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feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
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Current Affairs for Civil Services and other state level exams. for more query please contact us: 9454721860
and also visit our website : www.iasnext.com
and follow for more on instagram and facebook
Current Affairs for Civil Services and other state level exams. for more query please contact us: 9454721860
and also visit our website : www.iasnext.com
and follow for more on instagram and facebook
Inter State Water Disputes; Case Study - Krishna River Water DisputeSudheer Sana
This document provides an overview of inter-state water disputes in India and specifically summarizes the Krishna River water dispute and its resolution through two tribunals. It notes that India depends heavily on agriculture and river water sharing is important. The Krishna River flows through three states causing a long-standing dispute over allocations. The first Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal in 1976 allocated shares of the river's flow, but a second tribunal was formed in 2004 to review this and issued a new award in 2010, increasing some state allocations and allowing expansion of a dam critical to one state. Controversies remain around the allocations and impacts of the tribunal decisions.
This document provides an overview of inter-state water disputes in India and summarizes the Krishna River water dispute case study. It describes how the Krishna River flows through multiple states and led to disputes over water sharing. The Central Government established the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal I in 1969 to determine allocation of the river's water among Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. The Tribunal's 1976 award allocated specific amounts of water to each state based on 75% dependable flow estimates. Subsequent issues and a review led to the formation of Tribunal II in 2004, which issued a new award in 2010 allocating different amounts of water among the states based on 65% dependability through 2050. Controversies remained
This document summarizes inter-state river water disputes in India and the relevant constitutional provisions. The Constitution assigns responsibility for inter-state rivers to the central government. The Inter-State Water Disputes Act of 1956 established tribunals to resolve disputes, though they often face long delays. Active disputes include the Cauvery River between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, and the Satluj Yamuna Link Canal issue between Punjab and Haryana over the Satluj and Beas rivers. Improving cooperation between states and timely resolution of disputes is important given India's large population and limited renewable water resources.
The Krishna River water dispute involves the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna River Basin Project constructed several dams and barrages to distribute the river's water for irrigation and power generation. The states have disputed water sharing since colonial times. The Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal was formed in 1969 and allocated water shares in 1973. A second tribunal in 2010 reallocated shares through 2050 amid continued disputes over dam heights and allocations, particularly between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Tensions over water management and clashes between state police forces along their border remain an ongoing issue.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan. It discusses the distribution of the eastern and western rivers between the two countries as outlined in the treaty. It also describes some of the major disputes that have emerged post-treaty, such as Indian dam projects on western rivers. The summary concludes that while the treaty has generally functioned well, both countries should focus on cooperatively developing water resources for the future through modifying the treaty's governing mechanisms.
The document provides an introduction and study guide for delegates participating in the SSN Youth Parliamentary Conference on the agenda of interlinking rivers in India. It discusses the need for interlinking rivers due to increasing population and water shortage issues. It outlines India's major river water conflicts such as the Ravi-Beas and Cauvery disputes. The study guide explains the flow of debate at the conference and provides questions for delegates to consider regarding the costs, impacts and advantages/disadvantages of the proposed interlinking of rivers project.
Current Affairs for Civil Services and other state level exams. for more query please contact us: 9454721860
and also visit our website : www.iasnext.com
and follow for more on instagram and facebook
Current Affairs for Civil Services and other state level exams. for more query please contact us: 9454721860
and also visit our website : www.iasnext.com
and follow for more on instagram and facebook
Inter State Water Disputes; Case Study - Krishna River Water DisputeSudheer Sana
This document provides an overview of inter-state water disputes in India and specifically summarizes the Krishna River water dispute and its resolution through two tribunals. It notes that India depends heavily on agriculture and river water sharing is important. The Krishna River flows through three states causing a long-standing dispute over allocations. The first Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal in 1976 allocated shares of the river's flow, but a second tribunal was formed in 2004 to review this and issued a new award in 2010, increasing some state allocations and allowing expansion of a dam critical to one state. Controversies remain around the allocations and impacts of the tribunal decisions.
This document provides an overview of inter-state water disputes in India and summarizes the Krishna River water dispute case study. It describes how the Krishna River flows through multiple states and led to disputes over water sharing. The Central Government established the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal I in 1969 to determine allocation of the river's water among Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. The Tribunal's 1976 award allocated specific amounts of water to each state based on 75% dependable flow estimates. Subsequent issues and a review led to the formation of Tribunal II in 2004, which issued a new award in 2010 allocating different amounts of water among the states based on 65% dependability through 2050. Controversies remained
This document summarizes inter-state river water disputes in India and the relevant constitutional provisions. The Constitution assigns responsibility for inter-state rivers to the central government. The Inter-State Water Disputes Act of 1956 established tribunals to resolve disputes, though they often face long delays. Active disputes include the Cauvery River between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, and the Satluj Yamuna Link Canal issue between Punjab and Haryana over the Satluj and Beas rivers. Improving cooperation between states and timely resolution of disputes is important given India's large population and limited renewable water resources.
