Aquaculture is being introduced in family farms in Northeast Argentina to increase income. Most farms are small-scale and rely on traditional cash crops like yerba mate and tobacco. Aquaculture is managed semi-intensively, using local fish species and fertilizing with farm byproducts. Fish production depends on pond area and number of ponds. Most fish is consumed or gifted locally rather than sold. State programs help fund pond construction and supplies, but mainly benefit medium to large farms, while fish does not reach the landless poor. Overall, aquaculture provides farm households with fish but has not improved access for all rural communities.
Presentation of Gerd Spavorek for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
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Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
Towards sustainable & productive farming systems for Africa: experiences and ...ACIAR
Towards sustainable & productive farming systems for Africa: experiences and lessons from SIMLESA - Dr Mulugetta Mekuria, Senior Scientist, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and SIMLESA Project Leader
Presentation of Gerd Spavorek for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Apresentação de Gerd Spavorek realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
Towards sustainable & productive farming systems for Africa: experiences and ...ACIAR
Towards sustainable & productive farming systems for Africa: experiences and lessons from SIMLESA - Dr Mulugetta Mekuria, Senior Scientist, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and SIMLESA Project Leader
1. Aquaculture – An Introduction
2.The development process
3.Major classification of aquaculture
4.Aqua farming in India… Types
5.Recent trends and status of freshwater fishculture technology in India
6.Indian freshwater fisheries
7.Available technology
8.The production processes
9.Composite fish culture
10.Trends in fish consumption and its impact on the fish production
11.Availability of fish and fishery products
12.Factors influencing the consumption
13.Trends in fish consumption
This presentation is Part 3 of a training program on Food Safety Practices for the Aquaculture Industry by Michigan State University, on 22 April 2013.
Selection of the pond site is one of the most important steps in construction. A good pond site contains (l) Level topography that provides for economical construction, (2) soil with sufficient clay to hold water and (3) an adequate water supply. Before making the final site selection, one should examine all potential sites considering economics, accessibility and safety. Economically speaking, construct a pond that provides the largest volume of water with the least amount of landfill. Liability is a final consideration. For example, what would happen if the dam failed causing loss of life or injury? The pond owner is normally held liable for downstream flooding and related damages caused by dam failure.
The objective of commercial fish farming is to produce fish for sale and
earn profits. Therefore, production should be planned from the onset to
target identified markets. This means one should:
1. have the required product (size and form) available when the
market wants it,
2. be able to produce adequate volumes to sustain targeted markets,
3. produce at a competitive price and profit.
When making a production and business plan for table fish, one should
endeavor to answer the following questions beforehand.
1. Where is the market? – its location, what category of people are
likely to buy the fish I produce, etc
2. What does the market want? – type of fish, how much, what size,
how frequently, fresh or processed, etc.
3. What resources do I have? – number of pond(s), size of pond(s),
water for production (quantity, quality, flow rates), feeds, labour,
seed, etc.
4. From where and when should I source my seed and feed?
5. What is the quality of feed I intend to use? This is important
because it limits possible FCRs, water quality and carrying capacity.
6. How much feed and seed shall I require?
7. What technology do I have at my disposal and which would be the
best to adopt?
8. How frequently do I need to harvest for the market? (complete
harvest/partial harvests)
9. How do I get my fish to the market?
10. What returns can I expect from the above?
1. Aquaculture – An Introduction
2.The development process
3.Major classification of aquaculture
4.Aqua farming in India… Types
5.Recent trends and status of freshwater fishculture technology in India
6.Indian freshwater fisheries
7.Available technology
8.The production processes
9.Composite fish culture
10.Trends in fish consumption and its impact on the fish production
11.Availability of fish and fishery products
12.Factors influencing the consumption
13.Trends in fish consumption
This presentation is Part 3 of a training program on Food Safety Practices for the Aquaculture Industry by Michigan State University, on 22 April 2013.
Selection of the pond site is one of the most important steps in construction. A good pond site contains (l) Level topography that provides for economical construction, (2) soil with sufficient clay to hold water and (3) an adequate water supply. Before making the final site selection, one should examine all potential sites considering economics, accessibility and safety. Economically speaking, construct a pond that provides the largest volume of water with the least amount of landfill. Liability is a final consideration. For example, what would happen if the dam failed causing loss of life or injury? The pond owner is normally held liable for downstream flooding and related damages caused by dam failure.
The objective of commercial fish farming is to produce fish for sale and
earn profits. Therefore, production should be planned from the onset to
target identified markets. This means one should:
1. have the required product (size and form) available when the
market wants it,
2. be able to produce adequate volumes to sustain targeted markets,
3. produce at a competitive price and profit.
