The document discusses broad patterns of evolution as seen in the fossil record. It describes how the fossil record shows macroevolutionary changes over time, including the emergence of terrestrial vertebrates and the impact of mass extinctions. The fossil record reveals that past organisms were very different than present-day life, and provides evidence for major evolutionary transitions in organisms over hundreds of millions of years, such as the evolution of mammals from synapsid ancestors. Mass extinctions, including the Permian and Cretaceous extinctions, caused widespread species loss.
- Plants and fungi were early colonizers of land, with the earliest plant fossils dating to over 470 million years ago. They colonized land as partners, with plants providing oxygen and food and fungi breaking down organic material and recycling nutrients.
- Fungi may have colonized land before plants and formed mutualistic mycorrhizal relationships with plants that helped plants obtain nutrients. Evidence suggests these genes for mycorrhizal symbiosis were present in early land plants.
- Key adaptations like sporopollenin-coated spores, alternation of generations, and multicellular embryos enabled plants to successfully colonize land from charophyte algal ancestors. Fungal adaptations like mycelial growth enhanced nutrient
- Plants and fungi were early colonizers of land, with fungi potentially colonizing before plants. They formed symbiotic partnerships through mycorrhizal relationships that helped plants obtain nutrients.
- Key adaptations like a waxy cuticle, specialized tissues for water transport, and stomata allowed early land plants to survive out of water. Fossil evidence shows simple plant structures existed over 400 million years ago.
- Fungi play an essential role in nutrient cycling and decomposition on land through their mycelial networks and ability to secrete digestive enzymes to absorb nutrients. Mycorrhizal relationships with plant roots are mutually beneficial.
- Plants and fungi were early colonizers of land, with fungi potentially colonizing before plants. They formed symbiotic partnerships through mycorrhizal relationships that helped plants obtain nutrients.
- Key adaptations like a waxy cuticle, specialized tissues for water transport, and stomata allowed early land plants to survive out of water. Fossil evidence shows simple plant structures existed over 400 million years ago.
- Fungi play an essential role in nutrient cycling and decomposition on land through their mycelial networks and ability to secrete digestive enzymes to absorb nutrients. Mycorrhizal relationships with plant roots are mutually beneficial.
The document summarizes the evolution and history of reptiles. It states that reptiles arose from amphibians around 350 million years ago during the Carboniferous period. The earliest reptiles were small insect-eating lizards. Reptiles then diversified and became the dominant land vertebrates by the Permian period. During the Mesozoic era, various reptile groups flourished, especially dinosaurs which appeared in a wide variety of forms. However, most dinosaurs went extinct around 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period, likely due to an asteroid impact that caused climate change. Despite this mass extinction, modern reptile orders like turtles, lizards, snakes and crocodiles survived
1. The document discusses the rise of animal diversity, beginning with animals originating over 700 million years ago.
2. It describes some of the earliest animals like sponges and cnidarians, as well as the Cambrian explosion of animal diversity around 535-525 million years ago when many animal phyla first appeared in the fossil record.
3. It then covers the diversification of bilaterian animals into major clades like Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa, and describes some of the diversity of invertebrate animals, which make up the vast majority of animal species.
1. The document discusses the rise of animal diversity, beginning with animals originating over 700 million years ago.
2. It describes some of the earliest animals like sponges and cnidarians, as well as the Cambrian explosion of animal diversity around 535-525 million years ago when many major animal groups first appeared in the fossil record.
3. It then covers the diversification of bilaterian animals into major groups like arthropods, mollusks, and chordates, and how these groups radiated and came to dominate aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
This document discusses Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It begins by providing context on Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle where he made observations that influenced his thinking. Darwin proposed that evolution occurs through natural selection, where individuals with traits advantageous for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits. Over generations, this leads to adaptation and the emergence of new species. The document provides examples of observed evolution in species like Galapagos finches and soapberry bugs to support Darwin's theory.