The Krishna River water dispute involves the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna River Basin Project constructed several dams and barrages to distribute the river's water for irrigation and power generation. The states have disputed water sharing since colonial times. The Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal was formed in 1969 and allocated water shares in 1973. A second tribunal in 2010 reallocated shares through 2050 amid continued disputes over dam heights and allocations, particularly between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Tensions over water management and clashes between state police forces along their border remain an ongoing issue.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan. It discusses the distribution of the eastern and western rivers between the two countries as outlined in the treaty. It also describes some of the major disputes that have emerged post-treaty, such as Indian dam projects on western rivers. The summary concludes that while the treaty has generally functioned well, both countries should focus on cooperatively developing water resources for the future through modifying the treaty's governing mechanisms.
The document provides an introduction and study guide for delegates participating in the SSN Youth Parliamentary Conference on the agenda of interlinking rivers in India. It discusses the need for interlinking rivers due to increasing population and water shortage issues. It outlines India's major river water conflicts such as the Ravi-Beas and Cauvery disputes. The study guide explains the flow of debate at the conference and provides questions for delegates to consider regarding the costs, impacts and advantages/disadvantages of the proposed interlinking of rivers project.
The Indus Water Treaty is a water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan signed in 1960. It allocates control of the six major rivers of the Indus basin to either India or Pakistan. India was given control of the three eastern rivers - Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas, while Pakistan was given control of the three western rivers - Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab. The World Bank acts as a mediator in disputes regarding the treaty. It was signed by Indian PM Jawahar Lal Nehru and Pakistani President Ayub Khan, and gave Pakistan a 10-year transition period to build infrastructure for the western rivers.
The 1960 Indus Waters Treaty allocated control of the eastern rivers to India and the western rivers to Pakistan. The treaty was stable during past wars but has become less stable due to territorial threats and lack of cooperation. Water disputes have increased tensions between India and Pakistan, especially after 9/11. Pakistan objects to some of India's hydroelectric dam projects, believing they violate the treaty. India is building more dams but says decreased water flow is due to climate change, not water theft. Improving education, peace talks, and UN involvement are recommended to resolve disputes and reduce tensions over the critical water issue.
[Polity] inter linking of rivers in india benefits, problems, china dispute...Ravi Naid Gorle
The inter-linking of rivers project in India aims to transfer water from surplus to deficit areas to help with irrigation and power generation. It has been proposed since British times but various states now oppose transfers of their water resources. Benefits include irrigation of 35 million hectares and 34,000 MW of power but costs are estimated at Rs. 5.6 trillion. Only the Ken-Betwa link is under detailed study. Constitutional provisions give states control over water resources within their borders hampering central planning. Environmental concerns and impacts on communities also pose challenges to implementation.
The Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu has a long history dating back to the late 19th century. Several agreements were made between 1892-1924 to allocate Cauvery water between the administrations of Madras and Mysore. Post-independence, conflicts increased as Karnataka built dams and irrigation projects. The dispute was referred to the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal in 1990 which issued interim orders in 1991 and a final order in 2007. However, both states remain unsatisfied and have challenged orders in the Supreme Court. The long-running dispute highlights the failure of institutions to resolve conflicts over sharing of inter-state river waters on a permanent basis.
11.[11 16]interstate water dispute and federalism governance of interstate ri...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes the governance of interstate river water in India. It discusses how water disputes between states are addressed in the Indian constitution and relevant laws. The key points are:
1) Water is primarily a state subject under the constitution, but the central government can intervene in interstate river disputes.
2) The Inter-State Water Disputes Act of 1956 allows states to request tribunals to resolve disputes, but states don't always accept tribunal decisions.
3) Recommendations have been made to strengthen the dispute resolution process, such as making tribunal decisions binding, but challenges remain.
Indus water treaty of 1960 and role of world bankIhsan Wassan
The document summarizes the Indus Water Treaty of 1960 between India and Pakistan and the role of the World Bank. The treaty divided the Indus River basin between the two countries, with Pakistan receiving the western rivers - Chenab, Jhelum and Indus - and India receiving the eastern rivers - Sutlej, Beas and Ravi. The World Bank brokered the treaty to equitably distribute the water resources and end disputes over water sharing. However, water disputes have continued to arise between the two countries from time to time related to various hydroelectric projects. The treaty aimed to ensure Pakistan's undisturbed use of the western rivers on which it depends.
EDEN IAS - WEEKLY CURRENT ROUND-UP 17 June 2018EDEN IAS
Cauvery, also known as Dakshin Ganga (The Ganges of the South), has been the economic life-line of the states through
which it flows. If you look at the map of India, you will notice that the river cuts across two Indian states, Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu. It originates at Talacauvery in Kodagu district in Karnataka. While it flows mainly through Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu, a lot of its basin area is covered by Kerala and the Karaikal area of Puducherry. Hence Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
and Puducherry all have rightful claims over the river. However the socio-economic impact of the river is most resounding
in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, where the river is treated as Mother Goddess and is entwined with the identity
of the people.
The document discusses the Indus water treaty of 1960 between India and Pakistan, the water accord of 1991 between Pakistani provinces, and the Indus River System Authority (IRSA).
The key points are:
1) The 1960 Indus water treaty allocated the three eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India and the three western rivers (Jhelum, Chenab, Indus) to Pakistan.
