD).
7. DECIDING “WHEN” TO PLAY THE BALL. (TIMING OF THE TECHNIQUE / SKILL USED).
8. DECIDING “HOW” TO PLAY THE BALL. (SELECT A SPECIFIC SKILL TO USE).
9. DECIDING “WHY” A GIVEN CHOICE IS BEST. (COMPARE ALL OPTIONS WITH THE
TEAM’S TACTICAL OBJECTIVES).
PROGRESSION 1
DEVELOPING AWARENESS IN POSSESSION OF THE BALL THROUGH A FUN
POSSESSION GAME WITH A BALL EACH
This is a good Warm Up
1. Each of 12 players has a ball to play with. They must protect their own soccer ball but at the same
time try to kick someone else’s ball out the area. When your ball is kicked out you cannot kick anyone
else’s ball out. You can vary the game by allowing them chances, maybe up to three each before they
are ultimately out of the game. When they are out have them juggle the ball to keep practicing skills.
2. Play until the last player is left with their own ball still and everyone else’s ball has been kicked out.
This player is the winner.
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51. 3. Variations can be you have three areas of play they can work in. They start in one then if they are
kicked out they go to the next and so on, this way they get two chances but also you can have two
winners in each group with an overall winner at the end. Or you can just decrease the area they are
playing in to make it harder as there is less space to work in.
4. Coaching Points
a) Awareness of where other players are whilst maintaining possession of the ball ensuring players are
looking around away from their own ball not just down at it.
b) Dribbling and Turning,
c) Shielding,
d) Tackling,
e) Anaerobic Fitness work.
This is a practice that is fun but ensures relevant skills are practiced by the players.
PROGRESSION 2
A GAME WORKING ON AWARENESS IN POSSESSION OF THE BALL
1. There are 12 players in this clinic (it can be any number), 9 with a ball, 3 without. The 3 players
without a ball have to try and win a ball off a player with a ball and pass it to the coach. If a player has
lost their soccer ball then they can join in with the other players helping them keep possession by
passing and support play.
EMPHASISE LOOKING AROUND, LOOKING OVER THE SHOULDER.
2. To make this competitive rotate the players so different groups of 3 work together, time each group
to see who does this in the quickest time.
3. This represents winning the ball and keeping possession in a game, rather than kicking it out of play
and losing possession again in a game.
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52. 4. The session develops from an individual 1 v 1 attacking / defending work out to a passing and
support situation. You can work on the defenders by encouraging them to work as a team, maybe in 2’s
for instance to have a better chance of winning the soccer balls. The defenders can pass the ball
around between themselves until one can find the coach with a pass. Attackers during this time can try
to win it back before it goes out the area and keep possession.
1. This is showing the progression of the session where the defenders have won 6 balls and got 3 to
the coach thus maintaining possession if it were likened to a game.
2. Coaches can move around so the players have to have an awareness of where the coach is to pass
to.
Coaching Points
Attackers with the ball –
a) Dribbling and turning practice,
b) Shielding the ball,
c) Moving and support play,
d) Quality of passing, players keep possession by passing between each other once one or more lose
their ball.
e) Awareness of positions of both sets of players and where the spaces are.
Defenders without the ball –
a) Practicing defensive pressurizing skills,
b) Team work (in 2’s or more) to win the ball using supporting defensive skills – Angle / Distance /
Communication,
c) Maintaining possession after winning the ball,
d) Awareness of the player to pass to (the coach or a team mate to get it to the coach),
e) Quality of the pass once they win the ball.
4. The essence of this game is it is fun and competitive for the players but it also provides a situation
where they are learning important skills.
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53. 5. Every ball won by a defender must be passed to the coach to show they have won the ball but also
kept possession of the ball. This teaches the players the importance of not just winning possession of
the ball but also trying to maintain possession after winning it. If the defending player passes the ball to
the coach and it is not accurate and does not get to the coaches feet then the attacker who had the ball
gets it back to continue in possession. This ensures quality of passing from the defender who has won
back the ball in the first place.
6. Develop – Make it a two team game, one defends, one attacks, time each team as to how long it
takes for them to win possession of each ball and make a successful pass to the coach. The clock
stops when all the 6 balls have been passed successfully to the coach.
7. Now defenders need to have awareness too as when they win the ball they need to know quickly
where the coach is to pass the ball to and consequently be successful. So, whilst they are defending
trying to win the ball they are also watching the coach in their peripheral vision to see where he or she
is.
PROGRESSION 3
DEVELOPING AWARENESS “BEFORE” RECEIVING THE BALL: TWO TEAMS PLAYING
“THROUGH” EACH OTHER
Divide the players into two teams, a ball each team, passing and moving in the same area
passing through each other, but not playing against each other. Each team can’t take the other
team’s ball.
This is an incredibly simple exercise but one I watched a famous Youth coach, Eric Harrison at
Manchester United do many years ago at an FA Symposium with Beckham, Scholes, the
Neville’s and Ryan Giggs to name a few famous players he developed through the youth
academy. He told us he used this for his warm up every day to develop his player’s awareness
on and off the ball.
Technical/Tactical Design
Lots of touches on the ball are achieved in this practice.
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54. a) The players must play with their heads up (so they view what is around).
b) Look over the shoulder before receiving the ball.
c) Body stance open to receive the ball.
d) Move the ball on the 1st touch away from pressure and into space or towards where you are
passing it or one touch transfer if that pass is on.
e) Awareness of teammates positions on the field in advance.
f) Awareness of opponents positions on the field in advance.
g) Passing to space to move players into a better position on the field
h) Passing to feet.
i) Turns / dribbles / 1t / 2t, free play.
j) Communication (key words).
k) Support Angles / distances to help the player on the ball.
Develop
a) Increase the number of soccer balls per team.
b) Pass to opposite colors. Below we have several balls being passed.
c) Progress to an overload game, for example 3 v 3 v 3, before going to an equal numbers two
team game of possession.
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55. PROGRESSION 4
IMPROVING AWARENESS “BEFORE” RECEIVING THE BALL THROUGH A SIMPLE
NUMBERS CONDITIONED GAME
1. The numbers game FORCES the players to look before they receive by the very condition
placed on them. There are 6 Players and only 1 ball to begin. Players must pass in sequence
i.e. 1 passes to 2; 2 passes to 3; 3 to 4 and so on to 6 who passes to 1 and we begin again.
You can have player’s static to begin as easy introductions to the theme then have them
passing and moving. In a roster of 12 players 2 groups of 6 can do this in different areas
separately to begin.
2. Player receives from the same person and passes to the same person each time. This
develops great awareness of time, space and player positions. This is continuous work on and
off the ball. Awareness of: where the player you receive from is and where the player you
pass to is. Because of this players begin to anticipate the pass to them and where it is coming
from. Also they must look to where it is going to (where is the player they are passing to?).
3. We are trying to create a situation where players are looking two moves ahead not just one.
For instance as (1) is about to pass to (2), (3) should be looking to support (2) for the next pass
already, looking two moves ahead before the ball leaves (1). Likewise, (2) should already know
where (3) is to pass to.
4. Peripheral Vision Development results from this.
5. Develop: Use two balls then three balls at the same time. Start with a ball at (1) and (5)
then at (1), (4) and (6).To keep the sequence going players must move the balls quickly with
few touches hence their peripheral vision development improves dramatically. As soon as they
have passed one ball off the next one is arriving so quick thinking is needed to make the
correct decisions.
6. Coaching Points:
a) Awareness of where the player to receive from is before receiving the pass
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56. b) Getting into position to help the passer make a successful pass
c) Awareness of where the player to pass to is before receiving the pass
d) Open Body position to receive the pass to enable a resulting one touch pass if necessary
PROGRESSION 5: SEMI – COMPETITIVE AWARENESS NUMBERS GAME: PASSING IN