This document provides an overview of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It discusses Darwin's observations on the Beagle voyage that influenced his thinking, including the variation he saw in Galapagos finches and fossils. It also summarizes the key points of Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species, including his idea that evolution occurs through natural selection acting on inherited variation, resulting in descent with modification from common ancestors. The document explores evidence like artificial selection and the fossil record that supported Darwin's revolutionary theory challenging traditional views of species.
- Plants and fungi were early colonizers of land, with the earliest plant fossils dating to over 470 million years ago. They colonized land as partners, with plants providing oxygen and food and fungi breaking down organic material and recycling nutrients.
- Fungi may have colonized land before plants and formed mutualistic mycorrhizal relationships with plants that helped plants obtain nutrients. Evidence suggests these genes for mycorrhizal symbiosis were present in early land plants.
- Key adaptations like sporopollenin-coated spores, alternation of generations, and multicellular embryos enabled plants to successfully colonize land from charophyte algal ancestors. Fungal adaptations like mycelial growth enhanced nutrient
- Plants and fungi were early colonizers of land, with fungi potentially colonizing before plants. They formed symbiotic partnerships through mycorrhizal relationships that helped plants obtain nutrients.
- Key adaptations like a waxy cuticle, specialized tissues for water transport, and stomata allowed early land plants to survive out of water. Fossil evidence shows simple plant structures existed over 400 million years ago.
- Fungi play an essential role in nutrient cycling and decomposition on land through their mycelial networks and ability to secrete digestive enzymes to absorb nutrients. Mycorrhizal relationships with plant roots are mutually beneficial.
- Plants and fungi were early colonizers of land, with fungi potentially colonizing before plants. They formed symbiotic partnerships through mycorrhizal relationships that helped plants obtain nutrients.
- Key adaptations like a waxy cuticle, specialized tissues for water transport, and stomata allowed early land plants to survive out of water. Fossil evidence shows simple plant structures existed over 400 million years ago.
- Fungi play an essential role in nutrient cycling and decomposition on land through their mycelial networks and ability to secrete digestive enzymes to absorb nutrients. Mycorrhizal relationships with plant roots are mutually beneficial.
The document summarizes the evolution and history of reptiles. It states that reptiles arose from amphibians around 350 million years ago during the Carboniferous period. The earliest reptiles were small insect-eating lizards. Reptiles then diversified and became the dominant land vertebrates by the Permian period. During the Mesozoic era, various reptile groups flourished, especially dinosaurs which appeared in a wide variety of forms. However, most dinosaurs went extinct around 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period, likely due to an asteroid impact that caused climate change. Despite this mass extinction, modern reptile orders like turtles, lizards, snakes and crocodiles survived
1. The document discusses the rise of animal diversity, beginning with animals originating over 700 million years ago.
2. It describes some of the earliest animals like sponges and cnidarians, as well as the Cambrian explosion of animal diversity around 535-525 million years ago when many animal phyla first appeared in the fossil record.
3. It then covers the diversification of bilaterian animals into major clades like Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa, and describes some of the diversity of invertebrate animals, which make up the vast majority of animal species.
1. The document discusses the rise of animal diversity, beginning with animals originating over 700 million years ago.
2. It describes some of the earliest animals like sponges and cnidarians, as well as the Cambrian explosion of animal diversity around 535-525 million years ago when many major animal groups first appeared in the fossil record.
3. It then covers the diversification of bilaterian animals into major groups like arthropods, mollusks, and chordates, and how these groups radiated and came to dominate aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
This document discusses Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It begins by providing context on Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle where he made observations that influenced his thinking. Darwin proposed that evolution occurs through natural selection, where individuals with traits advantageous for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits. Over generations, this leads to adaptation and the emergence of new species. The document provides examples of observed evolution in species like Galapagos finches and soapberry bugs to support Darwin's theory.