2) The 1991 water accord between Pakistani provinces allocated water shares of the Indus rivers to ensure distribution. It established the IRSA to implement the accord.
3) IRSA regulates and distributes surface water supplies to provinces according to the water accord, settles
Pakistan has growing concerns over India's control of the rivers that flow from India into Pakistan. Under the 1960 Indus Water Treaty, Pakistan was given rights to three eastern rivers including the Chenab, a key tributary as it carries the waters of other rivers into the Indus. India has built several dams on these rivers, including the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab in the 1990s. Pakistan fears India could use these dams to restrict water flows and damage Pakistan's agriculture or cause floods during wartime. As the rivers originate in disputed Kashmir and pass through India, their control has become a geopolitical issue exacerbating tensions between the nuclear-armed neighbors.
01. india's river linking project state of the debate- shah et alAgampreet Singh
The document discusses India's proposed inter-linking of rivers project to transfer water from water-surplus Himalayan rivers to water-scarce regions in western and peninsular India. It provides background on the long history of the proposal and increased debate in recent years. It also examines debates around large dam projects and potential issues with displacement of populations. The document concludes by arguing that while India may not implement the exact proposal, massive water infrastructure investments will still be needed to address water challenges.
current affairs for UPSC, UPPSC, UPPCS-J
for more details contact: 9454721860, 0522-4241011
and also visit our website: www.iasnext.com
and follow us on facebook and instagram
01. india's river linking project state of the debate- shah et alRavi Naid Gorle
This document discusses India's proposed inter-linking of rivers project in three paragraphs:
1) It provides background on the long-discussed idea of linking water-surplus Himalayan rivers with water-scarce regions in western and peninsular India. The project is now being debated in detail as a mega-project, but faces opposition over environmental and social costs.
2) It then outlines the history of proposals to link India's rivers dating back to the 19th century. Most recently, the Supreme Court ordered the project be completed by 2016, though the timeline was impossible. The project now has uncertain support under the new government.
3) It concludes by noting that while India has hesitated
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
Project management - JICA Project In Abbottabad (Knowledge Gain Purpose)NaqashTareen
The document summarizes a water supply project in Abbottabad, Pakistan funded by JICA. The 4-year project aimed to improve drinking water facilities for 216,000 people. It included developing surface water infrastructure like an intake system, water treatment plant, and transmission mains. The project also involved groundwater infrastructure like tube wells and reservoirs. However, the project faced some political issues due to concerns from a neighboring district that it would reduce their water supply and impact agriculture.
This document provides an overview of water conflicts in India. It discusses growing water importance and scarcity in India. It defines what a conflict is and examines different theories around water rights. It then analyzes several domestic and international water disputes India faces, including with neighboring countries over rivers like the Brahmaputra, Mahakali, and Indus. Specifically, it notes tensions with China over dam construction on the Brahmaputra and historical disputes with Nepal over the Mahakali River. The document also highlights the successful Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan. In conclusion, it argues water conflicts are socially embedded and reflect power relations rather than just scarcity.
Indus water treaty : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on Indus Water Treaty
River inter linking is it really a miragePeriasamy K
The document discusses India's proposed river interlinking project, which aims to transfer surplus water from northern to southern rivers to address water scarcity. It provides background on previous proposals and studies conducted. While the project was approved over a decade ago, only one link has been implemented so far due to criticisms around environmental impacts, displacement, and costs. Supporters argue the project could irrigate additional land, generate power, and mitigate floods and droughts, while minimizing impacts through new tunneling methods. It outlines 29 proposed links and estimates project benefits but acknowledges some land acquisition and displacement would be required.
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
The Indus Water Treaty is a water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan signed in 1960. It allocates control of the six major rivers of the Indus basin to either India or Pakistan. India was given control of the three eastern rivers - Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas, while Pakistan was given control of the three western rivers - Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab. The World Bank acts as a mediator in disputes regarding the treaty. It was signed by Indian PM Jawahar Lal Nehru and Pakistani President Ayub Khan, and gave Pakistan a 10-year transition period to build infrastructure for the western rivers.
The 1960 Indus Waters Treaty allocated control of the eastern rivers to India and the western rivers to Pakistan. The treaty was stable during past wars but has become less stable due to territorial threats and lack of cooperation. Water disputes have increased tensions between India and Pakistan, especially after 9/11. Pakistan objects to some of India's hydroelectric dam projects, believing they violate the treaty. India is building more dams but says decreased water flow is due to climate change, not water theft. Improving education, peace talks, and UN involvement are recommended to resolve disputes and reduce tensions over the critical water issue.
[Polity] inter linking of rivers in india benefits, problems, china dispute...Ravi Naid Gorle
The inter-linking of rivers project in India aims to transfer water from surplus to deficit areas to help with irrigation and power generation. It has been proposed since British times but various states now oppose transfers of their water resources. Benefits include irrigation of 35 million hectares and 34,000 MW of power but costs are estimated at Rs. 5.6 trillion. Only the Ken-Betwa link is under detailed study. Constitutional provisions give states control over water resources within their borders hampering central planning. Environmental concerns and impacts on communities also pose challenges to implementation.
The Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu has a long history dating back to the late 19th century. Several agreements were made between 1892-1924 to allocate Cauvery water between the administrations of Madras and Mysore. Post-independence, conflicts increased as Karnataka built dams and irrigation projects. The dispute was referred to the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal in 1990 which issued interim orders in 1991 and a final order in 2007. However, both states remain unsatisfied and have challenged orders in the Supreme Court. The long-running dispute highlights the failure of institutions to resolve conflicts over sharing of inter-state river waters on a permanent basis.
11.[11 16]interstate water dispute and federalism governance of interstate ri...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes the governance of interstate river water in India. It discusses how water disputes between states are addressed in the Indian constitution and relevant laws. The key points are:
1) Water is primarily a state subject under the constitution, but the central government can intervene in interstate river disputes.
2) The Inter-State Water Disputes Act of 1956 allows states to request tribunals to resolve disputes, but states don't always accept tribunal decisions.
3) Recommendations have been made to strengthen the dispute resolution process, such as making tribunal decisions binding, but challenges remain.
Indus water treaty of 1960 and role of world bankIhsan Wassan
The document summarizes the Indus Water Treaty of 1960 between India and Pakistan and the role of the World Bank. The treaty divided the Indus River basin between the two countries, with Pakistan receiving the western rivers - Chenab, Jhelum and Indus - and India receiving the eastern rivers - Sutlej, Beas and Ravi. The World Bank brokered the treaty to equitably distribute the water resources and end disputes over water sharing. However, water disputes have continued to arise between the two countries from time to time related to various hydroelectric projects. The treaty aimed to ensure Pakistan's undisturbed use of the western rivers on which it depends.
EDEN IAS - WEEKLY CURRENT ROUND-UP 17 June 2018EDEN IAS
Cauvery, also known as Dakshin Ganga (The Ganges of the South), has been the economic life-line of the states through
which it flows. If you look at the map of India, you will notice that the river cuts across two Indian states, Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu. It originates at Talacauvery in Kodagu district in Karnataka. While it flows mainly through Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu, a lot of its basin area is covered by Kerala and the Karaikal area of Puducherry. Hence Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
and Puducherry all have rightful claims over the river. However the socio-economic impact of the river is most resounding
in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, where the river is treated as Mother Goddess and is entwined with the identity
of the people.
The document discusses the Indus water treaty of 1960 between India and Pakistan, the water accord of 1991 between Pakistani provinces, and the Indus River System Authority (IRSA).
The key points are:
1) The 1960 Indus water treaty allocated the three eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India and the three western rivers (Jhelum, Chenab, Indus) to Pakistan.
2) The 1991 water accord between Pakistani provinces allocated water shares of the Indus rivers to ensure distribution. It established the IRSA to implement the accord.
3) IRSA regulates and distributes surface water supplies to provinces according to the water accord, settles
Pakistan has growing concerns over India's control of the rivers that flow from India into Pakistan. Under the 1960 Indus Water Treaty, Pakistan was given rights to three eastern rivers including the Chenab, a key tributary as it carries the waters of other rivers into the Indus. India has built several dams on these rivers, including the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab in the 1990s. Pakistan fears India could use these dams to restrict water flows and damage Pakistan's agriculture or cause floods during wartime. As the rivers originate in disputed Kashmir and pass through India, their control has become a geopolitical issue exacerbating tensions between the nuclear-armed neighbors.
01. india's river linking project state of the debate- shah et alAgampreet Singh
The document discusses India's proposed inter-linking of rivers project to transfer water from water-surplus Himalayan rivers to water-scarce regions in western and peninsular India. It provides background on the long history of the proposal and increased debate in recent years. It also examines debates around large dam projects and potential issues with displacement of populations. The document concludes by arguing that while India may not implement the exact proposal, massive water infrastructure investments will still be needed to address water challenges.
current affairs for UPSC, UPPSC, UPPCS-J
for more details contact: 9454721860, 0522-4241011
and also visit our website: www.iasnext.com
and follow us on facebook and instagram
01. india's river linking project state of the debate- shah et alRavi Naid Gorle
This document discusses India's proposed inter-linking of rivers project in three paragraphs:
1) It provides background on the long-discussed idea of linking water-surplus Himalayan rivers with water-scarce regions in western and peninsular India. The project is now being debated in detail as a mega-project, but faces opposition over environmental and social costs.
2) It then outlines the history of proposals to link India's rivers dating back to the 19th century. Most recently, the Supreme Court ordered the project be completed by 2016, though the timeline was impossible. The project now has uncertain support under the new government.
3) It concludes by noting that while India has hesitated
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
Project management - JICA Project In Abbottabad (Knowledge Gain Purpose)NaqashTareen
The document summarizes a water supply project in Abbottabad, Pakistan funded by JICA. The 4-year project aimed to improve drinking water facilities for 216,000 people. It included developing surface water infrastructure like an intake system, water treatment plant, and transmission mains. The project also involved groundwater infrastructure like tube wells and reservoirs. However, the project faced some political issues due to concerns from a neighboring district that it would reduce their water supply and impact agriculture.