SEQUENCE
1. Now have 2 teams passing separately 1 to 6 in “each team”, with a ball each team in the
same area. The example shows the passing of the numbers team, of course players will be
moving but for the simplicity of the idea I show it this way.
2. Develop:
Count the number of passes each team get in a certain time frame adding a competitive
element to the game. Who can get the highest number of passes made in a given time frame?
3. Emphasize:
a) Movement “off” the ball to open up angles for passes between other players.
b) Communication verbally between players to help them identify where they are; passing
player can call who they are passing to, receiving player can ask for the pass.
c) Ensure players spread out throughout the area to have them playing both long and short
passes.
d) Encourage fewer touches on the ball at each reception to move it around the field more
quickly helping players develop good transitional play. The actual game is played so quickly
now they have to develop this talent as well as having good individual dribbling and turning ball
skills.
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57. PROGRESSION 6
WORKING ON PERIPHERAL VISION “BEFORE” RECEIVING THE BALL THROUGH THE
SPECIFIC PERIPHERAL VISION COACHING GAME
A 40x30 area is organized as shown in the Diagram below. Six players are used within the
activity. Repeat the setup to accommodate the entire team.
This is a simplified set up to get initial understanding. Increase numbers as previously e.g. two teams of
six. We started earlier with one ball and six players for example so each person on the ball had five
choices of pass to make and that was easy.
Now we must identify one and only one pass and must try to make it. That pass is to the person who
runs outside the zone. This player is the free player (unmarked). The session goes as follows and
numbers are used only as a reference only, the players can pass to anyone, in any order, but always
looking for that vital run by a player to the outside area:
1. Player (1) runs outside the area (perhaps after several passes within the zone).
2. Player (2) on the ball sees the run and must pass to (1).
3. As (1) is about to receive (as the ball is traveling to him or her) (3) moves into a position to support
(1) showing anticipation and awareness.
4 (3) has already seen the run by (4) and passes. (4) Brings the ball back in and the game continues,
(4) passes to (5) who has moved into position in anticipation and (5) passes to (6) who also has done
the same. This is an indicator of how quickly players recognize the run and consequently make the
pass.
5. Hence players are beginning to look one and two moves ahead of the ball. It doesn’t need to happen
so quickly in terms of the next player running outside but it serves as an example. The run can be
likened to a penetrating run into the attacking third where the player hasn’t been picked up or tracked
and is in a great position to attack and score if the passer sees them and makes that pass.
6. Coaching Points:
a) Decision: Movement of the player running out of the area to initiate the move
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58. b) Observation of this movement or run by this player by the other players
c) Observation by the one player receiving the pass as this movement of a run outside the area is
taking place
d) Decision by this player to make the one pass they need to the outside player
e) Quality of Passing: A one or two touch pass to the outside player for speed of action to show the run
was spotted
f) Weight of pass to the next passing player so they have the choice of making a one touch pass if they
have seen the run
g) Observation of the receiving player on the outside of the runs of others to receive the next pass
h) Support Positions: Other players already making movements to help the receiving outside player
have options to move the ball quickly with good support in terms of angles, distances and timing.
SPECIFIC PERIPHERAL VISION COACHING SESSION
Further development, ideas and ideals of this practice leading to the introduction of defenders as
opposition but in an attacking overload situation.
1. Within the zone there are many choices of pass but as soon as a player makes the run outside that
is the pass to make. Coach can determine the tempo of the game e.g. to avoid too many running out at
the same time the coach can signal to an individual player to move out without the others knowing so
only one at a time goes out.
2. Once the free player is outside and waiting for a pass see how many passes are made inside the
zone before someone sees the right pass i.e. to the outside player. This is an indication of which
players play with their heads up (and hence have good peripheral vision) and which don’t, (hence have
poor peripheral vision or even none at all).
3. The fewer touches on the ball the player needs to get the ball there the greater their anticipation of
the run. (One touch is the ultimate aim to develop where as the ball is traveling to the player, at the
same time another player makes their run out; they see the run and make the pass at the same time).
4. More touches means more reaction time needed and in a game situation this may mean the player
being caught in possession before they get around to making the pass.
5. Initially the coach may see several passes made within the area whilst a player stands and waits
outside until someone sees them; this will happen less and less as you practice and as the players
improve their peripheral vision.
6. The exciting part of this is when the coach sees one of their players make the right pass quickly in a
game situation due to the work they have done in this session.
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59. 1. Here we have two teams playing in the same area, player (5) passes to player (3). Player (2) as the
ball is traveling runs outside the area, player (3) has to see this movement and make the next pass to
that player. If (3) makes it with a one touch pass that is excellent as it shows they have seen the run as
the ball is arriving and made the quickest pass possible to get the ball to (2). Player (2) then brings the
ball back into play and the passing sequences start again.
2. Likewise player (E) on the other team passes to player (D), player (C) runs out of the area and the
set up continues.
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60. PROGRESSION 7
GAME SITUATION (WE WILL USE A 2 TEAM GAME HERE FOR EASE OF TRANSITION BUT AN
OVERLOAD THREE TEAM GAME CAN OFTEN BE A BETTER PROGRESSION MOVING TO THE
TWO TEAM GAME EVENTUALLY).
1. A two team game for ease of transition in this clinic with limited time (you can use neutral players to
make it easier to work initially it is always best to begin with an overload situation to help them make it
work). Five passes a goal. The winner is the team who scores the most 5 pass - goals, you may do the
first to score ten goals.
4. Develop: Include running out of the area in the game and if a player does this and receives a pass
successfully they get three goals for it. Defending players can’t track them outside the area.
5. This will encourage players to make outside runs as there is a reward and it will also test the players
on the ball as to their peripheral vision and how quickly they identify that particular run. This must
happen in less than 6 seconds though and if after a short time the player does not receive a pass then
they come back into the game.
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61. 6. Player (3) makes a run out of the area as (1) passes to (2). (2) Sees the run and passes and scores
3 goals. (3) Brings the ball back in and the game continues.
7. You are looking for players to anticipate where (3) needs support and move into position to help.
8. Other players need to move off the ball to get into open positions for the first pass or in anticipation
of the next ones.
9. You can also reward a one touch pass with a goal to encourage quick play..
PROGRESSION 8
TEACHING AWARENESS AND MOVEMENT “OFF THE BALL” THROUGH THE
TRANSITION DIRECTIONAL TARGET GAME
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62. 1. Rules:
a) Players must pass the ball to their target players to score. To score again they have to work
the ball back into their own half of the field to be able to return.
b) Target players have two touches as do side players.
2. Coaching Points:
a) Creating Space by running off the ball to receive or to help a teammate receive.
b) Quality of Passing; long and short to targets and to teammates.
c) Support play: working angles and distances incorporating switching play using the side
players.
d) Receiving and Turning in tight situations and dribbling in 1 v 1 situations.
e) Quick decision making is required in this session because the numbers are small, the area
tight and the transitions rapid.
3. Develop:
a) No restriction on touches then 3, 2 or 1 touch, but only if it is on to do one touch.
b) All outside and target players have one touch only where possible
c) switch with target players as they receive the ball.
d) Switch with outside players
1. Here is an example of the transition and movement off the ball to make it happen.