This document provides an overview of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It discusses Darwin's observations on the Beagle voyage that influenced his thinking, including the variation he saw in Galapagos finches and fossils. It also summarizes the key points of Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species, including his idea that evolution occurs through natural selection acting on inherited variation, resulting in descent with modification from common ancestors. The document explores evidence like artificial selection and the fossil record that supported Darwin's revolutionary theory challenging traditional views of species.
This prospectus outlines a key theme of the International Year of Planet Earth - Earth and Life: Origins of Diversity. It will focus on better understanding the dynamic processes of the biosphere and how that understanding can help achieve sustainable health of life support systems. Scientific projects will examine six key issues related to biodiversity changes and crises over deep time, including the factors responsible and how human activities interact with environmental factors. The prospectus provides an overview of life's evolution on Earth over billions of years, from early single-celled organisms to the radiation and mass extinctions of complex lifeforms. It aims to compile scientific data through global cooperation and online databases to advance knowledge of the biosphere.
The document provides an overview of the history of life on Earth based on evidence from the fossil record. It discusses key events such as the origin of early prokaryotic life, the oxygen revolution that occurred when photosynthetic organisms began producing oxygen, and the emergence of eukaryotic cells. Major transitions include multicellular organisms, colonization of land by plants and animals, mass extinctions, and the rise of modern groups like mammals. The fossil record reveals how organisms evolved and went extinct over billions of years, transforming life on our planet.
The document outlines the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into standardized eon, era, period, and epoch units. It describes the major events that occurred during each period such as the emergence of life, evolution of plants and animals, mass extinction events, and more. The geologic time scale is based on analyzing the fossil record and dating the ages of rocks and sediments to correlate transitions in life forms with absolute time.
This document provides an overview of the evidence that supports the theory of evolution through natural selection. It discusses multiple lines of evidence from various scientific disciplines, including fossils and the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and geology. The development of evolutionary theory from early naturalists like Darwin to modern understanding is also summarized. Key events that shaped understanding, such as Darwin's voyage on the Beagle and subsequent publication of On the Origin of Species, are also briefly outlined.
Life originated on Earth between 3.5-4 billion years ago. Early life was dominated by prokaryotes for 2.5 billion years. Oxygen began accumulating in the atmosphere around 2.7 billion years ago. The first eukaryotes appeared around 2.1 billion years ago, and multicellular life evolved by 1.2 billion years ago. Animal diversity exploded during the Cambrian period around 500 million years ago as plants, fungi and animals colonized land.
This document contains information about two sections from a biology textbook chapter on the history of life. Section 1 discusses fossil evidence of change and how fossils are used to date major events in Earth's history. Section 2 covers theories about the origin of life, including the primordial soup hypothesis and the endosymbiotic theory explaining the origin of organelles. The document provides learning goals and content for both sections, including the formation of early Earth and atmosphere, fossil formation processes, dating methods, and early events in life's evolution.
1. The document outlines the major periods in the geologic history of Earth from the Precambrian Eon to the present Cenozoic Era. It describes the major life forms, events, and changes that occurred during each period.
2. The periods are organized into larger divisions of geologic time including eons, eras, and periods. The Precambrian saw the earliest life forms evolve. The Paleozoic saw the Cambrian explosion of life and the rise of fish and land plants.
3. Mass extinctions occurred between periods, including the end-Permian mass extinction which wiped out 95% of marine species. The Mesozoic saw the rise of dinosaurs and mammals. It
The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into standardized units of time. It discusses the major eons, eras, and periods that make up the time scale based on studying rock layers and fossils. Key events include the earliest life in the Archean Era, mass extinctions like the Permian extinction, dinosaurs dominating the Jurassic period, and the asteroid impact that wiped out dinosaurs in the Cretaceous period, paving the way for modern mammals including humans in the Quaternary period. The geological time scale provides context for major developments in Earth's 4.6 billion year history.