This document provides an overview of water conflicts in India. It discusses growing water importance and scarcity in India. It defines what a conflict is and examines different theories around water rights. It then analyzes several domestic and international water disputes India faces, including with neighboring countries over rivers like the Brahmaputra, Mahakali, and Indus. Specifically, it notes tensions with China over dam construction on the Brahmaputra and historical disputes with Nepal over the Mahakali River. The document also highlights the successful Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan. In conclusion, it argues water conflicts are socially embedded and reflect power relations rather than just scarcity.
Indus water treaty : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on Indus Water Treaty
River inter linking is it really a miragePeriasamy K
The document discusses India's proposed river interlinking project, which aims to transfer surplus water from northern to southern rivers to address water scarcity. It provides background on previous proposals and studies conducted. While the project was approved over a decade ago, only one link has been implemented so far due to criticisms around environmental impacts, displacement, and costs. Supporters argue the project could irrigate additional land, generate power, and mitigate floods and droughts, while minimizing impacts through new tunneling methods. It outlines 29 proposed links and estimates project benefits but acknowledges some land acquisition and displacement would be required.
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
The document provides information about various topics:
1. It summarizes the key details about Geetanjali Shree becoming the first Indian author to win the International Booker Prize for her novel "Tomb of Sand" which was originally written in Hindi.
2. It outlines the background and issues related to the Katchatheevu island disputed between India and Sri Lanka.
3. It describes the contributions and philosophy of social reformer Sree Narayana Guru who fought against the oppressive caste system in India.
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
or log on to our website : www.iasnext.com
we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
feel free to contact us for any query regarding your exam
contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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The Quad nations are planning a maritime surveillance initiative to track illegal fishing in the Indo-Pacific region and push back against Chinese overfishing. The initiative will utilize existing surveillance centers in Singapore, India, and the Pacific and bring them together under a single tracking system. It is aimed especially at massive fishing by Chinese trawlers, which are responsible for 80-95% of illegal fishing in the region. The initiative will likely use India's Information Fusion Centre-Indian Ocean Region, located in Gurugram, which already coordinates with countries on maritime issues and acts as a repository for maritime data.
Mozambique has reported its first case of wild poliovirus in 30 years after a child contracted the disease. This is the country's first case since 1992 and the second imported case in Southern Africa this year, with an earlier outbreak reported in Malawi. Wild poliovirus is now only endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Reserve Bank of India will transfer Rs 30,307 crore as surplus to the government for the fiscal year ended March 2022, down 69% from the previous year due to increased interest paid to banks. A glitch in Voyager 1's attitude control system is causing the spacecraft to send strange data, puzzling engineers over 45 years since its launch on a mission to explore the outer planets that
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The document discusses several topics:
1. The construction of a bridge by China near the Pangong Lake in Ladakh raises concerns as it will reduce travel time for the PLA between two sectors from 12 hours to 3-4 hours.
2. The Pangong Lake is disputed territory along the LAC with India and China having differing views on where the line passes.
3. China appears to be trying to keep India restricted in the region by gaining strategic advantage along the lake.
4. The document also discusses the urban heat island effect where cities experience higher temperatures than rural areas due to heat absorption by concrete and lack of greenery.
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The document discusses the Member of Parliament Local Area Development (MPLAD) scheme. Some key points:
1. MPLADS allows MPs to recommend developmental works in their constituencies based on local needs. Each MP receives Rs. 5 crore annually for this.
2. Funds are released to district authorities who implement projects. MPs have a recommendatory role while districts oversee execution.
3. The Parliamentary Committee has asked the government to release Rs. 5 crore meant for 2023-24 this fiscal to complete unfinished MPLADS projects impacted by COVID suspensions.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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2. Krishna River water dispute:
Reference News:-
The Karnataka government has moved the
Supreme Court seeking setting up of a
bench to hear a plea relating to the
dispute over the allocation of water
of Krishna river, flowing in states of
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
and Telangana.
Meanwhile, the Supreme Court had asked if the parties can settle the dispute
through
What’s the issue?
A bench comprising Justice D Y Chandrachud, hailing from Maharashtra, and Justice A S
Bopanna, who belongs to Karnataka, had on January 10 recused from the case, arising
out of the water tribunal’s decision, saying “We do not want to be the target of
invectives”.
The judges, who recused themselves, were upset with the tone and tenor of mails
and letters against them for being part of the bench to decide the water dispute.
Dispute in the court:
Karnataka had sought the vacation of a November 16, 2011, order of the
Supreme Court that stopped the Centre from publishing in the Official Gazette
(under Section 6(1) of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act of 1956) the final
order of the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal II (KWDT) pronounced in
December 2010, allocating the river water to Karnataka, erstwhile Andhra
Pradesh and Maharashtra.
The publication of the tribunal order is a necessary pre-condition for its
implementation.
Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT) award:
The dispute began with the erstwhile Hyderabad and Mysore states, and later
continuing between successors Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
In 1969, the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT) was set up under the Inter-
State River Water Dispute Act, 1956, and presented its report in 1973.
The report, which was published in 1976, divided the 2060 TMC (thousand million
cubic feet) of Krishna water at 75 per cent dependability into three parts:
1. 560 TMC for Maharashtra.
2. 700 TMC for Karnataka.
3. 800 TMC for Andhra Pradesh.