When making a production and business plan for table fish, one should
endeavor to answer the following questions beforehand.
1. Where is the market? – its location, what category of people are
likely to buy the fish I produce, etc
2. What does the market want? – type of fish, how much, what size,
how frequently, fresh or processed, etc.
3. What resources do I have? – number of pond(s), size of pond(s),
water for production (quantity, quality, flow rates), feeds, labour,
seed, etc.
4. From where and when should I source my seed and feed?
5. What is the quality of feed I intend to use? This is important
because it limits possible FCRs, water quality and carrying capacity.
6. How much feed and seed shall I require?
7. What technology do I have at my disposal and which would be the
best to adopt?
8. How frequently do I need to harvest for the market? (complete
harvest/partial harvests)
9. How do I get my fish to the market?
10. What returns can I expect from the above?
Three ways to improve water productivity in ZimbabweILRI
Poster prepared by T. Amede, K. Descheemaeker, E. Mapedza, P. Masikati, M. Munyaradzi, A.Sibanda, D.Nkomboni, S.Homann and A.van Rooyen for the ILRI Annual Program Meeting (APM) 2010, held at ILRI campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 14-17, 2010.
Midloe Grange Farm: Nutrient Management Case Study Farming Futures
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March 5th 2010
The power of indigenous breeds for rural transformation - presentation given ...Dr Ilse Koehler-Rollefson
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‘Scenarios for Policy: Transforming Farming, Landscape and Food Systems for the 21st Century’ was a side event held at the Hunger for Action Conference: 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change. This session, coordinated by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) considered future policy options for the major transformative changes needed in farming, landscapes and food systems to make climate-smart agriculture a reality.
Sheep value chains in Menz Gera district, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Results...ILRI
Presented by B. Teferra at the Multi-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on Small Ruminant Value Chains in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 14th-15th March 2013
Assessment of feed and feeding systems in the beef value chains in BotswanaILRI
Presented by Alec Makgekgenene; Leonard Baleseng; Sirak Bahta; E. Molemogi; E. Metlhaleng and Ben Lukuyu at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
S(2)Maize in Asia: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities
The introduction of aquaculture into family farming systems in subtropical NE Argentina
1. The introduction of aquaculture into
family farming systems in subtropical
Northeast Argentina
Ariel Zajdband
2. Province of Misiones
29,5% population below poverty line
(poorest province in Argentina)
206 children died from malnutrition and
6,000 were malnourished in 2010
87% of farms are small-scale family farms
European settlement in 1900s
(“colonos”= settlers)
Cash crops: yerba mate, tea, and tobacco
(vertically integrated)
3. 1990s: neoliberal policies
State regulatory agencies dissolution
0.2
Fall in prices of traditional crops 0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
Intensification of vertical integration 0.1
0.08
0.06
Crisis of the family farm model 0.04
0.02
0
1990 1995 2000
Yerba mate leaf price (1990-2001)
in US$.kg-1
4. 2000s: recovering from the crisis
The return of the state intervention
Diversification strategy: aquaculture development as a
way of increasing farmers’ income
~2,000 farmers involved in aquaculture
Different public-funded programs to support
aquaculture development (e.g. pond
construction, fingerling supply)
5. Understanding the role of aquaculture
In which kind of farm is aquaculture being
introduced?
How is aquaculture being managed in these farms?
How is aquaculture contributing to income
generation and fish supply for rural markets/self-
consumption?
7. In which kind of farm is aquaculture being
introduced?
Cluster analysis (18 variables; n=68)
Family and labour- Land use area-related Animal Welfare level-
related production-related related
Household head’s age Industrial perennial # cattle Tractor
crops area (has.)
# of years of farm Afforested area (has.) # poultry Tea harvester
occupation by family?
# household members Tobacco area (has.) # swine Housing conditions
(made of wood and
tin / brick)
# contracted temporal Domestic crops area Vehicle (no, car,
workers (has.) pick-up)
# off-farm family Foraging area (has.)
workers
Woodland area (has.)
8. In which kind of farm is aquaculture being
introduced?
Cluster 1. Perennial crops-based farms
Strong reliance on family labour (only
5% contract temporal workers)
Total surface ~ 25 ha
Based on perennial crop production;
mostly yerba mate and tea: 8,5 ha/farm
61% have a tea harvester
100% Brick-made houses
9. In which kind of farm is aquaculture being
introduced?