2. (2) passes to target player (8) who brings the ball back into the playing area.
3. (3) makes a run into the other half of the field on the blind side of (C) to receive the next
pass. They need to get the ball into that half to be able to score.
4. (1) makes a forward run into space to receive the next pass off (3) and passes to target
player (7) who can start the play again.
5. (1) switches with (7) and becomes a target player for the next phase of play.
6. Observe the Attacking Team – Recognize their movement off the ball for example to work
the ball into their own half see if the players make runs early in there as soon as the ball is at a
target, some should support short and some long so the target has choices.
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63. 7. Observe the Defending Team – see if they are sucked to the ball or they recognize runs
off the ball and track players making runs away from the ball into the other half.
8. To lessen the workload and keep everyone involved have players switch with targets and
outside side players when they pass to them.
9. Elements of play the target game teaches
Attacking as Individuals and as Team
a) Creating Space by running off the ball to receive or to help a teammate receive.
b) Developing quick support play working angles and distances incorporating switching play
using the side players.
c) Passing long and short to targets and to teammates.
d) Receiving and turning in tight situations and dribbling in 1 v 1 situation’s.
e) Lots of touches on the ball for the players in this practice.
f) Quick decision making is required in this session because the numbers are small, the area
tight and the transitions rapid.
Defending as Individuals and as a Team
a) Pressurizing players on the ball to regain possession.
b) Supporting pressuring players and tracking runners off the ball.
c) High pressure to regain possession in the attacking half to be able to go straight to the target
to score.
Transitions from defense to attack and attack to defense, quick decision making and improved
concentration as the switch occurs. Interchanges of positions between inside players, targets
and side support players.
As a coach you can work in this session how to defend properly as individuals and a team or
how to attack properly as individuals and a team.
Conditions to impose to change the focus of the game
1. No restriction on touches then three, two or one touch but only if it is on to do so.
2. Introduce neutral player so a 5 v 4 overload in the middle if possession isn’t kept easily.
3. Interchanges of players outside to in, inside to out as they pass the ball observing the
quality of the pass and the first touch of the receiver or performing a crossover.
4. Have one teammate at each end so you are attacking both ends but once you have passed
to one target you keep possession and must try to get to the other target. You can’t go back
unless the opposition win the ball and then you get it back, only then can you go back to the
same target.
5. To lessen the workload and keep everyone involved have players switch with targets and
outside players when they pass to them. This causes a constant transition of players and
focuses the player’s concentration.
6. The team can only score if they get an overlap, crossover or 1 – 2 in during the build up.
7. No talking so players have to rely on their own vision to play.
8. Players move into the target zone to receive (timing of run and pass) so we don’t play with
actual targets, different players can then become the target player.
9. Man – Marking – Have the players man mark so they must track a player when they haven’t
the ball and they must lose their marker when they have the ball. This is a good test to see who
is working hard and who isn’t as they have a designated job to do. You as a coach can see who
works to get free of their marker and who works hard to prevent the player they are marking get
the ball.
10. This session is particularly good as a midfield play practice session as you can liken the
start when the ball is at a target as it being a target defender passing it in and to get to the other
side through midfield to the other target who is now a striker. Then this target player maintains
possession and the team can go the other way, the target striker then becomes a defender for
the attacking team starting the move and the other target becomes the striker to pass the ball
to. So it is consistent movement end to end with the attacking team from a defender into
midfield to a striker.
11. To improve the speed of thought reward a successful one touch pass with a goal or point.
To score a goal by passing to the target player now reward this with three goals or 3 points.
12. The team in possession can pass back to the opponents target players to help keep
possession of the ball. Liken this to passing back to the keeper in a game situation.
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64. GETTING IT WRONG DEFENSIVELY AND / OR GETTING IT RIGHT OFFENSIVELY
1. This is an example of what to look for on the defending side of things.
2. Here the ball has been passed to the target (8) and a goal scored. The defenders are ball
watching and not seeing the runs “off the ball” of their opponents.
3. The idea of getting the ball back into the other half before they can score again when in
possession highlights these kinds of moments you need to identify in a game situation.
4. (1) plays the ball to target (8) to score. (2) Supports the next pass short and at a wide angle,
and (3) and (4) make runs into the other side of the field and off the ball to get free and receive
a pass. Defenders are all ball watching and not looking at these runs and so (3) and (4) get
free. At the same time you can say it is getting it right offensively.
5. The coach has to identify these situations and stop the game and show the set up and ask
the defending players what they need to do.
Things to Identify and Coach
Offensively
1. Lack of movement off the ball of the players in both halves of the field.
2. Poor quality of the passing.
3. Awareness of the players identifying correct decision making of when and where to pass.
4. Poor Communication to help each other.
5. Poor angles and distance of support and lack of variation of these concepts (long; short and
wide are needed so lots of options)
6. Mentally slow change from attack to defense when possession changes.
Defensively
1. Not seeing movements off the ball of the players on the team in possession of the ball and
not tracking these runs.
2. Ball watching allowing players to get in behind them.
3. Not pressing the ball quickly enough.
4. Working too much individually and not as a unit.
5. Mentally slow change from defense to attack when possession changes.
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65. PROGRESSION 9
DEVELOPING TEAM PLAY THROUGH A DIRECTIONAL TWO TEAM AWARENESS GAME
EMPHASIZING AWARENESS AND MOVEMENT “OFF THE BALL” THUS HELPING THE PLAYER
“ON THE BALL”
1. Coaching Points:
a) Awareness of where own players are and where the other teams players are before you get the ball
b) Awareness of where the spaces are to move into before you get the ball.
c) Quality of the First Touch: First touch into the path you are taking to get the ball to the outside player
or one touch transfer if possible
d) Support positions of teammates off the ball
e) Playing through the other team in the opposite direction testing positional ability
f) Directional movement as in a game
g) Everything done at pace.
2. Example above of playing through the midfield with another inside player to reach one of the targets.
3. Each player takes one touch to take the ball in the direction they want to go and the second touch is
a pass to the next player.
4. It may be a one touch pass that is needed depending on the distances involved. It may be they need
more touches on the ball because no one is immediately available to receive a pass. Or you may
condition it that they need to do a dribble of some sort in the middle before they pass to the next player.
There are many variables you can introduce to suit your needs from the clinic.
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66. 1. Encouraging players to look ahead of the play. Here (7) passes to outside player (3) and another
player (5) is supporting (3) for the next pass, working a triangle of support.
2. (3) Needs someone to pass to and to help (3) make a one touch pass quickly, (5) has already
moved as shown and got into position to receive and do this.
3. As (5), who is receiving the pass from (3), gets into an angled support position ensuring their body is
open, he or she has to have these things in mind before they receive the pass;
a) Where is the space to go to in order to receive the pass from (3)?
b) who is free at the other end to make the next pass to (so is already looking before the ball arrives)?
c) Where is the space to take my next touch (if it open it could be towards the player they are about to
pass to), or can I pass it one touch to (1) or (2) on the other side? Here (5) decides to pass to (2) and
(6) is already in a position to support (2).
SWITCHING POSITIONS WITH THE OUTSIDE PLAYER
66