3. Revised order:
As new grievances arose between the states, the second KWDT was instituted in 2004.
It delivered its report in 2010, which made allocations of the Krishna water at 65 per
cent dependability and for surplus flows as follows:
81 TMC for Maharashtra, 177 TMC for Karnataka, and 190 TMC for Andhra
Pradesh.
The KWDT had further modified its final order and report on November 29,
2013, to allot surplus water to Karnataka, Maharashtra, and the erstwhile State of
Andhra Pradesh while preserving the allocation of 2,130 TMC already made among
them.
Why hasn’t the order been published yet?
After the creation of Telangana as a separate state in 2014, Andhra Pradesh is asking to
include Telangana as a separate party at the KWDT and that the allocation of Krishna
waters be reworked among four states, instead of three.
Academic Bank of Credit:
Reference News:-
The Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) is
expected to be implemented from this academic
year.
However, this scheme has many pros and
cons and there are issues which still need
to be addressed before it gets
implemented.
Concerns and challenges associated:
ABC will affect organised, systematic learning: Students may find it difficult to
change colleges from different universities.
The university or the college a student studies in also makes a difference in terms
of the name and quality of education provided.
Impact on remote institutions: Only the National Assessment and
Accreditation Council (NAAC) graded institutions can join the Academic Bank of
Credit. It may push the already remote institutions to become more marginalized.
There can be conflict of interests between different states governed by
different political parties in restructuring their policies to enable ABC.
Providing additional seats to students under ABC in premier
institutes which already have high demand would incur additional costs for
institutions.
What is the Academic Bank of Credit (ABC)?
4. Academic Bank of Credit (ABC), proposed under the National Education Policy
(NEP) 2020, was unveiled in July 2021.
Set-up by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
Under the ABC, students will be given multiple entry and exit options.
This enables students to leave a degree or course and get a corresponding
certification and rejoin studies after a certain time and be able to start from
where they had left.
It will also provide students with the flexibility to move between institutes while
pursuing one degree or leave a course.
How does it work?
ABC will keep records of the academic credits of a student. It will not accept any
credit course document directly from the students for any course they might be
pursuing, but only from higher education institutes, who will have to make deposits in
students’ accounts.
Benefits:
ABC will help in credit verification, credit accumulation, credit transfer and redemption
of students, and promotion of the students.
In simple terms:
Under the ABC, a student can earn a degree from any HEI, with multiple entry and exit
options. Instead of spending three years in one college, a student can seamlessly switch
over from one college to another one. In order to earn a degree, a student will now
require to hold a certain number of credits under his or her account.
For example, if a
BCom student
studies in one
college, he or she can
change college after
one year. He or she
can join the same
course after a break.
Until then, the
credits the student
earned in that one
year will be
maintained in their
ABC account and it
can be used when
the student rejoins
6. Permanent Indus Commission:
Reference News:-
A 10-member Indian delegation will visit Pakistan for the annual meeting
of the Permanent Indus Commission
Under the Indus Water Treaty
once every year ending March 31.
Significance:
In a first since the signing of the Indus Water Treaty between the two countries,
three female officers will also be part of the Indian delegation,
advising the Indian Commissioner on various issues during the meeting.
Focus areas:
Pakistan’s objections on Indian hydroelectric projects namely Pakal Dul (1,000 MW),
Lower Kalnai (48 MW) and Kiru (624 MW) in Chenab basin in Jammu and Kashmir and
few small hydroelectric projects in Ladakh are likely to be on the agenda for discussion.
About the Indus Water Treaty
It is a Water-Distribution Treaty, signed in Karachi on 1960, between India (Pm
Jawaharlal Nehru) and Pakistan (President Ayub Khan),
Bank.
How is the Indus water share between India and Pakistan?
Under the provisions of the Indus Waters Treaty,
in 1960, all the waters of the eastern rivers
Permanent Indus Commission:
member Indian delegation will visit Pakistan for the annual meeting
Permanent Indus Commission from March 1-3.
Indus Water Treaty, it is mandatory to hold a meeting at least
once every year ending March 31.
In a first since the signing of the Indus Water Treaty between the two countries,
three female officers will also be part of the Indian delegation,
advising the Indian Commissioner on various issues during the meeting.
tan’s objections on Indian hydroelectric projects namely Pakal Dul (1,000 MW),
Lower Kalnai (48 MW) and Kiru (624 MW) in Chenab basin in Jammu and Kashmir and
few small hydroelectric projects in Ladakh are likely to be on the agenda for discussion.
the Indus Water Treaty:
Distribution Treaty, signed in Karachi on 1960, between India (Pm
Jawaharlal Nehru) and Pakistan (President Ayub Khan), brokered by
How is the Indus water share between India and Pakistan?
the Indus Waters Treaty, signed between India and Pakistan
all the waters of the eastern rivers — the Sutlej, Beas, and Ra
member Indian delegation will visit Pakistan for the annual meeting
mandatory to hold a meeting at least
In a first since the signing of the Indus Water Treaty between the two countries,
three female officers will also be part of the Indian delegation, which will be
tan’s objections on Indian hydroelectric projects namely Pakal Dul (1,000 MW),
Lower Kalnai (48 MW) and Kiru (624 MW) in Chenab basin in Jammu and Kashmir and
few small hydroelectric projects in Ladakh are likely to be on the agenda for discussion.