Biology - Chp 17 - History Of Life - PowerPointMr. Walajtys
This chapter discusses the history of life on Earth based on evidence from the fossil record. It covers how fossils are formed and dated, as well as how paleontologists interpret and classify fossils to understand past life forms and environments. The fossil record shows that life has changed over time, with more than 99% of all species becoming extinct. It also reveals patterns of evolution such as extinction events, adaptive radiation, convergent and coevolution. The chapter discusses theories of punctuated equilibrium and the role of developmental genes in transformations of body plans over long periods of evolutionary time.
Evolution Natural Selection And Speciation 6371Geonyzl Alviola
The document provides evidence from multiple scientific disciplines to support the theory of evolution. It discusses how fossils, geology, comparative anatomy and biochemistry, and other fields have contributed overwhelming evidence that life has changed over time through natural selection and common descent. The fossil record shows how life on Earth has diversified from a few common ancestors over billions of years. Comparative anatomy reveals homologous and analogous structures that support evolutionary relationships between organisms. Radiometric dating has precisely determined the age of fossils and Earth to be billions of years old, supporting the vast timescale evolution requires. Together this evidence from various sciences has established evolution as the fundamental explanatory framework of biology.
Evolution, Natural Selection, and Speciationcgales
There is overwhelming evidence from multiple scientific disciplines that supports the theory of evolution. This evidence includes the fossil record that shows how life has changed over millions of years, similarities in the anatomy and biochemistry of living things, and geological evidence that the Earth is over 4 billion years old and has undergone gradual changes. The theory of evolution by natural selection, as proposed by Charles Darwin, explains how life can diversify over long periods of time through genetic variation and natural selection.
This document outlines major events in the evolution of life on Earth over the past 4.6 billion years, including the following key points:
- 3.5 billion years ago, unicellular life evolved and photosynthetic bacteria began releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
- Around 500 million years ago, fish-like vertebrates evolved and invertebrates like trilobites were common in the oceans.
- By 360 million years ago, four-limbed vertebrates moved onto land and seed plants and large forests appeared.
- The mass extinction event around 248 million years ago led to the demise of over 90% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial life.
The document discusses Alycia Stigall's research from 2010 on the decline in speciation during the late Devonian biodiversity crisis. Stigall studied potential causes of speciation such as reproductive isolation and geographic isolation, also known as vicariance. Biodiversity relies on balance between species, but this can be disrupted by invasive species, which are non-native organisms that impact ecosystems. Stigall's research provided insights into why speciation rates decreased during a past mass extinction event.
The document discusses several lines of evidence that support the evolution of life on Earth, including:
- The fossil record provides evidence of gradual changes in species over time as seen in successive rock layers. Radioactive dating is also used to determine the age of fossils.
- Selective breeding of domesticated animals demonstrates how artificial selection can produce changes in heritable traits over generations, paralleling natural selection in wild populations.
- Comparison of homologous structures like the pentadactyl limb in different species provides evidence of descent from a common ancestor and subsequent divergence and specialization.
- Geographic variation within species matches the concept of gradual divergence as populations adapt to local environmental conditions.
This thesis examines the age distribution of deer mouse (Peromyscus) remains found at two locations within Parker's Pit Cave in South Dakota: the Main Cone entrance and the Red Cone former entrance. Tooth wear was used to determine the relative ages of mice. The age distributions were found to differ significantly between the two locations, consistent with Main Cone representing bones accumulated randomly in a pitfall trap, while Red Cone represented bones accumulated selectively by predators targeting younger mice. This difference supports the hypothesis that the accumulation processes differed between the two sites due to their nature as a trap versus a predator feeding site.
This document outlines the major geological time periods from the formation of Earth 4.6 billion years ago to the present. It describes the key events and evolutionary developments that occurred during each eon and era, including the emergence of life, the evolution of single-celled to multi-celled organisms, the colonization of land, the rise of plants and animals, mass extinctions like the one that killed the dinosaurs, and the appearance and evolution of humans. The timeline tracks the major transitions in life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to modern times.
The document summarizes key aspects of geologic timescales including:
1) Rock layers at places like the Grand Canyon provide evidence of nearly 2 billion years of Earth's history. Fossils preserved in sedimentary rocks also provide information about geologic eras.