67. 1. Now to involve everyone in the middle have the players switch positions when they
2. Pass to an outside player. (7) Passes to (3), and (3) then takes the ball back in with a good first touch
to then look to pass to another player and get the ball to the other side.
3. Likewise (D) receives from (H) and runs the ball into the middle to continue the movement, and (H)
runs out of the area to be an outside receiver. (D) Then passes to (A) player and switches with them.
PROGRESSION 10
GAME SITUATION
67

68. 1. Now we take the session into a game. It is a 4 v 4 game.
2. The inside numbered players work with outside numbered players and score by completing a pass to
the outside players. They then have to get the ball to the other side to score again. Inside Letters players
work with the outside letters players so teams play in opposite directions.
3. GAME: Play to 10 goals then rotate the players so all players get the chance to play.
4. Rotate the teams.
5. Here the number team have scored one goal at one end then switched the play to the other end by
quick and accurate passing to score another goal.
GAME SITUATION SWITCHING WITH OUTSIDE PLAYERS
1. Developing the idea with outside players switching with inside players on scoring a goal with a pass.
2. Progression: Introduce scoring a goal by making a successful one touch pass within the game to
encourage the players to think quickly and make instant decisions when they receive the ball.
3. Have outside players switching positions so when they receive the pass it is to a moving player and
not one stood still. This is more passing to space than to feet, to where the players is going to on the
outside as they switch with their teammate.
Conclusion
These are just a few ideas of many ways you can begin to teach your players the essentials of
Awareness on and off the ball. This concept is an increasingly important part of the game that players
have to develop to be able to improve their play and better maintain possession of the ball during the ever
increasing pace of the game.
68