Distribution Treaty, signed in Karachi on 1960, between India (Pm
brokered by the World
signed between India and Pakistan
the Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi —
7. amounting to around 33 MAF (million acre-feet) annually is allocated to India for
unrestricted use.
The waters of western rivers — Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab — amounting to
around 135 MAF annually are largely for Pakistan.
The right to generate hydroelectricity:
Under the Treaty, India has been given the right to generate
hydroelectricity through a run of the river projects on the western rivers subject to
specific criteria for design and operation.
It also gives the right to Pakistan to raise concerns on the design of Indian
hydroelectric projects on western rivers.
Permanent Indus Commission:
The Permanent Indus Commission is a bilateral commission of officials from
India and Pakistan, created to implement and manage goals of the Indus Waters
Treaty, 1960.
The Commission according to the treaty must meet regularly at least once a year,
alternately in India and Pakistan.
The functions of the Commission are:
to study and report to the two Governments on any problem relating to the
development on the waters of the rivers.
to solve disputes arising over water sharing.
to arrange technical visits to projects’ sites and critical river head works.
to undertake, once in every five years, a general tour of inspection of the Rivers
for ascertaining the facts.
to take necessary steps for the implementation of the provisions of the treaty.
What is dark energy and dark matter?
Reference News:-
Astronomical observations suggest
that a significant part of the universe
is made up of dark matter which
interacts with the rest of the universe
only through the gravitational pull.
Many large lab experiments have tried to detect elementary particles that could
be candidates for dark matter. However, such dark matter particles have not
been detected until now.
Assessing dark matter:
The researchers use the non-observation of the lensing signatures to assess what
fraction of the dark matter could be made of black holes. Gravitational lensing is
8. useful to cosmologists because it is directly sensitive to the amount and
distribution of dark matter.
What is gravitational lensing? How does it work?
Gravitational lensing is an
effect of Einstein’s theory of
general relativity – simply
put, mass bends light.
The gravitational field of a
massive object will extend far
into space, and cause light
rays passing close to that
object (and thus through its
gravitational field) to be bent
and refocused somewhere
else.
The more massive the object,
the stronger its gravitational
field and hence the greater
the bending of light rays –
just like using denser
materials to make optical
lenses results in a greater
amount of refraction.
What is Dark Energy?
More is unknown than is known. We
know how much dark energy there
is because we know how it affects
the universe’s expansion. Other than
that, it is a complete mystery. But it
is an important mystery. It makes
up about 68% of the universe.
Dark Energy is a hypothetical form of energy that exerts a negative, repulsive pressure,
behaving like the opposite of gravity.
It is causing the rate of expansion of our universe to accelerate over time, rather
than to slow down. That’s contrary to what one might expect from a universe that
began in a Big Bang.
How is dark energy different from dark matter?
Everything we see – the planets, moons, massive galaxies – makes up less than 5% of
the universe. About 27% is dark matter and 68% is dark energy.
9. While dark matter attracts and holds
galaxies together, dark energy repels
and causes the expansion of our
universe.
The existence of dark matter was
suggested as early as the 1920s,
while dark energy wasn’t
discovered until 1998.
Did you know about the XENON1T experiment?
It is the world’s most sensitive dark matter experiment and was operated
deep underground at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy.
It uses the dual-phase (liquid/gas) xenon technique and is located underground
at the Laboratory Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN, Italy.
The theory of general relativity:
The leading theory, however, considers dark energy a property of space. Albert Einstein
was the first to understand that space was not simply empty. He also understood that
more space could continue to come into existence. In his theory of general relativity,
Einstein included a cosmological constant to account for the stationary universe
scientists thought existed.
After Hubble announced the expanding universe, Einstein called his constant his
“biggest blunder.”
But Einstein’s blunder may be the best fit for dark energy. Predicting that empty
space can have its own energy, the constant indicates that as more space
emerges, more energy would be added to the universe, increasing its expansion.
NASA’s Lucy mission:
Reference News:-
Eurybates is one of a handful of asteroids
that Lucy will visit over the next 12 years.
Recently, astronomers at Las Vegas
were observing a star which
appeared to briefly blink out
because the asteroid Eurybates had
passed in front of it.
As Eurybates eclipsed the star, a phenomenon scientists call an “occultation,” a
40-mile- (64-kilometer-) wide shadow the size of the asteroid passed over the
region.
10. This information will be used by Lucy researchers to supplement data
gathered by the Lucy spacecraft’s close flyby of Eurybates in 2027.
Why Occultations?
An occultation is any event where
one celestial object passes in front of
another, blocking the latter object
from an observer’s view. The best-
known example is a solar eclipse,
which occurs when the Moon passes
between the Sun and Earth, blocking
the Sun from our view.
About ‘Lucy’ Mission:
This is NASA’s first mission to explore the Jupiter Trojan asteroids.
It is a solar-powered mission.
It is estimated to be over 12 years long, during which the spacecraft will visit eight
asteroids covering a distance of about 6.3 billion km to deepen the understanding of the
“young solar system”.