2) Geologists have divided Earth's history into a geologic timescale including eons, eras, periods, and epochs to better study the planet's natural history.
3) Mass extinction events have occurred where a large percentage of species suddenly die off, such as the extinction that ended the Paleozoic era killing nearly 90% of marine species. Climate changes are believed to be a cause of some extinctions.
Biologists study rocks and fossils for several reasons:
1) Fossils provide direct evidence of ancient life forms, showing what organisms existed in the past and how they evolved over millions of years.
2) Most fossils are mineralized remains such as bones, teeth, shells, or trace fossils like footprints and burrows.
3) By examining the layers of sedimentary rock that fossils are embedded in, with younger fossils on top of older ones, paleontologists can reconstruct the timeline of life on Earth.
New hyaenodonta (Mammalia) from the middle Eocene of MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631068318300010
New hyaenodonta (Mammalia) from the middle Eocene of Myanmar
The middle Eocene Pondaung Formation in Myanmar has yielded a rich mammalian fauna including several Primate taxa. Hyaenodonta are known by the genera Kyawdawia, Yarshea, Orienspterodon, and two other indeterminate taxa. We describe here new material of Kyawdawia, including some morphological details, a new species of the hypercarnivorous genus Propterodon and an indeterminate species, different from those described earlier in Myanmar, and characterized by a reduction of m3 and would belong to a third lineage with the same evolutionary trend as Galecyon and the Limnocyoninae. The hyainailourines (Orienspterodon) and hyaenodontines (Propterodon) are recorded for the first time in Southeast Asia and these subfamilies appeared in quasi the same time in Europe illustrating probably a profound change in the carnivorous fauna among Laurasia.
http://iphep.labo.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php/en/
Myanmar fossil find turns human history on its head - our earliest ancestors came from Asia, not Africa
Tooth from Myanmar is similar to tooth from Libya from 37 million years ago
Pre-human ancestors migrated between continents
Asia, not Africa, is the birthplace of our anthropoid ancestors
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This prospectus outlines a key theme of the International Year of Planet Earth - Earth and Life: Origins of Diversity. It will focus on better understanding the dynamic processes of the biosphere and how that understanding can help achieve sustainable health of life support systems. Scientific projects will examine six key issues related to biodiversity changes and crises over deep time, including the factors responsible and how human activities interact with environmental factors. The prospectus provides an overview of life's evolution on Earth over billions of years, from early single-celled organisms to the radiation and mass extinctions of complex lifeforms. It aims to compile scientific data through global cooperation and online databases to advance knowledge of the biosphere.
The document provides an overview of the history of life on Earth based on evidence from the fossil record. It discusses key events such as the origin of early prokaryotic life, the oxygen revolution that occurred when photosynthetic organisms began producing oxygen, and the emergence of eukaryotic cells. Major transitions include multicellular organisms, colonization of land by plants and animals, mass extinctions, and the rise of modern groups like mammals. The fossil record reveals how organisms evolved and went extinct over billions of years, transforming life on our planet.
The document outlines the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into standardized eon, era, period, and epoch units. It describes the major events that occurred during each period such as the emergence of life, evolution of plants and animals, mass extinction events, and more. The geologic time scale is based on analyzing the fossil record and dating the ages of rocks and sediments to correlate transitions in life forms with absolute time.
This document provides an overview of the evidence that supports the theory of evolution through natural selection. It discusses multiple lines of evidence from various scientific disciplines, including fossils and the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and geology. The development of evolutionary theory from early naturalists like Darwin to modern understanding is also summarized. Key events that shaped understanding, such as Darwin's voyage on the Beagle and subsequent publication of On the Origin of Species, are also briefly outlined.
Life originated on Earth between 3.5-4 billion years ago. Early life was dominated by prokaryotes for 2.5 billion years. Oxygen began accumulating in the atmosphere around 2.7 billion years ago. The first eukaryotes appeared around 2.1 billion years ago, and multicellular life evolved by 1.2 billion years ago. Animal diversity exploded during the Cambrian period around 500 million years ago as plants, fungi and animals colonized land.