69. Jan Pruijn – “The Ajax Way”
Small-Sided Games
Introduction
a. Clinician: Jan Pruijn
b. Players: William Jewell Men’s Soccer Team
c. Session Objective: Show a series of possession oriented small sided games
d. Coaching Principles
i. Setting up the exercise is more important than the actual drill
ii. Keep it simple for the players
iii. Look for teaching moments
Exercise #1
e. Objective: Keep Possession
f. Organization
i. 6 vs. 3 in grid #1 (15 yards by 25 yards)
ii. 5 vs. 2 in grid #2 (15 yards by 15 yards)
g. Coaching Points
i. Play the ball in the right way
1. Keep the ball on the ground if possible
2. Use the appropriate surface to receive and pass the ball
ii. Stay inside the grid
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70. Exercise #2 (Progression)
h. Objective: Keep Possession
i. Organization
i. 5 vs. 3 + 1 target player in grid #1 (15 yards by 25 yards)
1. Rules:
a. After 3 consecutive passes, the team in possession may
play the target player
b. If the defenders win possession, give the ball back to the
attacking players
2. Coaching Points
a. After 3 passes look for the penetrative pass into the
target rather than the square ½ pass
b. It is better to control and pass along the ground than to
play a poor first time pass in the air
c. Support the ball into the target player early
d. Target Player: Control the ball with your first touch, then
pass
e. Take responsibility: Help each other by communicating
the number of accomplished passes
f. Body Shape: Receive the ball on a ½ turn to give
yourself the option of passing first time into the target
g. Assess the situation and decide whether to play one
touch or more than one touch
ii. 5 vs. 2 in grid #2 (15 yards by 15 yards)
70