Aim of the mission:
The mission is designed to understand the
composition of the diverse asteroids that
are a part of the Trojan asteroid
swarms, to determine the mass and
densities of the materials and to look for
and study the satellites and rings that may
orbit the Trojan asteroids.
What are Trojan Asteroids? Why are they called so?
These asteroids are believed to be the remnants of the early solar system, and studying
them will help scientists understand its origins and evolution, and why it looks the way
it does.
The Trojan asteroids are believed to be formed from the same material that led
to the formation of planets nearly 4 billion years ago when the solar system was
formed.
Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) norms:
Reference News:-
BrihanMumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has completed its inspection of Union
Minister Narayan Rane’s bungalow in Juhu following the complaint of illegal
construction and flouting of Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) rules.
11. What’s the issue?
The Union Minister’s bungalow has been illicitly constructed within 50 metres of the
sea in violation of the CRZ rules.
What are CRZ norms?
Under the section 3 of Environment Protection Act, 1986 of India, Coastal
Regulation Zone notification was issued in February 1991 for the first time.
In 2018-19, fresh Rules were issued, which aimed to remove certain restrictions
on building, streamlined the clearance process, and aimed to encourage tourism
in coastal areas.
Objectives:
They restrict certain kinds of activities — like large constructions, setting up
of new industries, storage or disposal of hazardous material, mining, reclamation
and bunding — within a certain distance from the coastline.
What are the restrictions?
The restrictions depend on criteria such as the population of the area, the
ecological sensitivity, the distance from the shore, and whether the area had been
designated as a natural park or wildlife zone.
The latest Rules have a no-development zone of 20 m for all islands close to the
mainland coast, and for all backwater islands in the mainland.
For the so-called CRZ-III (Rural) areas, two separate categories have been stipulated.
1. In the densely populated rural areas (CRZ-IIIA) with a population density of
2,161 per sq km as per the 2011 Census, the no-development zone is 50 m from
the high-tide level, as against the 200 m stipulated earlier.
2. CRZ-IIIB category (rural areas with population density below 2,161 per sq km)
areas continue to have a no-development zone extending up to 200 m from the
high-tide line.
Implementation:
While the CRZ Rules are made by the Union environment ministry, implementation is to
be ensured by state governments through their Coastal Zone Management
Authorities.
Manipur Insurgency
Reference News:-
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, while addressing an election rally on February 14 in
Imphal West, called upon insurgency groups operating in Manipur to shun violence and
come to the negotiating table.
12. He said that the menace of insurgency had been waning and the Centre is ready
to hold dialogue with them to bring lasting peace to the region.
Rise of insurgency in Manipur
Insurgence rooted in Independence: The emergence of insurgency in Manipur
dates back to 1964 with the formation of the United National Liberation Front
(UNLF), which still remains one of the formidable militant outfits.
Allegation of Forced Merger: The rise of separatist insurgency in Manipur
mainly attributed to perceived discontent over alleged “forced” merger of
Manipur with the Union of India and the subsequent delay in granting it full-
fledged statehood.
o While the erstwhile Kingdom of Manipur was merged with India on
October 15, 1949, it became a state only in 1972.
Rise of Valley based outfits: The later years saw a slew of militant outfits being
formed, including the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), People’s Revolutionary
Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), and Kanglei
Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL), among others. These valley-based outfits have been
demanding an independent Manipur.
Threat to Manipur Territorial due to Nagalim demand: The Naga movement
in neighbouring Nagaland spilled over into Manipur’s hill districts with the
NSCN-IM controlling most of it while pressing for “Nagalim” (Greater Nagaland),
which is perceived in the valley as a “threat” to Manipur’s “territorial integrity”.
Nagas Vs Kukis: While the hills account for nine-tenths of Manipur’s
geographical area, they are sparsely populated, with most of the state’s
population concentrated in the valley. The Meitei community forms a majority in
Imphal valley, while the surrounding hill districts are inhabited by Nagas and
Kukis.
o In the early 1990s, the ethnic clashes between Nagas and Kukis led to the
formation of several Kuki insurgent groups, which have now scaled down
their demand from a separate Kuki state to a Territorial Council.
Imposition of AFSPA: In 1980, the Centre declared the entire Manipur as a
“disturbed area” and imposed the controversial Armed Forces Special Powers Act
(AFSPA) to suppress the insurgency movement, which remains in force till date.
Ceasefire agreement
The NSCN-IM entered a ceasefire agreement with the Government of India (GoI)
in 1997, even as peace talks between them have still been continuing.
Similarly, the Kuki outfits under two umbrella groups, the Kuki National
Organisation (KNO) and United People’s Front (UPF), also signed the tripartite
Suspension of Operation (SoO) pacts with the GoI and Manipur on August 22,
2008.
13. Of the total 25 armed Kuki groups operating in the state, 17 are under the KNO
and 8 under the United Peoples’ Front (UPF).
However, major valley-based militant outfits (Meitei groups) such as the
UNLF, PLA, KYKL etc. are yet to come to the negotiating table.
Many of their smaller outfits have however entered the SoO agreement with the
state government, which has launched rehabilitation programmes for such
groups.