This document contains information about two sections from a biology textbook chapter on the history of life. Section 1 discusses fossil evidence of change and how fossils are used to date major events in Earth's history. Section 2 covers theories about the origin of life, including the primordial soup hypothesis and the endosymbiotic theory explaining the origin of organelles. The document provides learning goals and content for both sections, including the formation of early Earth and atmosphere, fossil formation processes, dating methods, and early events in life's evolution.
1. The document outlines the major periods in the geologic history of Earth from the Precambrian Eon to the present Cenozoic Era. It describes the major life forms, events, and changes that occurred during each period.
2. The periods are organized into larger divisions of geologic time including eons, eras, and periods. The Precambrian saw the earliest life forms evolve. The Paleozoic saw the Cambrian explosion of life and the rise of fish and land plants.
3. Mass extinctions occurred between periods, including the end-Permian mass extinction which wiped out 95% of marine species. The Mesozoic saw the rise of dinosaurs and mammals. It
The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into standardized units of time. It discusses the major eons, eras, and periods that make up the time scale based on studying rock layers and fossils. Key events include the earliest life in the Archean Era, mass extinctions like the Permian extinction, dinosaurs dominating the Jurassic period, and the asteroid impact that wiped out dinosaurs in the Cretaceous period, paving the way for modern mammals including humans in the Quaternary period. The geological time scale provides context for major developments in Earth's 4.6 billion year history.
Biology - Chp 17 - History Of Life - PowerPointMr. Walajtys
This chapter discusses the history of life on Earth based on evidence from the fossil record. It covers how fossils are formed and dated, as well as how paleontologists interpret and classify fossils to understand past life forms and environments. The fossil record shows that life has changed over time, with more than 99% of all species becoming extinct. It also reveals patterns of evolution such as extinction events, adaptive radiation, convergent and coevolution. The chapter discusses theories of punctuated equilibrium and the role of developmental genes in transformations of body plans over long periods of evolutionary time.
Evolution Natural Selection And Speciation 6371Geonyzl Alviola
The document provides evidence from multiple scientific disciplines to support the theory of evolution. It discusses how fossils, geology, comparative anatomy and biochemistry, and other fields have contributed overwhelming evidence that life has changed over time through natural selection and common descent. The fossil record shows how life on Earth has diversified from a few common ancestors over billions of years. Comparative anatomy reveals homologous and analogous structures that support evolutionary relationships between organisms. Radiometric dating has precisely determined the age of fossils and Earth to be billions of years old, supporting the vast timescale evolution requires. Together this evidence from various sciences has established evolution as the fundamental explanatory framework of biology.
Evolution, Natural Selection, and Speciationcgales
There is overwhelming evidence from multiple scientific disciplines that supports the theory of evolution. This evidence includes the fossil record that shows how life has changed over millions of years, similarities in the anatomy and biochemistry of living things, and geological evidence that the Earth is over 4 billion years old and has undergone gradual changes. The theory of evolution by natural selection, as proposed by Charles Darwin, explains how life can diversify over long periods of time through genetic variation and natural selection.
This document outlines major events in the evolution of life on Earth over the past 4.6 billion years, including the following key points:
- 3.5 billion years ago, unicellular life evolved and photosynthetic bacteria began releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
- Around 500 million years ago, fish-like vertebrates evolved and invertebrates like trilobites were common in the oceans.
- By 360 million years ago, four-limbed vertebrates moved onto land and seed plants and large forests appeared.
- The mass extinction event around 248 million years ago led to the demise of over 90% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial life.
The document discusses Alycia Stigall's research from 2010 on the decline in speciation during the late Devonian biodiversity crisis. Stigall studied potential causes of speciation such as reproductive isolation and geographic isolation, also known as vicariance. Biodiversity relies on balance between species, but this can be disrupted by invasive species, which are non-native organisms that impact ecosystems. Stigall's research provided insights into why speciation rates decreased during a past mass extinction event.