71. 1. Rules:
a. Keep possession
b. Mandatory 2 touches
2. Attacking Coaching Points
a. Pass the ball to where the defenders are not focusing
b. Try to split the defenders (Look for a solution that makes
it harder for the defenders to cope)
3. Defending Coaching Points
a. Pressure: Look for a bad touch and then quickly press
the ball
4. Challenge #1: Count how many times you can consecutively
pass the ball without the defenders intercepting it (2 minute
interval)
5. Challenge #2: Connect more consecutive passes than you did
under challenge #1.
Exercise #3 (Progression)
j. Objective: Keep possession and change the point of attack
k. Organization
i. 4 vs. 2 in grid #1
ii. 2 players in grid #2
iii. 4 players in grid #3
l. Rules: The team in possession must complete 3 consecutive passes and transfer
ball to the other side of the grid. Upon transfer of the ball to the other grid, the 2
71

72. players in the middle grid must defend against the 4 players in the other grid. The
defending players in the middle grid may try to intercept the ball as it travels to
the other grid.
m. Attacking Coaching Points
i. Recognize the situation and understand what the coach is asking from
you as a player
ii. Prepare for the next move: After you have passed the ball to the other
grid, fix your shape in preparation to receive the next pass
iii. Recognize the completion of the third pass and play the ball to the other
grid
iv. Communication: Help each other by giving instruction
n. Defending Coaching Points
i. Watch and Prepare
ii. Try to block the passing lanes
o. Progression: Add 4 more defenders to introduce transition. If the defenders win
it, they now become attackers
i. Attacking Coaching Points
1. Prepare yourself in every situation and expect the unexpected
2. Don’t let the ball bounce
3. Keep the ball on the ground
ii. Defending Coaching Points
1. Recognize when to squeeze up and when to drop off
a. If the pass is slow and you can get there, put immediate
pressure on the ball
b. If the pass is quick and you cannot get there, concede
space first and then pressure the ball
2. Be prepared to transition from defending to attacking quickly
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73. Exercise #4 (Progression)
p. Objective: Keep possession
q. Rules: Keep possession; if the defenders with the ball, dribble the ball outside the
grid. As the ball is transferred to the other grid, two attacking players must also
transfer to the other grid to make 5 vs. 3.
r. Organization
i. 5 vs. 3 in grid #1
ii. One player in grid #2
iii. 3 vs. 2 in grid #3
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74. s. Coaching Points
i. Players in the grid without the ball must be alert and mobile to provide
passing options
ii. At lease one attacking player in the grid without the ball must show for
the ball to give an option to the attackers who are trying to switch the
ball.
iii. Use the correct surface to receive and pass given the situation the game
presents
Exercise #5 (Progression)
Objective: Keep Possession
t. Organization:
i. 5 vs. 4 in grid #1 (32 yards by 40 yards)
ii. 2 vs. 1 in grid #2 (32 yards by 40 yards)
u. Rules:
i. Keep possession.
ii. If the defenders intercept the ball, they must pass to one of their
teammates in the other grid.
iii. Upon transfer of the ball to the other grid, players from where the ball
was passed must also transfer to the other grid making the numbers 5
vs. 4 in favor of the attacking team.
iv. 3 minute interval (5 consecutive passes is one point)
v. Attacking Coaching Points
i. Fix your shape – If you make the field too small, you help the defenders
ii. Width and Depth
iii. Change your angle to provide and early solution
iv. Fix your shape so that you create triangles rather than straight lines
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75. v. Weight of the pass
vi. Use the correct surface to receive and pass
vii. When to pass, when to dribble
1. Play one touch if you are under pressure
2. Dribble to relieve pressure, then pass
w. Defending Coaching Points
i. Put pressure on the ball – you can only score points if you win the ball,
and transfer the ball to the other grid
ii. Look for opportunities to press hard early and for situations when it is
wiser to drop off
Exercise #6 (Progression)
Objective: Keep possession recognizing moments to go forwards while in possession
75