Cluster 2. Forestry-livestock-based farms
Less on family labour (92% contract
temporal workers)
Total surface ~ 40 ha
Based on cattle production (mean: 20
heads/farm) and afforestation (mostly
pine; mean: 11,67 ha/farm)
33% have a tractor
100% Brick-made houses
10. In which kind of farm is aquaculture being
introduced?
Cluster 3. Tobacco-based farms
Strong reliance on family labour (only
5% contract temporal workers)
Total surface ~ 20 ha
Based on tobacco (labour intensive)
Higher woodland area (untapped)
Only 17% have a car
94% of houses made of wood and tin
11. In which kind of farm is aquaculture being
introduced?
Cluster 2. Forestry-livestock-based farms
+
WEALTH
Cluster 1. Perennial crops-based farms
- Cluster 3. Tobacco-based farms
12. In which kind of farm is aquaculture being
introduced?
Pond area x farm cluster
High correlation
Cluster 3 between pond area
and # ponds
(r2=0,8954)
Cluster 2
Cluster 1
Total Pond Area (m2)
13. How is aquaculture being managed in
these farms?
Raised species
Carp polyculture Self-Recruited-species
grass carp (main species) Lambarí (Astyanax spp.)
common carp
silver carp
bighead carp
Native species Other
pacú (P. mesopotamicus) Tilapia
jundiá (R. quelen)
sábalo (P. lineatus)
14. How is aquaculture being managed in
these farms?
Husbandry techniques
100% use animal manure
100% cattle
16% poultry
Fertilization 5% swine
6% add inorganic fertilizers
2% 15-15-15
Semi-intensive 4% urea
systems 100% on-farm by-products
100% cassava
Supplementary 93% corn
78% sugarcane
feeding 62% avocado
11% add artificial feed
7% poultry feed
4% fish feed
15. How is aquaculture being managed in
these farms?
Fish production (kg) x pond area
500.00
450.00 Cluster 1
400.00 Cluster 2
350.00
Cluster 3
300.00
Linear (Cluster 1)
250.00
200.00 Linear (Cluster 2)
150.00 Linear (Cluster 3)
y1 = 0,2597x - 18,797
100.00 R² = 0,9537
50.00 y2 = 0,2018x + 1,2526
R² = 0,8745
0.00
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 y3 = 0,2099x - 16,455
R² = 0,9367
16. How is aquaculture contributing to income generation and
fish supply for rural markets/self-consumption?
Destination of fish production (kg) x cluster
cluster 3
self-consumption (kg)
cluster 2
gift (kg)
sold (kg)
cluster 1
0 50 100 150 200
Significative differences
self-consumption (kg) gift (kg) sold (kg)
mean sd mean sd mean sd
cluster 1 93,10 17,43 11,19 8,05 67,62 76,35
cluster 2 77,00 15,85 22,00 10,85 82,50 104,86
cluster 3 72,14 16,84 8,57 7,70 31,61 106,85
17. How is aquaculture contributing to income generation and
fish supply for rural markets/self-consumption?
Destination of fish production (kg) x # ponds
3
self-consumption (kg)
2
gift (kg)
sold (kg)
1
0 100 200 300 400 500
Significative differences
n harvested
ponds self-consumption (kg) gift (kg) sold (kg) farms ponds
mean SD mean SD Mean SD
1 84,87 19,12 12,10 8,67 37,24 47,04 38 38
2 73 19,23 9 7,42 208 24,90 5 10
3 72,5 17,68 35 14,14 337,5 53,03 2 6
18. Discussion
The role of aquaculture as a source
of income generation is determined
by the pond area (or the # of
ponds).
The amount of ponds per farm is
directly related to the type of
program from which the farmer got
help to introduce aquaculture.
Only in 3 farms (4%) ponds were
built without the financial help of a
publicly-funded program.
19. Discussion
Public-funded programs
n = 65 Proyecto Manos a la obra Municipio APTM
Piscícola (n = 18) (n=2) (n=11)
(n = 34)
Funding National Ministry of Social Province of Cigarette
source Development Misiones sales tax
Pond 1 3 1-2 1
construction
Fingerling Yes Yes No No
supply
Payment US$ 400 in With harvested US$500 Discounted
conditions 12 fish at tobacco
installments harvest
20. Some questions and challenges…
Who is benefiting the most from aquaculture
development?
State-supported aquaculture programs:
segmented or not?
How can we distribute fish so it can be
accessed by the poor?
21. Conclusions
The role of aquaculture as an income
generation activity depends on the kind of
support from the state
The main effect of aquaculture is the supply of
fish for farm households
Fish is not available for the poorest of the
poor (landless)