The document discusses several lines of evidence that support the evolution of life on Earth, including:
- The fossil record provides evidence of gradual changes in species over time as seen in successive rock layers. Radioactive dating is also used to determine the age of fossils.
- Selective breeding of domesticated animals demonstrates how artificial selection can produce changes in heritable traits over generations, paralleling natural selection in wild populations.
- Comparison of homologous structures like the pentadactyl limb in different species provides evidence of descent from a common ancestor and subsequent divergence and specialization.
- Geographic variation within species matches the concept of gradual divergence as populations adapt to local environmental conditions.
This thesis examines the age distribution of deer mouse (Peromyscus) remains found at two locations within Parker's Pit Cave in South Dakota: the Main Cone entrance and the Red Cone former entrance. Tooth wear was used to determine the relative ages of mice. The age distributions were found to differ significantly between the two locations, consistent with Main Cone representing bones accumulated randomly in a pitfall trap, while Red Cone represented bones accumulated selectively by predators targeting younger mice. This difference supports the hypothesis that the accumulation processes differed between the two sites due to their nature as a trap versus a predator feeding site.
This document outlines the major geological time periods from the formation of Earth 4.6 billion years ago to the present. It describes the key events and evolutionary developments that occurred during each eon and era, including the emergence of life, the evolution of single-celled to multi-celled organisms, the colonization of land, the rise of plants and animals, mass extinctions like the one that killed the dinosaurs, and the appearance and evolution of humans. The timeline tracks the major transitions in life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to modern times.
The document summarizes key aspects of geologic timescales including:
1) Rock layers at places like the Grand Canyon provide evidence of nearly 2 billion years of Earth's history. Fossils preserved in sedimentary rocks also provide information about geologic eras.
2) Geologists have divided Earth's history into a geologic timescale including eons, eras, periods, and epochs to better study the planet's natural history.
3) Mass extinction events have occurred where a large percentage of species suddenly die off, such as the extinction that ended the Paleozoic era killing nearly 90% of marine species. Climate changes are believed to be a cause of some extinctions.
Biologists study rocks and fossils for several reasons:
1) Fossils provide direct evidence of ancient life forms, showing what organisms existed in the past and how they evolved over millions of years.
2) Most fossils are mineralized remains such as bones, teeth, shells, or trace fossils like footprints and burrows.
3) By examining the layers of sedimentary rock that fossils are embedded in, with younger fossils on top of older ones, paleontologists can reconstruct the timeline of life on Earth.
New hyaenodonta (Mammalia) from the middle Eocene of MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631068318300010
New hyaenodonta (Mammalia) from the middle Eocene of Myanmar
The middle Eocene Pondaung Formation in Myanmar has yielded a rich mammalian fauna including several Primate taxa. Hyaenodonta are known by the genera Kyawdawia, Yarshea, Orienspterodon, and two other indeterminate taxa. We describe here new material of Kyawdawia, including some morphological details, a new species of the hypercarnivorous genus Propterodon and an indeterminate species, different from those described earlier in Myanmar, and characterized by a reduction of m3 and would belong to a third lineage with the same evolutionary trend as Galecyon and the Limnocyoninae. The hyainailourines (Orienspterodon) and hyaenodontines (Propterodon) are recorded for the first time in Southeast Asia and these subfamilies appeared in quasi the same time in Europe illustrating probably a profound change in the carnivorous fauna among Laurasia.
http://iphep.labo.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php/en/
Myanmar fossil find turns human history on its head - our earliest ancestors came from Asia, not Africa
Tooth from Myanmar is similar to tooth from Libya from 37 million years ago
Pre-human ancestors migrated between continents
Asia, not Africa, is the birthplace of our anthropoid ancestors
Similar to 23lecturepresentation-160331121014.pdf (20)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.