76. x. Organization
i. 5 vs. 5 + GK in one half of the field
ii. 2 vs. 2 + GK in the other half of the field
y. Rules
i. GK may only distribute to the 5 attacking players
ii. 5 attacking players must first connect 5 consecutive passes and then
pass forwards to the two attacking players in the attacking half of the
field
iii. As the ball travels into the attacking end of the field, 3 attackers and
defenders join so the game becomes 5 vs. 5 in the other end of the field
z. Attacking Coaching Points
i. Identify Roles – Attackers, defenders, movers
ii. Recognize the moment when to go forwards in possession
iii. GK take leadership and communicate
aa. Defending Coaching Points
i. If you intercept a pass, score a goal
76

77. Jan Pruijn – “The Ajax Way”
Build Up To Attack
Exercise #1
a. 5 v. 5 First passive pressure by the defending team
b. Coaching Points
i. Fullback ask for the ball going forwards
ii. Travel as the ball travels (side to side)
iii. Play the ball forwards if you can (Pass or Dribble)
iv. Keep it sharp – Control and proper pass
c. Progression: Now the defending team can apply full pressure
i. Coaching Points
1. Take every opportunity to go forwards
2. If the ball is with the center back, fullback start to run forwards
3. If the defending strikers separate, one of the center backs push
into midfield
a. Support the strikers
b. Create an angle so that you can receive the ball and go
forwards
4. Look to the right and left full back to receive from the GK
d. Progression: 7 vs. 7
77

78. Exercise #2
i. Coaching Points
1. Full Back Options
a. Play ball on ground to advancing midfielder
b. Play ball in behind defenders to opposite midfielder
e. Progression: 8 v. 8, Add a channel
78

79. i. Coaching Points
1. If the ball goes to the strikers, two midfielders support, and one
full back support
2. If one full back moves forward, then the other full back must stay
3. When the right fullback has the ball, right midfielder come inside
sometimes (The channel is only for the two outside fullbacks
4. Think forward, play forward
5. Take every opportunity you have to go forwards
79

80. Jan Pruijn – “The Ajax Way”
Technical and Possession Training
Diamond Exercises – This session began with many variations of Dutch style “Diamond”
exercises.
Organization:
1. Player at the bottom cone passes to his left and follows his pass.
2. Player on the left cone receives back foot, passes to player at the top cone, and follows
his pass.
3. Player at the top cone receives back foot and dribbles towards remaining player on the
bottom cone.
4. Repeat Rotation on the right side.
80

81. Organization:
1. Player 1 at bottom cone passes to player 2 on the left cone and runs towards the left
cone.
2. Player 2 on left cone passes back to advancing player, spins, and runs towards top cone.
3. Player 1 receives pass, plays to player 3 on top cone, and completes his run towards the
left cone.
4. Player 3 receives pass back foot, dribbles around right cone, passes to player 4 on
bottom cone, and completes his run to the bottom cone.
5. Repeat Rotation.
81

82. Organization:
1. Player on bottom cone passes to player on top cone and runs to the left cone.
2. Player at top cone receives pass, plays a 1-2 with player on the left cone, passes to
player on the bottom cone, and completes his run to the bottom cone.
3. Upon completion of 1-2, player on left cone runs to the top cone.
4. Repeat Rotation.
82

83. Organization:
1. Player on bottom cone passes to player on top cone and runs to his right in preparation
for an overlap.
2. Player on top cone receives, plays a pas to player on the right cone, and runs to the right
cone.
3. Player on the right cone receives, dribbles, plays a reverse pass to overlapping player
from the bottom cone, and completes his run to the top cone.
4. Overlapping player from the bottom cone receives, plays a reverse pass to the player on
the left cone and rotates to the right cone.
5. Player on left cone dribbles to the bottom cone.
6. Repeat Rotation.
Organization:
1. Player on the bottom left cone completes a 1-2 with player on the bottom middle cone
then passes to player on the bottom right cone. Player from the bottom left cone
completes his run to the bottom middle cone. Player from the bottom middle cone
completes his run to the bottom right cone.
2. Player on bottom right cone receives and dribbles around top right cone.
3. Repeat sequence on top cones.
83

84. Organization:
1. Player on bottom left cone plays 1-2 with player on bottom middle cone.
2. Upon completion of 1-2, player on bottom middle cone runs around bottom right cone
3. Player from bottom left cone completes pass to player who ran around the bottom right
cone and completes run to bottom middle cone.
4. Player who receives pass around bottom right cone dribbles to top right cone.
5. Repeat sequence on the top cones.
84

85. Organization:
1. Player from bottom left cone plays 1-2 with player at bottom middle cone then passes to
player on bottom right cone and completes his run to the bottom middle cone.
2. Player at bottom right cone sets ball back to player from bottom middle cone, spins
around cone, and receives return pass from the player from bottom middle cone. Player
from bottom middle cone completes his run to the bottom right cone.
3. Player from bottom right cone dribbles to top right cone.
4. Repeat sequence at the top cones.
Coaching Points
a. Play the ball to the outside of the cone
b. If its played on the inside of the cone, turn outside of the foot
i. Side on – for 2 options
ii. Pass the ball to the players front foot
iii. Use both feet
iv. Timing of the run – don’t go too early
v. Check
vi. Prepare yourself for the next situation
vii. Timing – change of pace
viii. Indicate where and when you want the pass
ix. Stay behind the ball
x. Accelerate
xi. Use your left foot in the middle
85

86. The session ended with a game on a half field.
86